India Folder (including Pakistan).kmz

India Folder (including Pakistan)

India
India; FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE, NURSE, RENEWER OF SOCIETY (12 AUGUST 1910); BARTHOLOMEW THE APOSTLE, (24 AUGUST NT) ; Venerable Prince Andrew, in Monasticism Joasaph, of Kubensk, Vologda, Commemorated on September 10; HENRY MARTYN, MISSIONARY AND TRANSLATOR (19 OCT 1812) ; CHARLES SIMEON, TEACHER, PROMOTOR OF MISSIONARY WORK (12 NOV 1836); David du Plessis, PENTECOSTAL SAINT, 1987, Commemorated February 2 ; CHARLES FREER ANDREWS, PRIEST AND ÃƒÂƒÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÂ‚Ã‚Â€ÃƒÂ‚Ã‚ÂœFRIEND OF THE POORÃƒÂƒÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÂ‚Ã‚Â€ÃƒÂ‚Ã‚ÂÂÂÂ IN INDIA, 1940, Commemorated February 12; St Mariamne the sister of the Apostle Philip, Commemorated February 17 ; Smith Wigglesworth, PENTECOSTAL SAINT, 1947, Commemorated March 12 ; CHARLES SIMEON, TEACHER, PROMOTOR OF MISSIONARY WORK (12 NOV 1836); BARTHOLOMEW THE APOSTLE; Icon of the Mother of God Arapet (Arabian), Commemorated September 6 ; Holy, Glorious Apostle Thomas, Commemorated October 6 ; VIDA DUTTON SCUDDER, EDUCATOR AND WITNESS FOR PEACE, (10 October 1954); HENRY MARTYN, MISSIONARY AND TRANSLATOR (19 OCT 1812); WILLIAM CAREY, MISSIONARY TO INDIA, 19 October 1834; Venerable Barlaam, Commemorated on November 19 ; THOMAS THE APOSTLE, (21 DEC NT) ; Apostle Timon the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; CHARLES GORE, BISHOP OF WORCESTER, BIRMINGHAM & OXFORD, 1932, Commemorated January 16 ; RICHARD MEUX BENSON, RELIGIOUS, 1915, Commemorated January 16 ; PANDITA MARY RAMABAI, PROPHETIC WITNESS AND EVANGELIST IN INDIA, 1922, Commemorated April 5 ; ADONIRAM JUDSON, MISSIONARY TO BURMA, 1850, Commemorated April 12 ; ROLAND ALLEN, MISSION STRATEGIST, Commemorated June 8 ; Apostle Bartholomew of the Twelve, Commemorated on June 11 ; CHARLES FREER ANDREWS;

British Empire - India
India; FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE, NURSE, RENEWER OF SOCIETY (12 AUGUST 1910); BARTHOLOMEW THE APOSTLE, (24 AUGUST NT) ; Venerable Prince Andrew, in Monasticism Joasaph, of Kubensk, Vologda, Commemorated on September 10; HENRY MARTYN, MISSIONARY AND TRANSLATOR (19 OCT 1812) ; CHARLES SIMEON, TEACHER, PROMOTOR OF MISSIONARY WORK (12 NOV 1836); David du Plessis, PENTECOSTAL SAINT, 1987, Commemorated February 2 ; CHARLES FREER ANDREWS, PRIEST AND ÃƒÂƒÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÂ‚Ã‚Â€ÃƒÂ‚Ã‚ÂœFRIEND OF THE POORÃƒÂƒÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÂ‚Ã‚Â€ÃƒÂ‚Ã‚ÂÂÂÂ IN INDIA, 1940, Commemorated February 12; St Mariamne the sister of the Apostle Philip, Commemorated February 17 ; Smith Wigglesworth, PENTECOSTAL SAINT, 1947, Commemorated March 12 ; CHARLES SIMEON, TEACHER, PROMOTOR OF MISSIONARY WORK (12 NOV 1836); BARTHOLOMEW THE APOSTLE; Icon of the Mother of God Arapet (Arabian), Commemorated September 6 ; Holy, Glorious Apostle Thomas, Commemorated October 6 ; VIDA DUTTON SCUDDER, EDUCATOR AND WITNESS FOR PEACE, (10 October 1954); HENRY MARTYN, MISSIONARY AND TRANSLATOR (19 OCT 1812); WILLIAM CAREY, MISSIONARY TO INDIA, 19 October 1834; Venerable Barlaam, Commemorated on November 19 ; THOMAS THE APOSTLE, (21 DEC NT) ; Apostle Timon the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; CHARLES GORE, BISHOP OF WORCESTER, BIRMINGHAM & OXFORD, 1932, Commemorated January 16 ; RICHARD MEUX BENSON, RELIGIOUS, 1915, Commemorated January 16 ; PANDITA MARY RAMABAI, PROPHETIC WITNESS AND EVANGELIST IN INDIA, 1922, Commemorated April 5 ; ADONIRAM JUDSON, MISSIONARY TO BURMA, 1850, Commemorated April 12 ; ROLAND ALLEN, MISSION STRATEGIST, Commemorated June 8 ; Apostle Bartholomew of the Twelve, Commemorated on June 11 ; CHARLES FREER ANDREWS;

British Empire - Maldives Islands - Indian Ocean Southsouthwest of India
British Empire - Maldives Islands - Indian Ocean Southsouthwest of India; CHARLES SIMEON, TEACHER, PROMOTOR OF MISSIONARY WORK (12 NOV 1836)

British Empire, India (including Pakistan)
British Empire; CHARLES FREER ANDREWS, PRIEST AND ÂœFRIEND OF THE POOR ÂÂ IN INDIA, 1940, Commemorated February 12; CHARLES SIMEON, TEACHER, PROMOTOR OF MISSIONARY WORK (12 NOV 1836); CHARLES GORE, BISHOP OF WORCESTER, BIRMINGHAM & OXFORD, 1932, Commemorated January 16 ;

India, 1st Century, Apostle Thomas
India, 1st Century, Apostle Thomas; Holy, Glorious Apostle Thomas, Commemorated on October 6

India, 30-376, Kushan Empire,
India, 30-375, Kushan Empire, 30-376; Venerable Barlaam, Commemorated on November 19;

India, 1434-1961, Portuguese India
India, Portuguese India,1434-1961 ;

India, 1605-1825, Dutch India (Ceylon and Malabar Coast)
India,1605-1825, Dutch India ;

India, 1612-1947, British India
British India,1612-1947;

India, 1620-1869, Danish India, East Coast North to South
India,1620-1869, Danish India ;

India, 1769-1954, French India (Only 200 sq. miles on Southeast Coast
India,1769-1954, French India;

Bay of Bengal

Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean (near India)
Indian Ocean

Indian Ocean (full view from the center)
Indian Ocean

India 33-1967, India History Folder

India, 000, 1st Century Folder, Apostles Thomas and Bartholomew, Buddhist Kushan Empire till 376

India, 30-376, and Afghanistan, Kushan Empire, Buddaist and Zoroastrian, trade with R Empire, Persia, and China
India, 30-375, Kushan Empire, 30-376; Kushan Empire was a syncretic empire, formed by the Yuezhi, in the Bactrian territories in the early 1st century. It spread to encompass much of modern-day territory of Afghanistan, Pakistan and northern India,[16] at least as far as Saketa and Sarnath near Varanasi (Benares), where inscriptions have been found dating to the era of the Kushan Emperor Kanishka the Great.[17] Emperor Kanishka and the Kushans in general were great patrons of Buddhism, as well as Zoroastrianism.[18] They played an important role in the establishment of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent and its spread to Central Asia and China. Kushans were most probably one of five branches of the Yuezhi confederation,[19][20] an Indo-European nomadic people of possible Tocharian[21][22][23][24][25] origin, who migrated from northwestern China (Xinjiang and Gansu) and settled in ancient Bactria.[20] Kushans possibly used the Greek language initially for administrative purposes, but soon began to use Bactrian language.[7] Kanishka sent his armies north of the Karakoram mountains. A direct road from Gandhara to China remained under Kushan control for more than a century, encouraging travel across the Karakoram and facilitating the spread of Mahayana Buddhism to China. Kushan dynasty had diplomatic contacts with the Roman Empire, Sasanian Persia, the Aksumite Empire and the Han dynasty of China. The Kushan Empire was at the center of trade relations between the Roman Empire and China: according to Alain Danilou, "for a time, the Kushana Empire was the centerpoint of the major civilizations".[26] While much philosophy, art, and science was created within its borders, the only textual record of the empire's history today comes from inscriptions and accounts in other languages, particularly Chinese.[27] Kushan empire fragmented into semi-independent kingdoms in the 3rd century AD, which fell to the Sasanians invading from the west, establishing the Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom in the areas of Sogdiana, Bactria and Gandhara. In the 4th century, the Guptas, an Indian dynasty also pressed from the east. The last of the Kushan and Kushano-Sasanian kingdoms were eventually overwhelmed by invaders from the north, known as the Kidarites, and then the Hephthalites.[12]

India, 30-80, Kushan Emperor, Kujula Kadphises, founder of the Kushan E
India, Kushan Emperor, 30-80, Kujula Kadphises; Kadphises (reigned 30-“80 CE, or 40-90 CE according to Bopearachchi[1]) was a Kushan prince who united the Yuezhi confederation during the 1st century CE, and became the first Kushan emperor. According to the Rabatak inscription, he was the great grandfather of the great Kushan king Kanishka I. He is considered the founder of the Kushan Empire.[1]

