Bithynia Folder, its rivers and mountains.kmz

Bithynia Folder, its rivers and mountains

Bithynia Province (Lower Sakarya River at its center)
Bithynia Province (southwest coast of the Black Sea); Greatmartyr Euphemia the All-praised, Commemorated on July 11 ; Martyr Hilary of Ancyra, Commemorated July 12 ; Venerable Michael of Maleinus, Commemorated on July 12 ; MACRINA THE YOUNGER, MONASTIC AND TEACHER (19 JUL 379) ; Holy Woman Olympias (Olympiada) the Deaconess of Constantinople, Commemorated on July 25; Hieromartyr Hermolaus at Nicomedia, Commemorated July 26 ; Greatmartyr and Healer Panteleimon, Commemorated July 27 ; Martyr Theodota in Bithynia, Commemorated on July 29; Righteous Nonna the mother of St Gregory the Theologian, Commemorated on August 5; Martyr Anicetus of Nicomedia, Commemorated on August 12 ; Translation of the relics of St Maximus the Confessor, Commemorated on August 13; Martyr Diomedes the Physician of Tarsus, in Cilicia, Commemorated on August 16; Martyr Straton of Nicomedia, Commemorated on August 17 ; Martyr Thyrsus at Caesarea, in Bithynia, Commemorated August 17 ; Venerable Macarius the Monk of Pelekete, Commemorated on August 18 ; Martyr Bassa of Edessa, and her sons, Commemorated on August 21; Martyr Agathonicus of Nicomedia, and others who suffered under Maximian, Commemorated on August 22; Martyr Tation (Tatio) of Claudiopolis, Commemorated on August 24; Martyr Adrian of Nicomedia, Commemorated on August 26 ; St Alexander the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on August 30; Martyr Callista with her brothers at Nicomedia, Commemorated September 1 ; Hieromartyr Anthimus the Bishop of Nicomedia, Commemorated on September 3; Martyr Basilissa of Nicomedia, Commemorated on September 3; Martyr Theophilus the Deacon of Nicomedia, Commemorated September 3 ; Martyr Theodore of Nicomedia, Commemorated September 4 ; Martyr Urban and 79 Companions at Nicomedia, Commemorated September 5 ; Venerable Luke the Abbot, Near Constantinople, Commemorated on September 7; Martyr Menodora at Nicomedia, Commemorated on September 10 ; St Peter Bishop of Nicea, Commemorated September 10 ; Venerable Paul the Obedient, of the Kiev Caves, Commemorated on September 10; St Coronatus the Bishop of Nicomedia, Commemorated September 12 ; Hieromartyr Autonomus the Bishop in Italy, Commemorated September 12 ; St Philotheus the Presbyter in Asia Minor, Commemorated on September 15; Greatmartyr Euphemia the All-praised, Commemorated on September 16 ; Venerable Dorotheus the Hermit of Egypt, Commemorated on September 16 ; Martyr Theodota at Nicea, Commemorated on September 17 ; Venerable Athanasius of Medikion Monastery, Commemorated on October 26 ; St Philotheus the Presbyter in Asia Minor ; Venerable Athanasius of Medikion Monastery ; Venerable Joannicius the Great, Commemorated on November 4 ; Venerable Theodore the Confessor the Abbot of the Studion, Commemorated on November 11 ; St Proclus the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated on November 20 ; Monkmartyr and Confessor Stephen the New of Mt St Auxentius, Commemorated November 28 ; Martyr Anna, Commemorated November 28 ; Martyr Paramon and 370 Martyrs in Bithynia, Commemorated on November 29; 16Venerable Thomas of Bithynia, Commemorated December 10 ; Venerable Luke the New Stylite of Chalcedon, Commemorated on December 11; St Spyridon the Wonderworker and Bishop of Tremithus, Commemorated December 12 ; Martyr Thyrsus of Apollonia, Commemorated December 14 ; Virginmartyr Juliana of Nicomedia, Commemorated on December 21 ; Martyr Theodota who suffered under Diocletian, Commemorated December 22 ; St Paul the Bishop of Neocaesarea, Commemorated December 23 ; Venerable Theodore Graptus, "the branded," Confessor, Commemorated December 27 ; 20,000 Martyrs of Nicomedia, Commemorated December 28 ; Martyr Philetairus of Nicomedia, Commemorated December 30 ; Apostle Prochorus the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Apollos of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Hieromartyr Theopemptus the Bishop of Nicomedia, Commemorated January 5 ; Venerable Syncletica of Alexandria, Commemorated on January 5 ; Synaxis of the Holy Glorious Prophet, Forerunner and Baptist John, Commemorated January 7 ; St Eustratius the Wonderworker, Commemorated on January 9 ; Venerable Stephen the Abbot of Chenolaklos Monastery, Near Chalcedon, Commemorated January 14 ; Venerable John Calabytes "the Hut-Dweller", Commemorated January 15 ; St Athanasius the Great the Archbishop of Alexandria, Commemorated on January 18 ; Virginmartyr Euphrasia of Nicomedia, Commemorated January 19 ; Martyr Bassus at Nicomedia, Commemorated January 20 ; Martyr Neophytus of Nicea, Commemorated January 21; Monkmartyr Anastasius the Persian, Commemorated January 22 ; Hieromartyr Clement the Bishop of Ancyra, Commemorated on January 23 ; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated on January 28 ; Martyr Tryphon of Campsada Near Apamea in Syria, Commemorated on February 1 ; Venerable Vendemianus the Hermit of Bithynia, Commemorated February 1 ; 1,003 Martyrs of Nicomedia,Commemorated February 7 ; Icon of the Mother of God "Iveron", Commemorated February 12 ; Venerable Mary (who was called Marinus), and her father at Alexandria, Commemorated February 12 ; Venerable Auxentius of Bithynia, Commemorated February 14; St Leo the Great the Pope of Rome, Commemorated on February 18 ; Martyr Victor of Phrygia, Commemorated on February 18; St Agapitus the Confessor the Bishop of Synnada in Phrygia, Commemorated February 18; St Eustathius the Archbishop of Antioch, Commemorated on February 21; Venerable Timothy of Symbola in Bithynia, Commemorated February 21 ; St Athanasius the Confessor of Constantinople, Commemorated February 22 ; St Tarasius the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated on February 25; Repose of St Raphael the Bishop of Brooklyn, Commemorated on February 27; Hieromartyr Proterius the Patriarch of Alexandria, Commemorated on February 28 ; Martyr Eudokia of Heliopolis, Commemorated on March 1; St Hesychius the Faster of Bithynia, Commemorated on March 5; St Paul the Confessor the Bishop of Plusias in Bithynia, Commemorated on March 7; Hieromartyr Capiton of Cherson, Commemorated on March 7 ; St Theophylactus the Bishop of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 8; Martyr Urpasianus of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 9 ; Martyr Quadratus and the rest of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 10; St Sophronius the Patriarch of Jerusalem, Commemorated on March 11; Venerable Theophanes the Confessor of Sigriane, Commemorated on March 12; CYRIL OF JERUSALEM, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (18 MAR 386); Venerable Aninas of the Euphrates, Commemorated on March 18; Martyr Trophimus of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 18 ; Martyr Pancharius at Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 19; St Nicetas the Confessor the Archbishop of Apollonias in Bithynia, Commemorated on March 20; Venerable John the Clairvoyant, Anchorite, of Egypt, Commemorated on March 27; Venerable Hilarion the New the Abbot of Pelecete, Commemorated on March 28; Venerable Stephen the Wonderworker the Abbot of Tryglia, Commemorated on March 28; St Eustathius (Eustace) the Confessor, Bishop of Bithynia, Commemorated on March 29 ; Appearance of the Iveron Icon of the Mother of God, Commemorated on March 31; St Hypatius the Wonderworker and Bishop of Gangra, Commemorated on March 31; Venerable Hypatius the Abbot of Rufinus in Chalcedon, Commemorated on March 31; Venerable Macarius the Abbot of Pelecete, Commemorated on April 1; Venerable Nicetas the Confessor the Abbot of Medikion, Commemorated on April 3; St Plato the Confessor of Studion, Commemorated on April 5; St Methodius, Equal of the Apostles and Archbishop of Moravia, Enlightener of the Slavs, Commemorated on April 6; Hieromartyr Zeno the Bishop of Verona, Commemorated on April 12; Martyr Victor of Nicomedia, Commemorated on April 18; St Cosmas the Bishop of Chalcedon, Commemorated on April 18; Martyr Christopher at Nicomedia, Commemorated on April 19; Venerable Nicephorus the Abbot of Catabad, Commemorated on April 19; Martyr Isaac of Nicomedia, Commemorated on April 21; Greatmartyr, Victory-bearer and Wonderworker George, Commemorated on April 23; Martyr Eusebius and Others, at Nicomedia, Commemorated on April 24; MARTYRS OF ARMENIA, 24 April 1915 ; New Martyr Argyra, Commemorated on April 30; New Martyr Ignatius the Martyr of Mt Athos, Commemorated on May 1; Right-believing Tamara, Queen of Georgia, Commemorated on May 1; ATHANASIUS, BISHOP OF ALEXANDRIA, THEOLOGIAN, DOCTOR (2 MAY 373); St Athanasius the Great the Patriarch of Alexandria, Commemorated on May 2 ; St Michael of Ulompo, Georgia, Commemorated on May 3 ; Commemoration of the Apparition of the Sign of the Precious Cross Over Jerusalem, in 351 AD, Commemorated on May 7; St John Zedazneli of Zaden, in Georgia with his 12 Disciples, Commemorated on May 7; GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (9 MAY 389); Equal of the Apostles and Teacher of the Slavs, Methodius, Commemorated on May 11; St Epiphanius the Bishop of Cyprus, Commemorated on May 12; St Germanus the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on May 12; St Euthymius of Athos the translator, Commemorated on May 13; St Achilles the Bishop of Larissa, Commemorated on May 15 ; Martyr Solochon at Chalcedon, Commemorated on May 17; Hieromartyr Patrick the Bishop of Prusa with his companions, Commemorated on May 19; Equal of the Apostles and Emperor Constantine with his Mother Helen, Commemorated on May 21; St Michael the Confessor the Bishop of Synnada, Commemorated on May 23; St Nicetas the Bishop of Chalcedon, Commemorated on May 28; Martyr Lucillian and those who suffered with him at Byzantium Commemorated on June 3 EPHREM OF EDESSA, DEACON AND HYMN-WRITER (10 JUNE 373); Apostle Barnabas of the Seventy, Commemorated on June 11 ; St (John) Tornike of Mt Athos, Commemorated on June 12; St Anna and Her Son of Constantinople, Commemorated on June 13; St Anna and Her Son of Constantinople, Commemorated on June 13; BASIL THE GREAT, BISHOP, THEOLOGIAN (14 JUNE 379); Hieromartyr Eusebius the Bishop of Samosata, Commemorated on June 22; Venerable Peter of Constantinople, Commemorated on July 1; Jacob Riis of WALTER RAUSCHENBUSCH, WASHINGTON GLADDEN, and JACOB RIIS, PROPHETIC WITNESSES, 1918, 1918, 1914, Commemorated July 2; St Anatolius the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on July 3; Uncovering of the relics of the Venerable Sergius of Radonezh, Commemorated on July 5; Venerable Athanasius the Founder of the Great Lavra and Coenobitic Monasticism on Mt. Athos, Commemorated on July 5 ; Martyr Kyriake of Nicomedia, Commemorated on July 7; Martyr Epictetus the Presbyter at Halmyris, Commemorated on July 8;

Bithynia, 284-1413, Bithynia History Folder

Bithynia, 000, 1st Century Folder, Peter and Prochorus

Bithynia, 33-117, Holy Apostles ot70&first Deacons: Prochorus,Nicanor,Timon,& Parmenas, full HS&Wiscom, various times&places
Bithynia, 33-117, Holy Apostles of the Seventy and Deacons: Prochorus, Nicanor, Timon, and Parmenas, first Deacons otChurch, full Holy Spirit & Wiscom, various times&places, Prochorus wPeter&Bishop Nicomedia, after Dormition wJohn tPatmos, wrote down Book Revelation, returned Nicomedia, then Antioch pagans conversion & martyrdom, Nicanor martyred same day wStephen, Timon tBostra Arabia, into furnace bJews&pagans unharmed, crucified, Parmenas iMacedonia to 117 ; Nicomedia; Holy Apostles of the Seventy and Deacons: Prochorus, Nicanor, Timon, and Parmenas, Commemorated on July 28; Prochorus, Nicanor, Timon and Parmenas, Apostles of the Seventy were among the first deacons in the Church of Christ. the Acts of the Holy Apostles (6:1-6) it is said that the twelve Apostles chose seven men: Stephen, Philip, Prochorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas and Nicholas, full of the Holy Spirit and wisdom, and appointed them to serve as deacons. are commemorated together on July 28, although they died at various times and in various places. first, Saint Prochorus accompanied the holy Apostle Peter, who made him bishop in the city of Nicomedia. After the Dormition of the Most Holy Theotokos, Prochorus was a companion and coworker of the holy Apostle John the Theologian and was banished with him to the island of Patmos. There he wrote down the Book of Revelation concerning the final fate of the world. Upon returning to Nicomedia, Saint Prochorus converted pagans to Christ in the city of Antioch, where he suffered martyrdom. Saint Nicanor suffered on the same day that the holy Protomartyr Stephen (December 27) and many other Christians were killed by stoning, he is also commemorated on December 28. Timon was later appointed by the Apostles as bishop of the city of Bostra in Arabia and suffered from the Jews and pagans for preaching the Gospel. He was thrown into a furnace, but by the power of God he came out of it unharmed. The tradition of the Roman Church says that Saint Timon died by crucifixion. Saint Timon is also commemorated on December 30. Parmenas zealously preached Christ in Macedonia. He died after being afflicted with an illness. Some say that Saint Parmenas suffered martyrdom under Trajan (98-117) in the final year of his reign.

Bithynia, 200, 3rd Century Folder, Saints Autonomus and Pantaleon

Bithynia, 222-235, Martyr Theodota at Nicea, from Cappadocia, Armenia, felt no pain or scars from iron hooks
Bithynia, 222-235, Martyr Theodota at Nicea; Holy Martyr Theodota, a native of Cappadocia, suffered in the city of Nicea during the reign of the emperor Alexander Severus (222-235). At this time the governor of Cappadocia was a certain Symblicius. They told him that a rich woman named Theodota was confessing Christ. The governor summoned Theodota and for a long time urged her to turn from the true Faith. the futility of his attempts, he gave Theodota over to torture. They suspended her and began to rake her with iron hooks, but she did not feel any pain. Then they put her in chains and led her away to a prison cell. eight days, when they led the saint out for new tortures, only faint traces of the tortures already endured remained on her body. The governor was amazed and asked, “Who are you?” The saint answered: “Your mind is darkened, but if you were sober, then you would have realized that I am Theodota.” commanded the martyr to be cast into a red-hot furnace. Flames shot out from the furnace and scorched those standing nearby, while those remaining unharmed shut the furnace and scattered in fright. After a certain while, pagan priests came and opened the furnace to scatter the ashes of the martyr, but they too were burned by the flames. Those remaining unhurt saw Saint Theodota unharmed. She stood in the midst of the flames between two youths in white raiment, and was glorifying the Lord. This apparition so terrified the pagans that they fell down as if dead. Later, they returned the saint to prison. invincibility of the martyr gave Symblicius no peace. He made a journey to Byzantium, on the return trip he stopped over at Ancyra and tried to get the better of Theodota. He gave orders to throw her all at once onto red-hot iron, but again the martyr remained unharmed. Symblicius gave orders that the saint be taken to Nicea. There, in a pagan temple he wanted to compel her to offer sacrifice to the idols, but through the prayer of the saint, the idols fell and were shattered. The outraged governor gave orders to stretch the martyr out and saw through her body, but here also the power of God preserved the saint. The saw caused Theodota no harm, and the servants became exhausted. Finally, they beheaded the saint. Bishop Sophronius of Nicea buried her body. Nicea (Nicaea); Greatmartyr Euphemia the All-praised, Commemorated on July 11 ; MACRINA THE YOUNGER, MONASTIC AND TEACHER (19 JUL 379) ; Icon of the Mother of God of Armatia, Commemorated on July 21; Martyr Theodota in Bithynia, Commemorated on July 29; Righteous Nonna the mother of St Gregory the Theologian, Commemorated on August 5; Martyr Diomedes the Physician of Tarsus, in Cilicia, Commemorated on August 16; Icon of the Mother of God of Armatia, Commemorated on August 17; St Hosius the Confessor the Bishop of Cordova, Commemorated August 27 ; St Alexander the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on August 30; Fathers of the First Six Councils; First Council of Nicaea; Second Council of Nicaea; Martyr Theodota in Bithynia; Saint Sava I, first Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on August 30 and January 14; St Peter Bishop of Nicea, Commemorated September 10 ; Venerable Paul the Obedient, of the Kiev Caves, Commemorated on September 10; Martyr Theodota at Nicea, Commemorated on September 17 ; Arrival of the Iveron Icon of the Mother of God in Georgia, Commemorated on September 26 ; Martyr Polychronius the Presbyter, Commemorated on October 7 ; St Theophanes the Confessor and Hymnographer, Bishop of Nicea, Commemorated on October 11 ; St Hypatius of Gangra, Commemorated on November 16 ; Commemoration of the Holy Fathers of the Seventh Ecumenical Council; Martyr Eustathius of Nicea, Commemorated on November 20 ; NICHOLAS OF MYRA, FRIEND OF CHILDREN, GIVER OF GIFTS, CLIMBER OF CHIMNEYS, ETC. (6 DEC 326) ; St Paul the Bishop of Neocaesarea, Commemorated December 23 ; Venerable Theodore Graptus, "the branded," Confessor, Commemorated December 27 ; St Athanasius the Great the Archbishop of Alexandria, Commemorated on January 18 ; St Sava I, First Archbishop of Serbia; Martyr Neophytus of Nicea, Commemorated January 21; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated on January 28 ; Martyr Tryphon of Campsada Near Apamea in Syria, Commemorated on February 1 ; Icon of the Mother of God "Iveron", Commemorated February 12 ; St Eustathius the Archbishop of Antioch, Commemorated on February 21; St Tarasius the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated February 25; Martyr Antonina of Nicea, in Bithynia, Commemorated on March 1; Hieromartyr Capiton of Cherson, Commemorated on March 7 ; Martyr Quadratus and the rest of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 10; CYRIL OF JERUSALEM, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (18 MAR 386); Appearance of the Iveron Icon of the Mother of God, Commemorated on March 31; St Plato the Confessor of Studion, Commemorated on April 5; Hieromartyr Zeno the Bishop of Verona, Commemorated on April 12; ATHANASIUS, BISHOP OF ALEXANDRIA, THEOLOGIAN, DOCTOR (2 MAY 373); St Athanasius the Great the Patriarch of Alexandria, Commemorated on May 2 ; Commemoration of the Apparition of the Sign of the Precious Cross Over Jerusalem, in 351 AD, Commemorated on May 7; GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (9 MAY 389); St Epiphanius the Bishop of Cyprus, Commemorated on May 12; St Germanus the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on May 12; St Achilles the Bishop of Larissa, Commemorated on May 15 ; Equal of the Apostles and Emperor Constantine with his Mother Helen, Commemorated on May 21; St Michael the Confessor the Bishop of Synnada, Commemorated on May 23; EPHREM OF EDESSA, DEACON AND HYMN-WRITER (10 JUNE 373); BASIL THE GREAT, BISHOP, THEOLOGIAN (14 JUNE 379); Martyr Antonina of Nicea, Commemorated on June 13; Hieromartyr Eusebius the Bishop of Samosata, Commemorated on June 22; Venerable Athanasius the Founder of the Great Lavra and Coenobitic Monasticism on Mt. Athos, Commemorated on July 5 ;

Bithynia, 238-250, Tryphon, Lampsakos, Troy, deliverence power, healing, plague of locusts, evil spirit Emperor Gordian's daughter
Troy, 238-250, Tryphon, Lampsakos, Troy, deliverence power, healing, plague of locusts, evil spirit Emperor Gordian's daughter, confessed, tortures, clubs, iron hooks, fire, foot nails, no complaints, died right before beheading; Lampsakos; Lampsacus ; Martyr Tryphon of Campsada Near Apamea in Syria, Commemorated on February 1 ; Martyr Tryphon was born in Phrygia, one of the districts of Asia Minor, in the village of Lampsacus. From his early years the Lord granted him the power to cast out demons and to heal various maladies. He once saved the inhabitants of his native city from starvation. Saint Tryphon, by the power of his prayer, turned back a plague of locusts that were devouring the grain and devastating the fields. Tryphon gained particular fame by casting out an evil spirit from the daughter of the Roman emperor Gordian (238-244). Helping everyone in distress, he asked only one thing from them: faith in Jesus Christ, by Whose grace he healed them. the emperor Decius (249-251) assumed the imperial throne, he began a fierce persecution of Christians. Someone reported to the commander Aquilinus that Saint Tryphon was boldly preaching faith in Christ, and that he led many to Baptism. The saint was arrested and subjected to interrogation, during which he fearlessly confessed his faith. was subjected to harsh tortures: they beat him with clubs, raked his body with iron hooks, they scorched his flesh with fire, and led him through the city, after iron nails were hammered into his feet. Saint Tryphon bravely endured all the torments without complaint. he was condemned to beheading with a sword. The holy martyr prayed before his execution, thanking God for strengthening him in his sufferings. He also asked the Lord to bless those who should call upon his name for help. Just as the soldiers raised the sword over the head of the holy martyr, he surrendered his soul into the hands of God. This event occurred in the city of Nicea in the year 250. wrapped the holy body of the martyr in a clean shroud and wanted to bury him in the city of Nicea, where he suffered, but Saint Tryphon in a vision commanded them to take his body to his native land to the village of Lampsacus. Later on, the relics of Saint Tryphon were transferred to Constantinople, and then to Rome. Russia, Saint Tryphon is regarded as the patron saint of birds. There is a story that when Tsar Ivan the Terrible was out hunting, his falconer carelessly allowed the Tsar’s favorite falcon to fly away. The Tsar ordered the falconer Tryphon Patrikeiev to find the bird within three days, or else he would be put to death. Tryphon searched all through the forest, but without luck. the third day, exhausted by long searching, he returned to Moscow to the place called Marinaya Grove. Overcome with weariness, he lay down to rest, fervently praying to his patron saint, the Martyr Tryphon, for help. a dream he saw a youth on a white horse, holding the Tsar’s falcon on his hand. The youth said, “Take the lost bird, go to the Tsar and do not grieve.” When he awakened, the falconer actually spotted the falcon on a pine tree. He took it to the Tsar and told him about the miraculous help he received from the holy Martyr Tryphon. Grateful to Saint Tryphon for saving his life, Tryphon Patrikeiev built a chapel on the spot where the saint appeared. Later on, he also built a church dedicated to the holy Martyr Tryphon in Moscow. holy martyr is greatly venerated in the Russian Orthodox Church as the heavenly protector of Moscow. Many Russian icons depict the saint holding a falcon on his arm.

Bithynia, 249-251, Thyrsus, Leucius and Callinicus, Apollonia, Bithynia, ridiculed those who worship wood, toppled Apollo
Bithynia, 249-251, Thyrsus, Leucius and Callinicus, Apollonia, Bithynia, ridiculed those who worship wood, toppled Apollo, suffered under Decius, aCaesarea Bithynia, Leucius reproached tPerfect, Thyrsus eager for martydom refused sac tIdols, plus ridiculed wood&stone worship, arms legs pulled out sockets, eyes plucked, teeth shattered wHammer, taken tHeathen temple, prayers toppled Apollo statue, Perfect Cumbricius enraged increased torments, T endured&died peacefully, Pagan Priest Callinicus saw and converted; Bithynia, 249-251, Thyrsus, Leucius and Callinicus, Apollonia, Bithynia, ridiculed those who worship wood, toppled Apollo; Apollonia, in Bithynia , a promentory on the northeast shore near Golyazi ; Martyr Thyrsus of Apollonia, Commemorated December 14 ; Holy Martyrs Thyrsus, Leucius and Callinicus suffered for Christ under the emperor Decius (249-251) at Caesarea in Bithynia. Leucius, having reproached the prefect Cumbricius for his unjust persecution of Christians, was executed after being tortured. Thyrsus, who was still a catechumen, was nonetheless eager for martyrdom. He was sentenced to cruel tortures and torments after refusing to offer sacrifice to the idols. Citing the words of the Prophet Jeremiah (Jer. 2:27), he ridiculed those who worshiped wood and stone. saint’s arms and legs were pulled out of their sockets, his eyes were plucked out, and his teeth were shattered with a hammer. was taken to a heathen temple, where, by his prayers, he toppled a statue of Apollo. was enraged by this, and he ordered that greater torments be devised for the athlete of Christ. He endured them all and died peacefully after making the Sign of the Cross. pagan priest Callinicus, seeing the bravery and the miracle involving Saint Thyrsus, believed in Christ and boldly confessed the true Faith, for which he was beheaded.

Bithynia, 250, Paramon and the 370 Martyrs with him, Bithynia, P openly denounced cruel Gov, and confessed One true God, Jesus
Bithynai, 250, Paramon and the 370 Martyrs with him, Bithynia Province (Lower Sakarya River at its center), P openly denounced cruel Gov, and confessed One true God, Jesus; Bithynia Province (southwest coast of the Black Sea); Martyr Paramon and 370 Martyrs in Bithynia, Commemorated on November 29; Holy Martyr Paramon and the 370 Martyrs with him suffered for their faith in Christ in the year 250 during the rule of the emperor Decius (249-251). governor of the Eastern regions, Aquianus, had locked up 370 Christians in prison, urging them to abjure Christ and instead offer sacrifice to idols. subjected the captives to beatings, hoping by torture and the threat of death to persuade them to renounce Christ and worship the pagan gods. of the local inhabitants, Paramon by name, openly denounced the cruel governor and confessed his faith in the One True God, the Lord Jesus Christ. They beheaded Saint Paramon after fierce tortures, together with the other 370 martyrs.