India, 38-72, THOMAS, Madras, Doubting Thomas, p loyal, aTouching greatest apostle, many places&arab icon appearances
India, 38-72, Apostle Thomas, Madras, absent when Jesus appeared on Easter Day, refused tBelieve resurrection, until he saw him and said My Lord..., Doubting Thomas, but previously proven loyal, let us also go..., at last supper said we don't know where you go, How do we know the way, Jesus said I am the way, preached in india, Kerla district, Madras, still Christians there connected to Thomas, From OCA Thomas fPansata Galilee, fisherman, hearing Jesus he left all and followed him, one of the 12, not present Pascha, unless I see his hands, 8days later My Lord My God, Thomas toiled more bravely zealously tirelessly than them all, he went to nearly al the earth's people, tPalestine Mesopotamia Parthia Ethiopia and India, died as martyr after converting wife son Perfect oMelipur, his relics to India Hungary Mt Athos, Arabian Icon appeared to him in Ethiopia Arabia & India; Holy, Glorious Apostle Thomas, Commemorated on October 6, ; East Africa, 1st Century, Apostle Thomas; the Apostle was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus according to the New Testament. Thomas is commonly known as "Doubting Thomas" because he doubted Jesus' resurrection when first told of it (as related in the Gospel of John alone); later, he confessed his faith ("My Lord and my God") on seeing Jesus' crucifixion wounds. to traditional accounts of the Saint Thomas Christians of modern-day Kerala in India, Thomas is believed to have travelled outside the Roman Empire to preach the Gospel, travelling as far as the Tamilakam which is in South India.[1][5][6][7] According to their tradition, Thomas reached Muziris of Tamilakam (modern-day North Paravur and Kodungalloor in Kerala State, India) in AD 52.[8][9][1] In 1258, some of the relics were brought to Ortona, in Abruzzo, Italy, where they have been held in the Church of Saint Thomas the Apostle.[10] He is often regarded as the patron saint of India among its Christian adherents,[11][12] and the Feast of Saint Thomas on July 3 is celebrated as Indian Christian Day by believers belonging to many Christian denominations.[13][14] The name Thomas remains quite popular among the Saint Thomas Christians of the Indian subcontinent. Arapet Icon of the Mother of God, Commemorated on September 6; Arapet, or “Arabian” Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos appeared while the holy Apostle Thomas (October 6) was evangelizing Ethiopia, Arabia, and India. of the usual three stars (signifying the perpetual virginity of the Mother of God), the outer garment of the Theotokos has three circles with the head of an angel inside each one. In this feature, it resembles the icons “In Giving Birth you Preserved your Virginity” (“A Virgin Before and After Giving Birth”) (October 17) and “O All-Hymned Mother” (October 6). Holy, Glorious Apostle Thomas, Commemorated on October 6, From OCA Thomas fPansata Galilee, fisherman, hearing Jesus he left all and followed him, one of the 12, not present Pascha, unless I see his hands, 8days later My Lord My God, Thomas toiled more bravely zealously tirelessly than them all, he went to nearly al the earth's people, tPalestine Mesopotamia Parthia Ethiopia and India, died as martyr after converting wife son Perfect oMelipur, his relics to India Hungary Mt Athos, Arabian Icon appeared to him in Ethiopia Arabia & India; Holy and Glorious Apostle Thomas was born in the Galilean city of Pansada was a fisherman. the good tidings of Jesus Christ, he left all and followed after Him. Apostle Thomas is included in the number of the holy Twelve Apostles of the Savior. to Holy Scripture, the holy Apostle Thomas did not believe the reports of the other disciples about the Resurrection of Jesus Christ: “Unless I see in His hands the print of the nails, and put my finger into the print of the nails, and thrust my hand into His side, I will not believe” (John 20:25). the eighth day after the Resurrection, the Lord appeared to the Apostle Thomas and showed him His wounds. “My Lord and my God,” the Apostle cried out (John 20:28). “Thomas, being once weaker in faith than the other apostles,” says Saint John Chrysostom, “toiled through the grace of God more bravely, more zealously and tirelessly than them all, that he went preaching over nearly all the earth, not fearing to proclaim the Word of God to savage nations.” icons depicting this event are inscribed “The Doubting Thomas.” is incorrect. In Greek, the inscription reads, “The Touching of Thomas.” Slavonic, it says, “The Belief of Thomas.” Saint Thomas touched the Life-giving side of the Lord, he no longer had any doubts. to Church Tradition, the holy Apostle Thomas founded Christian churches in Palestine, Mesopotamia, Parthia, Ethiopia and India. the Gospel earned him a martyr’s death. having converted the wife and son of the prefect of the Indian city of Meliapur [Melipur], the holy apostle was locked up in prison, suffered torture, and finally, pierced with five spears, he departed to the Lord. of the relics of the holy Apostle Thomas are in India, in Hungary and on Mt. Athos. name of the Apostle Thomas is associated with the Arabian (or Arapet) Icon of the Mother of God (September 6). THOMAS THE APOSTLE, (21 DEC NT); Apostle Thomas (Hebrew or Aramaic for "twin") was also called "Didymus" (Greek for "twin"). was absent when the Risen Lord appeared to the other apostles on the evening of Easter Day, refused to believe that Christ had indeed risen until he had seen him for himself, when he had seen Him, he said to Him, "My Lord and My God." (John 20:19-29) of this episode, he has been known ever since as "Doubting Thomas." we ought also to remember his earlier words, when Jesus announced His intention of going to the Jerusalem area, aside the protests of His disciples that His life was in danger there, at which Thomas said to the others: us also go, that we may die with him." (John 11:7,8,16) Thomas was pessimistic, he was also sturdily loyal. the Last Supper, Jesus said: "I go to prepare a place for you.... And whither I go ye know, and the way ye know." replied: "Lord, we know not whither thou goest, and how can we know the way?" this Jesus answered: "I am the way, the truth and the life." (John 14:1-6) Thomas is mentioned again (John 21) as one of the seven disciples who were fishing on the Sea of Galilee (Sea of Tiberias) when the Risen Lord appeared to them. from this he appears in the New Testament only as a name on lists of the Apostles. couple of centuries later a story was circulating in the Mediterranean world that he had gone to preach in India; there is a Christian community in India (the Kerala district) that claims descent from Christians converted by the the preaching of Thomas. tradition among Christians in India is that Thomas was speared to death near Madras, accordingly he is often pictured holding a spear. Paintings of martyrs often show them holding or accompanied by the instruments with which they were put to death. recently discovered work called the Gospel of Thomas is a collection of sayings attributed to Jesus. I know of no scholarly support for the notion that it is the work of the Apostle Thomas, but some scholars think that some of the sayings in it may be authentic sayings of Jesus. POEM These things did Thomas hold for real: the warmth of blood, the chill of steel, the grain of wood, the heft of stone, the last frail twitch of blood and bone. His brittle certainties denied that one could live when one had died, until his fingers read like Braille the markings of the spear and nail. May we, O God, by grace believe and, in believing, still receive the Christ who held His raw palms out and beckoned Thomas from his doubt. (Thomas Troeger, 1984, Psalter/Hymnal of the Christian Reformed Church) by James Kiefer

India, 38-72, Arab Icon, Appeared to Apostle Thomas
Arabs, 38-43, Arab Icon, Appeared to Apostle Thomas; Arapet, or “Arabian” Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos appeared while the holy Apostle Thomas (October 6) was evangelizing Ethiopia, Arabia, and India. of the usual three stars (signifying the perpetual virginity of the Mother of God), the outer garment of the Theotokos has three circles with the head of an angel inside each one. In this feature, it resembles the icons “In Giving Birth you Preserved your Virginity” (“A Virgin Before and After Giving Birth”) (October 17) and “O All-Hymned Mother” (October 6). East Africa, 1st Century, Apostle Thomas; the Apostle was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus according to the New Testament. Thomas is commonly known as "Doubting Thomas" because he doubted Jesus' resurrection when first told of it (as related in the Gospel of John alone); later, he confessed his faith ("My Lord and my God") on seeing Jesus' crucifixion wounds. to traditional accounts of the Saint Thomas Christians of modern-day Kerala in India, Thomas is believed to have travelled outside the Roman Empire to preach the Gospel, travelling as far as the Tamilakam which is in South India.[1][5][6][7] According to their tradition, Thomas reached Muziris of Tamilakam (modern-day North Paravur and Kodungalloor in Kerala State, India) in AD 52.[8][9][1] In 1258, some of the relics were brought to Ortona, in Abruzzo, Italy, where they have been held in the Church of Saint Thomas the Apostle.[10] He is often regarded as the patron saint of India among its Christian adherents,[11][12] and the Feast of Saint Thomas on July 3 is celebrated as Indian Christian Day by believers belonging to many Christian denominations.[13][14] The name Thomas remains quite popular among the Saint Thomas Christians of the Indian subcontinent. Arapet Icon of the Mother of God, Commemorated on September 6; Arapet, or “Arabian” Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos appeared while the holy Apostle Thomas (October 6) was evangelizing Ethiopia, Arabia, and India. of the usual three stars (signifying the perpetual virginity of the Mother of God), the outer garment of the Theotokos has three circles with the head of an angel inside each one. In this feature, it resembles the icons “In Giving Birth you Preserved your Virginity” (“A Virgin Before and After Giving Birth”) (October 17) and “O All-Hymned Mother” (October 6). Holy, Glorious Apostle Thomas, Commemorated on October 6; Holy and Glorious Apostle Thomas was born in the Galilean city of Pansada and was a fisherman. Hearing the good tidings of Jesus Christ, he left all and followed after Him. The Apostle Thomas is included in the number of the holy Twelve Apostles of the Savior. to Holy Scripture, the holy Apostle Thomas did not believe the reports of the other disciples about the Resurrection of Jesus Christ: “Unless I see in His hands the print of the nails, and put my finger into the print of the nails, and thrust my hand into His side, I will not believe” (John 20:25). the eighth day after the Resurrection, the Lord appeared to the Apostle Thomas and showed him His wounds. “My Lord and my God,” the Apostle cried out (John 20:28). “Thomas, being once weaker in faith than the other apostles,” says Saint John Chrysostom, “toiled through the grace of God more bravely, more zealously and tirelessly than them all, so that he went preaching over nearly all the earth, not fearing to proclaim the Word of God to savage nations.” icons depicting this event are inscribed “The Doubting Thomas.” This is incorrect. In Greek, the inscription reads, “The Touching of Thomas.” In Slavonic, it says, “The Belief of Thomas.” When Saint Thomas touched the Life-giving side of the Lord, he no longer had any doubts. to Church Tradition, the holy Apostle Thomas founded Christian churches in Palestine, Mesopotamia, Parthia, Ethiopia and India. Preaching the Gospel earned him a martyr’s death. For having converted the wife and son of the prefect of the Indian city of Meliapur [Melipur], the holy apostle was locked up in prison, suffered torture, and finally, pierced with five spears, he departed to the Lord. Part of the relics of the holy Apostle Thomas are in India, in Hungary and on Mt. Athos. The name of the Apostle Thomas is associated with the Arabian (or Arapet) Icon of the Mother of God (September 6).

India, 54-91, Saint, Bartholomew, some writers say he preached in India
have no certain information about Bartholomew's later life. Some writers, including the historian Eusebius of Caesarea (now Har Qesari, 32:30 N 34:54 E, near Sedot Yam), say that he preached in India. BARTHOLOMEW THE APOSTLE, (24 AUGUST NT); name "Bartholomew" appears in the New Testament only on lists of the names of the twelve apostles. This list normally is given as six pairs, and the third pair in each of the Synoptics is "Philip and Bartholomew" (M 10:3; P 3:18; L 6:14; but A 1:15). gives no list of the Twelve, but refers to more of them individually than the Synoptists. He does not name Bartholomew, but early in his account (John 1:43-50) he tells of the call to discipleship of a Nathaniel who is often supposed to be the same person. The reasoning is as follows: John's Nathanael is introduced as one of the earliest followers of Jesus, and in terms which suggest that he became one of the Twelve. He is clearly not the same as Peter, Andrew, James, John, Philip, Thomas, Judas Iscariot, Judas (not Iscariot, also called Lebbaeus or Thaddeus), all of whom John names separately. He is not Matthew, whose call is described differently (M 9:9). This leaves Bartholomew, James the son of Alpheus, and Simon Zelotes. Of these, Bartholomew is the leading candidate for two reasons: (1) "Bar-tholomew" is a patronymic, meaning "son of Tolmai (or Talmai)." It is therefore likely that he had another name. (A historical novel which may not be well researched informs me that a first-century Jew would be likely to use the patronymic instead of the forename as a mark of respect in speaking to a significantly older Jew.) "Nathanael son of Tolmai" seems more likely than "Nathanael also called James (or Simon)." (2) Nathanael is introduced in John's narrative as a friend of Philip. Since Bartholomew is paired with Philip on three of our four lists of Apostles, it seems likely that they were associated. St. Bartholomew, by Michaelangelo have no certain information about Bartholomew's later life. Some writers, including the historian Eusebius of Caesarea (now Har Qesari, 32:30 N 34:54 E, near Sedot Yam), say that he preached in India. The majority tradition, with varying details, is that Bartholomew preached in Armenia, and was finally skinned alive and beheaded to Albanus or Albanopolis (now Derbent, 42:03 N 48:18 E) on the Caspian Sea. His emblem in art is a flaying knife. The flayed Bartholomew can be seen in Michelangelo's Sistine painting of the Last Judgement. He is holding his skin. The face on the skin is generally considered to be a self-portrait of Michelangelo. by James Kiefer Indian Saint, 54-91, Bartholomew; was one of the twelve apostles of Jesus according to the New Testament. He has also been identified as Nathanael or Nathaniel,[2] who appears in the Gospel of John when introduced to Jesus by Philip (who also became an apostle; John 1:43–51), although many modern commentators reject the identification of Nathanael with Bartholomew.[3] to the Synaxarium of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, Bartholomew's martyrdom is commemorated on the first day of the Coptic calendar (i.e., the first day of the month of Thout), which currently falls on September 11 (corresponding to August 29 in the Julian calendar). Eastern Christianity honours him on June 11 and the Catholic Church honours him on August 24. the Apostle is remembered in the Church of England with a Festival on 24 August.[4][5] Armenian Apostolic Church honours Saint Bartholomew along with Saint Thaddeus as its patron saints. Bartholomew is English for Bar Talmai comes from the Aramaic: bar-Tolmay native to Hebrew "son of Talmai", or farmer, "son of the furrows".[6] Bartholomew is listed among the Twelve Apostles of Jesus in the three synoptic gospels: Matthew,[10:1–4] Mark,[3:13–19] and Luke,[6:12–16] and also appears as one of the witnesses of the Ascension;[Acts 1:4, 12, 13] on each occasion, however, he is named in the company of Philip. He is not mentioned by the name "Bartholomew" in the Gospel of John, nor are there any early acta,[a] the earliest being written by a pseudepigraphical writer, Pseudo-Abdias, who assumed the identity of Abdias of Babylon and to whom is attributed the Saint-Thierry (Reims, Bibl. mun., ms 142) and Pseudo-Abdias manuscripts.[7][8] art Bartholomew is most commonly depicted with a beard and curly hair at the time of his martyrdom. According to legends he was skinned alive and beheaded so is often depicted holding his flayed skin or the curved flensing knife with which he was skinned; thus he is remembered and approved as saint of leather makers. [9] Armenian King, 54-91, Triadates I; BARTHOLOMEW THE APOSTLE, (24 AUGUST NT); name "Bartholomew" appears in the New Testament only on lists of the names of the twelve apostles. This list normally is given as six pairs, and the third pair in each of the Synoptics is "Philip and Bartholomew" (M 10:3; P 3:18; L 6:14; but A 1:15). gives no list of the Twelve, but refers to more of them individually than the Synoptists. He does not name Bartholomew, but early in his account (John 1:43-50) he tells of the call to discipleship of a Nathaniel who is often supposed to be the same person. The reasoning is as follows: John's Nathanael is introduced as one of the earliest followers of Jesus, and in terms which suggest that he became one of the Twelve. He is clearly not the same as Peter, Andrew, James, John, Philip, Thomas, Judas Iscariot, Judas (not Iscariot, also called Lebbaeus or Thaddeus), all of whom John names separately. He is not Matthew, whose call is described differently (M 9:9). This leaves Bartholomew, James the son of Alpheus, and Simon Zelotes. Of these, Bartholomew is the leading candidate for two reasons: (1) "Bar-tholomew" is a patronymic, meaning "son of Tolmai (or Talmai)." It is therefore likely that he had another name. (A historical novel which may not be well researched informs me that a first-century Jew would be likely to use the patronymic instead of the forename as a mark of respect in speaking to a significantly older Jew.) "Nathanael son of Tolmai" seems more likely than "Nathanael also called James (or Simon)." (2) Nathanael is introduced in John's narrative as a friend of Philip. Since Bartholomew is paired with Philip on three of our four lists of Apostles, it seems likely that they were associated. St. Bartholomew, by Michaelangelo have no certain information about Bartholomew's later life. Some writers, including the historian Eusebius of Caesarea (now Har Qesari, 32:30 N 34:54 E, near Sedot Yam), say that he preached in India. The majority tradition, with varying details, is that Bartholomew preached in Armenia, and was finally skinned alive and beheaded to Albanus or Albanopolis (now Derbent, 42:03 N 48:18 E) on the Caspian Sea. His emblem in art is a flaying knife. The flayed Bartholomew can be seen in Michelangelo's Sistine painting of the Last Judgement. He is holding his skin. The face on the skin is generally considered to be a self-portrait of Michelangelo. by James Kiefer Apostle Bartholomew of the Twelve, Commemorated on June 11 ; Holy Apostle Bartholomew was born at Cana of Galilee and was one of the Twelve Apostles of Christ. After the Descent of the Holy Spirit on the Day of Pentecost, it fell by lot to the holy Apostles Bartholomew and Philip (November 14) to preach the Gospel in Syria and Asia Minor. In their preaching they wandered through various cities, and then met up again. Accompanying the holy Apostle Philip was his sister, the holy virgin Saint Mariamnne. the cities of Syria and Myzia, they underwent much hardship and tribulations, they were stoned and they were locked up in prison. In one of the villages they met up with the Apostle John the Theologian, and together they set off to Phrygia. In the city of Hieropolis by the power of their prayers they destroyed an enormous viper, which the pagans worshipped as a god. The holy Apostles Bartholomew and Philip with his sister confirmed their preaching with many miracles. Hieropolis there lived a man by the name of Stachys, who had been blind for 40 years. When he received healing, he then believed in Christ and was baptized. News of this spread throughout the city, and a multitude of the people thronged to the house where the apostles were staying. The sick and those beset by demons were released from their infirmities, and many were baptized. The city prefect gave orders to arrest the preachers and throw them in prison, and to burn down the house of Stachys. At the trial pagan priests came forth with the complaint that the strangers were turning people away from the worship of the ancestral gods. that perhaps some sort of magic power was hidden away in the clothes of the apostles, the prefect gave orders to strip them. But Saint Mariamne became like a fiery torch before their eyes, and none dared touch her. They sentenced the saints to death. The Apostle Philip was crucified upside down. Suddenly there was an earthquake, and a fissure in the earth swallowed up the prefect of the city, together with the pagan priests and many of the people. Others took fright and rushed to take down the apostles from the crosses. Since the Apostle Bartholomew had not been suspended very high, they soon managed to take him down. The Apostle Philip, however, had died. After making Stachys Bishop of Hieropolis, the Apostle Bartholomew and Saint Mariamne left the city and moved on. the Word of God, Mariamne arrived in Lykaonia, where she peacefully died (February 17). The Apostle Bartholomew went to India, where he translated the Gospel of Matthew into their language, and he converted many pagans to Christ. He also visited Greater Armenia (the country between the River Kura and the upper stretches of the Tigrus and Euphrates Rivers), where he worked many miracles and healed the daughter of King Polymios from the demons afflicting her. In gratitude, the king sent gifts to the apostle, who refused to accept them, saying that he sought only the salvation of the souls of mankind. Polymios together with his wife, daughter, and many of those close to them accepted Baptism. And people from more than ten cities of Greater Armenia followed their example. But through the intrigues of the pagan priests, the Apostle Bartholomew was seized by the king’s brother Astiagus in the city of Alban (now the city of Baku), and crucified upside down. But even from the cross he did not cease to proclaim the good news about Christ the Savior. Finally, on orders from Astiagus, they flayed the skin from the Apostle Bartholomew and cut off his head. Believers placed his relics in a leaden coffin and buried him. about the year 508 the holy relics of the Apostle Bartholomew were transferred to Mesopotamia, to the city of Dara. When the Persians seized the city in 574, Christians took the relics of the Apostle Bartholomew with them when they fled to the shores of the Black Sea. But since the enemy overtook them there, they were compelled to leave the coffin behind, and the pagans threw it into the sea. By the power of God the coffin miraculously arrived on the island of Lipari. In the ninth century, after the taking of the island by the Arabs, the holy relics were transferred to the Neapolitan city of Beneventum in Italy, and in the tenth century part of the relics were transferred to Rome. holy Apostle Bartholomew is mentioned in the Life of Saint Joseph the Hymnographer (April 4). Having received from a certain man part of the relics of the Apostle Bartholomew, Saint Joseph conveyed them to his own monastery near Constantinople, and he built a church in the name of the Apostle Bartholomew, placing in it a portion of the relics. Saint Joseph ardently desired to compose hymns of praise in honor of the saint, and he fervently besought God to grant him the ability to do so. the Feast day in memory of the Apostle Bartholomew, Saint Joseph saw him at the altar. He beckoned to Joseph and took the holy Gospel from the altar table and pressed it to his bosom with the words, “May the Lord bless you, and may your song delight the whole world.â€ And from that time Saint Joseph began to write hymns and canons to adorn not only the Feast day of the Apostle Bartholomew, but also the Feast days of many other saints, composing about 300 canons in all. Saints John Chrysostom, Cyril of Alexandria, Epiphanius of Cyprus and certain other teachers of the Church regard the Apostle Bartholomew as being the same person as Nathanael (John 1:45-51, 21:2).

India, 54-91, Bartholomew, lot for Syria & Asia Minor, 10 cities in Armenia, healed King's daughter, crucified u d
Armenian Saint, 54-91, Bartholomew; also visited Greater Armenia (the country between the River Kura and the upper stretches of the Tigrus and Euphrates Rivers), where he worked many miracles and healed the daughter of King Polymios from the demons afflicting her. In gratitude, the king sent gifts to the apostle, who refused to accept them, saying that he sought only the salvation of the souls of mankind. Polymios together with his wife, daughter, and many of those close to them accepted Baptism. And people from more than ten cities of Greater Armenia followed their example. through the intrigues of the pagan priests, the Apostle Bartholomew was seized by the king’s brother Astiagus in the city of Alban (now the city of Baku), and crucified upside down. But even from the cross he did not cease to proclaim the good news about Christ the Savior. Finally, on orders from Astiagus, they flayed the skin from the Apostle Bartholomew and cut off his head. Believers placed his relics in a leaden coffin and buried him. Armenian King, 54-91, Triadates I; BARTHOLOMEW THE APOSTLE, (24 AUGUST NT); name "Bartholomew" appears in the New Testament only on lists of the names of the twelve apostles. This list normally is given as six pairs, and the third pair in each of the Synoptics is "Philip and Bartholomew" (M 10:3; P 3:18; L 6:14; but A 1:15). gives no list of the Twelve, but refers to more of them individually than the Synoptists. He does not name Bartholomew, but early in his account (John 1:43-50) he tells of the call to discipleship of a Nathaniel who is often supposed to be the same person. The reasoning is as follows: John's Nathanael is introduced as one of the earliest followers of Jesus, and in terms which suggest that he became one of the Twelve. He is clearly not the same as Peter, Andrew, James, John, Philip, Thomas, Judas Iscariot, Judas (not Iscariot, also called Lebbaeus or Thaddeus), all of whom John names separately. He is not Matthew, whose call is described differently (M 9:9). This leaves Bartholomew, James the son of Alpheus, and Simon Zelotes. Of these, Bartholomew is the leading candidate for two reasons: (1) "Bar-tholomew" is a patronymic, meaning "son of Tolmai (or Talmai)." It is therefore likely that he had another name. (A historical novel which may not be well researched informs me that a first-century Jew would be likely to use the patronymic instead of the forename as a mark of respect in speaking to a significantly older Jew.) "Nathanael son of Tolmai" seems more likely than "Nathanael also called James (or Simon)." (2) Nathanael is introduced in John's narrative as a friend of Philip. Since Bartholomew is paired with Philip on three of our four lists of Apostles, it seems likely that they were associated. St. Bartholomew, by Michaelangelo have no certain information about Bartholomew's later life. Some writers, including the historian Eusebius of Caesarea (now Har Qesari, 32:30 N 34:54 E, near Sedot Yam), say that he preached in India. The majority tradition, with varying details, is that Bartholomew preached in Armenia, and was finally skinned alive and beheaded to Albanus or Albanopolis (now Derbent, 42:03 N 48:18 E) on the Caspian Sea. His emblem in art is a flaying knife. The flayed Bartholomew can be seen in Michelangelo's Sistine painting of the Last Judgement. He is holding his skin. The face on the skin is generally considered to be a self-portrait of Michelangelo. by James Kiefer Apostle Bartholomew of the Twelve, Commemorated on June 11 ; Holy Apostle Bartholomew was born at Cana of Galilee and was one of the Twelve Apostles of Christ. After the Descent of the Holy Spirit on the Day of Pentecost, it fell by lot to the holy Apostles Bartholomew and Philip (November 14) to preach the Gospel in Syria and Asia Minor. In their preaching they wandered through various cities, and then met up again. Accompanying the holy Apostle Philip was his sister, the holy virgin Saint Mariamnne. the cities of Syria and Myzia, they underwent much hardship and tribulations, they were stoned and they were locked up in prison. In one of the villages they met up with the Apostle John the Theologian, and together they set off to Phrygia. In the city of Hieropolis by the power of their prayers they destroyed an enormous viper, which the pagans worshipped as a god. The holy Apostles Bartholomew and Philip with his sister confirmed their preaching with many miracles. Hieropolis there lived a man by the name of Stachys, who had been blind for 40 years. When he received healing, he then believed in Christ and was baptized. News of this spread throughout the city, and a multitude of the people thronged to the house where the apostles were staying. The sick and those beset by demons were released from their infirmities, and many were baptized. The city prefect gave orders to arrest the preachers and throw them in prison, and to burn down the house of Stachys. At the trial pagan priests came forth with the complaint that the strangers were turning people away from the worship of the ancestral gods. that perhaps some sort of magic power was hidden away in the clothes of the apostles, the prefect gave orders to strip them. But Saint Mariamne became like a fiery torch before their eyes, and none dared touch her. They sentenced the saints to death. The Apostle Philip was crucified upside down. Suddenly there was an earthquake, and a fissure in the earth swallowed up the prefect of the city, together with the pagan priests and many of the people. Others took fright and rushed to take down the apostles from the crosses. Since the Apostle Bartholomew had not been suspended very high, they soon managed to take him down. The Apostle Philip, however, had died. After making Stachys Bishop of Hieropolis, the Apostle Bartholomew and Saint Mariamne left the city and moved on. the Word of God, Mariamne arrived in Lykaonia, where she peacefully died (February 17). The Apostle Bartholomew went to India, where he translated the Gospel of Matthew into their language, and he converted many pagans to Christ. He also visited Greater Armenia (the country between the River Kura and the upper stretches of the Tigrus and Euphrates Rivers), where he worked many miracles and healed the daughter of King Polymios from the demons afflicting her. In gratitude, the king sent gifts to the apostle, who refused to accept them, saying that he sought only the salvation of the souls of mankind. Polymios together with his wife, daughter, and many of those close to them accepted Baptism. And people from more than ten cities of Greater Armenia followed their example. But through the intrigues of the pagan priests, the Apostle Bartholomew was seized by the king’s brother Astiagus in the city of Alban (now the city of Baku), and crucified upside down. But even from the cross he did not cease to proclaim the good news about Christ the Savior. Finally, on orders from Astiagus, they flayed the skin from the Apostle Bartholomew and cut off his head. Believers placed his relics in a leaden coffin and buried him. about the year 508 the holy relics of the Apostle Bartholomew were transferred to Mesopotamia, to the city of Dara. When the Persians seized the city in 574, Christians took the relics of the Apostle Bartholomew with them when they fled to the shores of the Black Sea. But since the enemy overtook them there, they were compelled to leave the coffin behind, and the pagans threw it into the sea. By the power of God the coffin miraculously arrived on the island of Lipari. In the ninth century, after the taking of the island by the Arabs, the holy relics were transferred to the Neapolitan city of Beneventum in Italy, and in the tenth century part of the relics were transferred to Rome. holy Apostle Bartholomew is mentioned in the Life of Saint Joseph the Hymnographer (April 4). Having received from a certain man part of the relics of the Apostle Bartholomew, Saint Joseph conveyed them to his own monastery near Constantinople, and he built a church in the name of the Apostle Bartholomew, placing in it a portion of the relics. Saint Joseph ardently desired to compose hymns of praise in honor of the saint, and he fervently besought God to grant him the ability to do so. the Feast day in memory of the Apostle Bartholomew, Saint Joseph saw him at the altar. He beckoned to Joseph and took the holy Gospel from the altar table and pressed it to his bosom with the words, “May the Lord bless you, and may your song delight the whole world.” And from that time Saint Joseph began to write hymns and canons to adorn not only the Feast day of the Apostle Bartholomew, but also the Feast days of many other saints, composing about 300 canons in all. Saints John Chrysostom, Cyril of Alexandria, Epiphanius of Cyprus and certain other teachers of the Church regard the Apostle Bartholomew as being the same person as Nathanael (John 1:45-51, 21:2).