Bithynia, 278-312, Clement of Ancyra, recoveries from extreme torturers by 7 Pagan Leaders over 28yrs, hMother's prophesy
Phrygia, 278-312, Saint Clement of Ancyra, recoveries from extreme torturers by 7 Pagan Leaders over 28yrs, hMother's prophesy, born 258 Ancyra, Galatia, christian mother, adopted bSophia who fed clothed abandoned children, Clement taught them fBaptism, reader deacon, then priest at 18, Ancyra Bishop a20, then Diocletian Persecution 284, tortured healed in Ancyra, hung on tree raked sharp iron entrals visible, mouth smashed wStones, turned on wheel burned over low fire, sent tDiocletion in Rome who did not believe, more Roman torture, , tPrison, Prison became church, many executed, t Maximian iNicomedia, on ship joined by Agathangelus, Maximian sent them to governor Agrippina, inhuman torments, on-lookers pity, pelted torturers wStones, C&A set free, they healed inhabitant laying on oHands, they baptized&taught throngs, arrested sent home new ruler cyrenius tortured them, tAmasea proconsul Dometius, cruelty, whole day in hot lime, unharmed, flayed, beat iron rods, red-hot beds, sulfur on wounds, healed, sent tTarsus, on the way Clement revelation 28yrs suffer for Christ, there multitude of tortures then tPrison, A beheaded Nov 5, C freed tCave church, announced martyrdom at Liturgy, beheaded while serving Liturgy Jan 23; Ancyra; Hieromartyr Clement the Bishop of Ancyra, Commemorated on January 23 ; Hieromartyr Clement was born in the Galatian city of Ancyra in the year 258, a pagan father and a Christian mother. He lost his father when he was an infant, and his mother when he was twelve. predicted a martyr’s death for him because of his belief in Christ. woman named Sophia adopted him and raised him in the fear of God. a terrible famine in Galatia several pagans turned out their own children, not having the means to feed them. took in these unfortunates, and fed and clothed them. Clement assisted her in this. He taught the children and prepared them for Baptism. of them died as martyrs for Christ. Clement was made a reader, and later a deacon. he was eighteen he was ordained to the holy priesthood, at age twenty he was consecrated Bishop of Ancyra. afterwards the persecution against Christians under Diocletian (284-305) broke out. Clement was denounced as a Christian and arrested. the governor of Galatia, tried to make the saint worship the pagan gods, Saint Clement firmly confessed his faith and valiantly withstood all the tortures. suspended him on a tree, and raked his body with sharp iron instruments so that his entrails could be seen. smashed his mouth with stones, they turned him on a wheel and burned him over a low fire. Lord preserved His sufferer and healed his lacerated body. Dometian sent the saint to Rome to the emperor Diocletian himself, with a report that Bishop Clement had been fiercely tortured, but had proven unyielding. seeing the martyr completely healthy, did not believe the report and subjected him to even crueler tortures, and then had him locked up in prison. of the pagans, seeing the bravery of the saint and the miraculous healing of his wounds, believed in Christ. flocked to Saint Clement in prison for guidance, healing and Baptism, so that the prison was literally transformed into a church. word of this reached the emperor, many of these new Christians were executed. struck by the amazing endurance of Saint Clement, sent him to Nicomedia to his co-emperor Maximian. the ship, the saint was joined by his disciple Agathangelus, who had avoided being executed with the other confessors, who now wanted to suffer and die for Christ with Bishop Clement. emperor Maximian in turn sent Saints Clement and Agathangelus to the governor Agrippina, who subjected them to such inhuman torments, that even the pagan on-lookers felt pity for the martyrs and they began to pelt the torturers with stones. been set free, the saints healed an inhabitant of the city through the laying on of hands and they baptized and instructed people, thronging to them in multitudes. again on orders of Maximian, they were sent home to Ancyra, where the ruler Cyrenius had them tortured. they were sent to the city of Amasea to the proconsul Dometius, known for his great cruelty. Amasea, the martyrs were thrown into hot lime. spent a whole day in it and remained unharmed. flayed them, beat them with iron rods, set them on red-hot beds, and poured sulfur on their bodies. this failed to harm the saints, they were sent to Tarsus for new tortures. the wilderness along the way Saint Clement had a revelation that he would suffer a total of twenty-eight years for Christ. having endured a multitude of tortures, the saints were locked up in prison. Agathangelus was beheaded with the sword on November 5. Christians of Ancyra freed Saint Clement from prison and took him to a cave church. after celebrating Liturgy, the saint announced to the faithful the impending end of the persecution and his own martyrdom. January 23, the holy hierarch was killed by soldiers from the city, who stormed the church. The saint was beheaded as he stood before the altar and offered the Bloodless Sacrifice. deacons, Christopher and Chariton, were beheaded with him, but no one else was harmed. Phrygia, 278-312, Saint Clement of Ancyra; Clement, Bishop of Ancyra or simply Clement of Ancyra (c. 258-312) (born in Ancyra present-day Turkey) a bishop who served during the rule of Roman emperor Diocletian. He was arrested by Roman authorities and tried by Diocletian. Emperor Diocletian attempted to convert Clement to Paganism but Clement refused and withstood tremendous torture. was eventually beheaded by a Roman soldier whilst he was celebrating the Divine Liturgy in the year 312.[1] He is venerated on 23 January according to the Gregorian calendar and on 5 February according to the Julian calendar in some Eastern Orthodox countries together with his disciple Agathangelus of Rome. relics are in the saint's altar in the basilica of Our Lady of Trapani in Trapani.[2] Saint Clement Church is the only structure survived from the Byzantine era in Ankara.[3]

Bithynia, 284-303, Italian and Bithynian Saint Autonomus, chruch builder, martyr, incorrupt relics
Bithynia, 284-303, Italian and Bithynian Saint Autonomus; Hieromartyr Autonomus the Bishop in Italy, Commemorated on September 12; Hieromartyr Autonomus was a bishop in Italy. During the time of the persecution against Christians under the emperor Diocletian (284-305), Autonomus left his own country and resettled in Bithynia, in the locality of Soreus with a man named Cornelius. Saint Autonomus did his apostolic duty with zeal and converted to Christ so many pagans, that a large Church was formed, for which he consecrated a temple in the name of the Archangel Michael. For this church, the saint at first ordained Cornelius as deacon, and then presbyter. Preaching about Christ, Saint Autonomus visited also Lykaonia and Isauria. emperor Diocletian gave orders to arrest Saint Autonomus, but the saint withdrew to Claudiopolis on the Black Sea. In returning to Soreus, he had the priest Cornelius ordained bishop. Saint Autonomus then went to Asia, and when he had returned from there, he began to preach in the vicinity of Limna, near Soreus. the newly-converted destroyed a pagan temple. The pagans decided to take revenge on the Christians. Seizing their chance, the pagans rushed upon the church of the Archangel Michael when Saint Autonomus was serving Divine Liturgy there. After torturing Saint Autonomus they killed him, reddening the altar of the church with his martyr’s blood. The deaconess Maria removed the body of the holy martyr from beneath a pile of stones and buried it. the reign of Saint Constantine the Great, a church was built over the tomb of the saint. In the year 430, a certain priest had the old church pulled down. Not realizing that the martyr’s body had been buried beneath the church, he rebuilt the church in a new spot. But after another 60 years the relics of the saint were found incorrupt, and a church was then built in the name of the Hieromartyr Autonomus.

Bithynia, 284-304, Saints, Cyprian and Justina, Pagan Priest Magician, Virgin bridegroom of Christ
Bithynia, 284-304, Saints, Cyprian and Justina; Cyprian and Justina are honored in the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church and Oriental Orthodoxy as Christians of Antioch, who in 304, during the persecution of Diocletian, suffered martyrdom at Nicomedia (modern-day İzmit, Turkey) on September 26. According to Roman Catholic sources, no Bishop of Antioch bore the name of Cyprian.[1] story must have arisen as early as the 4th century, as it is mentioned by both St. Gregory Nazianzen and Prudentius; both, nevertheless, have conflated Cyprian with St. Cyprian of Carthage, a mistake often repeated. The attempt has been made to find in Cyprian a mystical prototype of the Faustian legend. The legend is given in Greek and Latin in Acta SS. September, VII. Ancient Syriac and Ethiopic versions of it have been published.[1] Their story is told in the Golden Legend. outline of the legend or allegory is found with diffuse descriptions and dialogues in the unreliable "Symeon Metaphrastes" and was made the subject of a poem by Empress Aelia Eudocia.[1] Saint Cyprian and the demon, 14th-century manuscript of the Golden Legend. known by the title of "the Magician", to distinguish him from Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage, received a liberal education in his youth, and particularly applied himself to astrology; after which he traveled for improvement through Greece, Egypt, India, etc.[2] Cyprian was a magician in Antioch and dealt in sorcery. is known for converting Cyprian,[3] and is said to have been a young woman who took private vows of chastity. She was killed during the persecutions of the Roman emperor Diocletian in the year 304 AD. would-be suitor sought the aid of Cyprian's magic to induce Justina into marrying him. The charms and spells had no effect on Justina, who spent her time in prayer and fasting. Brought to despair, Cyprian made the Sign of the cross himself and in this way was freed from the toils of Satan. He was received into the Church, was made pre-eminent by miraculous gifts, and became in succession deacon, priest and, finally, bishop, while Justina became abbess of a convent.[4] the Diocletian Persecution, both were seized and taken to Damascus, where they were tortured. As their faith never wavered, they were brought before Diocletian at Nicomedia, where at his command they were beheaded[4] on the bank of the Gallus River, a tributary of the Sakarya River. The same fate befell a man named Theoctistus, who upon observing Cyprian's faith, declared himself a Christian.[4] After the bodies of the saints had lain unburied for six days, they were taken by Christian sailors to Rome, where they were interred on the estate of a noble lady named Rufina and later entombed in Constantine's basilica. is mentioned in Foxe's Book of Martyrs. It was under the 10th Persecution in 303 AD while Diocletian was Emperor of Rome. It says: " In the course of time he [Cyprian] became acquainted with Justina, a young lady of Antioch, whose birth, beauty, and accomplishments, rendered her the admiration of all who knew her. A pagan gentleman applied to Cyprian, to promote his suit with the beautiful Justina; this he undertook, but soon himself converted, burnt his books of astrology and magic, received baptism, and felt animated with a powerful spirit of grace. The conversion of Cyprian had a great effect on the pagan gentleman who paid his addresses to Justina, and he in a short time embraced Christianity. During the persecutions of Diocletian, Cyprian and Justina were seized upon as Christians, the former was torn with pincers, and the latter chastised; and, after suffering other torments, both were beheaded."[citation needed] and liturgical celebration feast day appeared in the General Roman Calendar of Roman Rite from the thirteenth century until it was deleted in 1969 because of the lack of historical evidence of their existence.[5] Their names were also removed from the 2001 revision of the Roman Martyrology, the official but professedly incomplete list of saints recognized by the Roman Catholic Church. The Roman Martyrology, however, includes five other saints called Cyprian and two named Justina. Some traditionalist Catholics continue to observe their feast based on pre-1970 versions of the Roman Calendar. popular culture Spanish author, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, took the story as the basis of a drama: El mágico prodigioso. In 2005, American author Tono Rondone published a novel, The Martyrs, which is a continuation of this tradition. [6] Great Book of Saint Cyprian is full of prayers and spells, and is widely sold in the Portuguese- and Spanish-speaking world. is a popular name for a grimoire in Scandinavian folklore. Nicomedia; Hieromartyr Cyprian, Virgin Martyr Justina, and Martyr Theoctistus, of Nicomedia, Commemorated on October 2; Cyprian was a pagan and a native of Antioch. From his early childhood his misguided parents dedicated him to the service of the pagan gods. From the age seven until he was thirty, Cyprian studied at the leading centers of paganism: on Mount Olympus; in the cities of Argos and Tauropolis; in the Egyptian city of Memphis; and at Babylon. Once he attained eminent wisdom in pagan philosophy and the sorcerer’s craft, he was initiated into the pagan priesthood on Mount Olympus. Having discovered great power by summoning unclean spirits, he beheld the Prince of Darkness himself, speaking with him and receiving from him a host of demons to serve him. returning to Antioch, Cyprian was revered by the pagans as a prominent pagan priest, amazing people with his ability to cast spells, to summon pestilence and plagues, and to conjure up the dead. He brought many people to ruin, teaching them to serve the demons, and how to cast magic spells. holy virgin Justina lived in Antioch. After turning her own father and mother away from the error of paganism and leading them to faith in Christ, she dedicated herself to the Heavenly Bridegroom and spent her time in fasting and prayer. When the young man Aglaidas proposed marriage to her, the saint refused, for she wished to remain a virgin. sought Cyprian’s help. He said that he would arrange for Justina's heart to become filled with lust for the young man. No matter what Cyprian tried, he accomplished nothing, since the Saint overcame all the wiles of the devil by prayer and fasting. sent an unclean spirit to attack the holy virgin, and to arouse carnal passions in her, but she overcame them by the power of the Sign of the Cross, and by fervent prayer to the Lord. though one of the demons, and Cyprian himself, assumed various guises by the power of sorcery, they were unable to influence Saint Justina, who was guarded by her firm faith in Christ. All the spells were dissipated, and the demons fled at the mention of Justina's name. in his rage, sent down pestilence and plague upon Justina’s family and upon the entire city, but this was thwarted by her prayer. The sorcerer brought tribulation not only upon Justina and her family, but upon the entire city as well. Rumors spread that the city was being punished because Justina would not wed Aglaias. Several people went to her and demanded that she marry Aglaias so that Cyprian would not punish them with more afflictions. Justina calmed them and assured them that soon the misfortunes which Cyprian caused with the help of the demons would end. Saint Justina prayed to God, the power of the demons was destroyed, and everyone was healed of their illnesses and afflictions. began to praise Christ, and to mock Cyprian and his sorcery. Convinced that the devil was powerless against the Sign of the Cross, and trembled at the name of Christ, Cyprian came to his senses and realized that he had been corrupted by becoming a sorcerer, and participating in every sort of wickedness, doing harm to others and deceiving them. He killed many with his spells and potions, and he murdered many men and women as sacrificial offerings to the demons. He was already a partaker of the portion of the demons, and if he had died at that moment, he would have been cast into the depths of Hell. The Lord, however, in His infinite compassion, saved him from the abyss. Cyprian saw that the devil whom he served was afraid of Christ. The Evil One admitted that he was unable to conquer the maiden because he was afraid of "a certain sign" upon her. “If you take fright at even the mere shadow of the Cross and if the mere name of Christ makes you tremble,” said Cyprian, “then what will you do when Christ Himself stands before you?” devil then threw himself upon the pagan priest and attempted to beat and strangle him. For the first time, Saint Cyrian tested the power of the Sign of the Cross and the name of Christ, guarding himself from the fury of the Enemy. Afterward, he went to the local bishop Anthimos in profound repentance, and threw all of his books into the flames. The very next day, he went into the church, and did not want to leave it, even though he had not yet been baptized. his efforts to follow after righteousness, Saint Cyprian understood the great power of faith in Christ, making up for more than thirty years of service to Satan. Seven days after his Baptism he was tonsured as a reader, on the twelfth day, subdeacon, on the thirtieth, deacon. After a year, he was ordained as a priest. Shortly after this, Saint Cyprian was elevated to the rank of bishop. Cyprian converted so many pagans to Christ that in his diocese no one was left to offer sacrifice to idols, and the pagan temples fell into disuse. Saint Justina withdrew to a monastery and was chosen as its Superior. the persecution against Christians under Enperor Diocletian, Bishop Cyprian and Saint Justina were arrested and brought to Nicomedia, where after horrible tortures they were beheaded with the sword. Saint Cyprian, fearful that the holy virgin’s courage might falter if she saw him put to death, asked for time to pray. Saint Justina inclined her neck and was beheaded first. seeing the torments of Saint Justina, a soldier named Theoktistos fell at Cyprian’s feet and declared himself a Christian, and he was beheaded with them. Hieromartyr Cyprian, the Virgin Martyr Justina, and the Martyr Theoktistos suffered for Christ at Nicomedia in the year 304. relics of Saints Cyprian and Justina are to be found in various places around the world. One of Saint Cyprian's feet is at Iviron Monastery on Mount Athos. A piece of Saint Cyprian's skull is in the church named for these Saints at Menikos Nicosia. A small piece of Saint Justina's skull is there as well. Fragments of the Holy Relics of Saints Cyprian and Justina are in the Monastery which is dedicated to them at Phylḗ, Attica. The head of Saint Justina is located in the Monastery of Panagia Panachrantou (the All-Holy Theotokos) on the Greek island if Andros. Part of the hand of Saint Cyprian is located in the Zlătari church (Calea Victoriei 14, Bucharest Romania)

Bithynia, 284-305, Antonina of Nicea, Diocletian Persecution, Angels scared excutnrs, unharmed by hot metal bed, in lake in sack
Bithynia, 284-305, Antonina of Nicea, Bithynia (on Lake Ascanius in Lower Sakarya), Diocletian Persecution, Angels scared executioners, unharmed by hot metal bed, into lake in sack; Nicea (Nicaea); Martyr Antonina of Nicea, in Bithynia, Commemorated on March 1; Holy Martyr Antonina suffered at Nicea during a persecution under the emperor Maximian (284-305). After fierce tortures, Saint Antonina was thrown into prison, but Maximian could not force the saint to renounce Christ and offer sacrifice to idols. of God appeared to the holy martyr and the executioners took fright. Even when they placed her on a red-hot metal bed, Saint Antonina remained unharmed, by the power of God. Finally, after long torture they sewed the saint into a sack and sank it in a lake.

Bithynia, 284-305, Antonina of Nicea, Bithynia, survived fire, red hot plate, red hot rods into hands & feet
Bithynia, 284-305, Antonina of Nicea, Bithynia (on Lake Ascanius in Lower Sakarya), survived various tortures, burned, red hot plate, red hot rods bored into hands and feet; Nicea (Nicaea); Martyr Antonina of Nicea, Commemorated on June 13; Holy Martyr Antonina suffered during the third century under Diocletian (284-305) in the city of Nicea. tortured her in various ways: they burned her with fire, they put her on a red-hot plate, they bored into her hands and feet with red-hot rods and they threw her in prison, where she languished for two days. torments did not break Saint Antonina’s spirit, and to her very death she confessed her faith in Christ. They threw the holy martyr into the sea.

Bithynia, 284-305, Saint, Panteleimon, Healer, dead child in street, snake, envious doctors, healing contest
Nicomedia; Bithynia, 284-305, Saint, Panteleimon, Healer; Greatmartyr and Healer Panteleimon, Commemorated on July 27; Great Martyr and Healer Panteleimon was born in the city of Nicomedia into the family of the illustrious pagan Eustorgius, and he was named Pantoleon. His mother Saint Euboula (March 30) was a Christian. She wanted to raise her son in the Christian Faith, but she died when the future martyr was just a young child. His father sent Pantoleon to a pagan school, after which the young man studied medicine at Nicomedia under the renowned physician Euphrosynus. Pantoleon came to the attention of the emperor Maximian (284-305), who wished to appoint him as royal physician when he finished his schooling. hieromartyrs Hermolaus, Hermippus and Hermocrates, survivors of the massacre of 20,000 Christians in 303 (December 28), were living secretly in Nicomedia at that time. Saint Hermolaus saw Pantoleon time and again when he came to the house where they were hiding. Once, the priest invited the youth to the house and spoke about the Christian Faith. After this Pantoleon visited Saint Hermolaus every day. day the saint found a dead child on the street. He had been bitten by a great snake, which was still beside the child’s body. Pantoleon began to pray to the Lord Jesus Christ to revive the dead child and to destroy the venomous reptile. He firmly resolved that if his prayer were fulfilled, he would become a follower of Christ and receive Baptism. The child rose up alive, and the snake died before Pantoleon’s eyes. this miracle, Pantoleon was baptized by Saint Hermolaus with the name Panteleimon (meaning “all-merciful”). Speaking with Eustorgius, Saint Panteleimon prepared him to accept Christianity. When the father saw how his son healed a blind man by invoking Jesus Christ, he then believed in Christ and was baptized by Saint Hermolaus together with the man whose sight was restored. the death of his father, Saint Panteleimon dedicated his life to the suffering, the sick, the unfortunate and the needy. He treated all those who turned to him without charge, healing them in the name of Jesus Christ. He visited those held captive in prison. These were usually Christians, and he healed them of their wounds. In a short time, reports of the charitable physician spread throughout the city. Forsaking the other doctors, the inhabitants began to turn only to Saint Panteleimon. envious doctors told the emperor that Saint Panteleimon was healing Christian prisoners. Maximian urged the saint to refute the charge by offering sacrifice to idols. Saint Panteleimon confessed himself a Christian, and suggested that a sick person, for whom the doctors held out no hope, should be brought before the emperor. Then the doctors could invoke their gods, and Panteleimon would pray to his God to heal the man. A man paralyzed for many years was brought in, and pagan priests who knew the art of medicine invoked their gods without success. Then, before the very eyes of the emperor, the saint healed the paralytic by calling on the name of Jesus Christ. The ferocious Maximian executed the healed man, and gave Saint Panteleimon over to fierce torture. Lord appeared to the saint and strengthened him before his sufferings. They suspended the Great Martyr Panteleimon from a tree and scraped him with iron hooks, burned him with fire and then stretched him on the rack, threw him into a cauldron of boiling tar, and cast him into the sea with a stone around his neck. Throughout these tortures the martyr remained unhurt, and denounced the emperor. this time the priests Hermolaus, Hermippus and Hermocrates were brought before the court of the pagans. All three confessed their faith in the Savior and were beheaded (July 26). order of the emperor they brought the Great Martyr Panteleimon to the circus to be devoured by wild beasts. The animals, however, came up to him and licked his feet. The spectators began to shout, “Great is the God of the Christians!” The enraged Maximian ordered the soldiers to stab with the sword anyone who glorified Christ, and to cut off the head of the Great Martyr Panteleimon. led the saint to the place of execution and tied him to an olive tree. While the martyr prayed, one of the soldiers struck him with a sword, but the sword became soft like wax and inflicted no wound. The saint completed his prayer, and a Voice was heard from Heaven, calling the passion-bearer by his new name and summoning him to the heavenly Kingdom. the Voice, the soldiers fell down on their knees before the holy martyr and begged forgiveness. They refused to continue with the execution, but Saint Panteleimon told them to fulfill the emperor’s command, because otherwise they would have no share with him in the future life. The soldiers tearfully took their leave of the saint with a kiss. the saint was beheaded, the olive tree to which the saint was tied became covered with fruit. Many who were present at the execution believed in Christ. The saint’s body was thrown into a fire, but remained unharmed, and was buried by Christians. Saint Panteleimon’s servants Laurence, Bassos and Probus witnessed his execution and heard the Voice from Heaven. They recorded the life, the sufferings and death of the saint. of the holy relics of the Great Martyr Panteleimon were distributed throughout all the Christian world. His venerable head is now located at the Russian monastery of Saint Panteleimon on Mt. Athos. veneration of the holy martyr in the Russian Orthodox Church was already known in the twelfth century. Prince Izyaslav (in Baptism, Panteleimon), the son of Saint Mstislav the Great, had an image of Saint Panteleimon on his helmet. Through the intercession of the saint he remained alive during a battle in the year 1151. On the Feast of the Great Martyr Panteleimon, Russian forces won two naval victories over the Swedes (in 1714 near Hanhauze and in 1720 near Grenham). Panteleimon is venerated in the Orthodox Church as a mighty saint, and the protector of soldiers. This aspect of his veneration is derived from his first name Pantoleon, which means “a lion in everything”. His second name, Panteleimon, given him at Baptism, which means “all-merciful”, is manifest in the veneration of the martyr as a healer. The connection between these two aspects of the saint is readily apparent in that soldiers, receiving wounds more frequently than others, are more in need of a physician-healer. Christians waging spiritual warfare also have recourse to this saint, asking him to heal their spiritual wounds. holy Great Martyr and Healer Panteleimon is invoked in the Mystery of Anointing the Sick, at the Blessing of Water, and in the Prayers for the Sick. Martyr Anicetus of Nicomedia, Commemorated on August 12; Martyr Diomedes the Physician of Tarsus, in Cilicia, Commemorated on August 16; Martyr Straton of Nicomedia, Commemorated August 17 ; Martyr Kyriake of Nicomedia; Martyr Agathonicus of Nicomedia, and others who suffered under Maximian, Commemorated on August 22; Martyr Adrian of Nicomedia, Commemorated on August 26 ; St Alexander the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on August 30; Martyr Callista with her brothers at Nicomedia, Commemorated September 1 ; 3,628 Martyrs who suffered at Nicomedia, Commemorated September 2 ; Hieromartyr Anthimus the Bishop of Nicomedia, Commemorated on September 3; Martyr Theophilus the Deacon of Nicomedia, Commemorated September 3 ; Martyr Basilissa of Nicomedia, Commemorated on September 3; Martyr Babylas of Nicomedia, Commemorated September 4 ; Martyr Theodore of Nicomedia, Commemorated September 4 ; Martyr Urban and 79 Companions at Nicomedia, Commemorated September 5 ; Martyr Menodora at Nicomedia, Commemorated on September 10 ; St Coronatus the Bishop of Nicomedia, Commemorated September 12 ; Hieromartyr Cyprian of Nicomedia, Commemorated on October 2 ; 20,000 Martyrs of Nicomedia, Commemorated on December 28 ; Martyr Callisthene and her father Audactus of Ephesus ; Martyr Eulampius at Nicomedia, Commemorated October 10 ; 200 Martyrs with Eulampius and Eulampia at Nicomedia, Commemorated October 10 ; Martyr Lucian the Presbyter of Antioch, Commemorated on October 15 ; Martyr Dasius at Nicomedia, Commemorated on October 21; St Paul the Confessor the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated on November 6 ; Virginmartyr Juliana of Nicomedia, Commemorated on December 21 ; The Nativity of our Lord God and Savior Jesus Christ; Afterfeast of the Nativity of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, Commemorated December 28; 20,000 Martyrs of Nicomedia, Commemorated December 28 ; Martyr Philetairus of Nicomedia, Commemorated December 30 ; Apostle Prochorus the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Hieromartyr Theopemptus the Bishop of Nicomedia, Commemorated January 5 ; Venerable Syncletica of Alexandria, Commemorated on January 5 ; Virginmartyr Euphrasia of Nicomedia, Commemorated January 19 ; Martyr Bassus at Nicomedia, Commemorated January 20 ; Hieromartyr Clement the Bishop of Ancyra, Commemorated on January 23 ; 1,003 Martyrs of Nicomedia,Commemorated February 7 ; St Athanasius the Confessor of Constantinople, Commemorated February 22 ; St Theophylactus the Bishop of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 8; Theophylactus lived at Constantinople in the eighth century during the time of the Iconoclast heresy. After the death of the iconoclast emperor Leo IV the Khazar (775-780), Emperor Constantine VI (780-797) ascended the throne. At the same time, the holy Patriarch Paul (August 30), not having the strength to continue guiding the flock in the face of iconoclasm, voluntarily resigned his office (784). Saint Tarasius (February 25) was chosen in his place. At that time, he was an eminent imperial counselor. Under the supervision of the new Patriarch the Seventh Ecumenical Council (787) was convened to condemn the Iconoclast heresy. A relatively peaceful time began for the Church, and monasteries again began to fill with monks. Theophylactus, a gifted disciple of Saint Tarasius, with the blessing of the Patriarch, went to a monastery on the coast of the Black Sea with Saint Michael (May 23). The zealous ascetics by their God-pleasing labors and intense prayer were granted the gift of wonderworking by God. During a drought, when the workers in the field were weakened by thirst, the saints prayed and an empty vessel became filled with enough water to last the entire day. several years in the monastery, they were both consecrated as bishops by Patriarch Tarasius. Saint Michael was made Bishop of Synada, and Saint Theophylactus was made Bishop of Nicomedia. the Church of Nicomedia, Saint Theophylactus cared for the flock entrusted to him. He built churches, hospices, homes for wanderers, he generously distributed alms, was the guardian of orphans, widows and the sick, and personally attended those afflicted with leprosy, not hesitating to wash their wounds. the iconoclast Leo the Armenian (813-820) came to the imperial throne, the terrible heresy burst forth with renewed strength. the iconoclast emperor was not able to influence Saint Nicephorus (June 2), the successor of Patriarch Tarasius, who with the other bishops vainly urged Leo not to destroy the peace of the Church. Saint Theophylactus was present at the negotiations of the emperor with the Patriarch. Denouncing the heretics, Saint Theophylactus predicted a speedy death for Leo the Armenian. For his bold prophecy the saint was sent into exile to the fortress Strobil (in Asia Minor). He languished for thirty years until his death, which took place around the year 845. the restoration of icon-veneration in the year 847 under the empress Saint Theodora (February 11) and her son Michael, the holy relics of Saint Theophylactus were returned to Nicomedia. Martyr Urpasianus of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 9 ; Martyr Quadratus and the rest of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 10; Martyr Trophimus of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 18; Martyr Pancharius at Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 19; St Plato the Confessor of Studion, Commemorated on April 5; Martyr Victor of Nicomedia, Commemorated on April 18; Martyr Christopher at Nicomedia, Commemorated on April 19; Martyr Isaac of Nicomedia, Commemorated on April 21; Greatmartyr, Victory-bearer and Wonderworker George, Commemorated on April 23; Martyr Eusebius and Others, at Nicomedia, Commemorated on April 24; ATHANASIUS, BISHOP OF ALEXANDRIA, THEOLOGIAN, DOCTOR (2 MAY 373); St Michael the Confessor the Bishop of Synnada, Commemorated on May 23; Martyr Lucillian and those who suffered with him at Byzantium, Commemorated on June 3; Martyr Kyriake of Nicomedia, Commemorated on July 7;