India, Kushan Emperor, 80-90, Vima Takto
India, Kushan Emperor, 80-90, Vima Takto ; Venerable Barlaam, Commemorated on November 19;

India, Kushan Emperor, 90-100, Vima Kadphises
India, Kushan Emperor, 90-100, Vima Kadphises; Venerable Barlaam, Commemorated on November 19;

India, 100, 2nd Century History Folder, Buddhist Kushan Empire

India, Kushan Emperor, 100-140, Kanishka, Buddist
India, Kushan Emperor, 100-140, Kanishka ; Venerable Barlaam, Commemorated on November 19;

India, Kushan Emperor, 140-180, Huvishka
India, Kushan Emperor, 140-180, Huvishka ; Venerable Barlaam, Commemorated on November 19;

India, Kushan Emperor, 180-232, Vasudeva I
India, Kushan Emperor, 180-232, Vasudeva I ; Venerable Barlaam, Commemorated on November 19;

India, 200, 3rd Century History Folder, Buddhist, Christian, Sasanian Kushan Empire, Saints Barlaam, Josaphat

India, 224-242, Ardashir I, Kushan Sasanian Emperor
India, Kushan Sasanian Emperor, 224-242, Ardashir I ; Venerable Barlaam, Commemorated on November 19;

India, 224-242, Barlaam and Josaphat, Kushan Saints
India, Kushan Saints, 78-78, Barlaam and Josaphat ; Venerable Barlaam, Commemorated on November 19;

India, 232-245, Kanishka II, Kushan Emperor
India, Kushan Emperor, 232-245, Kanishka II ; Venerable Barlaam, Commemorated on November 19;

India, 245-265, Vasiska, Kushan Emperor
India, Kushan Emperor, 245-265, Vasiska; Venerable Barlaam, Commemorated on November 19;

India, 265-275, Kanishka III, Kushan Emperor
India, Kushan Emperor, 265-275, Kanishka III ; Venerable Barlaam, Commemorated on November 19;

India, 275-300, Vasudeva II, Kushan Emperor
India, Kushan Emperor, 275-300, Vasudeva II ; Venerable Barlaam, Commemorated on November 19;

India, 300, 4th Century History Folder, Buddhist Christian Kushan Empire

India, 300-350, Shaka Kushan, Kushan Emperor
India, Kushan Emperor, 300-350, Shaka Kushan; Venerable Barlaam, Commemorated on November 19;

India, 323-337, Barlaam tMonk & Prince Ioasaph of India, B revelation to visit I, Gem story&more
India, 323-337, Barlaam tMonk & Prince Ioasaph of India, Constantine's time, K Abenner hated Christians, decree, monks expecially, prophecy aI's birth, not suceed but better Christ's kingdom, I separated in huge palace, tutors only, only pleasant things, Hieromonk Barlaam led by revelation to visit Ioasaph. disguised as merchant w precious gem approached h best friend tTutor. weak eyes would be ruined by seeing the gem. only strong eyes and virtue. B allowed to see I. I realiezed Christ the precious pearl, B witnessed and baptized. ; Saints Barlaam the monk and Prince Ioasaph of India, Commemorated on November 19; Christian monks are mentioned in The Lives of Saints Barlaam and Ioasaph (November 19), by Saint John of Damascus (December 4). suffered in the IV century when King Abenner ruled India. hated Christians because they were converting his people to Christ, and some of them even became monks. King issued a decree ordering all Christians to renounce their Faith at once, threatening to torture and kill them if they did not comply. He had a special hatred for the monks, and persecuted them without mercy. Some Christians, unable to endure the torments, submitted to the King's decree, but the monks rebuked him for his wickedness. Some of them fled into the deserts and mountains, while others chose martyrdom. his son Ioasaph was born, King Abenner rejoiced and prepared a feast for his people. the guests were fifty-five astrologers, who were asked to predict the child's future. They spoke in general terms of great riches and power, saying that he would surpass all who had ruled before him. of them, the wisest of all, said that the child would not succeed Abenner, but instead he would enter a better and greater kingdom. Moreover, the astrologer said that Ioasaph would become a Christian. the King heard this he was angry and sorrowful, and took steps to prevent this from happening. He built a huge palace, and kept his son there. He would not permit anyone to approach the child, except for a few carefully chosen instructors. He charged them not to speak to the Prince about unpleasant topics such as death, old age, sickness, poverty, etc. He wanted them to speak to Ioasaph only about pleasant things. Above all, he did not want his son to hear anything about Christ or His doctrines. the King learned that there were still some monks left, he commanded heralds to go into the city and throughout the countryside and to proclaim that after three days, no monk would be allowed to live there. If any monks were discovered after that time, they would be executed. Barlaam, an experienced monk who was filled with every divine virtue, was led by a revelation from God to visit Prince Ioasaph. conceal his monastic garb, he disguised himself as a merchant. he arrived in the city where the Prince's palace was he remained for several days asking about the Prince and who had access to him. that the Prince's tutor was also his closest friend, he approached him and said that he had a precious gem, which he had never shown to anyone. said, "Now I will reveal this secret to you, seeing that you are wise and prudent, so that you may bring me before the king's son, and I will present it to him." tutor asked Barlaam to show him the gem before he would consent to go to the Prince with such a dubious tale. told him that the gem could not be seen, except by one whose eyesight was strong and sound, and his body undefiled. anyone who lacked these qualities were to gaze upon this precious treasure, he would lose his sight and also his mind. mentioned to the tutor that he had studied medicine, and he could tell that the tutor's eyes were not healthy, and that he did not wish to be the cause of the tutor losing his sight. went on to say that he had heard that the Prince's were healthy, and that he led a life of sobriety. Therefore, Barlaam said that he would show the treasure to the Prince. the palace, the tutor went to the Prince and told him about the merchant and his gem. When the Prince heard these words, he was filled with joy and gladness. He told the tutor to bring the merchant to him. spoke to him of many things, preparing him with parables before revealing that his Master was Christ, the Son of God. also proved to him the futility of idolatry. he told the Prince how God had created the world and everything in it, and how Adam and Eve had disobeyed God, but God promised to send a Redeemer to save people from their sins. He also spoke of Moses, and how God led His people into the Promised land. Then he proceeded to tell Ioasaph about Christ's Incarnation, His Crucifixion, His Death and Resurrection, and His glorious Ascension. Ioasaph came to realize that Barlaam was not describing a marvelous gem, but rather Christ, the Priceless Pearl. continued his instructions for many days in preparation for the Prince's Baptism. Then he baptized the Prince in a garden pool, according to his wish. Afterward, they went into the palace, where Barlaam offered the Bloodless Sacrifice and Ioasaph partook of the Holy Mysteries. years later, the King sent his chief counsellor Araches into the wilderness to search for Saint Barlaam, who had baptized Ioasaph. searched the deserts and remote places without finding him. They did happen to encounter seventeen monks, however, walking at the foot of a mountain. They were seized by the soldiers, and Araches questioned them about Barlaam, but the monks refused to tell him where he was. Araches said that if they did not bring Barlaam to him, they would die. monks replied that they did not fear death, so he tortured them. When he saw that nothing would make them talk, he decided to bring them to the King. Several days afterward, they appeared before the King, who subjected them to further torments. that nothing would induce them to betray Barlaam, the King had their eyes gouged out, and then cut off their arms and legs. All the while, the monks exhorted one another to accept death for the sake of Christ, and so they received their crowns of glory from the Lord. Saint John of Damascus compares the seventeen monastic martyrs to the seven holy Maccabees of the Old Testament (August 1).

India, 323-337, Ioasaph, Indian King, after 20yrs saw hKingdom, sins dimed beauty, entire hhold converted, became monk 35yrs
India, 323-337, Barlaam tMonk & Prince Ioasaph of India, Constantine's time, K Abenner hated Christians, decree, monks expecially, prophecy aI's birth, not suceed but better Christ's kingdom, I separated in huge palace, tutors only, only pleasant things, Hieromonk Barlaam led by revelation to visit Ioasaph. disguised as merchant w precious gem approached h best friend tTutor. weak eyes would be ruined by seeing the gem. only strong eyes and virtue. B allowed to see I. I realiezed Christ the precious pearl, B witnessed and baptized. , Ioasaph, Indian King, after 20yrs saw hKingdom, sins dimed beauty, entire hhold converted, became monk 35yrs; India, 323-337, Ioasaph, Indian King, after 20yrs saw hKingdom, sins dimed beauty, entire hhold converted, became monk 35yrs; to tradition, in the time of Constantine the Great there lived in India a pagan king named Abenner, who had only one son, Joasaph. was a wise administrator and fearless warrior, loyal to the Indian code of honor, courage and the hatred of Christians. the Prince was born, astrologers and wise men were called to prophesy the Prince's destiny as king. All of them said the same: that he would be a wise and powerful king. But one dared to tell the truth: the Prince would become Christian and give up his throne. The King was furious. He ordered every Christian to be killed or banned from the kingdom, and he put the Prince in a private, guarded castle to shield him from any possible Christian influence. twenty years of his life -- his entire childhood and youth -- Joasaph was confined to the castle. During this time he was taught the skills of wisdom and warfare. The King visited his son often, and was pleased to find his boy qrowing into a fine, strong young man. convinced that the prophecy was false, Abenner agreed to let the Prince see his future kingdom. The impression Joasaph received seemed mixed. The world was indeed a very beautiful place, but the sins, sorrows and eventual death of man dimmed its beauty in Joasaph's eyes, and made him doubtful. longer content with his luxuries in the palace he strove to find a life that was soul-fulfilling, unlike what he felt succession to the throne would be. the same time, the holy monk Barlaam was told by God that he must bring the salvation of God's word to the Prince over 1,000 miles away. time Elder Barlaam arrived and, disguised as a merchant with a "pearl of great price," was able to get into the castle. explained the Orthodox Christian faith to the young Prince, in the form of parables, and then from the Holy Gospel and the Epistles. the instructions of Barlaam the youth reasoned that the "pearl of great price" is faith in the Lord Jesus Christ, and he believed in Him and desired to accept holy Baptism. the months that followed the entire household was converted, including King Abenner who eventually became a hermit. left, Abenner reposed and Joasaph became king. But he was not content there and missed his spiritual father. he gave his kingdom to relatives and went away to the desert in search of his teacher Barlaam. For two years he wandered about through the wilderness, suffering dangers and temptations, until he found the cave of Barlaam, laboring in silence. The Elder and the youth began to struggle together. Barlaam’s death approached, he served the Divine Liturgy, partook of the Holy Mysteries and communed Joasaph, then he departed to the Lord. lived in the wilderness for seventy of his one hundred years. he buried the Elder, Joasaph remained in the cave and continued his ascetic efforts. He dwelt in the wilderness for thirty-five years, and fell asleep in the Lord at the age of sixty. Joasaph’s successor as king, with the help of a certain hermit, found the incorrupt and fragrant relics of both ascetics in the cave, and he brought them back to his fatherland and buried them in a church built by the holy king Joasaph. portion of the holy relic of Saint Joasaph is in the Athonite Monastery of Xeropotamou, among other places. Saint Joasaph is celebrated in the Greek Calendar on August 26th, Saints Joasaph, Barlaam and Abenner are celebrated together in the Slavic Calendar on November 19th. ascribes the authorship of the tale of Barlaam and Joasaph to Saint John of Damascus, but in actuality Saint Euthymios the Athonite, a Georgian monk, translated the Georgian epic Balavariani dating back to the 10th century, into Greek in the year 1028, basing the theology of the text on Saint John of Damascus. the Latin Church Joasaph is known as Josaphat Saints Barlaam the monk and Prince Ioasaph of India, Commemorated on November 19; Christian monks are mentioned in The Lives of Saints Barlaam and Ioasaph (November 19), by Saint John of Damascus (December 4). suffered in the IV century when King Abenner ruled India. hated Christians because they were converting his people to Christ, and some of them even became monks. King issued a decree ordering all Christians to renounce their Faith at once, threatening to torture and kill them if they did not comply. He had a special hatred for the monks, and persecuted them without mercy. Some Christians, unable to endure the torments, submitted to the King's decree, but the monks rebuked him for his wickedness. Some of them fled into the deserts and mountains, while others chose martyrdom. his son Ioasaph was born, King Abenner rejoiced and prepared a feast for his people. the guests were fifty-five astrologers, who were asked to predict the child's future. They spoke in general terms of great riches and power, saying that he would surpass all who had ruled before him. of them, the wisest of all, said that the child would not succeed Abenner, but instead he would enter a better and greater kingdom. Moreover, the astrologer said that Ioasaph would become a Christian. the King heard this he was angry and sorrowful, and took steps to prevent this from happening. He built a huge palace, and kept his son there. He would not permit anyone to approach the child, except for a few carefully chosen instructors. He charged them not to speak to the Prince about unpleasant topics such as death, old age, sickness, poverty, etc. He wanted them to speak to Ioasaph only about pleasant things. Above all, he did not want his son to hear anything about Christ or His doctrines. the King learned that there were still some monks left, he commanded heralds to go into the city and throughout the countryside and to proclaim that after three days, no monk would be allowed to live there. If any monks were discovered after that time, they would be executed. Barlaam, an experienced monk who was filled with every divine virtue, was led by a revelation from God to visit Prince Ioasaph. conceal his monastic garb, he disguised himself as a merchant. he arrived in the city where the Prince's palace was he remained for several days asking about the Prince and who had access to him. that the Prince's tutor was also his closest friend, he approached him and said that he had a precious gem, which he had never shown to anyone. said, "Now I will reveal this secret to you, seeing that you are wise and prudent, so that you may bring me before the king's son, and I will present it to him." tutor asked Barlaam to show him the gem before he would consent to go to the Prince with such a dubious tale. told him that the gem could not be seen, except by one whose eyesight was strong and sound, and his body undefiled. anyone who lacked these qualities were to gaze upon this precious treasure, he would lose his sight and also his mind. mentioned to the tutor that he had studied medicine, and he could tell that the tutor's eyes were not healthy, and that he did not wish to be the cause of the tutor losing his sight. went on to say that he had heard that the Prince's were healthy, and that he led a life of sobriety. Therefore, Barlaam said that he would show the treasure to the Prince. the palace, the tutor went to the Prince and told him about the merchant and his gem. When the Prince heard these words, he was filled with joy and gladness. He told the tutor to bring the merchant to him. spoke to him of many things, preparing him with parables before revealing that his Master was Christ, the Son of God. also proved to him the futility of idolatry. he told the Prince how God had created the world and everything in it, and how Adam and Eve had disobeyed God, but God promised to send a Redeemer to save people from their sins. He also spoke of Moses, and how God led His people into the Promised land. Then he proceeded to tell Ioasaph about Christ's Incarnation, His Crucifixion, His Death and Resurrection, and His glorious Ascension. Ioasaph came to realize that Barlaam was not describing a marvelous gem, but rather Christ, the Priceless Pearl. continued his instructions for many days in preparation for the Prince's Baptism. Then he baptized the Prince in a garden pool, according to his wish. Afterward, they went into the palace, where Barlaam offered the Bloodless Sacrifice and Ioasaph partook of the Holy Mysteries. years later, the King sent his chief counsellor Araches into the wilderness to search for Saint Barlaam, who had baptized Ioasaph. searched the deserts and remote places without finding him. They did happen to encounter seventeen monks, however, walking at the foot of a mountain. They were seized by the soldiers, and Araches questioned them about Barlaam, but the monks refused to tell him where he was. Araches said that if they did not bring Barlaam to him, they would die. monks replied that they did not fear death, so he tortured them. When he saw that nothing would make them talk, he decided to bring them to the King. Several days afterward, they appeared before the King, who subjected them to further torments. that nothing would induce them to betray Barlaam, the King had their eyes gouged out, and then cut off their arms and legs. All the while, the monks exhorted one another to accept death for the sake of Christ, and so they received their crowns of glory from the Lord. Saint John of Damascus compares the seventeen monastic martyrs to the seven holy Maccabees of the Old Testament (August 1).

India, 350-376, Gandhara, Kushan Emperor
India, Kushan Emperor, 350-376 Gandhara ; Venerable Barlaam, Commemorated on November 19;

India, 1400, 15th and 16th Century Folder, Portuguese India

India, 1434-1961, Portuguese India, string of fortresses along Indian Ocean, right after sea route discovery
India, Portuguese India,1434-1961 ; The State of India (Portugese India), was a colonial state of the Portuguese Empire founded six years after the discovery of a sea route to the Indian Subcontinent by the Kingdom of Portugal. The capital of Portuguese India served as the governing centre of a string of Portuguese fortresses and settlements scattered along the Indian Ocean. first viceroy, Francisco de Almeida, established his headquarters at what was then Cochim, the present-day Cochin (Kochi), subsequent Portuguese governors were not always of viceroy rank. After 1510, the capital of the Portuguese viceroyalty was transferred to Velhas Conquistas (Old Conquests area) of present-day Goa and Damaon.[1] Present-day Mumbai (Bombay) was part of Portuguese India as Bom Baim until it was ceded to the British Crown in 1661, who in turn leased Bombay to the East India Company. Until the 18th century, the Portuguese governor in Goa had authority over all Portuguese possessions in the Indian Ocean, from southern Africa to southeast Asia. In 1752, Mozambique got its own separate government, and in 1844 the Portuguese Government of India stopped administering the territory of Macau, Solor and Timor, and its authority was confined to the colonial holdings on the Konkan and Malabar coasts of Western India. the time of the British Raj's dissolution in 1947, Portuguese India was subdivided into three districts located on modern-day India's western coast, sometimes referred to collectively as Goa: namely Goa; Damao, which included the inland enclaves of Dadra and Nagar Haveli; and Diu. Portugal lost effective control of the enclaves of Dadra and Nagar Haveli in 1954, and finally the rest of the overseas territory in December 1961, when it was annexed by India under the Nehru Government. spite of this, Portugal only recognised Indian control in 1974, after the Carnation Revolution and the fall of the Estado Novo regime, by a treaty signed on 31 December 1974.[2]

India, 1526-1552, FRANCIS XAVIER, original Jesuit, India, verses to music, Malay Penninsula, 2000 Japan converts
France, 1526-1552, FRANCIS XAVIER, a Basque, evangelist, original Jesuit, Goa India, verses to music, Sri Lanka India, Malacca Malay Penninsula, 2000 Japan converts, died in China, tireless energy, many converts est 6 digits ; Biscay Region; Basque People; FRANCIS XAVIER, Missionary to the Far East, 1552, Commemorated December 3 ; Xavier, or Francisco do Yasu y Javier, was a Basque. Basques are a people from the region of Biscay in northern Spain, whose language is unrelated to any other known language.) was born in 1506 and studied at the University of Paris, where he met Ignatius Loyola and joined together with him and five others in dedicating their lives to the will and service of God, and forming the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits) in 1534. 1541 Francis sailed with two companions from Portugal to the Portuguese colony of Goa on the west coast of India (arriving in May 1542), where he set about learning the language and writing a catechism for the instruction of converts. visited the prisons and the hospitals, conducted worship services among the lepers, and walked the streets ringing a bell to call the children for religious instruction. chief method of instructing the people was to write verses in their language setting forth the truths of the Christian faith, and set them to music. Both words and tunes tended to be "catchy," and his doggerel instructions were extremely popular and were sung everywhere. He preached tirelessly, both to the native peoples and to the Europeans living there. found to his dismay that the Portuguese settlers and soldiers of the colony were brutal in their treatment of the natives, and that, even aside from this, their manner of life did not commend their nominal faith to the native observer. He wrote boldly to the King of Portugal to complain: "It is possible that when our Lord God calls your Highness to his Judgement that your Highness may hear angry words from him: "Why did you not punish those who were your subjects and owned your authority, and were enemies to me in India?'" five months in Goa, Francis went to the east coast of India, near Sri Lanka (Ceylon), where he preached to a people called the Paravas, with considerable success until the ruler of Jaffna in northern Ceylon became alarmed and suppressed his mission by force. most of 1545 to 1547, Francis preached in Malacca (another Portuguese possession) and other places on or near the Malay Peninsula. he encountered a Japanese expatriate (Anjiro, later baptized as Paul), and became interested in the possibility of a Japanese mission. After a brief return to Goa, he set out for Japan with another Jesuit priest and three Japanese converts. Here he learned the language, wrote a catechism, and preached. authorities welcomed him in some towns and prevented him from teaching in others. Altogether Francis, the first to preach the Gospel in Japan, made perhaps 2000 converts there. then determined to carry the Gospel to China, at that time closed to outsiders. He bribed a ship's captain to smuggle him into the country, but had barely arrived there when he was stricken with fever and died on 3 December 1552. His body was brought back to Goa and buried there. all acounts, he was a man who preached the Gospel with tireless energy, and with great power and effectiveness. Estimates of the number of converts that he personally baptized vary, but some of them are in the six-digit range. One biographer says that he preached to more persons than anyone else since New Testament times. wrote as follows in a letter to Ignatius: many people hereabouts are not becoming Christians for one reason only: there is nobody to make them Christians. Again and again I have thought of going around the universities of Europe, especially Paris, and crying out to the scholars: "What a tragedy: how many souls are being shut out of heaven, thanks to you!" thought would certainly stir most of them to listen actively to what God is saying to them. They would forget their own desires and give themselves over entirely to God's will and his choice. They would cry out with all their heart: "Lord, here am I! Send me. Send me anywhere you like -- even to India!" by James Kiefer