Bithynia, 300, 4th Century Folder, Great Martyr George and First E Council

Bithynia, 301-311, Martyrs Menodora, Metrodora, and Nymphodora, special piety, healings, martyrdom, fire, rain
Bithynia, 300-311, Martyrs Menodora, Metrodora, and Nymphodora; Great Martyr George, died in Nicomedia, 303; Martyr Menodora at Nicomedia, Commemorated on September 10; Holy Virgins Menodora, Nymphodora, and Metrodora (305-311), were sisters from Bithynia (Asia Minor). Distinguished for their special piety, they wanted to preserve their virginity and avoid worldly associations. They chose a solitary place for themselves in the wilderness and spent their lives in deeds of fasting and prayer. of the holy life of the virgins soon spread, since healings of the sick began to occur through their prayers. The Bithynia region was governed at that time by a man named Frontonus, who ordered that the sisters be arrested and brought before him. first he tried to persuade them to renounce Christ, promising great honors and rewards. But the holy sisters steadfastly confessed their faith before him, rejecting all his suggestions. They told him that they did not value the temporal things of this world, and that they were prepared to die for their Heavenly Bridegroom, for death would be their gateway to eternal life. into a rage, the governor took out his wrath on Saint Menodora, the eldest sister. She was stripped of her clothes and beaten by four men, while a herald urged her to offer sacrifice to the gods. The saint bravely endured the torments and cried out, “Sacrifice? Can’t you see that I am offering myself as a sacrifice to my God?” Then they renewed their torments with even greater severity. Then the martyr cried out, “ Lord Jesus Christ, joy of my heart, my hope, receive my soul in peace.” With these words she gave up her soul to God, and went to her Heavenly Bridegroom. days later, they brought the two younger sisters Metrodora and Nymphodora to the court. They showed them the battered body of their older sister to frighten them. The virgins wept over her, but remained steadfast. Saint Metrodora was tortured. She died, crying out to her beloved Lord Jesus Christ with her last breath. Then they turned to the third sister, Nymphodora. Before her lay the bruised bodies of her sisters. Frontonus hoped that this sight would intimidate the young virgin. that he was charmed by her youth and beauty, he urged her to worship the pagan gods, promising great rewards and honors. Saint Nymphodora scoffed at his words, and shared the fate of her older sisters. She was tortured and beaten to death with iron rods. bodies of the holy martyrs were to be burned in a fire, but a heavy rain extinguished the blazing fire, and lightning struck down Frontonus and his servant. Christians took up the bodies of the holy sisters and reverently buried them at the so-called Warm Springs at Pythias (Bithynia). of the relics of the holy martyrs are preserved on Mt. Athos in the Protection cathedral of the Saint Panteleimon Russian monastery, and the hand of Saint Metrodora is on the Holy Mountain in the monastery of the Pantocrator. St Theodore the Sykeote the Bishop of Anastasiopolis, Commemorated on April 22 ;

Bithynia, 303, Euphrasia oNicomedia, Bithynia, beautiful, proposed protective herb tBarbarian, had him strike one on her neck
Bithynia, 303, Euphrasia oNicomedia, Bithynia (Lower Sakarya), illustrious family, beautiful christian, Maximian persecution, refused idol sacrifice, beaaten, given tBarbarian to be violated, prayed tLord fPreserve virginity, answered, she suggested special herb to protect him in battle, put one on her neck, asked him to strike the herb to prove its value for him, so God protected her when her head fell off; Nicomedia; Virginmartyr Euphrasia of Nicomedia, Commemorated January 19 ; Holy Virgin Martyr Euphrasia was born at Nicomedia into an illustrious family. was a Christian, and was noted for her beauty. the persecution of Christians by Maximian, the pagans tried to compel Euphrasia to offer sacrifice to idols. she refused, she was beaten, and then given to a certain barbarian to be violated. saint prayed tearfully to the Lord that He would preserve her virginity, and God heard her prayer. Euphrasia suggested to the barbarian that if he would not defile her, she would give him a special herb which would protect him from enemy weapons and death. this herb, she explained, held its power only when received from a virgin and not from a woman. soldier believed Saint Euphrasia and went with her into the garden. holy virgin picked the herb, then offered to demonstrate its power. placed the herb on her neck and told the man to strike her with his sword. a mighty blow, he cut off her head. her prayer was answered, and the wise virgin offered her soul to God in 303, safeguarding her bodily purity.

Bithynia, 303, Bassos, Eusebios, Eutychios & Basileides, Senators & Martyrs, witnessed Theopemptos martyrdom, no fear whatsoever
Bithynia, 303, Bassos, Eusebios, Eutychios & Basileides, Senators & Martyrs, witnessed Theopemptos martyrdom, no fear whatsoever, eager for martyrdom, removed belts, symbols of rank, submitted tSevere tortures, Bassos buried tWaist, upper body cut tPieces, Eusebios suspended head down, limbs cut off, Eutychios tied to 4 poles hands and feet and pulled apart, Basileides stabbed in he stomach w/knifer; Martyrs Bassus, Eusebius, Euthychius, and Basileides, at Nicomedia, Commemorated on January 20; Eusebios, Eutychios and Basileides lived during the reign of Emperor Diocletian (284-305), suffered martyrdom in 303. were wealthy and members of the Senate. came to believe in Christ and were baptized after witnessing the martyrdom of Bishop Theopemptos of Nicomedia (January 5), endured with spiritual bravery the horrible tortures to which the pagans had had subjected him. idolaters denounced these men as Christians and brought them before the emperor because they refused to worship the gods of the pagans. Saints showed no fear whatsoever, boldly proclaimed their faith in Christ and their eagerness to follow the path which would lead to martyrdom. the Synaxarion it is stated that the martyrs removed their belts, the symbols of their rank, and then each of them submitted to severe tortures. Bassos was buried in the ground up to his waist, and his upper body was cut to pieces. Eusebios was suspended head downwards, and his limbs were cut off with axes. Eutychios was tied to four poles by his hands and feet, and he was pulled apart. Basileides was stabbed in the stomach with a knife.

Bithynia, 303, 20,000 Martyrs oNicomedia Church Fire, Great Story wAngels, earthquakes, thunderstorms, Christian never renounce
Rome, 303, 20,000 Martyrs oNicomedia Church Fire, Emperor Maximian ordered destroy Christian churches, burn service books, deprive citizenship, Nicomedia Bishop Cyril converted many members of his court there, Pagan Priestess Domna there read Book oActs &Epistles, wanted more info, went tCyril's successor Anthimus, baptized wIndes her eunuch servant, D&E helped poor, gave valuables&food from M's kitchen, Chief eunuch noted D&I not eating, beat them, remained silent, another eunuch ratted, locked iPrison woFood, Angel fed them, D feigned insanity, left court, then tMonastery wAbbess Agatha dressed her as a man & sent her away, Emperor returned fBattle ordered search fD, monastery destroyed, nuns tPrison, tortured but not defiled, Theophila sent tBrothell but Angel saved hVirginity, led her tCathredral, E prepared city square fPagan sacrifice, sprinkling crowd wBlood, christians began leave, Emperor enraged, great thunderstorm, people&Emperor fled, later Emperor tChurch, offered escape or burn church wPeople, presby Clycerius told him C's never renounce, hiding anger E left church, later arrested G, tortured him, ordered burned, later feast oNativity 20K Christians assembled Nicomedia Cathedral, soldiers surrounded building, offered escape, everybody refused idol worship, as fire prepared Bishop Anthimus baptized, all 20K died in fire, incl Agatha&Theophlia previously miraculously saved fDefilement ; 20,000 Martyrs of Nicomedia, Commemorated on December 28 ; Nicomedia; 20,000 Martyrs of Nicomedia, Commemorated on December 28 ; Holy 20,000 Martyrs of Nicomedia: At the beginning of the fourth century the emperor Maximian (284-305) gave orders to destroy Christian churches, to burn service books, and to deprive all Christians of rights and privileges of citizenship. this time the bishop of the city of Nicomedia was Saint Cyril, who by his preaching and life contributed to the spread of Christianity, so that many members of the emperor’s court were also secret Christians. pagan priestess Domna was living in the palace at that time. she obtained a copy of the Acts of the Apostles and the Epistles of Saint Paul. heart burned with the desire to learn more about the Christian teaching. the help of a young Christian girl, Domna went secretly to Bishop Anthimus (Cyril’s successor) with her faithful servant, the eunuch Indes. Saint Anthimus catechized them, and both received holy Baptism. began to help the poor: she gave away her valuables with the assistance of Indes, and she also distributed food from the imperial kitchen. chief eunuch, who was in charge of provisions for the imperial household, found out that Domna and Indes were not eating the food sent them from the emperor’s table. had them beaten in order to find out why they did not partake of the food, but they remained silent. eunuch informed him that the saints were distributing all the emperor’s gifts to the poor. locked them up in prison to exhaust them with hunger, they received support from an angel and did not suffer. Domna feigned insanity so she wouldn’t have to live among the pagans. she and Indes managed to leave the court, and she went to a women’s monastery. Abbess Agatha quickly dressed her in men’s clothing, cut her hair and sent her off from the monastery. this time the emperor returned from battle and ordered that a search be made for the former pagan priestess Domna. soldiers sent for this purpose found the monastery and destroyed it. sisters were thrown into prison, subjected to torture and abuse, but not one of them suffered defilement. to a house of iniquity, Saint Theophila was able to preserve her virginity with the help of an angel of the Lord. angel led her from the brothel and brought her to the cathedral. this time the emperor cleared the city square to offer sacrifice to the pagan gods. they began sprinkling the crowd with the blood of the sacrificial animals, Christians started to leave the square. Seeing this, the emperor became enraged, in the middle of his rantings a great thunderstorm sprang up. People fled in panic, and the emperor had to retreat to the palace for his own safety. Maximian went to the church with soldiers and told them they could escape punishment if they renounced Christ. he promised to burn the church and those in it. Christian presbyter Glycerius told him that Christians would never renounce their faith, even under the threat of torture. his anger, the emperor exited the church, and a short time later commanded the presbyter Glycerius be arrested for trial. executioners tortured the martyr, who did not cease to pray and to call on the Name of the Lord. Unable to force Saint Glycerius stop confessing Christ, Maximian ordered him to be burned to death. the Feast of the Nativity of Christ in the year 302, when about 20,000 Christians had assembled at the cathedral in Nicomedia, emperor sent a herald into the church. He told the Christians that soldiers were surrounding the building, and that anyone who wished to leave had to offer sacrifice to the pagan gods. who defied the emperor would perish when the soldiers set fire to the church. All those present refused to worship the idols. the pagans prepared to set fire to the church, Bishop Anthimus, baptized all the catechumens and communed everyone with the Holy Mysteries. 20,000 of those praying died in the fire. Among them were the abbess Agatha and Saint Theophila who had been saved from the den of iniquity by a miracle. Anthimus, however, managed to escape the fire. thought that he had exterminated all the Christians of Nicomedia. soon learned that there were many more, and that they would confess their faith and were prepared to die for Christ. emperor wondered how to deal with them. his command they arrested the regimental commander Zeno, who was openly criticizing the emperor for his impiety and cruelty. Zeno was fiercely beaten and finally beheaded. jailed the eunuch Indes, formerly a priest of the idols, for refusing to participate in a pagan festival. persecution against Christians continued. Mardonius, Migdonius the deacon and others were thrown into prison. Anthimus encouraged them by sending letters to them. of the messengers, the Deacon Theophilus, was captured. They subjected him to torture, trying to learn where the bishop was hiding. holy martyr endured everything, while revealing nothing. they executed him and also those whom the bishop had addressed in his letter. Though they were executed in different ways, they all showed the same courage and received their crowns from God. weeks, Saint Domna concealed herself within a cave and sustained herself by eating plants. she returned to the city, she wept for a long time at the ruins of the church, regretting that she was not found worthy to die with the others. night she went to the sea shore. At that moment fishermen pulled the bodies of the martyrs Indes, Gorgonius and Peter from the water in their nets. Domna was still dressed in men’s clothing, and she helped the fishermen to draw in their nets. left her the bodies of the martyrs. reverence she looked after the holy relics and wept over them, over the body of her spiritual friend, the Martyr Indes. giving them an honorable burial, she did not depart from these graves so dear to her heart. Each day she burned incense before them, sprinkling them with fragrant oils. the emperor was told of an unknown youth who offered incense at the graves of executed Christians, he gave orders to behead the youth. The Martyr Euthymius was also executed along with Domna. Hieromartyr Hermolaus and Martyrs Hermippus and Hermocrates at Nicomedia, Commemorated on July 26; Hermolaus, Hermippus and Hermocrates of Nicomedia, were among the small number of those remaining alive after 20,000 Christians were burned alive in a church at Nicomedia in the year 303 (December 28), on the orders of the emperor Maximian (284-305). They lived in remote places and did not cease to preach Christianity to the pagans. young pagan named Pantoleon (Holy Great Martyr Panteleimon, July 27) often passed by the house in which Saint Hermolaus had concealed himself. Once Saint Hermolaus chanced to meet the youth and asked him to stop by his house. In their conversation Saint Hermolaus began to explain to his guest the falseness, impiety and vanity of worshipping the pagan gods. From that day on, Pantoleon began to visit Saint Hermolaus daily and received holy Baptism from him. the trial of the holy Great Martyr Panteleimon was being held, Saints Hermolaus, Hermippus and Hermocrates, were also arrested. The Lord Jesus Christ appeared to Saint Hermolaus one evening and revealed to him that on the following day he would suffer for Him and receive a martyr’s crown. Hermippus and Hermocrates were arrested and brought to trial after Saint Hermolaus. All three were given the chance to deny Christ and offer sacrifice to idols. But they resolutely refused, confessed their faith in the Lord Jesus Christ and were prepared gladly to die for Him. pagans began to threaten the holy priests with torture and death. Suddenly, a strong earthquake occurred, and the idols and pagan temple collapsed and shattered. This was reported to the emperor. The enraged Maximian gave the holy martyrs over to torture and pronounced upon them a sentence of death. Bravely enduring all the torments, the holy Hieromartyrs Hermolaus, Hermippus and Hermocrates were beheaded in about the year 305. Holy Woman Olympias (Olympiada) the Deaconess of Constantinople, Commemorated on July 25; the banishment of Saint John Chrysostom, someone set fire to a large church, and after this a large part of the city burned down. the supporters of Saint John Chrysostom came under suspicion of arson, and they were summoned for interrogation. They summoned Saint Olympias to trial, rigorously interrogating her. They fined her a large sum of money for the crime of arson, despite her innocence and a lack of evidence against her. After this the saint left Constantinople and set out to Kyzikos (on the Sea of Marmara). But her enemies did not cease their persecution. In the year 405 they sentenced her to prison at Nicomedia, where the saint underwent much grief and deprivation. Saint John Chrysostom wrote to her from his exile, consoling her in her sorrow. In the year 409 Saint Olympias entered into eternal rest.

Bithynia, 303, 1003 Martyrs aNicomedia, servants followed masters example, not swayed by promises, men, women children cut down
Bithynia, 303, 1003 Martyrs at Nicomedia, Bithynia, servants decided to follow masters example, not swayed by promises of rewards, surrounded by tight circle oSoldiers, cut down 1003 men women children; Nicomedia; 1,003 Martyrs of Nicomedia,Commemorated February 7 ; Martyrs at Nicomedia, were servants of the four dignitaries Bassos, Eusebius, Eutychius and Basilides, suffered for Christ with their wives (January 5) in the year 303 during the reign of the emperor Diocletian (284-305). the martyric death of their masters, the servants decided to follow their example, they also confessed themselves Christians before Diocletian. neither by persuasion nor promises nor rewards, men, women, and small children were cut down by soldiers who formed a tight circle around them so that none of them remained alive.

Bithynia, 303-304, Neophytus oNicaea, child wonderworker, led to lion's cave at age 9 till 15, unharmed by torturers
Bithynia, 303-304, Neophytus oNicaea, Bithynia (on Lake Ascanius in Lower Sakarya), child wonderworker, water from aRock, white dove answering mother's prayer, led to lion's cave Mt Olympus at age 9 till 15, distributed inheritance tPoor, back tNicea tPreach Faith tDiocletian persecution, unharmed suspended from tree whipped ox thongs scraped iron claws, red hot oven 3 days, So, killed at age 16; Nicea (Nicaea); Martyr Neophytus of Nicea, Commemorated January 21; Holy Martyr Neophytus, a native of the city of Nicea in Bithynia, raised by his parents in strict Christian piety. his virtue, temperance and unceasing prayer, it pleased God to glorify Saint Neophytus with the gift of wonderworking, the saint was still just a child! Moses, the holy youth brought forth water from a stone of the city wall and gave this water to those who were thirsty. answer to the prayer of Saint Neophytus’ mother, asking that God’s will concerning her son might be revealed to her, white dove miraculously appeared and told of the path he would follow. saint was led forth from his parental home by this dove and brought to a cave on Mt. Olympus, served as a lion’s den. is said that he chased the lion from the cave so that he could live there himself. saint remained there from the age of nine until he was fifteen, it only once to bury his parents and distribute their substance to the poor. the persecution by Diocletian (284-305), he went to Nicea and boldly began to denounce the impiety of the pagan faith. enraged persecutors suspended the saint from a tree, they whipped him with ox thongs, and scraped his body with iron claws. they threw him into a red-hot oven, the holy martyr remained unharmed, three days and three nights in it. torturers, not knowing what else to do with him, decided to kill him. of the pagans ran him through with a sword (some say it was a spear), departed to the Lord at the age of sixteen.

Bithynia, 303-305, 3 Hieromartyrs oNicomedia, a20K Fire, back preaching iRemote places, Lord Jesus prep them, earthquake
Bithynia, 303-305, Hieromartyrs Hermolaus, Hermippus and Hermocrates of Nicomedia, were among the small number of those remaining alive after 20,000 Christians were burned alive in a church at Nicomedia in the year 303 (December 28), on the orders of the emperor Maximian (284-305)., They went back to work preaching to pagans in remote places, baptizing St Pantoleon, They were arrested at Pantoleon's trial, Lord Jesus appeared to Hermolaus and prepared him for his next day martyrdom, threatened with death by pagans suddenly strong earthquake Idols&Temple shattered, Enraged Emperor Maximian ordered torture&death, all 3 beheaded i305; Bithynia, 303, Church Fire in Nicomedia, Survivors, Hieromartyr Hermolaus and Martyrs Hermippus and Hermocrates; Nicomedia; Hieromartyr Hermolaus and Martyrs Hermippus and Hermocrates at Nicomedia, Commemorated on July 26; Hermolaus, Hermippus and Hermocrates of Nicomedia, were among the small number of those remaining alive after 20,000 Christians were burned alive in a church at Nicomedia in the year 303 (December 28), on the orders of the emperor Maximian (284-305). lived in remote places and did not cease to preach Christianity to the pagans. young pagan named Pantoleon (Holy Great Martyr Panteleimon, July 27) often passed by the house in which Saint Hermolaus had concealed himself. Saint Hermolaus chanced to meet the youth and asked him to stop by his house. In their conversation Saint Hermolaus began to explain to his guest the falseness, impiety and vanity of worshipping the pagan gods. From that day on, Pantoleon began to visit Saint Hermolaus daily and received holy Baptism from him. the trial of the holy Great Martyr Panteleimon was being held, Saints Hermolaus, Hermippus and Hermocrates, were also arrested. Lord Jesus Christ appeared to Saint Hermolaus one evening and revealed to him that on the following day he would suffer for Him and receive a martyr’s crown. Hermippus and Hermocrates were arrested and brought to trial after Saint Hermolaus. three were given the chance to deny Christ and offer sacrifice to idols. they resolutely refused, confessed their faith in the Lord Jesus Christ and were prepared gladly to die for Him. pagans began to threaten the holy priests with torture and death. a strong earthquake occurred, and the idols and pagan temple collapsed and shattered. was reported to the emperor. The enraged Maximian gave the holy martyrs over to torture and pronounced upon them a sentence of death. enduring all the torments, the holy Hieromartyrs Hermolaus, Hermippus and Hermocrates were beheaded in about the year 305. Holy Woman Olympias (Olympiada) the Deaconess of Constantinople, Commemorated on July 25; the banishment of Saint John Chrysostom, someone set fire to a large church, and after this a large part of the city burned down. the supporters of Saint John Chrysostom came under suspicion of arson, and they were summoned for interrogation. They summoned Saint Olympias to trial, rigorously interrogating her. They fined her a large sum of money for the crime of arson, despite her innocence and a lack of evidence against her. After this the saint left Constantinople and set out to Kyzikos (on the Sea of Marmara). But her enemies did not cease their persecution. In the year 405 they sentenced her to prison at Nicomedia, where the saint underwent much grief and deprivation. Saint John Chrysostom wrote to her from his exile, consoling her in her sorrow. In the year 409 Saint Olympias entered into eternal rest. 20,000 Martyrs of Nicomedia, Commemorated on December 28 ; Holy 20,000 Martyrs of Nicomedia: At the beginning of the fourth century the emperor Maximian (284-305) gave orders to destroy Christian churches, to burn service books, and to deprive all Christians of rights and privileges of citizenship. At this time the bishop of the city of Nicomedia was Saint Cyril, who by his preaching and life contributed to the spread of Christianity, so that many members of the emperor’s court were also secret Christians. pagan priestess Domna was living in the palace at that time. Providentially, she obtained a copy of the Acts of the Apostles and the Epistles of Saint Paul. Her heart burned with the desire to learn more about the Christian teaching. With the help of a young Christian girl, Domna went secretly to Bishop Anthimus (Cyril’s successor) with her faithful servant, the eunuch Indes. Saint Anthimus catechized them, and both received holy Baptism. began to help the poor: she gave away her valuables with the assistance of Indes, and she also distributed food from the imperial kitchen. The chief eunuch, who was in charge of provisions for the imperial household, found out that Domna and Indes were not eating the food sent them from the emperor’s table. He had them beaten in order to find out why they did not partake of the food, but they remained silent. Another eunuch informed him that the saints were distributing all the emperor’s gifts to the poor. He locked them up in prison to exhaust them with hunger, but they received support from an angel and did not suffer. Saint Domna feigned insanity so she wouldn’t have to live among the pagans. Then she and Indes managed to leave the court, and she went to a women’s monastery. Abbess Agatha quickly dressed her in men’s clothing, cut her hair and sent her off from the monastery. this time the emperor returned from battle and ordered that a search be made for the former pagan priestess Domna. The soldiers sent for this purpose found the monastery and destroyed it. The sisters were thrown into prison, subjected to torture and abuse, but not one of them suffered defilement. Sent to a house of iniquity, Saint Theophila was able to preserve her virginity with the help of an angel of the Lord. The angel led her from the brothel and brought her to the cathedral. this time the emperor cleared the city square to offer sacrifice to the pagan gods. When they began sprinkling the crowd with the blood of the sacrificial animals, Christians started to leave the square. Seeing this, the emperor became enraged, but in the middle of his rantings a great thunderstorm sprang up. People fled in panic, and the emperor had to retreat to the palace for his own safety. Maximian went to the church with soldiers and told them they could escape punishment if they renounced Christ. Otherwise, he promised to burn the church and those in it. The Christian presbyter Glycerius told him that Christians would never renounce their faith, even under the threat of torture. Hiding his anger, the emperor exited the church, and a short time later commanded the presbyter Glycerius be arrested for trial. The executioners tortured the martyr, who did not cease to pray and to call on the Name of the Lord. Unable to force Saint Glycerius stop confessing Christ, Maximian ordered him to be burned to death. the Feast of the Nativity of Christ in the year 302, when about 20,000 Christians had assembled at the cathedral in Nicomedia, the emperor sent a herald into the church. He told the Christians that soldiers were surrounding the building, and that anyone who wished to leave had to offer sacrifice to the pagan gods. Anyone who defied the emperor would perish when the soldiers set fire to the church. All those present refused to worship the idols. the pagans prepared to set fire to the church, Bishop Anthimus, baptized all the catechumens and communed everyone with the Holy Mysteries. All 20,000 of those praying died in the fire. Among them were the abbess Agatha and Saint Theophila who had been saved from the den of iniquity by a miracle. Bishop Anthimus, however, managed to escape the fire. thought that he had exterminated all the Christians of Nicomedia. He soon learned that there were many more, and that they would confess their faith and were prepared to die for Christ. The emperor wondered how to deal with them. At his command they arrested the regimental commander Zeno, who was openly criticizing the emperor for his impiety and cruelty. Zeno was fiercely beaten and finally beheaded. They jailed the eunuch Indes, formerly a priest of the idols, for refusing to participate in a pagan festival. persecution against Christians continued. Dorotheus, Mardonius, Migdonius the deacon and others were thrown into prison. Bishop Anthimus encouraged them by sending letters to them. One of the messengers, the Deacon Theophilus, was captured. They subjected him to torture, trying to learn where the bishop was hiding. The holy martyr endured everything, while revealing nothing. Then they executed him and also those whom the bishop had addressed in his letter. Though they were executed in different ways, they all showed the same courage and received their crowns from God. weeks, Saint Domna concealed herself within a cave and sustained herself by eating plants. When she returned to the city, she wept for a long time at the ruins of the church, regretting that she was not found worthy to die with the others. That night she went to the sea shore. At that moment fishermen pulled the bodies of the martyrs Indes, Gorgonius and Peter from the water in their nets. Domna was still dressed in men’s clothing, and she helped the fishermen to draw in their nets. They left her the bodies of the martyrs. With reverence she looked after the holy relics and wept over them, especially over the body of her spiritual friend, the Martyr Indes. giving them an honorable burial, she did not depart from these graves so dear to her heart. Each day she burned incense before them, sprinkling them with fragrant oils. When the emperor was told of an unknown youth who offered incense at the graves of executed Christians, he gave orders to behead the youth. The Martyr Euthymius was also executed along with Domna.