India, 1600, 17th Century Folder, Dutch, British, Danish India

India,1605-1825, Dutch India
India,1605-1825, Dutch India ;

India,1620-1869, Danish India
India,1620-1869, Danish India ;

India, 1700, 18th Century History Folder, French India

India, 1769-1954, French India, mostly east coast
India,1769-1954, French India, mostly east coast, The enclaves were Pondichéry, Karikal, Yanaon (Andhra Pradesh) on the Coromandel Coast, Mahé on the Malabar Coast and Chandernagor in Bengal. The French also possessed several loges ('lodges', tiny subsidiary trading stations) inside other towns, but after 1816, the British denied all French claims to these, which were not reoccupied. India,1769-1954, French India;

India, 1800, 19th Century History Folder, English and Gandhi

India, 1844-1912, RICHARD MEUX BENSON, founder Society oSt John tEvangelist 1866, Anglican monasteries, Cowley, Oxfordshire
England, 1844-1912, RICHARD MEUX BENSON, founder Society oSt John tEvangelist 1866, Cowley, Oxfordshire, Society of St. John the Evangelist, Anglican monasteries, wealthy family, private tutor, t Christ Church Oxford, a school, degree, ordination, curacy aSubiton, 1850 vicar aCrowley Oxford, High Church, 1858 priest retreat, 1859 built new parish church, planned mission tIndia but bishop declined, time of English convents, 2 priests joined him to begin community, not purely contemplative, external ministries, devine office daily, hour meditation, summer retreat 4wks, later 2wks, other retreat days&silence days, concentrated oEssentials like life-vows, regular confession, choir office, prayer&meditation, priestly ministry, recognized bishop's authority but not to private life together, 1870-93 Society spread tUS, India, South Africa, American mission tour, 1884 Benson drafted Constitution & Rule, 1886 resigned Parish Vicar, 1890 resigned Superior, 1yr in India, 8yrs Boston, last 16yrs back at Home, celebrated Eucharist as long as he could stand, then weeled in chair every morning, died 1915; Society of St. John the Evangelist; RICHARD MEUX BENSON, RELIGIOUS, 1915, Commemorated January 16 ; Meux Benson (1824–1915) was a priest in the Church of England founder of the Society of St. John the Evangelist, the first religious order of monks in the Anglican Communion since the Reformation. into a wealthy family of London in 1824, was taught at home by a private tutor and entered Christ Church, Oxford. his degree and ordination and a curacy at Surbiton, in 1850 he became vicar of Cowley, Oxford. was considered High Church. 1858 Benson conducted a retreat for priests using material taken in part from the Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola. 1859, having erected a new parish church dedicated to St. John the Evangelist, planned a mission to India but abandoned the plan at the request of his bishop. the time there were convents of Anglican women in England, and in 1865 two priests joined Benson in Cowley to begin community life under the name of Mission Priests of St. John the Evangelist with Benson as Superior. form of religious life instituted by Benson was not purely contemplative — its members engaged in active external ministry — they recited the Divine Office together daily in choir, and Benson emphasized contemplation. brothers were to get an hour's meditation daily if possible, he gave the community a summer retreat of four weeks, later reduced to fortnight. He prescribed other retreat days and silence days. a religious founder, he concentrated on essentials, which he reckoned life-vows, taken with precautions as to maturity; confession; office, and meditation; priestly ministry. fully recognized the authority of his bishop over the priests of the community, who were clergy of the diocese, not as extending to their private life together. 1870 to 1883 the Society spread to the United States, India, and South Africa. himself made an American mission tour. 1884 the society adopted a Constitution and Rule drafted by Benson. the creation of the Society, Benson had maintained his duties as a parish vicar. 1886 he resigned this charge to devote all his attention to the Society and its mission. 1890 Benson stepped aside for another to be elected Superior. spent one year in India, eight years at the American house in Boston. last sixteen years of Benson's life were lived at home again. celebrated the Holy Eucharist as long as he could stand at the altar, then was wheeled in a chair to his Communion every morning. He died on January 14, 1915. Wikipedia More information on Richard Benson is available from Project Canterbury.

India, 1877, Cambridge Brotherhood to Deli (Cambridge Mission to Delhi) 1877
Cambridge Brotherhood to Deli (Cambridge Mission to Delhi) 1877; St. Stephen's College, Delhi, located at the University of Delhi; CHARLES FREER ANDREWS, PRIEST AND ÂœFRIEND OF THE POORÂ IN INDIA, 1940, Commemorated February 12;

India, 1889-1948, Mahatma Gandhi, non violent freedom fighter
India, 1889-1948, Mahatma Gandhi; CHARLES FREER ANDREWS, PRIEST AND ÂœFRIEND OF THE POORÂ IN INDIA, 1940, Commemorated January 12;

India, 1891-1940, CHARLES FREER ANDREWS, priest and friend of the poor in India, St. Stephen's College, Delhi, Gandi's associate
India, 1891-1940, CHARLES FREER ANDREWS, priest and friend of the poor in India, St. Stephen's College, Delhi, Gandi's associate, relationship Gospel and Justice, persuaded G to return to India from S Africa, Indian indentured laborers in Fiji, radical discipleship in England, leave freedom struggle to Indians; St. Stephen's College, Delhi, located at the University of Delhi; CHARLES FREER ANDREWS, PRIEST AND œFRIEND OF THE POOR IN INDIA, 1940, Commemorated February 12; Freer Andrews (1871 – 1940) was an English priest, educator and Indian freedom fighter who is best known as an associate of Mahatma Gandhi. greatly admired the philosophy of the young Mohandas Gandhi and was instrumental in convincing him to return to India from South Africa, where Gandhi was a leading light in the Indian civil rights struggle there. was affectionately known as Christ's Faithful Apostle, and also, for his contributions to the Indian Independence Movement the Mahatma and his students at St. Stephen's College, Delhi named him, Deenabandhu, or 'Friend of the Poor'. had been involved in the Christian Social Union since college, and was interested in exploring the relationship between a commitment to the gospel and a commitment to justice, through which he was attracted to struggles for justice throughout the British Empire, especially in India. 1904 he joined the Cambridge Brotherhood in Delhi and arrived there to teach philosophy at St. Stephen's College, where he famously grew close to many of his Indian colleagues and students. Increasingly dismayed by the racist behavior and treatment of Indians by British officials and civilians, he supported Indian political aspirations, and soon became involved in the activities of the Indian National Congress. known for his persuasive ways, intellect and keen sense of moral firmness, he was asked by senior Indian political leader Gopal Krishna Gokhale to visit South Africa and help the Indian community there resolve their political disputes with the Government. He met there a young Gujarati lawyer, Mohandas Gandhi who was attempting to organize the Natal Indian Congress and the Indian community to protest the racial discrimination and police legislation that infringed upon their civil liberties. was deeply impressed with Gandhi's knowledge of Christian values, and his espousal of the concept of ahimsa, non-violence - something that Gandhi mixed with inspiration from elements of Christian anarchism. He helped Gandhi organize an Ashram in Natal and publish his famous magazine, The Indian Opinion. the advice of several Indian Congress leaders and, significantly, that of Principal S K Rudra of St. Stephen's College, Andrews was instrumental in persuading Gandhi to return to India with him in 1915. news reached India of the mistreatment of Indian indentured labourers in Fiji, the Indian Government, in September 1915, sent Andrews and W.W. Pearson to make inquiries. The two visited numerous plantations and interviewed indentured labourers, overseers and Government officials and on their return to India also interviewed returned labourers. In their report, Andrews and Pearson highlighted the ills of the indenture system which led to a stop of further transportation of Indian labour to the British colonies. made a second visit to Fiji in 1917 and although reported on some improvements, was still appalled at the moral degradation of the indentured labourers. He called for an immediate end to indenture and the system of Indian indentured labour was formally abolished in 1920. this time, Gandhi reasoned to Andrews that it was probably best for sympathetic Britons like himself to leave the freedom struggle to Indians. So, from 1935 onwards, Andrews began to spend more time back in Britain, teaching young people all over the country about Christ’s call to radical discipleship. Gandhi's affectionate nickname for Andrews was Christ’s Faithful Apostle, based on the initials of his name, "C.F.A". He was widely known as Gandhi's closest friend and was perhaps the only major figure to address Gandhi by his first name, Mohan. Andrews died on April 5, 1940 during a visit to Calcutta, and is buried there. He is widely commemorated and respected in India, and was a major character portrayed by British actor Ian Charleson in the 1982 film Gandhi by Richard Attenborough. - more at Wikipedia

India, 1894-1945, VEDANYAGAM SAMUEL AZARIAH, FIRST iNDIAN BISHOP, from YMCA evangelist to Indian Clergy&ED maker
India, 1894-1945, VEDANYAGAM SAMUEL AZARIAH, FIRST iNDIAN BISHOP, Dornakal (railway junction, between Kirshna 6 and Godavari 10), priest father&Scripture loving mother, YMCA evangelist a19, YMCA India Secretary early 20's, saw Church needed indigenous leadership, tReduce western influences, from evangelism to Indian Clergy&Education, avid ecumenist for United Church, died right before united Church oSouth India; Dornakal, a railway junction; VEDANAYAGAM SAMUEL AZARIAH, FIRST INDIAN ANGLICAN BISHOP, DORNAKAL, 1945, Commemorated January 2 ; Azariah was born in 1874 in a small village in South India, father, Thomas Vedanayagam being a simple village priest and his mother Ellen having a deep love and understanding of the Scriptures. became a YMCA evangelist whilst still only nineteen, secretary of the organisation throughout South India a few years later. saw that, for the Church in India to grow and attract ordinary Indians to the Christian faith, had to have an indigenous leadership reduce the strong western influences and almost totally white leadership that pervaded it. was ordained priest at the age of thirty-five and bishop just three years later, work moving from primary evangelism forwarding his desire for more Indian clergy the need to raise their educational standards. was an avid ecumenist and was one of the first to see the importance to mission of a united Church. died on 1 January 1945, just two years before the creation of a united Church of South India. from Exciting Holiness A biographical sketch of him, made some 20 years before his death, is available from Project Canterbury.

India, Northwest of India, Pakistan and its Indus River Folder

Pakistan (Indus River Basin)
Pakistan; CHARLES FREER ANDREWS, PRIEST AND œFRIEND OF THE POOR IN INDIA, 1940, Commemorated February 12; JANANI LUWUM, ARCHBISHOP OF UGANDA, MARTYR (16 FEB 1977);

Indus River, Pakistan

Indus River Source (Tibetan Plateau near Lake Mansarovar)
Indus River; Tibetan Plateau;

Mt Kailash
Mt Kailash; Margaurite's 2017 Trip

Dorma La pass
Dorma La pass Mt Kailash; Margaurite's 2017 Trip

Indus River 1 (Tibet, China and Pakistan border)

Leh, Ladakh
Leh, Ladakh ; Margaurite's 2017 Trip

Indus River 2 (Gahkuch, Pakistan)

Indus River 3 (Gilgit, Pakisan)

Indus River 4 (Chilas, Kashmir, Pakistan)

Indus River 5 (Tarbela Dam)

Indus River 6

Indus River 7

Hydaspes River in Punjab, India (Pakistan, Indus River 7)
Hydaspes River in Punjab, India (Pakistan); Righteous Judith, Commemorated on December 11;

Hydaspes River

Indus River 8

Indus River Mouth (Arabian Sea)

India, Northern India Folder, Ganges River and Grand Trunk Road

India, Northern India, Grand Trunk Road Folder (between South China and Afganistan)

Grand Trunk Road (Southeast Asia to Afganistan)

Grand Trunk Road 1 (Chittagong, Bangladesh)

Grand Trunk Road 2 (Dhaka, Bangladesh)

Grand Trunk Road 3 (Serampore Colony, Kolkata, West Bengal, India)

Grand Trunk Road 4 (Howrah, West Bengal, India)

Grand Trunk Road 5 (Murshidabad, West Bengal, India)

Grand Trunk Road 6 (Patna, Bihar, India)

Grand Trunk Road 7 (Banares, India)

Grand Trunk Road 8 (Ilhabad)

Grand Trunk Road 9 (Delhi, India)

Grand Trunk Road 10 (Lahore, Pakistan)

Grand Trunk Road 11 (Peshawar, Pakistan)

Grand Trunk Road 12 (Kabul, Afganistan)

India, Northern India, Ganges River Folder

Ganges River

World Council of Churches 1961
New Delhi, India ; World Council of Churches 1961 ; David du Plessis, PENTECOSTAL SAINT, 1987, Commemorated February 2 ;

Ganges River Source 1 (Western Himalayas)
Ganges River; Himalayas; Ganga;

Himalayan Mountains
Himalayan Mountains;

Ganges River Source 2

Ganges River 1

Ganges River 2

Ganges River 3 (Gangetic Plain Begins)

India, Northern India, Ganges River 3, New Delhi Folder, Grand Trunk Road 9

Delhi and New Delhi, India
New Delhi, India ; World Council of Churches 1961 ; David du Plessis, PENTECOSTAL SAINT, 1987, Commemorated February 2 ; CHARLES FREER ANDREWS, PRIEST AND ÂœFRIEND OF THE POORÂ IN INDIA, 1940, Commemorated February 12;

New Delhi, India
New Delhi, India ; World Council of Churches 1961 ; David du Plessis, PENTECOSTAL SAINT, 1987, Commemorated February 2 ; CHARLES FREER ANDREWS, PRIEST AND ÂœFRIEND OF THE POORÂ IN INDIA, 1940, Commemorated February 12;

Upper Ganges Canal

Ganges Canal Irrigates Southwest

Lower Ganges Canal 1

St. Stephen's College, Delhi, 1881
St. Stephen's College, Delhi, located at the University of Delhi; CHARLES FREER ANDREWS, PRIEST AND ÂœFRIEND OF THE POORÂ IN INDIA, 1940, Commemorated February 12;

Cambridge Brotherhood to Deli (Cambridge Mission to Delhi) 1877
Cambridge Brotherhood to Deli (Cambridge Mission to Delhi) 1877; St. Stephen's College, Delhi, located at the University of Delhi; CHARLES FREER ANDREWS, PRIEST AND ÂœFRIEND OF THE POORÂ IN INDIA, 1940, Commemorated February 12;

Hindustan, India
Indo-Gangetic Plain ; Hindustan; HENRY MARTYN, MISSIONARY AND TRANSLATOR (19 OCT 1812) ;

Lower Ganges Canal

Lower Ganges Canal 2

Ganges Canal Branch 2

Ganges River 4

Ganges Canal Branch 1

India, Northern India, Ganges River 10, Son River Folder

Son River

Son River Source (Amarkantak)
Amarkantak;

Son River (Sidhi)
Sidhi;

Son River (Dehri)
Dehri;

Son River Mouth (Ganges River 10)
Son River;

Pataliputra (Patna, Traditional Capital (Palace) of India)
Pataliputra (Patna, Traditional Capital of India); Venerable Barlaam, Commemorated on November 19

Bankipur, Grand Trunk Road 6, Ganges 10, India, near Patna, Traditional Capital (Palace) of India
Bankipur, Grand Trunk Road, India, near Patna, Traditional Capital (Palace) of India; PANDITA MARY RAMABAI, PROPHETIC WITNESS AND EVANGELIST IN INDIA, 1922, Commemorated 5 April;

India, Northern India, Ganges River 10, Gandaki River Folder

Gandaki River

Gandaki River Source (Nhubine Himal Glacier, China)

Gandaki River (Lo Manthang, Nepal)
Lo Manthang;

Gandaki River (Jomsom, Mustang District, Nepal)
Jomsom, Mustang District ;

Gandaki River (Beni, Dhawalagiri Zone, Nepal)
Beni, Dhawalagiri Zone ;

Kathmandu, Nepal
Kathmandu; Margaurite's 2017 Trip

Gandaki River (Bagaha, India)
Bagaha, India;

Gandaki River Mouth (Patna, Ganges River 10)
Gandaki River

Ganges River 12 (Hooghly River Source)

India, Northern India, Ganges River 12, Hooghly River Folder

Hooghly River

Hooghly River Source (Ganges River 12)

Hooghly River 1

Hooghly River 2

Hooghly River 3

Serampore Colony, India, Danish (Hooghly River 4)
Serampore Colony, India, Danish (Hooghly River 4); WILLIAM CAREY, MISSIONARY TO INDIA, 19 October 1834 ; William Carey (missionary); LIFE OF WILLIAM CAREY, Shoemaker & Missionary;

Hooghly River 5 (Calcutta)

Calcutta, India (Hooghly River 5)
Calcutta WILLIAM CAREY, MISSIONARY TO INDIA, 19 October 1834; VEDANAYAGAM SAMUEL AZARIAH, FIRST INDIAN ANGLICAN BISHOP, DORNAKAL, 1945, Commemorated January 2 ; CHARLES FREER ANDREWS, PRIEST AND ÂœFRIEND OF THE POORÂ IN INDIA, 1940, Commemorated February 12; PANDITA MARY RAMABAI, PROPHETIC WITNESS AND EVANGELIST IN INDIA, 1922, Commemorated April 5 ; ADONIRAM JUDSON, MISSIONARY TO BURMA, 1850, Commemorated April 12 ;

St. Paul's Cathedral, Calcutta, 1847
St. Paul's Cathedral, Calcutta, 1847; VEDANAYAGAM SAMUEL AZARIAH, FIRST INDIAN ANGLICAN BISHOP, DORNAKAL, 1945, Commemorated January 2;

Fort William College, Fort William, Calcutta, 1800
Fort William College, Fort William, Calcutta, 1800; WILLIAM CAREY, MISSIONARY TO INDIA, 19 October 1834, Commemorated October 19;

Hooghly River Mouth (Bay of Bengal)

Midnapore, Northern India, not far from Hooghly River Mouth
Midnapore, Northern India, not far from Hooghly River Mouth; WILLIAM CAREY, MISSIONARY TO INDIA, 19 October 1834, Commemorated October 19;

Brahmaputra River

Brahmaputra River, West Fork

Brahmaputra River, East Fork

Ganges River Mouth (Bay of Bengal Indian Ocean)

Punpun River

India, Northwest India Folder, Gujarat State

Gujarat State, Northwestern India
State of Gujarat; CHARLES FREER ANDREWS, PRIEST AND FRIEND OF THE POORÂ IN INDIA, 1940, Commemorated February 12;

Thar Desert, India
Thar Desert;

Sabarmati Ashram
Ashram; Sabarmati Ashram where Gandhi stayed.; CHARLES FREER ANDREWS, PRIEST AND ÃƒÂƒÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÂ‚Ã‚Â€ÃƒÂ‚Ã‚ÂœFRIEND OF THE POORÃƒÂƒÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÂ‚Ã‚Â€ÃƒÂ‚Ã‚ÂÂÂÂ IN INDIA, 1940, Commemorated February 12; (Charles Freer Andrews) helped Gandhi organize an Ashram in Natal and publish his famous magazine, The Indian Opinion.

Natal, India (Ahmedabad)
Natal; Ashram; Sabarmati Ashram where Gandhi stayed.; CHARLES FREER ANDREWS, PRIEST AND ÂœFRIEND OF THE POORÂ IN INDIA, 1940, Commemorated February 12; (Charles Freer Andrews) helped Gandhi organize an Ashram in Natal and publish his famous magazine, The Indian Opinion.

Sabarmati River

Sabarmati River Source (Aravalli Range)
Sabarmati River Source (Aravalli Range);

Sabarmati River Mouth (Gulf of Cambay, Arabian Sea)

Narmada River

Narmada River Source (upper Madhya Pradesh)
Madhya Pradesh;

Narmada River Mouth (Gulf of Cambay)
Narmada River;

Tapti River
Tapti River;

Tapti River Source (Saptura Range)
Saptura Range;

Tapati River (Panzara River Mouth)
Panzara River;

Tapti River Mouth (Gulf of Cambay)
Tapti River;

Arya Mahila Samaj Hostel, Mumbai, India, 1881
Arya Mahila Samaj Hostel, Mumbai, India; Station, Building No 10, Dr Kashibai Navrange Marg, Nana Chowk, Near, Gamdevi, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400007, India PANDITA MARY RAMABAI, PROPHETIC WITNESS AND EVANGELIST IN INDIA, 1922, Commemorated April 5 ;

India, Western India Folder, Goa and the Western Ghats

Goa, India - Portuguese colony of Goa
Portuguese colony of Goa on the west coast of India; Portuguese Conquest of Goa (1510); FRANCIS XAVIER, Missionary to the Far East, 1552, Commemorated December 3 ; Apostle Timon the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4;

Goa River 1

Goa River 2

Goa River 3

Bastoria, Goa, India
Bastoria, Goa, India; Apostle Timon the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4;

Western Ghats 1 of 3
Western Ghats;

Western Ghats 2 of 3
Western Ghats;

Western Ghats 3 of 3
Western Ghats;

India, Northcentral India Folder, Mahanadi and Brahmani Rivers

Kurnool district (Bay of Bengal, Brahmani and Hooghly Rivers)
Kurnool district; VEDANAYAGAM SAMUEL AZARIAH, FIRST INDIAN ANGLICAN BISHOP, DORNAKAL, 1945, Commemorated January 2 ;

Eastern Ghats 3 of 3
Eastern Ghats;

Chota Nagpur Plateau
Chota Nagpur Plateau; Indo-Gangetic Plain;

Sankh River

Sankh River Source (along the border)

South Koel River

South Koel River Source (near Ranchi, Chota Nagpur Plateau)
South Koel River;

Brahmani River

Brahmani River Source (Sankh and South Koel Rivers)

Brahmani River Mouth (Bay of Bengal)
Brahmani River;

Mahanadi River

Mahamadi River 2

Mahanadi River Source (Sihawa, along the border)

Mahanadi River Mouth (Bay of Bengal)

India, South Central India Folder, Godavari, Kirshna and Penner Rivers

Eastern Ghats 2 of 3
Eastern Ghats;

India, South Central, Godavari River Folder

Godavari River

Godavari River Source (Trimbakeshwar Shiva Temple)
Godavari River; Trimbakeshwar Shiva Temple;

Godavari River 1

Godavari River 2

Godavari River 3

Dummagudem, District of Dummagudem, India (Godavari River 10)
District of Dummagudem; VEDANAYAGAM SAMUEL AZARIAH, FIRST INDIAN ANGLICAN BISHOP, DORNAKAL, 1945, Commemorated January 2 ;

Dornakal (railway junction, between Kirshna 6 and Godavari 10)
Dornakal, a railway junction; VEDANAYAGAM SAMUEL AZARIAH, FIRST INDIAN ANGLICAN BISHOP, DORNAKAL, 1945, Commemorated January 2 ;

Godavari River Mouth (Bay of Bengal)

Godavery district (Khammam District, Godavery River)
Godavery district (Khammam District, Godavery River); VEDANAYAGAM SAMUEL AZARIAH, FIRST INDIAN ANGLICAN BISHOP, DORNAKAL, 1945, Commemorated January 2 ;

India, South Central, Kirshna River Folder

Kirshna River
Krishna River;

Krishna River Source (Mahabaleshwar, Western Ghats)
Mahabaleshwar; Krishna River;

Pandita Ramabai Mukti Mission (PRMM), Prune, India, 1889
Pandita Ramabai Mukti Mission (PRMM), Prune, India; PANDITA MARY RAMABAI, PROPHETIC WITNESS AND EVANGELIST IN INDIA, 1922, Commemorated April 5 ;

Kirshna River 1 (Koyna River Mouth)
Koyna River;

Kirshna River 1.1 (Venna River Mouth)
Venna River;

Krishna River 2 (Sangli)
Sangli;

Kirshna River 3 (Malaprabha River Mouth)
Malaprabha River;

Kirshna River 4 (Bhima River Mouth)
Bhima River;