Bithynia, 303, Nicomedia, Bithynia, Cyril had converted many, Anthimus baptized 20,000 who died in church fire, and more
Bithynia, 303, Nicomedia, Bithynia, Cyril had converted many incl court, incl pagan priestess Domna w eunuch indes, Domna saved to take care of the bodies w incense and oils, Anthimus baptized 20,000 who died in church fire, more christians in town, Theophila virginity preserved in whore house, blood sprinkled on square, christians leave, enraged emperor stopped by thunderstorm, Glycerius did not fold, regimental commander Zeno and Indes did not fold, Euthymius executed w Domna; Nicomedia; 20,000 Martyrs of Nicomedia, Commemorated December 28 ; Holy 20,000 Martyrs of Nicomedia: At the beginning of the fourth century the emperor Maximian (284-305) gave orders to destroy Christian churches, to burn service books, and to deprive all Christians of rights and privileges of citizenship. this time the bishop of the city of Nicomedia was Saint Cyril, who by his preaching and life contributed to the spread of Christianity, so that many members of the emperor’s court were also secret Christians. pagan priestess Domna was living in the palace at that time. Providentially, she obtained a copy of the Acts of the Apostles and the Epistles of Saint Paul. Her heart burned with the desire to learn more about the Christian teaching. the help of a young Christian girl, Domna went secretly to Bishop Anthimus (Cyril’s successor) with her faithful servant, the eunuch Indes. Saint Anthimus catechized them, and both received holy Baptism. began to help the poor: she gave away her valuables with the assistance of Indes, and she also distributed food from the imperial kitchen. chief eunuch, who was in charge of provisions for the imperial household, found out that Domna and Indes were not eating the food sent them from the emperor’s table. He had them beaten in order to find out why they did not partake of the food, but they remained silent. eunuch informed him that the saints were distributing all the emperor’s gifts to the poor. He locked them up in prison to exhaust them with hunger, but they received support from an angel and did not suffer. Domna feigned insanity so she wouldn’t have to live among the pagans. Then she and Indes managed to leave the court, and she went to a women’s monastery. Abbess Agatha quickly dressed her in men’s clothing, cut her hair and sent her off from the monastery. this time the emperor returned from battle and ordered that a search be made for the former pagan priestess Domna. soldiers sent for this purpose found the monastery and destroyed it. sisters were thrown into prison, subjected to torture and abuse, but not one of them suffered defilement. to a house of iniquity, Saint Theophila was able to preserve her virginity with the help of an angel of the Lord. The angel led her from the brothel and brought her to the cathedral. this time the emperor cleared the city square to offer sacrifice to the pagan gods. When they began sprinkling the crowd with the blood of the sacrificial animals, Christians started to leave the square. this, the emperor became enraged, but in the middle of his rantings a great thunderstorm sprang up. People fled in panic, and the emperor had to retreat to the palace for his own safety. Maximian went to the church with soldiers and told them they could escape punishment if they renounced Christ. Otherwise, he promised to burn the church and those in it. Christian presbyter Glycerius told him that Christians would never renounce their faith, even under the threat of torture. his anger, the emperor exited the church, and a short time later commanded the presbyter Glycerius be arrested for trial. The executioners tortured the martyr, who did not cease to pray and to call on the Name of the Lord. Unable to force Saint Glycerius stop confessing Christ, Maximian ordered him to be burned to death. the Feast of the Nativity of Christ in the year 302, when about 20,000 Christians had assembled at the cathedral in Nicomedia, the emperor sent a herald into the church. He told the Christians that soldiers were surrounding the building, and that anyone who wished to leave had to offer sacrifice to the pagan gods. Anyone who defied the emperor would perish when the soldiers set fire to the church. All those present refused to worship the idols. the pagans prepared to set fire to the church, Bishop Anthimus, baptized all the catechumens and communed everyone with the Holy Mysteries. All 20,000 of those praying died in the fire. Among them were the abbess Agatha and Saint Theophila who had been saved from the den of iniquity by a miracle. Bishop Anthimus, however, managed to escape the fire. thought that he had exterminated all the Christians of Nicomedia. He soon learned that there were many more, and that they would confess their faith and were prepared to die for Christ. emperor wondered how to deal with them. At his command they arrested the regimental commander Zeno, who was openly criticizing the emperor for his impiety and cruelty. Zeno was fiercely beaten and finally beheaded. They jailed the eunuch Indes, formerly a priest of the idols, for refusing to participate in a pagan festival. persecution against Christians continued. Dorotheus, Mardonius, Migdonius the deacon and others were thrown into prison. Anthimus encouraged them by sending letters to them. One of the messengers, the Deacon Theophilus, was captured. They subjected him to torture, trying to learn where the bishop was hiding. The holy martyr endured everything, while revealing nothing. Then they executed him and also those whom the bishop had addressed in his letter. Though they were executed in different ways, they all showed the same courage and received their crowns from God. weeks, Saint Domna concealed herself within a cave and sustained herself by eating plants. When she returned to the city, she wept for a long time at the ruins of the church, regretting that she was not found worthy to die with the others. night she went to the sea shore. At that moment fishermen pulled the bodies of the martyrs Indes, Gorgonius and Peter from the water in their nets. Domna was still dressed in men’s clothing, and she helped the fishermen to draw in their nets. They left her the bodies of the martyrs. With reverence she looked after the holy relics and wept over them, especially over the body of her spiritual friend, the Martyr Indes. giving them an honorable burial, she did not depart from these graves so dear to her heart. Each day she burned incense before them, sprinkling them with fragrant oils. When the emperor was told of an unknown youth who offered incense at the graves of executed Christians, he gave orders to behead the youth. The Martyr Euthymius was also executed along with Domna.

Bithynia, 303, Martyr Eustathius of Nicea, Nicomedia, Bithynia, Gangra, Pathlagonia, Armenia, fierce tortures, rich children
Bithynia, 303, Martyr Eustathius of Nicea, Nicomedia, Bithynia, Gangra, Pathlagonia, Armenia, fierce tortures, rich children; Nicea (Nicaea); Martyr Eustathius of Nicea, Commemorated on November 20 ; Holy Martyrs Eustathius, Thespesius and Anatolius, natives of the city of Gangra, were the children of a rich merchant. They were baptized by Bishop Anthimus of Nicomedia (September 3). They died as martyrs at Nicea, after suffering fierce tortures.

Bithynia, 303, Bassos, Eusebios, Eutychios & Basileides, Senators & Martyrs, witnessed Theopemptos martyrdom, no fear whatsoever
Bithynia, 303, Bassos, Eusebios, Eutychios and Basileides, Senators & Martyrs at Nicomedia, witnessed Theopemptos martyrdom, no fear whatsoever; Martyrs Bassus, Eusebius, Euthychius, and Basileides, at Nicomedia, Commemorated on January 20; Eusebios, Eutychios and Basileides lived during the reign of Emperor Diocletian (284-305), and suffered martyrdom in 303. They were wealthy and members of the Senate. They came to believe in Christ and were baptized after witnessing the martyrdom of Bishop Theopemptos of Nicomedia (January 5), who endured with spiritual bravery the horrible tortures to which the pagans had had subjected him. idolaters denounced these men as Christians and brought them before the emperor because they refused to worship the gods of the pagans. The Saints showed no fear whatsoever, but boldly proclaimed their faith in Christ and their eagerness to follow the path which would lead to martyrdom. the Synaxarion it is stated that the martyrs removed their belts, the symbols of their rank, and then each of them submitted to severe tortures. Bassos was buried in the ground up to his waist, and his upper body was cut to pieces. Saint Eusebios was suspended head downwards, and his limbs were cut off with axes. Saint Eutychios was tied to four poles by his hands and feet, and he was pulled apart. Saint Basileides was stabbed in the stomach with a knife.

Bithynia, 303, Martyrs Gaius, Dasius, & Zoticus at Nicomedia, Bithynia, Martyred b t destroyed pagan temple, neck stones d
Bithynia, 303, Martyrs Gaius, Dasius, and Zoticus at Nicomedia, Bithynia (Gulf of Ismid, Lower Sakarya), Martyred because they destroyed pagan temple, many tortures, neck stones drowned; Nicomedia; Martyrs Gaius, Dasius, and Zoticus at Nicomedia, Commemorated on October 21; Martyrs Gaius, Dasius, and Zoticus of Nicomedia suffered martyrdom in the year 303, the emperor Diocletian (284-305), they destroyed a pagan temple. enduring many tortures, had stones tied around their necks, and were drowned in the sea.

Bithynia, 303, Great Martyr George, died in Nicomedia, 303
Great Martyr George, died in Nicomedia, 303; St Theodore the Sykeote the Bishop of Anastasiopolis, Commemorated on April 22 ;

Bithynia, 303, Bishop Theopemptus and sorcerer Theonas, Nicomedia, red hot furnace, no food or drink 22 days, T poison failed
Bithynia, 303,Theopemptus and Theonas, Nicomedia, Bithynia, red hot furnace, preserved, no food or drink 22 days, sorcerer Theonas baptized after poison, no harm; Nicomedia; Hieromartyr Theopemptus the Bishop of Nicomedia, Commemorated January 5 ; Holy Martyrs Theopemptus and Theonas suffered in Nicomedia in the year 303. Saint Theopemptus was bishop in Nicomedia in the time of Diocletian. Speaking out against idolatry, he defended the faith in Christ. Because of this, he became one of the first victims of the Diocletian persecution. saint refused to obey the emperor’s order to worship an idol of Apollo. Saint Theopemptus was thrown into a red-hot furnace, but by the power of God he remained alive. The emperor came to the furnace by night with a detachment of soldiers, and there he saw the saint alive and praying to God. Ascribing the miracle to magic, Diocletian thought to exhaust Saint Theopemptus by depriving him of food and drink for twenty-two days, but the martyr was preserved by the will of God. emperor brought the famous sorcerer Theonas to overcome Bishop Theopemptus’ supposed magical power. Theonas prepared a poison for Saint Theopemptus, put it into a little cake, and offered it to him to eat. The poison did no harm at all to Saint Theopemptus. Then Theonas tried an even stronger poison on the martyr. Seeing that Saint Theopemptus remained unharmed, he came to believe in Christ. They threw him into prison together with the holy bishop, who taught and baptized him, giving him the name Synesios (which means “full of understanding”). dawn Diocletian summoned Saint Theopemptus, and again tried to turn him to pagan impiety. Seeing that the bishop remained firm in his faith, he subjected him to many grievous tortures, after which the saint was beheaded. The holy martyr Theonas refused to offer sacrifice to idols, so he was buried alive in a deep ditch. This occurred at Nicomedia in the year 303.

Bithynia, 303, 1003 Martyrs at Nicomedia, Bithynia, servants decided to follow masters example
Nicomedia; 1,003 Martyrs of Nicomedia,Commemorated February 7 ; Martyrs at Nicomedia, were servants of the four dignitaries Bassos, Eusebius, Eutychius and Basilides, who suffered for Christ with their wives (January 5) in the year 303 during the reign of the emperor Diocletian (284-305). the martyric death of their masters, the servants decided to follow their example, and they also confessed themselves Christians before Diocletian. Swayed neither by persuasion nor promises nor rewards, 1003 men, women, and small children were cut down by soldiers who formed a tight circle around them so that none of them remained alive.

Bithynia, 303-320, 9yr old Martyr Basilissa of Nicomedia, tortured, her firmness converted Gov Alex
Nicomedia; Martyr Basilissa of Nicomedia, Commemorated on September 3; Martyr Basilissa of Nicomedia suffered for her faith in Christ under the emperor Diocletian. The Nicomedia governor Alexander gave orders to arrest the nine-year-old Basilissa and force her to renounce Christ. But the young maiden displayed unshakable firmness in fidelity to her Lord, and so she was subjected to protracted and intense torture. the grace of God, the holy martyr remained alive and unharmed. This was evident to all those present as a manifestation of the power of God, and it so upset the governor Alexander, that he also came to believe in Christ and confessed himself a Christian. later by Bishop Anthimus, he lived for a short while in deep repentance, and then departed peacefully to the Lord, as did Saint Basilissa some while after him. Her death was peaceful and accompanied by miraculous signs of God’s mercy.

Bithynia, 304, Juliana oNicomedia, Bithynia, Virginmrtr, refused marriage, 630 witnessed hSteadfastness&Healing, baptized iBlood
Bithynia, 304, Juliana oNicomedia, Bithynia, Virginmartyr, do IPagan Africanus, refused marriage tbethrothed, beaten by f&b long&hard, healing &new strength after each b, seen by many people, 500 men 130 women confessed a witnessing courage and healings. They were b&baptized iOwnBlood; Virgin Martyr Juliana of Nicomedia, and 500 men and 130 women with her, Commemorated on December 21; Holy Virgin Martyr Juliana, daughter of an illustrious pagan named Africanus, was born in the city of As a child, she was betrothed to a certain Elusius, one of the emperor’s advisors. Juliana was endowed with a profound intellect and goodness of soul. saw through the delusion and deception of the pagan faith, and secretly accepted holy Baptism. the time of her wedding approached, Juliana refused to be married. Her father urged her not to break her engagement, but when she refused to obey him, he began to beat her viciously. Then Africanus handed his daughter over to the Eparch, who happened to be Elusius, Juliana’s former fiancé. fervently asked Juliana to marry him, promising not to require her to abandon her faith. Saint Juliana refused and said that she’d rather be put to death. beat the saint both long and harshly, but after each beating she received healing and new strength from God. Her punishment took place before a large number of people. Of these, 500 men and 130 women came to confess Christ after witnessing the steadfastness and courage of the holy virgin miraculously healed from her wounds. They were all beheaded, and were baptized in their own blood. of the futility of attempting to separate the holy virgin from her heavenly Bridegroom, Eleusius sentenced Juliana to death. accepted the sentence with joy and glorified the Lord for permitting her to receive a martyr’s crown. The holy Martyr Juliana was executed in the year 304. Juliana is the subject of an Anglo-Saxon poem, believed to have been written by Cynewulf in the eighth century. Nicomedia;

Bithynia, 304, Euphemia the all Praised, Chalcedon, stood alone, incorrupt relics, angel help, animals, then confessor in 451
Bithynia, 304, Euphemia the all Praised, Chalcedon, stood alone, incorrupt relics; Holy Great Martyr Euphēmia was the daughter of Christian parents, the senator Philophronos and his wife Theodosia. She suffered for Christ in the year 304 in the city of Chalcedon, on the Bosphorus opposite Constantinople, the Queen of Cities. the Proconsul of Chalcedon, issued a decree which required all the inhabitants of Chalcedon and the surrounding area to attend a pagan festival, in order to worship and offer sacrifice to the idol of Ares. He threatened grave torments for anyone who failed to appear. During this impious festival, 49 Christians were hidden in one house, where they worshiped the true God in secret. The young virgin Euphēmia was among those who prayed there. their hiding place was discovered, and they were brought before Priscus to answer the charges against them. For nineteen days the martyrs were subjected to various torments, but none of them wavered in their faith, nor did they consent to offer sacrifice to the idol. The governor, beside himself with rage and not knowing any other way of forcing the Christians to abandon their faith, sent them to Emperor Diocletian for trial. He kept the youngest, the virgin Euphēmia, hoping that she would not persevere if she were left all alone. from her fellow-Christians, Saint Euphēmia fervently prayed that the Lord Jesus Christ would strengthen her for her impending ordeal. Priscus urged the Saint to offer sacrifice to the idol, promising her many rewards. When she refused, he ordered that she be tortured. martyr was tied to a wheel with sharp knives attached to it, which slashed her body. The Saint prayed aloud, and miraculously, the wheel stopped by itself and would not move despite all the efforts of the executioners. An angel of the Lord, came down from Heaven, removed Euphēmia from the wheel, and healed her of her wounds, and the Saint gave thanks to God. did not notice the miracle which had taken place, so he ordered the soldiers Victor and Sosthenes to take the Saint to a red-hot furnace. the soldiers, seeing two Angels in the midst of the flames, refused to carry out the Proconsul's order and declared that they believed in the God Whom Euphēmia worshipped. Boldly proclaiming that they were Christians, Victor and Sosthenes awaited punishment. They were sentenced to be devoured by wild beasts. In the arena, they begged God to forgive the sins they had committed, asking the Lord to receive them into the Heavenly Kingdom. A Divine voice was heard, and the two soldiers entered into eternal life. The beasts, however, did not harm their bodies. Euphēmia, cast into the fire by other soldiers, did not suffer. With God's help she emerged unscathed after many other torments. Ascribing these things to sorcery, Priscus ordered a pit to be dug. Filling it with knives, he had it covered over with earth and grass, so that the martyr would not notice this trap. again, Saint Euphēmia remained safe, walking over the pit. Finally, she was sentenced to be devoured by wild beasts in the arena. Before her execution the Saint prayed that the Lord would deem her worthy of martyrdom. But none of the bears or lions attacked her, but only licked her feet. Finally, one she-bear wounded her foot, which bled slightly, and the Holy Great Martyr Euphēmia died right away. As her soul departed, there was an earthquake. The city was shaken, the walls fell down, and the pagan temples crumbled. As Saint Euphēmia lay dead in the sand, the guards and spectators fled in terror, so that the Saint's parents were able to take her body and bury it near Chalcedon. a majestic church was built over the grave of the Great Martyr Euphēmia. The sessions of the Fourth Ecumenical Council took place there in the year 451. At that time, the Holy Great Martyr Euphēmia confirmed the Orthodox confession of faith in a miraculous way, exposing the Monophysite heresy. That miracle is commemorated on July 11. the Persians captured Chalcedon in the year 617, the relics of the holy Great Martyr Euphēmia were transferred to Constantinople (around the year 620). During the Iconoclast heresy, the reliquary containing Saint Euphēmia's relics seems to have been thrown into the sea, but pious sailors recovered them. They were brought to the island of Lemnos, and they were returned to Constantinople in 796. incorrupt body of Saint Euphēmia is in the Patriarchal Church of Saint George at the Phanar in Constantinople. Portions of her relics are to be found in Kykkos Monastery on Cyprus, and in the Saint Alexander Nevsky Lavra at Saint Petersburg. Chalcedon; Greatmartyr Euphemia the All-praised, Commemorated on July 11 ; Miracle of Saint Euphemia the All-Praised: The holy Great Martyr Euphemia (September 16) suffered martyrdom in the city of Chalcedon in the year 304, during the time of the persecution against Christians by the emperor Diocletian (284-305). One and a half centuries later, at a time when the Christian Church had become victorious within the Roman Empire, God deigned that Euphemia the All-Praised should again be a witness and confessor of the purity of the Orthodox teaching. the year 451 in the city of Chalcedon, in the very church where the glorified relics of the holy Great Martyr Euphemia rested, the sessions of the Fourth Ecumenical Council (July 16) took place. The Council was convened for determining the precise dogmatic formulae of the Orthodox Church concerning the nature of the God-Man Jesus Christ. This was necessary because of the widespread heresy of the Monophysites [“mono-physis” meaning “one nature”], who opposed the Orthodox teaching of the two natures in Jesus Christ, the Divine and the Human natures (in one Divine Person). The Monophysites falsely affirmed that in Christ was only one nature, the Divine [i.e. that Jesus is God but not man, by nature], causing discord and unrest within the Church. At the Council were present 630 representatives from all the local Christian Churches. On the Orthodox side Anatolius, Patriarch of Constantinople (July 3), Juvenal, Patriarch of Jerusalem (July 2), and representatives of Saint Leo, Pope of Rome (February 18) participated in the conciliar deliberations. The Monophysites were present in large numbers, headed by Dioscorus, the Patriarch of Alexandria, and the Constantinople archimandrite Eutychius. prolonged discussions the two sides could not come to a decisive agreement. holy Patriarch Anatolius of Constantinople proposed that the Council submit the decision of the Church dispute to the Holy Spirit, through His undoubted bearer Saint Euphemia the All-Praised, whose wonderworking relics had been discovered during the Council’s discussions. The Orthodox hierarchs and their opponents wrote down their confessions of faith on separate scrolls and sealed them with their seals. They opened the tomb of the holy Great Martyr Euphemia and placed both scrolls upon her bosom. Then, in the presence of the emperor Marcian (450-457), the participants of the Council sealed the tomb, putting on it the imperial seal and setting a guard to watch over it for three days. During these days both sides imposed upon themselves strict fast and made intense prayer. After three days the patriarch and the emperor in the presence of the Council opened the tomb with its relics: the scroll with the Orthodox confession was held by Saint Euphemia in her right hand, and the scroll of the heretics lay at her feet. Saint Euphemia, as though alive, raised her hand and gave the scroll to the patriarch. After this miracle many of the hesitant accepted the Orthodox confession, while those remaining obstinant in the heresy were consigned to the Council’s condemnation and excommunication. an invasion by the Persians during the seventh century, the relics of Saint Euphemia were transferred from Chalcedon to Constantinople, into a newly built church dedicated to her. Many years later, during the period of the Iconoclast heresy, the reliquary with the relics of the saint was cast into the sea by order of the Iconoclast emperor Leo the Isaurian (716-741). The reliquary was rescued from the sea by the ship-owning brothers Sergius and Sergonos, who gave it over to the local bishop. The holy bishop ordered that the relics be preserved in secret, beneath a crypt, since the Iconoclast heresy was continuing to rage. A small church was built over the relics, and over the reliquary was put a board with an inscription stating whose relics rested within. When the Iconoclast heresy was finally condemned at the holy Seventh Ecumenical Council (in the year 787), during the time of Saint Tarasius, Patriarch of Constantinople (784-806) and the emperor Constantine VI (780-797) and his mother Saint Irene (797-802), the relics of the holy Great Martyr Euphemia were once again solemnly transferred to Constantinople. Greatmartyr Euphemia the All-praised, Commemorated on September 16 ;

Bithynia, 304, Martyrs Victor &Sosthenes at Chalcedon, stop by angels fBurning E, divine voice, wild beasts
Bithynia, 304, Martyrs Victor and Sosthenes at Chalcedon, Bithynia (Bosphorus Strait), prevented throwing Euphemia into furnace by angels, placed in shackles, others burned by throwing but E unharmed, refused idols, divine voice surrendered souls, wild beasts not eat, buried by christians; Chalcedon; Martyrs Victor and Sosthenes at Chalcedon, Commemorated on September 16; Victor and Sosthenes are mentioned in the Life of the Holy Great Martyr Euphēmia (Ευφημία). Proconsul Priscus ordered the soldiers Victor and Sosthenes to throw the Saint into a red-hot furnace. the flames, however, they saw angels who prevented them from touching the Saint. they refused to carry out the order, they were placed in shackles. soldiers, who threw Saint Euphēmia into the fire, were burnt by the flames escaping from the furnace, but inside the furnace, the martyr remained unharmed. Proconsul tried to make Victor and Sosthenes bow down to the idols, but they replied that they had come to know the true God. they were led to the wild beasts, they begged the Lord to forgive the sins they had committed in their pagan delusion. a Divine voice came from Heaven, calling them to their rest, and they surrendered their souls to the Lord. animals did not touch their bodies. Later, the two martyrs were buried secretly by some Christians. some calendars, such as the Roman Martyrology, the Saints' day of commemoration is listed as September 10.

Bithynia, 304-305, Philetairus oNicomedia, 2 Emperors failed, red-hot oven, wild beasts, hands stopped, exile, temple&idols dest
Rome, 304-305, Philetairus, Nicomedia, Bithynia, suffered twice, tall and handsome, Emperor insulted Lord, he replied let E's mouth be shut, red-hot oven, unharmed, set free, 2nd Emperor brought him to trial, confessed,whippings, wild beasts unharmed, 2 servants unable kill him wSword, their hands ceased tFunction, they both believed &beheaded, but P was exiled tProkonnesos iSea oMarmora, on tWay he many miracles&Destroyed Temple wIdols, 6Soldiers1Commander believed, Eubiotus came to see him, stayed E's cell 7days, P&the Soldiers died there; Nicomedia; Martyr Philetairus of Nicomedia, Commemorated December 30 ; Holy Martyr Philetairus of Nicomedia twice suffered torture for Christ: under the co-Emperors Diocletian (284-305) and Maximian (286-305). Diocletian arrived in Nicomedia, Saint Philetairus, who was tall and handsome, was put on trial. him, the emperor compared him to one of the pagan gods. questioned about his social rank and family the martyr answered, “I am the son of an eparch, I am a Christian, and I live with Christians.” emperor spoke insultingly of the Lord Jesus Christ, but the saint replied, “Let the mouth of anyone who dares to insult my Christ be silenced, whether he is the emperor or anyone else.” these words the martyr was thrown into a red-hot oven, but he emerged from it unharmed. Diocletian, witnessing the miracle, and taking into account the saint’s illustrious rank and handsome appearance, set him free. the emperor Maximian was informed that Philetairus was a Christian. Brought to trial before the emperor, the holy martyr again confessed his faith in Christ. this they subjected him to whippings. they threw him to be eaten by wild beasts, but he remained unharmed. they sentenced him to beheading by the sword, the two servants who were entrusted the execution were unable to kill him. as they raised the sword over the head of the martyr, their hands ceased to function. that the Lord invisibly was guarding the holy martyr, both executioners believed in Christ they themselves were beheaded by the sword. holy Martyr Philetairus was sentenced to exile on Prokonnesos, one of the islands of the Sea of Marmora. the journey, he performed many miracles and destroyed a heathen temple with its idols. soldiers and their commander, who accompanied the saint to his exile, came to believe in Christ. the way Saint Eubiotus (December 18), who had also undergone many sufferings for Christ, came to see him. saints joyfully embraced, and they stayed at the cell of Saint Eubiotus for seven days, together with the soldiers and their commander. Philetairus died there and was buried by Saint Eubiotus. The soldiers and their commander also died there eleven days later, and were buried beside Saint Philetairus.

Bithynia, 305, 3,628 Martyrs in Nicomedia, Bithynia, voluntarily presented selves for martyrdom to Diocletian
Bithynia, 305, 3,628 Martyrs in Nicomedia, Bithynia (Gulf of Ismid, Lower Sakarya), voluntarily presented selves for martyrdom to Diocletian, beheaded and bodies burned; Nicomedia; 3,628 Martyrs who suffered at Nicomedia, Commemorated September 2 ; 3,628 Martyrs in Nicomedia suffered under the emperors Diocletian (284-305) and Maximian (305-311). were Christians who had come from Alexandria. had come to believe in Christ following the martyrdom of Saint Peter, Archbishop of Alexandria (November 25). their wives and children with them, they arrived in Nicomedia and voluntarily presented themselves for martyrdom, exclaiming, “We are Christians.” first, Diocletian tried to persuade them to renounce Christ, seeing their resolve, he ordered them all to be beheaded, and for their bodies to be thrown into a fiery pit. years later, the relics of the holy martyrs were discovered through various manifestations of grace.

Bithynia, 325, First Ecumenical Council, Nicaea, Bythnia, Nicaean Creed, anti Arian
Bithynia, 325, First Ecumenical Council, Nicaea, Bythnia ; Righteous Nonna the mother of St Gregory the Theologian, Commemorated on August 5; St Hosius the Confessor the Bishop of Cordova, Commemorated August 27 ; St Alexander the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on August 30 ; Martyr Polychronius the Presbyter, Commemorated on October 7 ; St Hypatius of Gangra, Commemorated on November 16 ; Martyr Sisinius the Bishop of Cyzicus, Commemorated on November 23 ; NICHOLAS OF MYRA, FRIEND OF CHILDREN, GIVER OF GIFTS, CLIMBER OF CHIMNEYS, ETC. (6 DEC 326); St Nicholas the Wonderworker and Archbishop of Myra in Lycia, Commemorated December 6; St Spyridon the Wonderworker and Bishop of Tremithus, Commemorated on December 12 ; St Paul the Bishop of Neocaesarea, Commemorated December 23 ; St James the Bishop of Nisibis, Commemorated on January 13 ; St Athanasius the Great the Archbishop of Alexandria, Commemorated on January 18 ; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated on January 28 ; St Eustathius the Archbishop of Antioch, Commemorated February 21 ; Hieromartyr Capiton of Cherson, Commemorated on March 7 ; CYRIL OF JERUSALEM, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (18 MAR 386); St Hypatius the Wonderworker and Bishop of Gangra, Commemorated on March 31 ; Hieromartyr Zeno the Bishop of Verona, Commemorated on April 12; ATHANASIUS, BISHOP OF ALEXANDRIA, THEOLOGIAN, DOCTOR (2 MAY 373); St Athanasius the Great the Patriarch of Alexandria, Commemorated on May 2; Commemoration of the Apparition of the Sign of the Precious Cross Over Jerusalem, in 351 AD, Commemorated on May 7; GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (9 MAY 389); St Achilles the Bishop of Larissa, Commemorated on May 15 ; Equal of the Apostles and Emperor Constantine with his Mother Helen, Commemorated on May 21; St Metrophanes the first Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on June 4; EPHREM OF EDESSA, DEACON AND HYMN-WRITER (10 JUNE 373); BASIL THE GREAT, BISHOP, THEOLOGIAN (14 JUNE 379); Hieromartyr Eusebius the Bishop of Samosata, Commemorated on June 22;

Bithynia, 364-378, Commemoration Gregory's Miracle, Nicaea, after Ariens failed, Orthodox Prayers open Church doors
Bithynia, , Commemoration Gregory"s Miracle, Nicaea, Bithynia (on Lake Ascanius in Lower Sakarya), Valens took Cathedral away fOrthodox for Ariens, Basil tGreat shows up, goes to Valens, Valens said return &Judge without favoritism, Basil returned to judge as V had decreed. Locked the doors, allowed Ariens 3 days prayer and Orthodox one, O complained. Ariens first, failed after 4days, Orthodox pray one day causing earthquake that opened doors. Many Ariens converted, Valens dies in fire.; Nicea (Nicaea); Commemoration of the miracle of Saint Basil the Great at Nicaea, Commemorated on January 19; the Church remembers a great miracle in Nicaea, when Saint Basil the Great, by his prayers, opened the doors of the Cathedral Church. a visit to Nicaea, Emperor Valens, at the request of some prominent Arians, took the Cathedral away from the Orthodox by force and allowed the Arians to occupy it. Orthodox were grief stricken by this terrible calamity. when Saint Basil happened to arrive in Nicaea, the faithful wept and told him what the Emperor had done. saint went to Constantinople and criticized Valens for his unjust action. Emperor was furious, but knew that he had been wrong in giving the Cathedral to the heretics. said, “Return to Nicaea and judge between the parties, but do not show any favoritism to your side.” Basil went back to Nicaea with an imperial decree and called the Arians together. He said, “The Emperor has given me authority to decide whether you or the Orthodox should have the church.” replied, “Very well, but judge the way that the Emperor would judge if he were here.” Basil ordered the Arians and the Orthodox to lock the doors of the church, affix their seals, and appoint some men to guard it. he told the Arians to go and pray for three days and nights, and then return. If the doors opened because of their prayers, they would be allowed to retain possession of the church. said, “If the doors do not open for you, then we shall pray for just one night, and then return. If the doors open for us, then we shall own the building again. If they do not open for us, then it will be yours.” Arians accepted this proposal, but the Orthodox thought that Saint Basil was giving an unfair advantage to the heretics because he feared the Emperor. the church was locked and sealed, and guards were stationed there. After three days and nights, the Arians’ prayers had achieved nothing, so they continued praying until noon of the fourth day. When the doors still failed to open, they hung their heads in shame and went away. Basil led the Orthodox to the church of Saint Diomedes outside the city, and served an All-Night Vigil. next morning, the hierarch led a procession back to the Cathedral as the people chanted “Holy God.” Halting before the doors of the church, he ordered them to lift their hands to Heaven and to cry, “Lord, have mercy.” Then they prayed, and Saint Basil made the Sign of the Cross over the doors three times and shouted, “Blessed is the God of the Christians, always, now and ever, and unto the ages of ages.” there was an earthquake which broke the locks, threw the bars on the floor, and split the seals, and then the doors flew open. Basil entered the building with all the Orthodox. After celebrating the divine service, he dismissed the faithful. Arians who came to see what would happen renounced their heresy and became Orthodox. for Valens, he was amazed when he heard of this great miracle, but he did not convert to Orthodoxy. he was wounded in a battle and he hid in a barn which was filled with straw. His enemies surrounded the barn and set it on fire. The evil tyrant perished in the flames and his soul departed to the everlasting fire.

Bithynia, 386-446, Saint, Hypatius of Bithynia
Bithynia, 386-446, Saint, Hypatius of Bithynia; Venerable Hypatius the Abbot of Rufinus in Chalcedon, Commemorated on March 31;

Bithynia, 388-430, Bithynian Historian and Bishop, Palladius
Bithynian Historian and Bishop, 388-430, Palladius; Venerable Dorotheus the Hermit of Egypt, Commemorated on September 16; Venerable John the Clairvoyant, Anchorite, of Egypt, Commemorated on March 27;

Bithynia, 400, 5th Century Folder, Mt St Auxentius, Earthquakes, 4th E Council

Bythinia, 420-425, John tHut Dweller, rich p, monk, homesick, pauper aParents gate, 3days, Fancy Gospel ID's him, church Hostel
Bythinia, 420-425, John Calabytes, tHut Dweller, son rich illustrious, born 401 Constantinople, fine ed, mastered rhetoric philosoply by 12, loved spiritual books, parents gave him fancy gospel, read it constantly, monk came back to take him, tBithynia secretly, Unsleeping Ones M, monk tonsure, ascetic zeal: unceasing prayer, obedience, abstinence, work perseverance, after 6yrs temptations, regretted leaving parents, burning desire see them, returned as beggar, settled parents gates, father gave him food, oppressed insulted by servants, cold frost, unceasingly conversing wLord&Holy Angels, Lord appeared before his death told him 3days to go Heavenly Kingdom, askes steward give mother message come to him, curious but did not want to go, another message saying he die 3days, thanked her for charity, told her God would reward her, made her promise bury him beneath his hut in his rags, only then gave her his Gospel, tConsole in this life & guide to next life, Husband said it the one he commissioned, he admitted he was their child, they embraced him wTears oJoy, church built on place of hut, beside it a hostel fStrangers, they buried in that church, 12th C crusaders took head to Besancon France, other relics tRome; Bithyninum, Bithynia ; Hieromartyr Autonomus the Bishop in Italy, Commemorated on September 12; Venerable John Calabytes “the Hut-Dweller”, Commemorated on January 15; John the Hut-Dweller was the son of rich and illustrious parents, was born in Constantinople in the early fifth century. received a fine education, and he mastered rhetoric and philosophy by the age of twelve. also loved to read spiritual books. the vanity of worldly life, he chose the path that was narrow and extremely difficult. with longing to enter a monastery, he confided his intention to a passing monk. made him promise to come back for him when he returned from his pilgrimage to Jerusalem, and take him to his monastery. asked his parents for a Gospel so that he might study the words of Christ. John’s parents hired a calligrapher to copy the text, and had the volume bound in a golden cover studded with gems. read the Gospel constantly, delighting in the Savior’s words. monk kept his promise to come back for John, and they went secretly to Bithynia. At the monastery of the “Unsleeping” (Akoimitoi), he received monastic tonsure. The young monk began his ascetical labors with zeal, astonishing the brethren with his unceasing prayer, humble obedience, strict abstinence, and perseverance at work. six years, he began to undergo temptations. He remembered his parents, how much they loved him, and what sorrow he caused them. He regretted leaving them, and was filled with a burning desire to see them again. John explained his situation to the igumen Saint Marcellus (December 29) and he asked to be released from the monastery. He begged the igumen for his blessing and prayers to return home. He bid farewell to the brethren, hoping that by their prayers and with the help of God, he would both see his parents and overcome the snares of the devil. The igumen then blessed him for his journey. John returned to Constantinople, not to resume his former life of luxury, but dressed as a beggar, and unknown to anyone. settled in a corner by the gates of his parents’ home. father noticed the “pauper,” and began to send him food from his table, for the sake of Christ. lived in a small hut for three years, oppressed and insulted by the servants, enduring cold and frost, unceasingly conversing with the Lord and the holy angels. his death, the Lord appeared to the monk in a vision, revealing that the end of his sorrows was approaching, and that in three days he would be taken into the Heavenly Kingdom. he asked the steward to give his mother a message to come to him, for he had something to say to her. first, she did not wish to go, but she was curious to know what this beggar had to say to her. he sent her another message, saying that he would die in three days. thanked her for the charity he had received, and told her that God would reward her for it. then made her promise to bury him beneath his hut, dressed in his rags. then did the saint give her his Gospel, which he always carried with him, saying, “May this console you in this life, and guide you to the next life.” showed the Gospel to her husband, saying that it was similar to the one they had given their son. He realized that it was, in fact, the very Gospel they had commissioned for John. went back to the gates, intending to ask the pauper where he got the Gospel, and if he knew anything about their son. to restrain himself any longer, he admitted that he was their child. tears of joy they embraced him, weeping because he had endured privation for so long at the very gates of his parental home. saint died in the mid-fifth century, when he was not quite twenty-five years old. the place of his burial the parents built a church, and beside it a hostel for strangers. they died, they were buried in the church they had built. the twelfth century the head of the saint was taken by Crusaders to Besançon (in France), other relics of the saint were taken to Rome.

Bithynia, 420-473, Auxentius, oMt St Auxentius, Near Chalcedon, 4th EC Confessor, spiritual sight, healing, many monasteries
Bithynia, 420-473, Saint Auxentius, Mt St Auxentius of Bithynia, served Theodosius tYounger's court, virtuous learned wise man, moreover friend many pious men, distressed by worldly vanity, became priest and monk, then tSolitary place Mt Oxia near Chalcedon, shepherds discovered him spread tNews, people came fHealing, healed many, invited to 4th EC 451, denounced Eutychian&Nestorian heresies, easily bested opponents because knew scripture and theology, returned to solitary cell, with spiritual sight saw repose st simeon tStylite long distance, died 470 leaving disciplese & many monasteries in Bithynia, buried at Rufiananas, syria, Hypatius's monastery; Mt St Auxentius of Bithynia; Venerable Auxentius of Bithynia, Commemorated on February 14; Auxentius, by origin a Syrian, served at the court of the emperor Theodosius the Younger (418-450). was known as a virtuous, learned and wise man, he was, moreover, a friend of many of the pious men of his era. by worldly vanity, Saint Auxentius was ordained to the holy priesthood, and then received monastic tonsure. this he went to Bithynia and found a solitary place on Mount Oxia, not far from Chalcedon, there he began the life of a hermit (this mountain was afterwards called Mt. Auxentius). place of the saint’s efforts was discovered by shepherds seeking their lost sheep. They told others about him, and people began to come to him for healing. Auxentius healed many of the sick and the infirm in the name of the Lord. the year 451 Saint Auxentius was invited to the Fourth Ecumenical Council at Chalcedon, he denounced the Eutychian and Nestorian heresies. with Holy Scripture and learned in theology, Saint Auxentius easily bested those opponents who disputed with him. the end of the Council, Saint Auxentius returned to his solitary cell on the mountain. his spiritual sight he saw the repose of Saint Simeon the Stylite (459) from a great distance. Auxentius died about the year 470, leaving behind him disciples many monasteries in the region of Bithynia. was buried in the Monastery of Saint Hypatius at Rufiananas, Syria.

Bithynia, 420-450, Hypatius of Bithynia, Mt St Auxentius of Bithynia
Bithynia, 420-450, Hypatius of Bithynia, Mt St Auxentius of Bithynia; Mt St Auxentius of Bithynia; Venerable Auxentius of Bithynia, Commemorated February 14;

Bithynia, 434-447, Devastating Earthquakes throughout B. Empire, boy snatched up, Angels' Trisagion Prayer
Constantinople, 434-447, Devastating Earthquakes throughout B. Empire, Trisagion Prayer; Constantinople Patriarch, 434-446, Proclus of Constantinople; St Proclus the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated on November 20; Proclus, Archbishop of Constantinople, from his early years devoted all his time to prayer and the study of Holy Scripture. Lord granted him the great good fortune to be a disciple of Saint John Chrysostom (November 13), who at first ordained him as a deacon, and then to the holy priesthood. witnessed the appearance of the Apostle Paul to Saint John Chrysostom. Saint Proclus received from his teacher a profound understanding of Holy Scripture, and learned to elucidate his thoughts in a polished form. the exile and death of Saint John Chrysostom, the holy Patriarch of Constantinople Sisinius (426-427) consecrated Saint Proclus as bishop of the city of Kyzikos, but under the influence of Nestorian heretics he was expelled by his flock there. Proclus then returned to the capital and preached the Word of God in the churches of Constantinople, strengthening listeners in the Orthodox Faith and denouncing the impiety of the heretics. once preached a sermon before Nestorius in which he fearlessly defended the title “Theotokosâ€ in speaking of the holy Virgin. the death of the Patriarch Saint Sisinius, Saint Proclus was chosen to take his place. Having thus been made Patriarch of Constantinople, he guided the Church over the course of twelve years (434-447). By the efforts of Saint Proclus, the relics of Saint John Chrysostom were transferred from Comana to Constantinople in the time of the holy emperor Saint Theodosius II (408-450). Saint Proclus was Patriarch, the Empire suffered destructive earthquakes, lasting for several months. At Bithynia, in the Hellespont, and in Phrygia cities were devastated, rivers disappeared from the face of the earth, and terrible flooding occurred in previously dry places. people of Constantinople came out of the city with the patriarch and emperor at their head and offered prayers for an end to the unprecedented calamities. one prayer service, a boy from the crowd was snatched up into the air by an unseen force and carried up to such a height that he was no longer to be seen by human eyes. Then, whole and unharmed, the child was lowered to the ground and he reported that he heard and he saw the angels glorifying God singing: “Holy God, Holy Mighty, Holy Immortal.â€ the people began to sing this Trisagion Prayer, adding to it the refrain, “Have mercy on us!â€ Then the earthquakes stopped. The Orthodox Church sings still this prayer at divine services to this very day. Constantinople flock esteemed their Patriarch for his ascetic life, for his concern about the downtrodden, and for his preaching. works of the saint have survived to the present day. Best known are his discourses against the Nestorians, two tracts of the Saint in praise of the Mother of God, and four tracts on the Nativity of Christ, setting forth the Orthodox teaching about the Incarnation of the Son of God. The activity of the holy patriarch in establishing decorum in all the church affairs gained him universal esteem. Surrounded by love and respect, Saint Proclus departed to the Lord after serving as Patriarch for twenty years.

Bithynia, 451, Fourth Ecumenical Council, Chalcedon, Bithynia, Euphemia's choice of scrolls
Fourth Ecumenical Counci; Council of Chalcedon Hieromartyr Peter the Archbishop of Alexandria, Commemorated November 25 ; Greatmartyr Euphemia the All-praised, Commemorated on July 11; the year 451 in the city of Chalcedon, in the very church where the glorified relics of the holy Great Martyr Euphemia rested, the sessions of the Fourth Ecumenical Council (July 16) took place. prolonged discussions the two sides could not come to a decisive agreement. holy Patriarch Anatolius of Constantinople proposed that the Council submit the decision of the Church dispute to the Holy Spirit, through His undoubted bearer Saint Euphemia the All-Praised, whose wonderworking relics had been discovered during the Council’s discussions. The Orthodox hierarchs and their opponents wrote down their confessions of faith on separate scrolls and sealed them with their seals. They opened the tomb of the holy Great Martyr Euphemia and placed both scrolls upon her bosom. Then, in the presence of the emperor Marcian (450-457), the participants of the Council sealed the tomb, putting on it the imperial seal and setting a guard to watch over it for three days. During these days both sides imposed upon themselves strict fast and made intense prayer. After three days the patriarch and the emperor in the presence of the Council opened the tomb with its relics: the scroll with the Orthodox confession was held by Saint Euphemia in her right hand, and the scroll of the heretics lay at her feet. Saint Euphemia, as though alive, raised her hand and gave the scroll to the patriarch. After this miracle many of the hesitant accepted the Orthodox confession, while those remaining obstinant in the heresy were consigned to the Council’s condemnation and excommunication. Miracle of Saint Euphemia the All-Praised: The holy Great Martyr Euphemia (September 16) suffered martyrdom in the city of Chalcedon in the year 304, during the time of the persecution against Christians by the emperor Diocletian (284-305). One and a half centuries later, at a time when the Christian Church had become victorious within the Roman Empire, God deigned that Euphemia the All-Praised should again be a witness and confessor of the purity of the Orthodox teaching. the year 451 in the city of Chalcedon, in the very church where the glorified relics of the holy Great Martyr Euphemia rested, the sessions of the Fourth Ecumenical Council (July 16) took place. The Council was convened for determining the precise dogmatic formulae of the Orthodox Church concerning the nature of the God-Man Jesus Christ. This was necessary because of the widespread heresy of the Monophysites [“mono-physisâ€ meaning “one natureâ€], who opposed the Orthodox teaching of the two natures in Jesus Christ, the Divine and the Human natures (in one Divine Person). The Monophysites falsely affirmed that in Christ was only one nature, the Divine [i.e. that Jesus is God but not man, by nature], causing discord and unrest within the Church. At the Council were present 630 representatives from all the local Christian Churches. On the Orthodox side Anatolius, Patriarch of Constantinople (July 3), Juvenal, Patriarch of Jerusalem (July 2), and representatives of Saint Leo, Pope of Rome (February 18) participated in the conciliar deliberations. The Monophysites were present in large numbers, headed by Dioscorus, the Patriarch of Alexandria, and the Constantinople archimandrite Eutychius. prolonged discussions the two sides could not come to a decisive agreement. holy Patriarch Anatolius of Constantinople proposed that the Council submit the decision of the Church dispute to the Holy Spirit, through His undoubted bearer Saint Euphemia the All-Praised, whose wonderworking relics had been discovered during the Council’s discussions. The Orthodox hierarchs and their opponents wrote down their confessions of faith on separate scrolls and sealed them with their seals. They opened the tomb of the holy Great Martyr Euphemia and placed both scrolls upon her bosom. Then, in the presence of the emperor Marcian (450-457), the participants of the Council sealed the tomb, putting on it the imperial seal and setting a guard to watch over it for three days. During these days both sides imposed upon themselves strict fast and made intense prayer. After three days the patriarch and the emperor in the presence of the Council opened the tomb with its relics: the scroll with the Orthodox confession was held by Saint Euphemia in her right hand, and the scroll of the heretics lay at her feet. Saint Euphemia, as though alive, raised her hand and gave the scroll to the patriarch. After this miracle many of the hesitant accepted the Orthodox confession, while those remaining obstinant in the heresy were consigned to the Council’s condemnation and excommunication. an invasion by the Persians during the seventh century, the relics of Saint Euphemia were transferred from Chalcedon to Constantinople, into a newly built church dedicated to her. Many years later, during the period of the Iconoclast heresy, the reliquary with the relics of the saint was cast into the sea by order of the Iconoclast emperor Leo the Isaurian (716-741). The reliquary was rescued from the sea by the ship-owning brothers Sergius and Sergonos, who gave it over to the local bishop. The holy bishop ordered that the relics be preserved in secret, beneath a crypt, since the Iconoclast heresy was continuing to rage. A small church was built over the relics, and over the reliquary was put a board with an inscription stating whose relics rested within. When the Iconoclast heresy was finally condemned at the holy Seventh Ecumenical Council (in the year 787), during the time of Saint Tarasius, Patriarch of Constantinople (784-806) and the emperor Constantine VI (780-797) and his mother Saint Irene (797-802), the relics of the holy Great Martyr Euphemia were once again solemnly transferred to Constantinople. Translation of the relics of St Maximus the Confessor, Commemorated on August 13; Right-Believing Pulcheria, Byzantine Empress, Commemorated on September 10; Greatmartyr Euphemia the All-praised, Commemorated on September 16 ; Hieromartyr Peter the Archbishop of Alexandria, Commemorated November 25 ; Venerable Euthymius the Great, Commemorated on January 20 ; St Maximus the Confessor, Commemorated January 21 ; Venerable Vendemianus the Hermit of Bithynia, Commemorated February 1 ; Venerable Auxentius of Bithynia, Commemorated February 14; St Leo the Great the Pope of Rome, Commemorated February 18; Hieromartyr Proterius the Patriarch of Alexandria, Commemorated on February 28 ; Apostle Barnabas of the Seventy, Commemorated on June 11; Greatmartyr Euphemia the All-praised, Commemorated on July 11; St Juvenal the Patriarch of Jerusalem, Commemorated on July 2; St Anatolius the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on July 3; Uncovering of the relics of the Venerable Sergius of Radonezh, Commemorated on July 5 ;

Bithynia, 451, Council of Chalcedon (451, 4th Ecum. Council)
Council of Chalcedon Hieromartyr Peter the Archbishop of Alexandria, Commemorated November 25 ;

Bithynia, 463-512, Vendemianus oBithynia, asceticism 42 yrs in Auxentius' cell cliff crevice, demon temptation, healing gift
Ephesus, 463-512, Vendemianus, Hermit oBithynia, fMysia Rgion (Caicus River area, near Ephesus), Auxentius' disciple, who was a father 4th EC, tA's monastery on Mt Oxia, Chalcedon, asceticism 42 yrs, with A his cell, cliff crevice, fasting prayer, demon temptation, granted healing gift, died 512; Mysia or Myzia; Venerable Vendemianus the Hermit of Bithynia, Commemorated February 1 ; Vendemianus (Bendemianus) was born in Myzia. his youth he was a disciple of Saint Auxentius, one of the Fathers of the Fourth Ecumenical He went to the monastery founded by Saint Auxentius (February 14) on Mount Oxia, not far from Chalcedon (Asia Minor), he lived in asceticism for forty-two years at the cell of his teacher in the crevice of a cliff. spent his life in fasting and prayer, and was tempted by demons. of his holy life and spiritual struggles, the saint was granted the gift of healing. died around the year 512.

Bithynia, 500, 6th C Folder, Mary or Marinus oAlexandria, blamed for fathering

Bithynia, 510-520, Mary oAlexandria, stayed wFather at Men's monastery as Marinus , did well, blamed for fathering child
Egypt, 510-520, Mary aka Marinus oAlexandria, Goshen, Egypt, beginning of 6th C, iBithynia, after mother died followed her father to men's monastery, did not want separate from dad, donned men's clothes, entered manastery near Alexandria, tonsured as Marinus, distinguished humility obedience, excelled virtues, father reposed, intensified ascetic labors, gift of healing & deliverance, one day out of m on business, repulsed humiliated pregnant inkeepers daughter accused mary of seduction, named him father of her child, then possessed by demon, inkeeper complained , Igumen kicked her out, Mary not deny, Inkeeper gave child to Marinus, raised him as own, after 3 yrs Mary brought back to monastery, most onerous obediences, 3 more years she dies and discovered, Igumen, inkeeper, daughter all ask forgiveness, dauthter confessed and delivered, boy becomes monk, her relics tConstantinople then Venice;; Alexandria; Venerable Mary (who was called Marinus), and her father at Alexandria, Commemorated February 12 ; Venerable Mary (called Marinus) and her father Eugene, lived at the beginning of the VI century in Bithynia (Bithynίa - in the northwestern region of Asia Minor). Maria's mother died, her father decided to enter a monastery, Maria also wished to betroth herself to Christ . Mary could not bear to be separated from her father, so she donned male clothing. they entered a monastery, not far from Alexandria, she was tonsured with the name Marinus. Marinus excelled in the virtues, was distinguished by humility and obedience. a few years later, Saint Mary's father reposed, intensified her ascetical labors received from the Lord the gift of healing those possessed by unclean spirits. day the "monk" Marinus, along with some other brethren, was sent out on monastery business, on the way they had to spend the night at an inn. innkeeper's daughter, who had sinned with a soldier, and became pregnant, believed that Mary was a man, and burned with desire for the young "monk." daughter humiliated herself when Mary repulsed her, and the wanton woman sought revenge. she accused the "monk" of seducing her, naming "him" as the father of her child. she became possessed by a demon. innkeeper complained to the Igoumen of the monastery, expelled the "brother" who had sinned. did not deny the false accusation, but went out to live near the monastery wall. a boy was born to the sinful daughter, the innkeeper brought him to the "monk" Marinus, leaving his grandson with her and departed. Saint took the infant and raised him as her own. three years, the brethren begged the Igoumen to accept the "monk" Marinus into the monastery again. reluctantly the Igoumen gave in to their requests, assigning to "Brother Marinus" the most onerous obediences, which the nun fulfilled with the utmost zeal, continuing to bring up her supposed son. years later, the Saint peacefully departed to the Lord in her cell. brethren who came saw the deceased "monk" and the boy weeping over "him." they began to prepare her body for burial, her secret was revealed. Igoumen tearfully begged forgiveness from the deceased, and the innkeeper followed his example. Saint's body was reverently buried in the monastery. daughter of the innkeeper came to the Saint's tomb and openly confessed her sin, which she was immediately healed of her demonic possession. the boy who was brought up by the nun, became a monk. Saint's relics were transferred to Constantinople, and from there they were taken to Venice in 1113.