Telugu, South Central India, Land of the Telugu people, Andhra Pradesh Region
Land of the Telugu people; Pradesh (English: /ËŒÉ‘ËndrÉ™ prÉ™ËˆdÉ›Êƒ/ Telugu: [Ã£ËndÊ±rÊŒ prÊŒdeËÉ•] About this soundlisten (help·info)) is a state in the south-eastern coastal region of India.[12] It is the seventh-largest state by area covering an area of 162,975 km2 (62,925 sq mi)[6] and tenth-most populous state with 49,386,799 inhabitants.[13][14] is bordered by Telangana to the north-west, Chhattisgarh to the north, Odisha to the north-east, Tamil Nadu to the south, Karnataka to the west and the Bay of Bengal to the east.[15] has the second longest coastline in India after Gujarat, of about 974 km (605 mi).[16] Pradesh is the first state to be formed on a linguistic basis in India on 1 October 1953.[17] Pradesh was once a major Buddhist pilgrimage site in India and a Buddhist learning center which can be seen in many sites in the state in the form of ruins, chaityas and stupas[18][19] Pradesh is also known as the land of the world-famous diamond Koh-i-Noor and many other global known diamonds due to their presence in its Kollur Mine once.[20] is also known as the "rice bowl of India" for being a major producer of rice in India.[21] official language is Telugu; one of the classical languages of India, the fourth most spoken language in India and the 11th-most spoken language in the world.[22][23] inhabitants were known as the Andhras, tracing their history to the Vedic period when they were mentioned in the 8th century BCE Rigvedic text Aitareya Brahmana. to the Aitareya Brahmana, the Andhras left North India from the banks of river Yamuna and migrated to South India.[24][25] Assaka Mahajanapada (700–300 BCE) was an ancient kingdom located between the Godavari and Krishna Rivers in southeastern India accounts that people in the region are descended from the Viswamitra are found in the Ramayana, the Mahabharata and the Puranas.[26][clarification needed] region also derives its name from Satavahanas who are also known as Andhras, the earliest kings of Andhra Pradesh and India.[27] peoples supported local art culture by building temples and sculptures of the Buddhist monuments in the state.[24] It was ruled by Satavahanas, Eastern Chalukyas, Andhra Ikshvakus, Vijayanagara Empire, Mauryan Empire, Cholas, Pallavas, Salankayanas, Vishnukundinas, Kakatiyas and In the 3rd century BCE, Andhra was a vassal kingdom of Ashoka but after his death Andhra became powerful and extended its empire to the whole of Maratha country and beyond.[28] Pradesh comprises two major regions, namely Rayalaseema in the south-west and Coastal Andhra bordering the Bay of Bengal in the east and The state has a total of thirteen districts, nine located in Coastal Andhra and four in Rayalaseema. The state also has a union territory, Yanam - a district of Puducherry which lies to the south of Kakinada in the Godavari delta on the eastern side of the state. It is the only state with three capitals. The largest city and commercial hub of the state, Visakhapatnam being the executive capital while Amaravati and Kurnool serve as legislative and judicial capitals respectively.[30] The Economy of Andhra Pradesh is the seventh-largest state economy in India with ₹9.33 trillion (US$130 billion) in gross domestic product and a higher than national average per capita GDP of ₹164,000 (US$2,300).[8] Andhra Pradesh ranks 27th among Indian states in Human Development Index (HDI).[9] Andhra Pradesh has a jurisdiction over almost 15,000 square kilometres (5,800 sq mi) of territorial waters.[6][31] Pradesh hosted 121.8 million visitors in 2015, a 30% growth in tourist arrivals over the previous year, making it the third most-visited state in India.[32] The Tirumala Venkateswara Temple in Tirupati is one of the world's most visited religious sites, with 18.25 million visitors per year.[33] The region is also home to a variety of other pilgrimage centres, such as the Pancharama Kshetras, Mallikarjuna Jyotirlinga and Kodanda Rama Temple. state's natural attractions include the beaches of Visakhapatnam, hill stations such as the Araku Valley and Horsley Hills, and the delta of Konaseema in the Godavari River delta. VEDANAYAGAM SAMUEL AZARIAH, FIRST INDIAN ANGLICAN BISHOP, DORNAKAL, 1945, Commemorated January 2 ;

Deccan Plateau, India
Deccan Plateau;

Krishna River 5 (Tungabhadra River Mouth)
Tungabhadra River;

Kistna district (Krishna District, Krishna River)
Kistna district (Krishna District) ; Krishna District; VEDANAYAGAM SAMUEL AZARIAH, FIRST INDIAN ANGLICAN BISHOP, DORNAKAL, 1945, Commemorated January 2 ;

Hyderabad State, South Central India, central river between Godavari and Kirshna
Hyderabad State ; VEDANAYAGAM SAMUEL AZARIAH, FIRST INDIAN ANGLICAN BISHOP, DORNAKAL, 1945, Commemorated January 2 ;

Kirshna River 6 (Musi River Mouth)
Musi River;

Krishna River 7 (Vijayawada)
Vijayawada

Guntur (American Evangelical Lutheran Mission)
Guntur District; VEDANAYAGAM SAMUEL AZARIAH, FIRST INDIAN ANGLICAN BISHOP, DORNAKAL, 1945, Commemorated January 2 ;

Krishna River Mouth (Bay of Bengal)
Krishna River;

Noble College at Masulipatam (Kirshna River Mouth)
Noble College at Masulipatam ; Madras University, Machilipatnam; VEDANAYAGAM SAMUEL AZARIAH, FIRST INDIAN ANGLICAN BISHOP, DORNAKAL, 1945, Commemorated January 2 ;

India, South Central, Penner River Folder

Pennar River

Penner River Source (Nandi Hills)

Pennar River 1 (Chitravathi River Mouth)

Chitravathi River

Pennar River 2 (Papagni River Mouth)

Kurnool District (northwest part of Andhra Pradesh State between Pennar and Kirshna rivers)
Kurnool District (northwest part of Andhra Pradesh State); VEDANAYAGAM SAMUEL AZARIAH, FIRST INDIAN ANGLICAN BISHOP, DORNAKAL, 1945, Commemorated January 2;

Cuddapah District (Kadapa District, South of Penner River, Southern part of Andhra Pradesh State)
Cuddapah District (Kadapa District, Penner River) ; VEDANAYAGAM SAMUEL AZARIAH, FIRST INDIAN ANGLICAN BISHOP, DORNAKAL, 1945, Commemorated January 2;

Papagni River

Sagileru River

Penner River 3 (Cheyyeru River Mouth)

Cheyyeru River

Penner River Mouth (Bay of Bengal)

India, Southern India Folder with Ceylon, Tamraparni and Kaveri Rivers and Madras

South India
South India; Church of South India; WILLIAM TEMPLE, ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY (6 NOV. 1944); VEDANAYAGAM SAMUEL AZARIAH, FIRST INDIAN ANGLICAN BISHOP, DORNAKAL, 1945, Commemorated January 2 ;

Eastern Ghats 1 of 3
Eastern Ghats;

Tamil, South India, Land of the Tamil People
Land of the Tamil People; VEDANAYAGAM SAMUEL AZARIAH, FIRST INDIAN ANGLICAN BISHOP, DORNAKAL, 1945, Commemorated January 2 ;

India, Southern India, Madras and Meliapur Folder

Madras, India
Madras; THOMAS THE APOSTLE, (21 DEC NT) ; VEDANAYAGAM SAMUEL AZARIAH, FIRST INDIAN ANGLICAN BISHOP, DORNAKAL, 1945, Commemorated January 2 ;

Paravas People of Southern India
Paravas People of Southern India; FRANCIS XAVIER, Missionary to the Far East, 1552, Commemorated December 3;

Meliapur, India
Meliapur, India ; Holy, Glorious Apostle Thomas, Commemorated on October 6 ;

Dioceses of Saint Thomas of Mylapore
Dioceses of Saint Thomas of Mylapore ; Meliapur, India ; Holy, Glorious Apostle Thomas, Commemorated on October 6 ;

India, Southern India, Kaveri River Folder

Kaveri River

Kaveri River Source (Western Ghats)
Kaveri River Western Ghats;

Talakaveri Temple (Source of the Kaveri River) 300 AD 4th Century
Talakaveri Temple;

Kaveri River Mouth (Bay of Bengal)

India, Southern India, Tamraparni River Folder

Tamraparni River

Tamraparni River Source (Pothigai Peak, Southern Ghats)
Tamraparni River;

Kerala district, southern India
Kerala district; THOMAS THE APOSTLE, (21 DEC NT) ;

Tamraparni River 1

Gadananathi River Mouth (Tamraparni River 1)

Pachaiyar River Mouth (Tamraparni River 1.5)

Tamraparni River 2 (Tinnevelly)

Tinnevelly (Tamraparni River 2)
Tinnevelly; VEDANAYAGAM SAMUEL AZARIAH, FIRST INDIAN ANGLICAN BISHOP, DORNAKAL, 1945, Commemorated January 2;

Chittar River Mouth (Tamraparni River 2.5)

Tamraparni River 3

Tamraparni River Mouth (Palk Strait)

India, Southern India, Ceylon Folder

Sri Lanka, India (Ceylon)
Sri Lanka (Ceylon); JOHN MOTT, EVANGELIST AND ECUMENICAL PIONEER, 3 October 1955; FRANCIS XAVIER, Missionary to the Far East, 1552, Commemorated December 3 ; VEDANAYAGAM SAMUEL AZARIAH, FIRST INDIAN ANGLICAN BISHOP, DORNAKAL, 1945, Commemorated January 2 ; Smith Wigglesworth, PENTECOSTAL SAINT, 1947, Commemorated March 12 ;

Ceylon, India (Sri Lanka)
Sri Lanka (Ceylon); JOHN MOTT, EVANGELIST AND ECUMENICAL PIONEER, 3 October 1955; CHARLES SIMEON, TEACHER, PROMOTOR OF MISSIONARY WORK (12 NOV 1836); FRANCIS XAVIER, Missionary to the Far East, 1552, Commemorated December 3 ; VEDANAYAGAM SAMUEL AZARIAH, FIRST INDIAN ANGLICAN BISHOP, DORNAKAL, 1945, Commemorated January 2 ; Smith Wigglesworth, PENTECOSTAL SAINT, 1947, Commemorated March 12 ;

British Empire - Ceylon, India (Sri Lanka)
Sri Lanka (Ceylon); JOHN MOTT, EVANGELIST AND ECUMENICAL PIONEER, 3 October 1955; CHARLES SIMEON, TEACHER, PROMOTOR OF MISSIONARY WORK (12 NOV 1836); FRANCIS XAVIER, Missionary to the Far East, 1552, Commemorated December 3 ; VEDANAYAGAM SAMUEL AZARIAH, FIRST INDIAN ANGLICAN BISHOP, DORNAKAL, 1945, Commemorated January 2 ; Smith Wigglesworth, PENTECOSTAL SAINT, 1947, Commemorated March 12 ;

Jaffna, Celon, India
Jaffna; FRANCIS XAVIER, Missionary to the Far East, 1552, Commemorated December 3 ;

India, Roman Roads, Rivers, Places Folder (Clean)

India, its Area

Grand Trunk Road (Southeast Asia to Afganistan) (Clean)

India, Northwest of India, Pakistan and its Indus River Folder (Clean)

India, Northern India Folder, Ganges River and Grand Trunk Road (Clean)

Delhi and New Delhi, India, Grand Trunk Road 9
New Delhi, India ; World Council of Churches 1961 ; David du Plessis, PENTECOSTAL SAINT, 1987, Commemorated February 2 ; CHARLES FREER ANDREWS, PRIEST AND ÂœFRIEND OF THE POORÂ IN INDIA, 1940, Commemorated February 12;

India, Northwest India Folder, Gujarat State (Clean)

Sabarmati Ashram
Ashram; Sabarmati Ashram where Gandhi stayed.; CHARLES FREER ANDREWS, PRIEST AND œFRIEND OF THE POOR IN INDIA, 1940, Commemorated February 12; (Charles Freer Andrews) helped Gandhi organize an Ashram in Natal and publish his famous magazine, The Indian Opinion.

India, Western India Folder, Goa and the Western Ghats (Clean)

India, Northcentral India Folder, Mahanadi and Brahmani Rivers (Clean)

India, South Central India Folder, Godavari, Kirshna and Penner Rivers (Clean)

India, Southern India Folder with Ceylon, Tamraparni and Kaveri Rivers and Madras (Clean)