Bithynia, 600, 7th Century Folder, Hand of Forerunner to Chalcedon after fall of Antioch

Bithynia, 601-662, Maximus tConfessor, most effective against Monothelite heresy, divine light candels over grave
Bithynia, 601-662, Maximus tConfessor, excellent ed, Heraclius first secretary but he Monothelite, resigned, went west because M rapid spread in East, fConstantinople tChrysopolis, Bithynia, simple monk Igumen, 638 edict Exposition oFaith, everyone must accept One will in two natures, Max successfully defended Orthodoxy tPeople, invisible attraction tHim, refuge in West, where Monothelitism rejected, Africa visit, 4th EC had condemned Monophysite's only one nature (divine), MThelite only one divine will &Energy, another path tMPhysite heresy, Armenia, Syria, Egypt heretics in East, fanned by Nationalism, unity threat, MTheites controlled Eastern Patriarchal thrones, Sergius iConstantinople, Athanasius iAntioch, Cyrus iAlexandria, Max tCrete tPreach, clashed w Nestorian & Severus Bishop, tAlexandria 6yrs, till 641 new Monothelite Emperor and Patriarch, intensified assaults tOrthodox, tCarthage preach 5yrs, Constantinople Patriarch Pyrrhus excaped there, debated Max, became Orthodox, wrote book, traveled Rome wMax, Pope Theodore received them, 647 Max returned Carthage, there Council condemned MTheletism as heracy, 648 new edict rrom Constans & Partiarch Paul, Pattern otFaith, forbid will debates, Max asked new Pope convene Latern Council, 649 150 Western & 37 Eastern reps, L council condemned Mthelitsm & Typos (faith pattern), false teachings anathematized, So Constans II arested Max and new Pope Mrtin, 654 Prison, 656 sent tTrace, later back to C Prison, Max & disciples tounge cut out Right hand cut off, exiled tSkemarum, Scythia, time of death revealed 662, 3 miracle candels burned over grave, many healings there; Chrysopolis; Chrysopolis Monastery Chrysopolis in Macedonia? Venerable Maximus the Confessor, Commemorated on January 21 Maximus the Confessor was born in Constantinople around 580 raised in a pious Christian family. received an excellent education, studying philosophy, grammar, and rhetoric. was well-read in the authors of antiquity he also mastered philosophy and theology. Saint Maximus entered into government service, he became first secretary (asekretis) and chief counselor to the emperor Heraclius (611-641), was impressed by his knowledge and virtuous life. Maximus soon realized that the emperor and many others had been corrupted by the Monothelite heresy, was spreading rapidly through the East. resigned from his duties at court, went to the Chrysopolis monastery (at Skutari on the opposite shore of the Bosphorus), he received monastic tonsure. of his humility and wisdom, he soon won the love of the brethren and was chosen igumen of the monastery after a few years. in this position, he remained a simple monk. 638, the emperor Heraclius and Patriarch Sergius tried to minimize the importance of differences in belief, they issued an edict, the “Ekthesis” (“Ekthesis tes pisteos” or “Exposition of Faith),” decreed that everyone must accept the teaching of one will in the two natures of the Savior. defending Orthodoxy against the “Ekthesis,” Saint Maximus spoke to people in various occupations and positions, and these conversations were successful. only the clergy and the bishops, but also the people and the secular officials felt some sort of invisible attraction to him, as we read in his Life. Saint Maximus saw what turmoil this heresy caused in Constantinople and in the East, decided to leave his monastery and seek refuge in the West, Monothelitism had been completely rejected. the way, he visited the bishops of Africa, strengthening them in Orthodoxy, encouraging them not to be deceived by the cunning arguments of the heretics. Fourth Ecumenical Council had condemned the Monophysite heresy, which falsely taught that in the Lord Jesus Christ there was only one nature (the divine). by this erroneous opinion, Monothelite heretics said that in Christ there was only one divine will (“thelema”) only one divine energy (“energia”). of Monothelitism sought to return by another path to the repudiated Monophysite heresy. found numerous adherents in Armenia, Syria, Egypt. heresy, fanned also by nationalistic animosities, became a serious threat to Church unity in the East. struggle of Orthodoxy with heresy was particularly difficult in the year 630, three of the patriarchal thrones in the Orthodox East were occupied by Monothelites: by Sergius, by Athanasius, Alexandria by Cyrus. Maximus traveled from Alexandria to Crete, where he began his preaching activity. clashed there with a bishop, who adhered to the heretical opinions of Severus and Nestorius. saint spent six years in Alexandria and the surrounding area. Sergius died at the end of 638, the emperor Heraclius also died in 641. imperial throne was eventually occupied by his grandson Constans II (642-668), an open adherent of the Monothelite heresy. assaults of the heretics against Orthodoxy intensified. Maximus went to Carthage and he preached there for about five years. the Monothelite Pyrrhus, the successor of Patriarch Sergius, arrived there after fleeing from Constantinople because of court intrigues, and Saint Maximus spent many hours in debate. a result, Pyrrhus publicly acknowledged his error, and was permitted to retain the title of “Patriarch.” He even wrote a book confessing the Orthodox Faith. Maximus and Pyrrhus traveled to Rome to visit Pope Theodore, received Pyrrhus as the Patriarch of Constantinople. the year 647 Saint Maximus returned to Africa. at a council of bishops Monotheletism was condemned as a heresy. 648, a new edict was issued, commissioned by Constans and compiled by Patriarch Paul of Constantinople: “Typos” (“Typos tes pisteos” or “Pattern of the Faith”), forbade any further disputes about one will or two wills in the Lord Jesus Christ. Maximus then asked Saint Martin the Confessor (April 14), the successor of Pope Theodore, to examine the question of Monothelitism at a Church Council. Lateran Council was convened in October of 649. hundred and fifty Western bishops and thirty-seven representatives from the Orthodox East were present, among them Saint Maximus the Confessor. Council condemned Monothelitism, and the Typos. false teachings of Patriarchs Sergius, Paul and Pyrrhus of Constantinople, were also anathematized. Constans II received the decisions of the Council, he gave orders to arrest both Pope Martin and Saint Maximus. emperor’s order was fulfilled only in the year 654. Maximus was accused of treason and locked up in prison. 656 he was sent to Thrace, and was later brought back to a Constantinople prison. saint and two of his disciples were subjected to the cruelest torments. Each one’s tongue was cut out, and his right hand was cut off. they were exiled to Skemarum in Scythia, enduring many sufferings and difficulties on the journey. three years, the Lord revaled to Saint Maximus the time of his death (August 13, 662). candles appeared over the grave of Saint Maximus and burned miraculously. was a sign that Saint Maximus was a beacon of Orthodoxy during his lifetime, and continues to shine forth as an example of virtue for all. Many healings occurred at his tomb. the Greek Prologue, August 13 commemorates the Transfer of the Relics of Saint Maximus to Constantinople, but it could also be the date of the saint’s death. may be that his memory is celebrated on January 21 because August 13 is the Leavetaking of the Feast of the Transfiguration of the Lord. Saint Maximus has left to the Church a great theological legacy. His exegetical works contain explanations of difficult passages of Holy Scripture, and include a Commentary on the Lord’s Prayer and on Psalm 59, various “scholia” or “marginalia” (commentaries written in the margin of manuscripts), on treatises of the Hieromartyr Dionysius the Areopagite (October 3) and Saint Gregory the Theologian (January 25). Among the exegetical works of Saint Maximus are his explanation of divine services, entitled “Mystagogia” (“Introduction Concerning the Mystery”). The dogmatic works of Saint Maximus include the Exposition of his dispute with Pyrrhus, and several tracts and letters to various people. In them are contained explanations of the Orthodox teaching on the Divine Essence and the Persons of the Holy Trinity, on the Incarnation of the Word of God, and on “theosis” (“deification”) of human nature. “Nothing in theosis is the product of human nature,” Saint Maximus writes in a letter to his friend Thalassius, “for nature cannot comprehend God. It is only the mercy of God that has the capacity to endow theosis unto the existing... In theosis man (the image of God) becomes likened to God, he rejoices in all the plenitude that does not belong to him by nature, because the grace of the Spirit triumphs within him, and because God acts in him” (Letter 22). Saint Maximus also wrote anthropological works (i.e. concerning man). He deliberates on the nature of the soul and its conscious existence after death. Among his moral compositions, especially important is his “Chapters on Love.” Saint Maximus the Confessor also wrote three hymns in the finest traditions of church hymnography, following the example of Saint Gregory the Theologian. The theology of Saint Maximus the Confessor, based on the spiritual experience of the knowledge of the great Desert Fathers, and utilizing the skilled art of dialectics worked out by pre-Christian philosophy, was continued and developed in the works of Saint Simeon the New Theologian (March 12), and Saint Gregory Palamas (November 14).

Bithynia, 637, Arab Moslem Conquest of Antioch, Iron Bridge Battle
Syria, 637, Arab Moslem Conquest of Antioch, When the Moslems seized Antioch centuries later (in 637), a deacon named Job brought the holy hand of the Forerunner from Antioch to Chalcedon. From there, on the eve of the Theophany of the Lord, it was transferred to Constantinople (956) and kept thereafter. ; Battle of the Iron Bridge; In 637, during the reign of the Byzantine emperor Heraclius, Antioch was conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate during the Battle of the Iron Bridge.;

Bithynia, 700, 8th Century Folder, 7th E. Council, St Joannicius the Great

Bithynia, 717-741, Stephen oKhenolakkos, distinguished by paternal admin& moral influence, angelic escort tHeaven
Bithynia, 717-741, Stephen Wonderworker oKhenolakkos Monastery near Chalcedon, Triglia, Bithynia (now Fatih Mosque, Tirilye), greatly impressed by holy ascetic's lives, visited many Palestine monasteries, Euthymios' m, Sabbas, Theodosios' m, then 714-741 Constantinople where Patriarch Germanos aided him building m iBithynia, for a monastic rule from his lessons many years experience, Monastery by the Goose Pond northeast Triglia, S distinguished by paternal admin& moral influence, foresaw his death, angelic escort tHeaven; Triglia Monastery (now Fatih Mosque, Tirilye) 720; Venerable Stephen, Abbot of Khenolakkos Monastery, near Chalcedon, Commemorated on January 14; Stephen lived during the eighth century, was born into a family in Cappadocia, who raised him in great piety. he reached maturity, he was greatly impressed by reading the lives of the holy ascetics, and so he visited many monasteries in Palestine in order to observe their way of life. In the wilderness he visited the monasteries of Saints Euthymios the Great (January 20), the Sanctified (December 5) Theodosios the Great (January 11), studying the Rule (Typikon) of each monastery. during the reign of the iconoclast Emperor Leo the Isaurian (717-741), he visited Constantinople. holy Patriarch Germanos (May 12) had a high regard for Stephen, aided him in building a monastery in Bithynia in which he could establish a monastic Rule based on the great lessons that he had learned in the course of his many years of experience. Stephen founded the Monastery of Khenolakkos [“by the goose-pond”], was northeast of Triglia (near Moudania in Asia Minor). monks were drawn there by reports of his virtue. Stephen was distinguished for his paternal administration of the monastery, for his moral influence on the monks. many years as the Superior of the monastery, the holy ascetic foresaw his own death. he fell asleep in the Lord, some of the brethren were found worthy to behold the glorious departure of his soul into Heaven, by angels. Venerable Stephen the Wonderworker the Abbot of Triglia, Commemorated on March 28; Stephen the Confessor, of Triglia Monastery, under the iconoclast emperor Leo the Armenian (813-820). a young age, the holy ascetic dedicated his life to God and received monastic tonsure. He later became head of the Triglia monastery near Constantinople. persecution again began against holy icons, the saintly igumen was summoned for questioning, and they tried to force him to sign a document rejecting the veneration of icons. Saint Stephen steadfastly refused to betray Orthodoxy and he boldly denounced the emperor for his impiety. They subjected the saint to cruel torments, after which they sent him to prison in the year 815. Weakened and sick, the holy Confessor Stephen soon died in prison from his sufferings.

Bithynia, 725-795, Timothy oSymbola iBithynia, near Mt Olympos Monastery, high degree spiritual perfection, healing&Deliverance
Bithynia, 725-795, Timothy oSymbola iBithynia, near Mt Olympos Monastery, an Italian, young monk, aSymbola, under Archmandrite Theoctistus and Platon otStudion m, high degree spiritual perfection, gifts oHealing and deliverance, many years hermit roaming wilderness mts and forests offering prayer to tLord, died great old age 795; Sakkoudion Monastery on Mt Olympos in Bithynia; Sakkoudion Monastery on Mt Olympos in Bithynia; Venerable Timothy of Symbola in Bithynia, Commemorated on February 21; Timothy of Symbola was of Italian descent. became a monk at a young age and pursued asceticism at a monastery called “Symbola”, in Asia Minor near Mount Olympus. that time Theoctistus was the archimandrite of the monastery. Timothy was the disciple of Theoctistus also of Saint Platon of the Studion Monastery (April 5). a high degree of spiritual perfection, he received from God the gift of healing the sick and casting out unclean spirits. spent many years as a hermit, roaming the wilderness, the mountains and forests, day and night offering up prayer to the Lord God. died at a great old age, in the year 795.

Bithynia, 735-745, Martyr Anna of Mt Auxentius, Bithynia, falsly accused of sinning with St Stephen tN, crowns virginity martyr
Bithynia, 735-, Martyr Anna of Mt Auxentius, Bithynia, falsly accused of sinning with St Stephen tN, crowns virginity martyr, noblewoman, sold possessions, Money tPoor, monastic tonsure Steven tNew, Mt Auxentius, Hair Shirt Weavers Monastery, iconoclasts tried S, accused him visiting women aNight wAnna, she would not lie about S, tDungeon, public hearing, stripped naked, maidservant falsely swears, streached out on ground and beaten wRods, almost dead sent tabandoned monastery, died; Mt St Auxentius of Bithynia; Martyr Anna, Commemorated on November 28 ; Anna was a noblewoman who sold all her possessions and gave the money to the poor. received the monastic tonsure from Saint Stephen the New while he was living on Mount Auxentius in Bithynia. sent her to live in the women’s monastery called Trichinarion (Community of hairshirt-wearers). the iconoclasts tried to turn Saint Stephen from venerating the holy icons, they tried flattery, bribery, and threats, but all their efforts were in vain. they accused him of visiting the Trichinarion Monastery at night and falling into sin with the nun Anna. her own maidservant testified against her (she was promised her freedom and marriage to a nobleman if she did), Saint Anna denied any guilt. emperor’s soldiers came to the monastery and seized Saint Anna and brought her before him, but she refused to lie about Saint Stephen. Therefore Emperor Constantine threw her into a dungeon in Constantinople. next morning the emperor sat in a public building with an assembled crowd, and had Saint Anna brought to his presence. Since she insisted that both she and Saint Stephen were innocent, the emperor had her stripped naked in the sight of all. her interrogation, she remained silent. her maidservant falsely swore that Saint Stephen had sinned with her mistress. by her refusal to speak, the emperor had Saint Anna stretched out on the ground, where soldiers beat her with rods. this torment, she said, “I have never sinned with Stephen. Lord, have mercy.” The soldiers continued to beat her until she was almost dead. emperor returned to his palace, leaving orders that Saint Anna be imprisoned in one of the city’s abandoned monasteries. she departed to the Lord, receiving from Him the twin crowns of virginity and martyrdom. Monkmartyr and Confessor Stephen the New of Mt St Auxentius, Commemorated on November 28; Monk Martyr and Confessor Stephen the New was born in 715 at Constantinople into a pious Christian family. parents, having two daughters, prayed the Lord for a son. The mother of the new-born Stephen took him to the Blachernae church of the Most Holy Theotokos and dedicated him to God. the reign of the emperor Leo the Isaurian (716-741) there was a persecution against the holy icons and against those venerating them. the support of the emperor, the adherents of the Iconoclast heresy seized control of the supreme positions of authority in the Empire and in the Church. by the powers of this world, Orthodoxy was preserved in monasteries far from the capital, in solitary cells, and in the brave and faithful hearts of its followers. Orthodox parents of Saint Stephen, grieved by the prevailing impiety, fled from Constantinople to Bithynia, they gave over their sixteen-year-old son in obedience to the monk John, who labored in asceticism in a solitary place on the Mount of Saint Auxentius. Stephen dwelt with the venerable monk John for more than fifteen years, devoting himself totally to this spirit-bearing Elder, and learning monastic activity from him. Stephen received the news that his father was dead, and his mother and sisters had been tonsured as nuns. a certain time his teacher John also died. With deep sorrow Saint Stephen buried his venerable body, continued with monastic effort in his cave by himself. monks began to come to the ascetic, desiring to learn from him the virtuous and salvific life, and a monastery was established, Saint Stephen as the igumen. forty-two years of age Stephen left the monastery he founded, and he went to another mountain, on whose summit he dwelt in deep seclusion in a solitary cell. here also a community of monks soon gathered, seeking the spiritual guidance of Saint Stephen. the Isaurian was succeeded by Constantine Copronymos (741-775), a fiercer persecutor of the Orthodox, and an even more zealous iconoclast. emperor convened an Iconoclast Council, attended by 358 bishops from the Eastern provinces. except for Constantine, the Archbishop of Constantinople, illegitimately raised to the patriarchal throne by the power of Copronymos, one of the other patriarchs participated in the wicked doings of this Council, thus making it less likely to style itself as “ecumenical.” council of heretics, at the instigation of the emperor and the archbishop, described icons as idols, and pronounced an anathema on all who venerated icons in the Orthodox manner, and it described icon veneration as heresy. the monastery of Mount Auxentius and its igumen became known in the capital. They told the emperor about the ascetic life of the monks, about their Orthodox piety, about the igumen Stephen’s gift of wonderworking, and of how Saint Stephen’s fame had spread far beyond the region of the monastery, and that the name of its head was accorded universal respect and love. saint’s open encouragement of icon veneration and the implied rebuff to the persecutors of Orthodoxy within the monastery of Mount Auxentius especially angered the emperor. Archbishop Constantine realized that in the person of Saint Stephen he had a strong and implacable opponent of his iconoclastic intentions, and he plotted how he might draw him over to his side or else destroy him. tried to lure Saint Stephen into the Iconoclast camp, at first with flattery and bribery, then by threats, but in vain. they slandered the saint, accusing him of falling into sin with the nun Anna. But his guilt was not proven, since the nun courageously denied any guilt and died under torture and beatings. the emperor gave orders to lock up the saint in prison, and to destroy his monastery. bishops were sent to Saint Stephen in prison, trying to persuade him of the dogmatic correctness of the Iconoclast position. But the saint easily refuted all the arguments of the heretics and he remained true to Orthodoxy. the emperor ordered that the saint be exiled on one of the islands in the Sea of Marmora. Saint Stephen settled into a cave, and there also his disciples soon gathered. a certain while the saint left the brethren and took upon himself the exploit of living atop a pillar. of the stylite Stephen, and the miracles worked by his prayers, spread throughout all the Empire and strengthened the faith and spirit of Orthodoxy in the people. emperor gave orders to transfer Saint Stephen to prison on the island of Pharos, and then to bring him to trial. the trial, the saint refuted the arguments of the heretics sitting in judgment upon him. explained the dogmatic essence of icon veneration, and he denounced the Iconoclasts in blaspheming icons, they blasphemed Christ and the Mother of God. proof, the saint pointed to a golden coin inscribed with the image of the emperor. He asked the judges what would happen to a man who threw the coin to the ground , and then trampled the emperor’s image under his feet. replied that such a man would certainly be punished for dishonoring the image of the emperor. saint said that an even greater punishment awaited anyone who would dishonor the image of the King of Heaven and His Saints, and with that he spat on the coin, threw it to the ground, and began to trample it underfoot. emperor gave orders to take the saint to prison, where already there were languishing 342 Elders, condemned for the veneration of icons. this prison Saint Stephen spent eleven months, consoling the imprisoned. The prison became like a monastery, where the usual prayers and hymns were chanted according to the Typikon. people came to the prison in crowds and asked Saint Stephen to pray for them. the emperor learned that the saint had organized a monastery in prison, where they prayed and venerated holy icons, he sent two of his own servants, twin-brothers, to beat the saint to death. these brothers went to the prison and beheld the face of the monk shining with a divine light, they fell down on their knees before him, asking his forgiveness and prayers, they told the emperor that his command had been carried out. But the emperor learned the truth and he resorted to yet another lie. his soldiers that the saint was plotting to remove him from the throne, he sent them to the prison. The holy confessor himself came out to the furious soldiers, who seized him and dragged him through the streets of the city. They then threw the lacerated body of the martyr into a pit, where they were wont to bury criminals. the following morning a fiery cloud appeared over Mount Auxentius, and then a heavy darkness descended upon the capital, accompanied by hail, which killed many people.

Bithynia, 735-745, Stephen tNew oMt Auxentius, solitary but igumen 3times, wonderworking gifts, slandered w Anna, Prison, Pillar
Bithynia, 735-, Stephen t New of Mt St Auxentius of Bithynia, Monkmartyr confessor, dedicated to God, solitary but attracted, igumen, solitary again, attracted again, iconoclast council of heratics, igumen again, wonderworking gifts, slandered with Anna Sin Story, Prison, exiled a Marmora island, cave, attracted again, Pillar, Pharos island prison, Trial, golden coin emperor blasphemy story compared to b image king of heaven greater punishment, like prison monastery w 342 elders,; Mt St Auxentius of Bithynia; Monkmartyr and Confessor Stephen the New of Mt St Auxentius, Commemorated on November 28; Monk Martyr and Confessor Stephen the New was born in 715 at Constantinople into a pious Christian family. parents, having two daughters, prayed the Lord for a son. The mother of the new-born Stephen took him to the Blachernae church of the Most Holy Theotokos and dedicated him to God. the reign of the emperor Leo the Isaurian (716-741) there was a persecution against the holy icons and against those venerating them. the support of the emperor, the adherents of the Iconoclast heresy seized control of the supreme positions of authority in the Empire and in the Church. by the powers of this world, Orthodoxy was preserved in monasteries far from the capital, in solitary cells, and in the brave and faithful hearts of its followers. Orthodox parents of Saint Stephen, grieved by the prevailing impiety, fled from Constantinople to Bithynia, they gave over their sixteen-year-old son in obedience to the monk John, who labored in asceticism in a solitary place on the Mount of Saint Auxentius. Stephen dwelt with the venerable monk John for more than fifteen years, devoting himself totally to this spirit-bearing Elder, and learning monastic activity from him. Stephen received the news that his father was dead, and his mother and sisters had been tonsured as nuns. a certain time his teacher John also died. With deep sorrow Saint Stephen buried his venerable body, continued with monastic effort in his cave by himself. monks began to come to the ascetic, desiring to learn from him the virtuous and salvific life, and a monastery was established, Saint Stephen as the igumen. forty-two years of age Stephen left the monastery he founded, and he went to another mountain, on whose summit he dwelt in deep seclusion in a solitary cell. here also a community of monks soon gathered, seeking the spiritual guidance of Saint Stephen. the Isaurian was succeeded by Constantine Copronymos (741-775), a fiercer persecutor of the Orthodox, and an even more zealous iconoclast. emperor convened an Iconoclast Council, attended by 358 bishops from the Eastern provinces. except for Constantine, the Archbishop of Constantinople, illegitimately raised to the patriarchal throne by the power of Copronymos, one of the other patriarchs participated in the wicked doings of this Council, thus making it less likely to style itself as “ecumenical.” council of heretics, at the instigation of the emperor and the archbishop, described icons as idols, and pronounced an anathema on all who venerated icons in the Orthodox manner, and it described icon veneration as heresy. the monastery of Mount Auxentius and its igumen became known in the capital. They told the emperor about the ascetic life of the monks, about their Orthodox piety, about the igumen Stephen’s gift of wonderworking, and of how Saint Stephen’s fame had spread far beyond the region of the monastery, and that the name of its head was accorded universal respect and love. saint’s open encouragement of icon veneration and the implied rebuff to the persecutors of Orthodoxy within the monastery of Mount Auxentius especially angered the emperor. Archbishop Constantine realized that in the person of Saint Stephen he had a strong and implacable opponent of his iconoclastic intentions, and he plotted how he might draw him over to his side or else destroy him. tried to lure Saint Stephen into the Iconoclast camp, at first with flattery and bribery, then by threats, but in vain. they slandered the saint, accusing him of falling into sin with the nun Anna. But his guilt was not proven, since the nun courageously denied any guilt and died under torture and beatings. the emperor gave orders to lock up the saint in prison, and to destroy his monastery. bishops were sent to Saint Stephen in prison, trying to persuade him of the dogmatic correctness of the Iconoclast position. But the saint easily refuted all the arguments of the heretics and he remained true to Orthodoxy. the emperor ordered that the saint be exiled on one of the islands in the Sea of Marmora. Saint Stephen settled into a cave, and there also his disciples soon gathered. a certain while the saint left the brethren and took upon himself the exploit of living atop a pillar. of the stylite Stephen, and the miracles worked by his prayers, spread throughout all the Empire and strengthened the faith and spirit of Orthodoxy in the people. emperor gave orders to transfer Saint Stephen to prison on the island of Pharos, and then to bring him to trial. the trial, the saint refuted the arguments of the heretics sitting in judgment upon him. explained the dogmatic essence of icon veneration, and he denounced the Iconoclasts in blaspheming icons, they blasphemed Christ and the Mother of God. proof, the saint pointed to a golden coin inscribed with the image of the emperor. He asked the judges what would happen to a man who threw the coin to the ground , and then trampled the emperor’s image under his feet. replied that such a man would certainly be punished for dishonoring the image of the emperor. saint said that an even greater punishment awaited anyone who would dishonor the image of the King of Heaven and His Saints, and with that he spat on the coin, threw it to the ground, and began to trample it underfoot. emperor gave orders to take the saint to prison, where already there were languishing 342 Elders, condemned for the veneration of icons. this prison Saint Stephen spent eleven months, consoling the imprisoned. The prison became like a monastery, where the usual prayers and hymns were chanted according to the Typikon. people came to the prison in crowds and asked Saint Stephen to pray for them. the emperor learned that the saint had organized a monastery in prison, where they prayed and venerated holy icons, he sent two of his own servants, twin-brothers, to beat the saint to death. these brothers went to the prison and beheld the face of the monk shining with a divine light, they fell down on their knees before him, asking his forgiveness and prayers, they told the emperor that his command had been carried out. But the emperor learned the truth and he resorted to yet another lie. his soldiers that the saint was plotting to remove him from the throne, he sent them to the prison. The holy confessor himself came out to the furious soldiers, who seized him and dragged him through the streets of the city. They then threw the lacerated body of the martyr into a pit, where they were wont to bury criminals. the following morning a fiery cloud appeared over Mount Auxentius, and then a heavy darkness descended upon the capital, accompanied by hail, which killed many people. Constantine realized that in the person of Saint Stephen he had a strong and implacable opponent of his iconoclastic intentions, and he plotted how he might draw him over to his side or else destroy him. tried to lure Saint Stephen into the Iconoclast camp, at first with flattery and bribery, then by threats, but in vain. they slandered the saint, accusing him of falling into sin with the nun Anna. But his guilt was not proven, since the nun courageously denied any guilt and died under torture and beatings. the emperor gave orders to lock up the saint in prison, and to destroy his monastery. bishops were sent to Saint Stephen in prison, trying to persuade him of the dogmatic correctness of the Iconoclast position. But the saint easily refuted all the arguments of the heretics and he remained true to Orthodoxy. the emperor ordered that the saint be exiled on one of the islands in the Sea of Marmora. Saint Stephen settled into a cave, and there also his disciples soon gathered. a certain while the saint left the brethren and took upon himself the exploit of living atop a pillar. of the stylite Stephen, and the miracles worked by his prayers, spread throughout all the Empire and strengthened the faith and spirit of Orthodoxy in the people. emperor gave orders to transfer Saint Stephen to prison on the island of Pharos, and then to bring him to trial. the trial, the saint refuted the arguments of the heretics sitting in judgment upon him. explained the dogmatic essence of icon veneration, and he denounced the Iconoclasts in blaspheming icons, they blasphemed Christ and the Mother of God. proof, the saint pointed to a golden coin inscribed with the image of the emperor. He asked the judges what would happen to a man who threw the coin to the ground , and then trampled the emperor’s image under his feet. replied that such a man would certainly be punished for dishonoring the image of the emperor. saint said that an even greater punishment awaited anyone who would dishonor the image of the King of Heaven and His Saints, and with that he spat on the coin, threw it to the ground, and began to trample it underfoot. emperor gave orders to take the saint to prison, where already there were languishing 342 Elders, condemned for the veneration of icons. this prison Saint Stephen spent eleven months, consoling the imprisoned. The prison became like a monastery, where the usual prayers and hymns were chanted according to the Typikon. people came to the prison in crowds and asked Saint Stephen to pray for them. the emperor learned that the saint had organized a monastery in prison, where they prayed and venerated holy icons, he sent two of his own servants, twin-brothers, to beat the saint to death. these brothers went to the prison and beheld the face of the monk shining with a divine light, they fell down on their knees before him, asking his forgiveness and prayers, they told the emperor that his command had been carried out. But the emperor learned the truth and he resorted to yet another lie. his soldiers that the saint was plotting to remove him from the throne, he sent them to the prison. The holy confessor himself came out to the furious soldiers, who seized him and dragged him through the streets of the city. They then threw the lacerated body of the martyr into a pit, where they were wont to bury criminals. the following morning a fiery cloud appeared over Mount Auxentius, and then a heavy darkness descended upon the capital, accompanied by hail, which killed many people.

Bithynia, 741-745, Heiromartyr Theokteristus oPelekete Monastery, Bithynia, suffered fIcons, wSteven tNew, Burned wBoiling Tar
Bithynia, 741-745, Heiromartyr Theokteristus oPelekete Monastery, Bithynia, suffered for Icons, with Steven tNew, Burned wBoiling Tar, a spiritual writer, Cannon MOG Sustainer of Many Misfortunes; Pelekete Monastery; Heiromartyr Theokteristus, Commemorated on February 28; Holy Martyr Theokteristus, Igumen of the Pelekete monastery, for the holy icons under the impious emperor Constantine Copronymos (741-775). subjected to tortures were Saint Stephen the New (November 28), and other pious monks. Saint Theokteristus was burned with boiling tar. holy martyr was a spiritual writer, and composed a Canon to the Mother of God “Sustainer in Many Misfortunes.”

Bithynia, 772-846, Joannicius, no ed, all day prayer, cross over cattle, military, seclusion, prophecy, levitation, invisible
Bithynia, 772-846, Saint, Joannicius The Great; St. Irene Chrysovolantou, Commemorated on July 28; Venerable Joannicius the Great, Commemorated on November 4; Joannicius the Great was born in Bithynia in the year 752 in the village of Marikat. His parents were destitute and could not provide him even the basics of an education. From childhood he had to tend the family cattle, their sole wealth. for God and prayer completely dominated the soul of the child Joannicius. Often, having shielded the herd with the Sign of the Cross, he went to a secluded place and spent the whole day praying, and neither thieves nor wild beasts came near his herd. order of the emperor Leo IV (775-780), a multitude of officials went through the cities and towns to draft young men for military service. Young Joannicius was also drafted into the imperial army. earned the respect of his fellow soldiers for his good disposition, but he was also a brave soldier who struck fear in the hearts of his enemies. Joannicius served in the imperial army for six years. More than once he was rewarded by his commanders and the emperor. But military service weighed heavily on him; his soul thirsted for spiritual deeds and solitude. Joannicius, having renounced the world, longed to go at once into the wilderness. However, on the advice of an Elder experienced in monastic life, he spent a further two years at the monastery. Here the saint became accustomed to monastic obedience, to monastic rules and practices. He studied reading and writing, and he learned thirty Psalms of David by heart. this, commanded by God to go to a certain mountain, the monk withdrew into the wilderness. For three years he remained in deep solitude in the wilderness, and only once a month a shepherd brought him some bread and water. The ascetic spent day and night in prayer and psalmody. After each verse of singing the Psalms Saint Joannicius made a prayer, which the Orthodox Church keeps to this day in a somewhat altered form, “The Father is my hope, the Son is my refuge, the Holy Spirit is my protection.” chance, he encountered some of his former companions from military service. The saint fled the wilderness and withdrew to Mount Kountourea to hide himself from everyone. after twelve years of ascetic life did the hermit accept monastic tonsure. The saint spent three years in seclusion after being tonsured. Then he went to a place called Chelidon to see the great ascetic Saint George (February 21). The ascetics spent three years together. During this time Saint Joannicius learned the entire Psalter by heart. As he grew older, Saint Joannicius settled in the Antidiev monastery and dwelt there in seclusion until his death. Joannicius spent seventy years in ascetic deeds and attained to a high degree of spiritual perfection. Through the mercy of God the saint acquired the gift of prophecy, as his disciple Pachomius has related. The Elder also levitated above the ground when he prayed. Once, he crossed a river flooded to overflowing. The saint could make himself invisible for people and make others also hidden from sight. Saint Joannicius led Greek captives out of prison under the very eyes of the guards. Poison and fire, with which the envious wanted to destroy the saint, did him no harm, and predatory beasts did not touch him. He freed the island of Thasos from a multitude of snakes. Saint Joannicius also saved a young nun who was preparing to leave the monastery to marry; he took upon himself the agonized maiden’s suffering of passion, and by fasting and prayer, he overcame the seductive assault of the devil. his death, Saint Joannicius fell asleep in the Lord on November 4, 846, at the age of 94.

Bithynia, 779-830, Joseph, BoThessalonica, Bro oTheodore tStudite, both tortured&exiled fOrthodoxy, hymn&sermon writer
Constantinople, 779-830, Joseph, Bishop oThessalonica, Brother oTheodore tStudite, both ascetics at Sakkudion, they exiled to a barren island for opposing emperor Constantine VI unlawful marriage, freed by E Michael Rangabes, tortured&imprisoned by Iconoclast Leo V Armenian, freed by Iconodule Michael tStammerer, then lived aStudion final years, renowned hymnographer and sermon writer; The Studion Monestary ; St Joseph the Bishop of Thessalonica, and brother of St Theodore of Studion, Commemorated January 26 ; Joseph, Archbishop of Thessalonica, was brother of Saint Theodore the Studite (November 11), together they pursued a life of asceticism under the guidance of Saint Platon (April 5) in the monastery at Sakkudion, Bithynia. of his ascetic life, Saint Joseph was unanimously chosen archbishop of the city of Thessalonica. and his brother opposed the unlawful marriage of the emperor Constantine VI (780-797), which he was tortured then banished to a barren island. emperor Michael Rangabes (811-813) freed Saint Joseph from imprisonment. the emperor Leo V the Armenian (813-820) the holy hierarch and his brother Saint Theodore suffered once more for their veneration of holy icons. they subjected him to torture, he remained steadfast in his faith. iconoclast emperor ordered him to sign the iconoclast confession of faith, and when he refused they threw him into an even more foul prison. the emperor Michael the Stammerer (820-829) Saint Joseph was set free, together with other monks who had suffered for their veneration of icons. He spent his final years at the Studion Monastery, where he died in 830. Joseph is renowned as a hymnographer. He composed triodia for Holy Week, several stikhera of the LENTEN TRIODION, a Canon for the Sunday of Prodigal Son (which is filled with the spirit of profound repentance), and other hymns. wrote several sermons for feastdays, of which the best known is the Sermon on the Exaltation of the Precious and Life-Giving Cross of the Lord.

Bithynia, 787, Seventh Ecumenical Council, Nicaea, Bythnia, Icons
Bithynia, 787, Seventh Ecumenical Council, Nicaea, Bythnia ; Greatmartyr Euphemia the All-praised, Commemorated on July 11 ; Icon of the Mother of God of Armatia, Commemorated on July 21; Armatia Icon of the Mother of God was in Constantinople at the Armatian monastery. The place where the monastery was located, was called “Armation” or “of the Armatians” and received its name from the military magister Armatios, nephew of the tyrant Basiliscus, and a contemporary of the emperor Zeno (474-491). celebration of the wonderworking icon was established to commemorate deliverance from the Iconoclast heresy. The Seventh Ecumenical Council of 787 drew up dogmatic definitions about icon veneration based on Holy Scripture and Church Tradition. Armatia Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos is commemorated twice during the year, on July 21 and August 17. Icon of the Mother of God of Armatia, Commemorated on August 17; Icon of the Mother of God of Pisidia, Commemorated on September 3; Commemoration of the Miracle of the Icon of Our Lord Jesus Christ in Beret, Commemorated on October 11 ; St Nicetas the Confessor of Paphlagonia, Commemorated on October 13 ; Venerable Theodore the Confessor the Abbot of the Studion; Hieromartyr Euthymius the Bishop of Sardis, Commemorated December 26 ; St Tarasius the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated February 25; St Theophylactus the Bishop of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 8; St Sophronius the Patriarch of Jerusalem (Spiritual Meadow), Commemorated on March 11; Venerable Theophanes the Confessor of Sigriane, Commemorated on March 12; St Plato the Confessor of Studion, Commemorated on April 5; St Epiphanius the Bishop of Cyprus, Commemorated on May 12; St Germanus the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on May 12 ; St Epiphanius the Bishop of Cyprus, Commemorated on May 12; St Michael the Confessor the Bishop of Synnada, Commemorated on May 23; Greatmartyr Euphemia the All-praised, Commemorated on July 11;

Bithynia, 800, 9th Century Folder, Saints Cosmos and Auxentios, Iconodules

Bithynia, 813, Saints Cosmos and Auxentios
Bithynia, 800, 9th Century Folder, Saints Cosmos and Auxentios; Saint Cosmas, Bishop of Chalcedon, and his fellow ascetic, Saint Auxentius Commemorated on April 18 ;

Bithynia, 813-821, Athanasius the Confessor oConstantinople, Iconoclast Leo tA tortured, eliled him for icons
Constantinople, 813-821, Athanasius the Confessor oConstantinople (Bosphorus Strait, Golden Horn), devoting self tGod aChildhood dream, rich pious parents, Nicomedia Monastery Pavlopetrios, imperial court heard about his lofty ascetic life, Iconoclast Leo the Armenian subjected him to torture for icons, exile grief suffering, confessing Orthodox faith to the end, peacefully in 821; Constantinople; St Athanasius the Confessor of Constantinople, Commemorated February 22 ; Athanasius the Confessor was born in Constantinople of rich and pious parents. his childhood he dreamed of devoting himself entirely to God, having reached maturity, he settled in one of the Nicomedia monasteries, called the Pavlopetrios (i.e., in the names of the holy Apostles Peter and Paul), and became a monk there. loftiness of his ascetic life became known at the imperial court. the reign of the iconoclast emperor Leo the Armenian (813-820), Athanasius was subjected to torture for venerating icons, then underwent exile, grief and suffering. the Orthodox Faith until the very end of his life, Saint Athanasius died peacefully in the year 821.

Bithynia, 813-888, Eustratius tWonderworker, fTarsus, tAbgar m a20, igumen bread water only, prayer nights, think future life
Cilicia, 813-888, Eustratius tWonderworker, fTarsus, Cilicia (Seyhan River Mouth), tAbgar m a20, ascetic life bread water only nights iPrayer, igumen, hid from Leo tArmenian 813-320, then returned, constantly repeated Lord, have mercy, don't focus earthly blessings, think future life, commended his spirit to Lord's hands&died a95; Tarsus; St Eustratius the Wonderworker, Commemorated January 9 ; Eustratius came from the city of Tarsus. twenty years of age he secretly left his parents’ home and settled in the Abgar monastery (on Olympos in Asia Minor). he lived a strict ascetic life, eating only bread and water, and spending his nights at prayer. a certain while he was chosen as igumen of the monastery. the reign of the Iconoclast Leo the Armenian (813-820), Saint Eustratius hid from pursuit by roaming the hills and the wilds. the death of the emperor he returned to the monastery. was always on his lips, and he constantly repeated the words: “Lord, have mercy!” his death he gave instructions to the monks not to be attracted towards earthly blessings, constantly to think about the future life. himself with the Sign of the Cross, he said, “Into Thy hands, O Lord, I commend my spirit” and he died in peace at age 95.

Bithynia, 886-911, Thomas oBithynia, igumen new Sakkoudion m, withdrew solitude, clairvoyantly answers Emperor's question
Bithynia, 886-911, Thomas oBithynia, from there, young monk, later chosen igumen new Sakkoudion m, withdrew solitude, Emperor visits, clairvoyantly answers question before asked; Sakkoudion Monastery on Mt Olympos in Bithynia; Venerable Thomas of Bithynia Commemorated on December 10; Thomas Dephourkinos was born in Bithynia. his youth he was fond of monastic life and entered one of the area monasteries. in his life, when the Byzantine official Galoliktos had founded a monastery at the River Sagarisa, Saint Thomas was already an experienced monk, and the brethren chose him as head of the new monastery. there Saint Thomas withdrew into the wilderness, where for a long time he labored in solitude. monk overcame many snares of the devil in the wilderness. The Lord glorified him with the gift of healing and prophecy. the emperor Leo the Wise (886-911) came to the monastery to Saint Thomas for advice. finding the monk at the monastery, the emperor sent his messenger with a letter for him. just as the messenger arrived at the the Elder’s hut, the saint carried out to him a sealed answer, resolving the emperor’s question. is not known when Saint Thomas reposed.

Bithynia, 900, 10th Century Folder, Luke of Triglia

Bithynia, 912-980, Luke tNew Stylite oChalcedon, Soldier saved bGod, then monk, then Stylite, chains&Pillar, 45yrs, wonderworkng
BBithynia, 912-980, Luke tNew Stylite oChalcedon, Bithynia (Bosphorus Strait), soldier under Constantine Porphyrogenitos, protected by God in War wBulgaria 917, became monk, ordained aPresbyter, striving highter degree, chains&pillar, tOlympos, tConstantinople, tChalcedon, 45yrs, wonderworking, died 980; Chalcedon; Venerable Luke the New Stylite of Chalcedon, Commemorated on December 11 ; Luke the New Stylite was a soldier under the Byzantine emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitos (912-959). a war with Bulgaria (917), Saint Luke remained unharmed through the Providence of God. this he became a monk, and having succeeded in his efforts, was ordained as a presbyter. for an even higher degree of perfection, the monk put chains upon himself and ascended a pillar. three years standing on the pillar, through divine inspiration, he went to Mount Olympos, and then to Constantinople, and finally to Chalcedon, he chose a pillar upon which he remained for 45 years, manifesting a gift of wonderworking. He died in about the year 980.

Bithynia, 929-999, Venerable Luke the Abbot, Batheos (Vatheos) Ryakos (near Triglia, Bithynia)
Batheos (Vatheos) Ryakos (near Triglia, Bithynia); Triglia, Bithynia; Venerable Luke the Abbot, Near Constantinople, Commemorated on September 7; Luke was a monk at the Deep Stream Monastery near Triglia, Lykaonia (in Asia Minor), and later became its third Igoumen, reposed there in peace at the end of the X century. Monastery, dedicated to the Transfiguration of Christ. was famed for the strictness of the ascetic life of its monks. first Igoumen and founder of the monastery was Saint Basil (July 1), and the second was Saint Ignatius (+ September 27, 970).1 to the Hagiologion of Metropolitan Sophronios Eustratiadou, Saint Luke is commemorated on September 7. Saint Νikόdēmos of the Holy Mountain (July 14) lists his commemoration on December 27. Some sources list Saint Peter (September 7) as the second Igoumen.

Bithynia, 986, Hypomone, Nicaea, Bithynia (on Lake Ascanius in Lower Sakarya) patience, I marvel at your sufferings H
Bithynia, 986, Hypomone, Nicaea, Bithynia (on Lake Ascanius in Lower Sakarya) patience, I marvel at your sufferings H; Nicea (Nicaea); Martyr Hypomone, Commemorated on April 5; Hypomone (Αγία Υπομονή), who suffered during the pre-Nicene persecutions, not mentioned in the Synaxaristes of Saint Νikόdēmos (July 14), nor in the printed Menaia, but she is mentioned in Vatican Codex 1104 f. 986, which contains her Service, composed by Saint Theophanes (October 11). The acrostic of the Canon is: "I marvel at your sufferings, Hypomone." Her name means "patience."

Bithynia, 1000, 11th 14th Century Folder, Sultanate of Rum

Sultanate of Rum, 1077-1307, Nicaea, Bithynia (Iznik), Sunni
Sultanate of Rum, 1077-1307, Nicaea, Bithynia (Iznik), Sunni; Right-believing Tamara, Queen of Georgia, Commemorated on May 1;

Bithynia, 1204-1261, Nicean Empire Folder, temporary Roman (Byzantine) Empire

Bithynia, 1204-1261, Nicean Empire, temporary Roman Empire after Crusaders took Constatninople
Empire, temporary Roman Empire after Crusaders took Constatninople Empire of Nicaea or the Nicene Empire[1] is the conventional historiographic name for the largest of the three Byzantine Greek[2][3] rump states founded by the aristocracy of the Byzantine Empire that fled after Constantinople was occupied by Western European and Venetian forces during the Fourth Crusade. the Empire of Trebizond and the Empire of Thessalonica, it claimed to be the continuation of the Roman Empire. by the Laskaris family,[3] it lasted from 1204 to 1261, when the Nicaeans restored the Byzantine Empire in Constantinople. Nicea (Nicaea);

Bithynia, 1299, 13th 14th Century Folder, Ottoman Empire in Bithynia

Bithynia, 1299-1335, Ottoman Empire, Sogut, (Sunni, Turkey, the Turks)
Ottoman Empire, Sogut, Bithynia 1299-1335 (Sunni, Turkey, the Turks); Turks; 26 Monk-Martyrs of Zographou of Mt Athos, Commemorated September 21 ; The Martyrs of Armenia, 24 April 1915 ; Blessed John the King of Serbia and his parents, Commemorated December 10 ; Venerable Agapius of Vatopedi, Commemorated on March 1; MARTYRS OF ARMENIA, 24 April 1915 ; Martyr Avakum the Deacon of Serbia;

Bithynia, 1299-1326, Ottoman Sultan, Osman 1, Sogut, Bithynia
Ottoman Sultan, 1299-1326, Osman 1, Sogut, Bithynia ; St Nicodemus the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on May 11;

Bithynia,1335-1413, Ottoman Empire Prusa, (Sunni, Turkey, The Turks)
Ottoman Empire Prusa, Bithnia, 1335-1413, (Sunni, Turkey, The Turks); Moslem sultan Bayazet; Synaxis of the Holy Glorious Prophet, Forerunner and Baptist John, Commemorated January 7 ;

Bithynia, 1389-1402, Moslem sultan Bayazet - Ottoman, Turks - Fortress at Bursa
Ottoman Empire, Prusa, Bithnia (1335-1413); Moslem sultan Bayazet; Synaxis of the Holy Glorious Prophet, Forerunner and Baptist John, Commemorated January 7 ;

Bithynia, 1393, Tatiana's Relics, disdained riches, virgin, served, prayed fTormentors, Idols smashed, completely healed 3times
Rome, 222-235, Tatoama oRome (Aniene River, Tiber River 5), father secret wealthy christian, she decided remain virgin, disdaining earthly riches, deaconess, fasting prayer, tending sick needy, time o16yr old Alex Severus, regen Ulpian, she arrested, tApollo temple, her prayer caused earthquake, idol smashed, temple fell on pagans, demon fled screeching, demon shadow, T's eyes torn out, she prayed for tormentors, angels encircled T beating tormentors, heaven voice, 8 men believed&executed, she next day completely healed before judge, she slashed wRazors, wonderous fragrance, beaten so long servants replaced times, invisible power beating torturers, angels turned blows back torturers, 9 fell dead, tPrison, all night praises sang wAngels, next morning completely healthy, even more radient&beautiful, T seemed agreeable sacrifice tDiana, Thunder crash, Lightning struck D&Priests, she hung up scraped wIron claws, that night Angels healed wounds, next day tCircus wHungry Lion licked her feet, then killed torturer, T into fire, no harm, thought a sorceress cut hair locked her up Zeus Temple, Zeus shattered she praising God, she beheaded wHer father, Relics Tatiana iCraiova, Romania 1204 & Tarnovo Bulgaria, then Bucovat m near Craiova, 1393 her head to Nicea, Bythynia, then Holy Apostles Church, Constn, 1453 tCraopvesto and Bistrita m wGregory tDecapolite body, then tCurtea de Arges, 1955 tRamnicu Valcea, today iCraiova wNipon's relics &Sergius&Bacchus relics; Rome; Martyr Tatiana of Rome, and those who suffered with Her, Commemorated January 12 ; Holy Virgin Martyr Tatiana was born into an illustrious Roman family, her father was elected consul three times. was secretly a Christian and raised his daughter to be devoted to God and the Church. she reached the age of maturity, Tatiana decided to remain a virgin, betrothing herself to Christ. earthly riches, she sought instead the imperishable wealth of Heaven. was made a deaconess in one of the Roman churches and served God in fasting and prayer, tending the sick and helping the needy. Rome was ruled by the sixteen-year-old Alexander Severus (222-235), power was concentrated in the hands of the regent Ulpian, an evil enemy and persecutor of Christians. blood flowed like water. was also arrested, and they brought her into the temple of Apollo to force her to offer sacrifice to the idol. saint began praying, suddenly there was an earthquake. idol was smashed into pieces, and part of the temple collapsed and fell down on the pagan priests and many pagans. demon inhabiting the idol fled screeching from that place. Those present saw its shadow flying through the air. they tore holy virgin’s eyes out with hooks, but she bravely endured everything, praying for her tormentors that the Lord would open their spiritual eyes. the Lord heard the prayer of His servant. executioners saw four angels encircle the saint and beat her tormentors. voice was heard from the heavens speaking to the holy virgin. men believed in Christ and fell on their knees before Saint Tatiana, begging them to forgive them their sin against her. confessing themselves Christians they were tortured and executed, receiving Baptism by blood. next day Saint Tatiana was brought before the wicked judge. her completely healed of all her wounds, they stripped her and beat her, and slashed her body with razors. wondrous fragrance then filled the air. she was stretched out on the ground and beaten for so long that the servants had to be replaced several times. torturers became exhausted and said that an invisible power was beating them with iron rods. the angels warded off the blows directed at her and turned them upon the tormentors, causing nine of them to fall dead. then threw the saint in prison, she prayed all night and sang praises to the Lord with the angels. new morning began, and they took Saint Tatiana to the tribunal once more. torturers beheld with astonishment that after such terrible torments she appeared completely healthy and even more radiant and beautiful than before. began to urge her to offer sacrifice to the goddess Diana. saint seemed agreeable, and they took her to the heathen temple. Tatiana made the Sign of the Cross and began to pray. there was a crash of deafening thunder, and lightning struck the idol, the sacrificial offerings and the pagan priests. again, the martyr was fiercely tortured. was hung up and scraped with iron claws, her breasts were cut off. night, angels appeared to her in prison and healed her wounds as before. the following day, they took Saint Tatiana to the circus and loosed a hungry lion on her. The beast did not harm the saint, but meekly licked her feet. they were taking the lion back to its cage, it killed one of the torturers. threw Tatiana into a fire, but the fire did not harm the martyr. pagans, thinking that she was a sorceress, cut her hair to take away her magical powers, then locked her up in the temple of Zeus. the third day, pagan priests came to the temple intending to offer sacrifice to Zeus. beheld the idol on the floor, shattered to pieces, and the holy martyr Tatiana joyously praising the Lord Jesus Christ. The judge then condemned the valiant sufferer to be beheaded with a sword. Her father was also executed with her, because he had raised her to love Christ. Relics of Saint Tatiana in Craiova honorable head of the Holy Martyr Tatiana was first brought to Romania in 1204, members of the ruling family (Asanestan dynasty) placed it in a church in Tarnovo (Bulgaria) then in Bucovat Monastery (near Craiova). however, in 1393, the head of the Saint was taken to a church in the town of Nicaea (where the First Ecumenical Synod met), then to Constantinople, and placed in the Church of the Holy Apostles. 1453, after the conquest of Constantinople by the Turks, during the reign of Neagoe Basarab, the Craioveşti boyars brought the head of the holy Martyr Tatiana to this country, well as the entire body of Saint Gregory the Decapolite (November 20), they placed in the church of Bistriţa Monastery. that monastery, the relics of Saint Tatiana were taken by Saint Neagoe Basarab (September 15) and brought to the royal church at Curtea de Argeș. with the reorganization of the Metropolitan Church of Oltenia (1950-1955), the honorable skull of Saint Tatiana was taken from Curtea de Argeș and brought to the Episcopal Cathedral of Râmnicu Vâlcea in 1955. the honored relics were permanently enshrined in the Metropolitan Cathedral of Craiova. the holy relics of Saint Tatiana are kept, with great honor, in the Metropolitan Cathedral of the Holy Great Martyr Demetrios in Craiova, the same reliquary with the relics of Saint Niphon of Constantinople (August 11), and the Holy Martyrs Sergius and Bacchus (October 7).

Bithynia, Lower Sakarya River Folder, Central BIT

Sakarya River

Sakarya River 5 (Phrygia and Bythnia)

Sogut, Bithynia (Sakarya River 5.4)
Sogut, Bithynia; St. Nicodemus the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on May 11;

Sakarya River 6 (Nicaea, Bithynia)

Nicaea, Bithynia (on Lake Ascanius in Lower Sakarya)
Nicea (Nicaea); Greatmartyr Euphemia the All-praised, Commemorated on July 11 ; MACRINA THE YOUNGER, MONASTIC AND TEACHER (19 JUL 379) ; Icon of the Mother of God of Armatia, Commemorated on July 21; Martyr Theodota in Bithynia, Commemorated on July 29; Righteous Nonna the mother of St Gregory the Theologian, Commemorated on August 5; Martyr Diomedes the Physician of Tarsus, in Cilicia, Commemorated on August 16; Icon of the Mother of God of Armatia, Commemorated on August 17; St Hosius the Confessor the Bishop of Cordova, Commemorated August 27 ; St Alexander the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on August 30; Saints Peter and Paul, Bishops of Nicaea, Commemorated on September 10; St Peter Bishop of Nicea, Commemorated September 10 ; Venerable Paul the Obedient, of the Kiev Caves, Commemorated on September 10; Martyr Theodota at Nicea, Commemorated on September 17 ; Arrival of the Iveron Icon of the Mother of God in Georgia, Commemorated on September 26 ; Martyr Polychronius the Presbyter, Commemorated on October 7 ; St Theophanes the Confessor and Hymnographer, Bishop of Nicea, Commemorated on October 11 ; St Hypatius of Gangra, Commemorated on November 16 ; Commemoration of the Holy Fathers of the Seventh Ecumenical Council; Martyr Eustathius of Nicea, Commemorated on November 20 ; NICHOLAS OF MYRA, FRIEND OF CHILDREN, GIVER OF GIFTS, CLIMBER OF CHIMNEYS, ETC. (6 DEC 326) ; St Paul the Bishop of Neocaesarea, Commemorated December 23 ; Venerable Theodore Graptus, "the branded," Confessor, Commemorated December 27 ; Saint Sava I, first Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on August 30 and January 14; St Athanasius the Great the Archbishop of Alexandria, Commemorated on January 18 ; Commemoration of the miracle of Saint Basil the Great at Nicaea, Commemorated on January 19; Martyr Neophytus of Nicea, Commemorated January 21; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated on January 28 ; Martyr Tryphon of Campsada Near Apamea in Syria, Commemorated on February 1 ; Icon of the Mother of God "Iveron", Commemorated February 12 ; St Eustathius the Archbishop of Antioch, Commemorated on February 21; St Tarasius the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated February 25; Martyr Antonina of Nicea, in Bithynia, Commemorated on March 1; Hieromartyr Capiton of Cherson, Commemorated on March 7 ; Martyr Quadratus and the rest of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 10; CYRIL OF JERUSALEM, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (18 MAR 386); Appearance of the Iveron Icon of the Mother of God, Commemorated on March 31; St Plato the Confessor of Studion, Commemorated on April 5; Martyr Hypomone, Commemorated on April 5; Hieromartyr Zeno the Bishop of Verona, Commemorated on April 12; ATHANASIUS, BISHOP OF ALEXANDRIA, THEOLOGIAN, DOCTOR (2 MAY 373); St Athanasius the Great the Patriarch of Alexandria, Commemorated on May 2 ; Commemoration of the Apparition of the Sign of the Precious Cross Over Jerusalem, in 351 AD, Commemorated on May 7; GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (9 MAY 389); St Epiphanius the Bishop of Cyprus, Commemorated on May 12; St Germanus the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on May 12; St Achilles the Bishop of Larissa, Commemorated on May 15 ; Equal of the Apostles and Emperor Constantine with his Mother Helen, Commemorated on May 21; St Michael the Confessor the Bishop of Synnada, Commemorated on May 23; EPHREM OF EDESSA, DEACON AND HYMN-WRITER (10 JUNE 373); BASIL THE GREAT, BISHOP, THEOLOGIAN (14 JUNE 379); Martyr Antonina of Nicea, Commemorated on June 13; Hieromartyr Eusebius the Bishop of Samosata, Commemorated on June 22; Venerable Athanasius the Founder of the Great Lavra and Coenobitic Monasticism on Mt. Athos, Commemorated on July 5 ;

Lake Ascanius
Lake Ascanius; Martyr Antonina of Nicea, in Bithynia, Commemorated on March 1;

Sakarya River 7 (Nicomedia, Bithynia)

Nicomedia, Bithynia (Gulf of Ismid, Lower Sakarya)
Nicomedia; Hieromartyr Hermolaus at Nicomedia, Commemorated July 26 ; Holy Woman Olympias (Olympiada) the Deaconess of Constantinople, Commemorated on July 25; Holy Apostles of the Seventy and Deacons: Prochorus, Nicanor, Timon, and Parmenas, Commemorated on July 28; Martyr Anicetus of Nicomedia, Commemorated on August 12; Martyr Diomedes the Physician of Tarsus, in Cilicia, Commemorated on August 16; Martyr Straton of Nicomedia, Commemorated August 17 ; Martyr Kyriake of Nicomedia; Martyr Agathonicus of Nicomedia, and others who suffered under Maximian, Commemorated on August 22; Martyr Adrian of Nicomedia, Commemorated on August 26 ; St Alexander the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on August 30; Martyr Callista with her brothers at Nicomedia, Commemorated September 1 ; 3,628 Martyrs who suffered at Nicomedia, Commemorated September 2 ; Hieromartyr Anthimus the Bishop of Nicomedia, Commemorated on September 3; Martyr Theophilus the Deacon of Nicomedia, Commemorated September 3 ; Martyr Basilissa of Nicomedia, Commemorated on September 3; Martyr Babylas of Nicomedia, Commemorated September 4 ; Martyr Theodore of Nicomedia, Commemorated September 4 ; Martyr Urban and 79 Companions at Nicomedia, Commemorated September 5 ; Martyr Menodora at Nicomedia, Commemorated on September 10 ; St Coronatus the Bishop of Nicomedia, Commemorated September 12 ; Hieromartyr Cyprian of Nicomedia, Commemorated on October 2 ; Martyrs Gaius, Dasius, and Zoticus at Nicomedia, Commemorated on October 21; 20,000 Martyrs of Nicomedia, Commemorated on December 28 ; Martyr Callisthene and her father Audactus of Ephesus ; Martyr Eulampius at Nicomedia, Commemorated October 10 ; 200 Martyrs with Eulampius and Eulampia at Nicomedia, Commemorated October 10 ; Martyr Lucian the Presbyter of Antioch, Commemorated on October 15 ; Martyr Dasius at Nicomedia, Commemorated on October 21; St Paul the Confessor the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated on November 6 ; Virginmartyr Juliana of Nicomedia, Commemorated on December 21 ; The Nativity of our Lord God and Savior Jesus Christ; Afterfeast of the Nativity of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, Commemorated December 28; 20,000 Martyrs of Nicomedia, Commemorated December 28 ; Martyr Philetairus of Nicomedia, Commemorated December 30 ; Apostle Prochorus the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Hieromartyr Theopemptus the Bishop of Nicomedia, Commemorated January 5 ; Venerable Syncletica of Alexandria, Commemorated on January 5 ; Virginmartyr Euphrasia of Nicomedia, Commemorated January 19 ; Martyr Bassus at Nicomedia, Commemorated January 20 ; Hieromartyr Clement the Bishop of Ancyra, Commemorated on January 23 ; 1,003 Martyrs of Nicomedia,Commemorated February 7 ; St Athanasius the Confessor of Constantinople, Commemorated February 22 ; St Theophylactus the Bishop of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 8; Theophylactus lived at Constantinople in the eighth century during the time of the Iconoclast heresy. After the death of the iconoclast emperor Leo IV the Khazar (775-780), Emperor Constantine VI (780-797) ascended the throne. At the same time, the holy Patriarch Paul (August 30), not having the strength to continue guiding the flock in the face of iconoclasm, voluntarily resigned his office (784). Saint Tarasius (February 25) was chosen in his place. At that time, he was an eminent imperial counselor. Under the supervision of the new Patriarch the Seventh Ecumenical Council (787) was convened to condemn the Iconoclast heresy. A relatively peaceful time began for the Church, and monasteries again began to fill with monks. Theophylactus, a gifted disciple of Saint Tarasius, with the blessing of the Patriarch, went to a monastery on the coast of the Black Sea with Saint Michael (May 23). The zealous ascetics by their God-pleasing labors and intense prayer were granted the gift of wonderworking by God. During a drought, when the workers in the field were weakened by thirst, the saints prayed and an empty vessel became filled with enough water to last the entire day. several years in the monastery, they were both consecrated as bishops by Patriarch Tarasius. Saint Michael was made Bishop of Synada, and Saint Theophylactus was made Bishop of Nicomedia. the Church of Nicomedia, Saint Theophylactus cared for the flock entrusted to him. He built churches, hospices, homes for wanderers, he generously distributed alms, was the guardian of orphans, widows and the sick, and personally attended those afflicted with leprosy, not hesitating to wash their wounds. the iconoclast Leo the Armenian (813-820) came to the imperial throne, the terrible heresy burst forth with renewed strength. the iconoclast emperor was not able to influence Saint Nicephorus (June 2), the successor of Patriarch Tarasius, who with the other bishops vainly urged Leo not to destroy the peace of the Church. Saint Theophylactus was present at the negotiations of the emperor with the Patriarch. Denouncing the heretics, Saint Theophylactus predicted a speedy death for Leo the Armenian. For his bold prophecy the saint was sent into exile to the fortress Strobil (in Asia Minor). He languished for thirty years until his death, which took place around the year 845. the restoration of icon-veneration in the year 847 under the empress Saint Theodora (February 11) and her son Michael, the holy relics of Saint Theophylactus were returned to Nicomedia. Martyr Urpasianus of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 9 ; Martyr Quadratus and the rest of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 10; Martyr Trophimus of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 18; Martyr Pancharius at Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 19; St Plato the Confessor of Studion, Commemorated on April 5; Martyr Victor of Nicomedia, Commemorated on April 18; Martyr Christopher at Nicomedia, Commemorated on April 19; Martyr Isaac of Nicomedia, Commemorated on April 21; Greatmartyr, Victory-bearer and Wonderworker George, Commemorated on April 23; Martyr Eusebius and Others, at Nicomedia, Commemorated on April 24; ATHANASIUS, BISHOP OF ALEXANDRIA, THEOLOGIAN, DOCTOR (2 MAY 373); St Michael the Confessor the Bishop of Synnada, Commemorated on May 23; Martyr Lucillian and those who suffered with him at Byzantium, Commemorated on June 3; Martyr Kyriake of Nicomedia, Commemorated on July 7;

City and Capital of Bithynia, Nicomedia, Bithynia (Gulf of Ismid, Lower Sakarya)
Nicomedia; Hieromartyr Hermolaus at Nicomedia, Commemorated July 26 ; Holy Woman Olympias (Olympiada) the Deaconess of Constantinople, Commemorated on July 25; Holy Apostles of the Seventy and Deacons: Prochorus, Nicanor, Timon, and Parmenas, Commemorated on July 28; Martyr Anicetus of Nicomedia, Commemorated on August 12; Martyr Diomedes the Physician of Tarsus, in Cilicia, Commemorated on August 16; Martyr Straton of Nicomedia, Commemorated August 17 ; Martyr Kyriake of Nicomedia; Martyr Agathonicus of Nicomedia, and others who suffered under Maximian, Commemorated on August 22; Martyr Adrian of Nicomedia, Commemorated on August 26 ; St Alexander the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on August 30; Martyr Callista with her brothers at Nicomedia, Commemorated September 1 ; 3,628 Martyrs who suffered at Nicomedia, Commemorated September 2 ; Hieromartyr Anthimus the Bishop of Nicomedia, Commemorated on September 3; Martyr Theophilus the Deacon of Nicomedia, Commemorated September 3 ; Martyr Basilissa of Nicomedia, Commemorated on September 3; Martyr Babylas of Nicomedia, Commemorated September 4 ; Martyr Theodore of Nicomedia, Commemorated September 4 ; Martyr Urban and 79 Companions at Nicomedia, Commemorated September 5 ; Martyr Menodora at Nicomedia, Commemorated on September 10 ; St Coronatus the Bishop of Nicomedia, Commemorated September 12 ; Hieromartyr Cyprian of Nicomedia, Commemorated on October 2 ; Martyrs Gaius, Dasius, and Zoticus at Nicomedia, Commemorated on October 21; 20,000 Martyrs of Nicomedia, Commemorated on December 28 ; Martyr Callisthene and her father Audactus of Ephesus ; Martyr Eulampius at Nicomedia, Commemorated October 10 ; 200 Martyrs with Eulampius and Eulampia at Nicomedia, Commemorated October 10 ; Martyr Lucian the Presbyter of Antioch, Commemorated on October 15 ; Martyr Dasius at Nicomedia, Commemorated on October 21; St Paul the Confessor the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated on November 6 ; Virginmartyr Juliana of Nicomedia, Commemorated on December 21 ; The Nativity of our Lord God and Savior Jesus Christ; Afterfeast of the Nativity of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, Commemorated December 28; 20,000 Martyrs of Nicomedia, Commemorated December 28 ; Martyr Philetairus of Nicomedia, Commemorated December 30 ; Apostle Prochorus the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Hieromartyr Theopemptus the Bishop of Nicomedia, Commemorated January 5 ; Venerable Syncletica of Alexandria, Commemorated on January 5 ; Virginmartyr Euphrasia of Nicomedia, Commemorated January 19 ; Martyr Bassus at Nicomedia, Commemorated January 20 ; Hieromartyr Clement the Bishop of Ancyra, Commemorated on January 23 ; 1,003 Martyrs of Nicomedia,Commemorated February 7 ; St Athanasius the Confessor of Constantinople, Commemorated February 22 ; St Theophylactus the Bishop of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 8; Theophylactus lived at Constantinople in the eighth century during the time of the Iconoclast heresy. After the death of the iconoclast emperor Leo IV the Khazar (775-780), Emperor Constantine VI (780-797) ascended the throne. At the same time, the holy Patriarch Paul (August 30), not having the strength to continue guiding the flock in the face of iconoclasm, voluntarily resigned his office (784). Saint Tarasius (February 25) was chosen in his place. At that time, he was an eminent imperial counselor. Under the supervision of the new Patriarch the Seventh Ecumenical Council (787) was convened to condemn the Iconoclast heresy. A relatively peaceful time began for the Church, and monasteries again began to fill with monks. Theophylactus, a gifted disciple of Saint Tarasius, with the blessing of the Patriarch, went to a monastery on the coast of the Black Sea with Saint Michael (May 23). The zealous ascetics by their God-pleasing labors and intense prayer were granted the gift of wonderworking by God. During a drought, when the workers in the field were weakened by thirst, the saints prayed and an empty vessel became filled with enough water to last the entire day. several years in the monastery, they were both consecrated as bishops by Patriarch Tarasius. Saint Michael was made Bishop of Synada, and Saint Theophylactus was made Bishop of Nicomedia. the Church of Nicomedia, Saint Theophylactus cared for the flock entrusted to him. He built churches, hospices, homes for wanderers, he generously distributed alms, was the guardian of orphans, widows and the sick, and personally attended those afflicted with leprosy, not hesitating to wash their wounds. the iconoclast Leo the Armenian (813-820) came to the imperial throne, the terrible heresy burst forth with renewed strength. the iconoclast emperor was not able to influence Saint Nicephorus (June 2), the successor of Patriarch Tarasius, who with the other bishops vainly urged Leo not to destroy the peace of the Church. Saint Theophylactus was present at the negotiations of the emperor with the Patriarch. Denouncing the heretics, Saint Theophylactus predicted a speedy death for Leo the Armenian. For his bold prophecy the saint was sent into exile to the fortress Strobil (in Asia Minor). He languished for thirty years until his death, which took place around the year 845. the restoration of icon-veneration in the year 847 under the empress Saint Theodora (February 11) and her son Michael, the holy relics of Saint Theophylactus were returned to Nicomedia. Martyr Urpasianus of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 9 ; Martyr Quadratus and the rest of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 10; Martyr Trophimus of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 18; Martyr Pancharius at Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 19; St Plato the Confessor of Studion, Commemorated on April 5; Martyr Victor of Nicomedia, Commemorated on April 18; Martyr Christopher at Nicomedia, Commemorated on April 19; Martyr Isaac of Nicomedia, Commemorated on April 21; Greatmartyr, Victory-bearer and Wonderworker George, Commemorated on April 23; Martyr Eusebius and Others, at Nicomedia, Commemorated on April 24; ATHANASIUS, BISHOP OF ALEXANDRIA, THEOLOGIAN, DOCTOR (2 MAY 373); St Michael the Confessor the Bishop of Synnada, Commemorated on May 23; Martyr Lucillian and those who suffered with him at Byzantium, Commemorated on June 3; Martyr Kyriake of Nicomedia, Commemorated on July 7;

Sakarya River Mouth (Bithynia, Pontus and Black Sea)
Northwest Bithynia, on the coast of the Black Sea, Monk Martyrs Epictetus and Astion, at Halmyris, Commemorated on July 8;

Bithynia, Northwest Bithynia on the Coast of the Black Sea
Northwest Bithynia, on the coast of the Black Sea, Monk Martyrs Epictetus and Astion, at Halmyris, Commemorated on July 8;

Bithynia, Sakkoudion River Folder (Mysia, Mt Olympus), Southern BIT

Mysia Region
Mysia Region; Paul'™s Vision of the Man of Macedonia;

Sakkoudion (Sagarista) River

Sakkodian River (Lower Sakkodian)

Sakkoudion River Source (Mount Olympus)

Mt. Olympus, Bithynia in Asia Minor
Mt. Olympus in Asia Minor; Abgar monastery (on Olympos in Asia Minor); Venerable Michael of Maleinus, Commemorated July 12 ; St Irene Chrysovolantou, Commemorated July 28 ; St George Limniotes the Confessor of Mt. Olympus, Commemorated on August 24; St Peter of Atroe, Commemorated September 13 ; Hieromartyr Cyprian of Nicomedia, Commemorated on October 2, From age seven until thirty, Cyprian studied at the most outstanding centers of paganism: on Mount Olympus, in the cities of Argos and Tauropolis, in the Egyptian city of Memphis, and at Babylon; Venerable Euthymius the New of Thessalonica, and Monk of Mt Athos, Commemorated on October 15 ; Righteous Anna of Constantinople, Commemorated October 29 ; Venerable Hilarion the Monk and Wonderworker of Thessalonica, Georgian, Commemorated on November 19 ; Venerable Gregory Decapolite, Commemorated on November 20 ; Monkmartyr and Confessor Stephen the New of Mt St Auxentius, Commemorated on November 28 ; Martyr Neophytus of Nicea, Commemorated January 21; Venerable Luke the New Stylite of Chalcedon, Commemorated on December 11 ; Venerable Timothy of Symbola in Bithynia, Commemorated February 21 ; St Paul the Confessor the Bishop of Plusias in Bithynia, Commemorated on March 7; St Plato the Confessor of Studion, Commemorated on April 5; St Methodius, Equal of the Apostles and Archbishop of Moravia, Enlightener of the Slavs, Commemorated on April 6; Equal of the Apostles and Teacher of the Slavs, Methodius, Commemorated on May 11; St Michael of Ulompo, Georgia, Commemorated on May 3 ; St Euthymius of Athos the translator, Commemorated on May 13; Hieromartyr Patrick the Bishop of Prusa with his companions, Commemorated on May 19; St (John) Tornike of Mt Athos, Commemorated on June 12; St Anna and Her Son of Constantinople, Commemorated on June 13; Venerable Peter of Constantinople, Commemorated on July 1;

Sakkoudion Monastery on Mt Olympos in Bithynia
Sakkoudion Monastery on Mt Olympos in Bithynia; Sakkoudion Monastery on Mt Olympos in Bithynia; St George Limniotes the Confessor of Mt. Olympus, Commemorated on August 24; Venerable Theodore the Confessor the Abbot of the Studion, Commemorated on November 11 ; 16Venerable Thomas of Bithynia, Commemorated December 10 ; Venerable Luke the New Stylite of Chalcedon, Commemorated on December 11; St Plato the Confessor of Studion, Commemorated on April 5; Hieromartyr Timothy the Bishop of Prusa, Commemorated on June 10;

Olympos Monastery, Bithynia
Sakkoudion Monastery on Mt Olympos in Bithynia; Sakkoudion Monastery on Mt Olympos in Bithynia; St George Limniotes the Confessor of Mt. Olympus, Commemorated on August 24; Venerable Theodore the Confessor the Abbot of the Studion, Commemorated on November 11 ; 16Venerable Thomas of Bithynia, Commemorated December 10 ; Venerable Luke the New Stylite of Chalcedon, Commemorated on December 11; St Plato the Confessor of Studion, Commemorated on April 5; Hieromartyr Timothy the Bishop of Prusa, Commemorated on June 10;

Abgar monastery, Bithynia (on Olympos, Asia Minor)
Abgar monastery (on Olympos in Asia Minor); Abgar monastery (on Olympos in Asia Minor); Venerable Michael of Maleinus, Commemorated on July 12 ; Venerable Theodore the Confessor the Abbot of the Studion, Commemorated on November 11 ; Venerable Hilarion the Monk and Wonderworker of Thessalonica, Georgian, Commemorated on November 19 ; Venerable Luke the New Stylite of Chalcedon, Commemorated on December 11; St Eustratius the Wonderworker, Commemorated on January 9 ; St Methodius, Equal of the Apostles and Archbishop of Moravia, Enlightener of the Slavs, Commemorated on April 6; Equal of the Apostles and Teacher of the Slavs, Methodius, Commemorated on May 11; Hieromartyr Timothy the Bishop of Prusa, Commemorated on June 10;

Sakkodian River 1 (Prusa and Caesarea)

Prusa, Bithynia (Proussa, Sakkoudion River 1)
Prusa or Plusias, or Cius in Bithynia; Prousiotissa Icon of the Mother of God, Commemorated on August 23; Venerable Luke the Abbot, Near Constantinople; Venerable Luke the Abbot, Near Constantinople, Commemorated on September 7; St Paul the Confessor the Bishop of Plusias in Bithynia, Commemorated on March 7; New Martyr Argyra, Commemorated on April 30; St Michael of Ulompo, Georgia, Commemorated on May 3 ; Hieromartyr Patrick the Bishop of Prusa with his companions, Commemorated on May 19; Hieromartyr Timothy the Bishop of Prusa, Commemorated on June 10;

Prusa Hot Springs or Bursa Hot Springs
Prusa Hot Springs or Bursa Hot Springs; also has thermal baths, old Ottoman mansions, palaces, and several museums. was the first major and second overall capital of the Ottoman State between 1335 and 1363. The city was referred to as Hüdavendigar (meaning God's gift, in Ottoman Turkish, a name of Persian origin) during the Ottoman period, while a more recent nickname is Yesil Bursa (Green Bursa) in reference to the parks and gardens located across its urban fabric, as well as to the vast and richly varied forests of the surrounding region. Mount Uludag, the ancient Mysian Olympus, towers over it, and has a well-known ski resort. Bursa has rather orderly urban growth and borders a fertile plain. The mausoleums of the early Ottoman sultans are located in Bursa, and the city's main landmarks include numerous edifices built throughout the Ottoman period. Bursa also has thermal baths, old Ottoman mansions, palaces, and several museums. Hieromartyr Patrick, Bishop of Prusa, and his companions, Commemorated on May 19; Prousiotissa Icon of the Mother of God, Commemorated on August 23;

Bursa Hot Springs at Prusa, Bithynia
Prusa Hot Springs or Bursa Hot Springs; also has thermal baths, old Ottoman mansions, palaces, and several museums. was the first major and second overall capital of the Ottoman State between 1335 and 1363. The city was referred to as Hüdavendigar (meaning God's gift, in Ottoman Turkish, a name of Persian origin) during the Ottoman period, while a more recent nickname is Yesil Bursa (Green Bursa) in reference to the parks and gardens located across its urban fabric, as well as to the vast and richly varied forests of the surrounding region. Mount Uludag, the ancient Mysian Olympus, towers over it, and has a well-known ski resort. Bursa has rather orderly urban growth and borders a fertile plain. The mausoleums of the early Ottoman sultans are located in Bursa, and the city's main landmarks include numerous edifices built throughout the Ottoman period. Bursa also has thermal baths, old Ottoman mansions, palaces, and several museums. Prousiotissa Icon of the Mother of God, Commemorated on August 23; Hieromartyr Patrick, Bishop of Prusa, and his companions, Commemorated on May 19;

Plusias, Bithynia
Prusa or Plusias, or Cius in Bithynia; Venerable Luke the Abbot, Near Constantinople; St Paul the Confessor the Bishop of Plusias in Bithynia, Commemorated on March 7; Hieromartyr Timothy the Bishop of Prusa, Commemorated on June 10;

Atroa, Bithynia (Plain of Prusa)
Atroa, Bithynia; Saints Michael and and Arsenius of Ulompo, Georgia, Commemorated on May 3;

Pelecete Monastery near Prusa, Bithynia, 709
Pelecete Monastery near Prusa and Bursa; Venerable Macarius the Abbot of Pelecete, Commemorated on April 1; Saints Michael and and Arsenius of Ulompo, Georgia, Commemorated on May 3; Hieromartyr Timothy the Bishop of Prusa, Commemorated on June 10; Pelekete monestary is a former name of the Church Hagios Sergios. Venerable Macarius the Monk of Pelekete; Martyr Theokteristus, Commemorated on February 28; Venerable Hilarion the New the Abbot of Pelecete, Commemorated on March 28; Venerable Nicetas the Confessor the Abbot of Medikion, Commemorated on April 3; St Michael of Ulompo, Georgia, Commemorated on May 3 ; Hieromartyr Timothy the Bishop of Prusa, Commemorated on June 10;

Apamea, Bithynia (Medikion Monastery, Triglia)
Apamea in Bithynia ; Venerable Macarius the Monk of Pelekete, Commemorated on August 18 ; Venerable Theodore Graptus, "the branded," Confessor, Commemorated December 27 ;

Apamea, Bithynia (only Costal city beginning with an A)
Apamea in Bithynia ; Venerable Macarius the Monk of Pelekete, Commemorated on August 18 ; Venerable Theodore Graptus, "the branded," Confessor, Commemorated December 27 ;

Caesarea, Bithynia (upper Sakkoudion River Mouth, neak Lake Uluabat)
Caesarea, in Bithynia; Martyr Thyrsus at Caesarea, in Bithynia, Commemorated August 17 ; Martyr Thyrsus of Apollonia, Commemorated December 14 ; Apostle Apollos of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Venerable Nicetas the Confessor the Abbot of Medikion, Commemorated on April 3;

Sakkodian River 2 (Ulabat Lake, Apollonia)

Upper Sakkoudion River Mouth (Uluabat Lake)

Apollonia, in Bithynia (Uluabat Lake, Upper Sakkoudion River Mouth)
Apollonia, in Bithynia , a promentory on the northeast shore near Golyazi ; Martyr Thyrsus at Caesarea, in Bithynia, Commemorated August 17 ; Martyr Thyrsus of Apollonia, Commemorated December 14 ; St Nicetas the Confessor the Archbishop of Apollonias in Bithynia, Commemorated on March 20;

Uluabat Lake

Lower Sakkodian River Source (Uluabat Lake)

Sakkodian River Mouth (Marmara Sea)

Pelekete Monastery, Bithynia, 709
Pelekete Monastery; Venerable Macarius the Monk of Pelekete, Commemorated on August 18; Heiromartyr Theokteristus, Commemorated on February 28; Venerable Hilarion the New the Abbot of Pelekete, Commemorated on March 28;

Tryglia monestary, Bithynia, near Constantinople, 780
Tryglia in Turkey, or Tryglia monestary near Constantinople; Venerable Macarius the Monk of Pelekete, Commemorated on August 18 ; Venerable Luke the Abbot, Near Constantinople, Commemorated on September 7; Venerable Stephen the Wonderworker the Abbot of Tryglia, Commemorated on March 28;

Medikion Monastery, Ampamea, Bithynia, 780
Medikion Monastery; Venerable Macarius the Monk of Pelekete, Commemorated on August 18 ; Venerable Athanasius of Medikion Monastery, Commemorated on October 26 ; Venerable Nicetas the Confessor the Abbot of Medikion, Commemorated on April 3;

Moudania, Bithynia (Chenolakkos [by the goose-pond])
Moudania, Bithynia, Asia Minor; Venerable Macarius the Monk of Pelekete, Commemorated on August 18 ; Venerable Stephen the Abbot of Chenolaklos Monastery, Near Chalcedon, Commemorated January 14 ;

Chenolakkos Monastery Bithynia (Chenolakkos [by the goose-pond])
Moudania, Bithynia, Asia Minor; Venerable Macarius the Monk of Pelekete, Commemorated on August 18 ; Venerable Stephen the Abbot of Chenolaklos Monastery, Near Chalcedon, Commemorated January 14 ;

Triglia, Bithynia (east of Sakkoudion River Mouth)
Triglia, Bithynia; Venerable Luke the Abbot, Near Constantinople, Commemorated on September 7;

Batheos (Vatheos) Ryakos (near Triglia, Bithynia)
Batheos (Vatheos) Ryakos (near Triglia, Bithynia); Triglia, Bithynia; Venerable Luke the Abbot, Near Constantinople, Commemorated on September 7;

Triglia Monastery (now Fatih Mosque, Tirilye) 720
Triglia Monastery (now Fatih Mosque, Tirilye) 720; Venerable Stephen the Wonderworker the Abbot of Triglia, Commemorated on March 28;

Khenolakkos Monastery, Triglia, Bithynia (now Fatih Mosque, Tirilye) 720
Triglia Monastery (now Fatih Mosque, Tirilye) 720; Venerable Stephen the Wonderworker the Abbot of Triglia, Commemorated on March 28;

Bithynia, Bosphoras Strait Folder (Chalcedon), Western BIT

Bosphorus Strait, Bithynia and Constantinople
Bosphorus;

Chalcedon, Bithynia (Bosphorus Strait)
Chalcedon; Greatmartyr Euphemia the All-praised, Commemorated on July 11 ; Translation of the relics of St Maximus the Confessor, Commemorated on August 13; Martyr Bassa of Edessa, and her sons, Commemorated on August 21; Martyr Agathonicus of Nicomedia, and others who suffered under Maximian, Commemorated on August 22; Hieromartyr Cyprian the Bishop of Carthage, Commemorated on August 31; Greatmartyr Euphemia the All-praised, Commemorated on September 16 ; Martyrs Victor and Sosthenes at Chalcedon, Commemorated on September 16; St Justinian the Emperor, Commemorated on November 14 ; LEO THE GREAT, BISHOP OF ROME, DOCTOR (10 NOV 461) ; Hieromartyr Peter the Archbishop of Alexandria, Commemorated November 25 ; Martyr Anna, Commemorated on November 28 ; Council of Chalcedon, Commemorated July 17 ; Greatmartyr Euphemia the All-praised; Venerable Luke the New Stylite of Chalcedon, Commemorated on December 11 ; Venerable Theodore Graptus, "the branded," Confessor, Commemorated December 27 ; Synaxis of the Holy Glorious Prophet, Forerunner and Baptist John, Commemorated January 7 ; Venerable Stephen the Abbot of Chenolaklos Monastery, Near Chalcedon, Commemorated January 14 ; Monkmartyr Anastasius the Persian, Commemorated January 22 ; St Leo the Great the Pope of Rome, Commemorated on February 18; Venerable Aninas of the Euphrates, Commemorated on March 18; Venerable Hypatius the Abbot of Rufinus in Chalcedon, Commemorated on March 31; St Cosmas the Bishop of Chalcedon, Commemorated on April 18; Venerable Nicephorus the Abbot of Catabad, Commemorated on April 19; Martyr Solochon at Chalcedon, Commemorated on May 17; St Nicetas the Bishop of Chalcedon, Commemorated on May 28; Apostle Barnabas of the Seventy, Commemorated on June 11 ; Jacob Riis of WALTER RAUSCHENBUSCH, WASHINGTON GLADDEN, and JACOB RIIS, PROPHETIC WITNESSES, 1918, 1918, 1914, Commemorated July 2 ; St Anatolius the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on July 3; Uncovering of the relics of the Venerable Sergius of Radonezh, Commemorated on July 5; Martyr Kyriake of Nicomedia, Commemorated on July 7;

Ausentius, Mt St Auxentius of Bithynia
Mt St Auxentius of Bithynia; Martyr Anna, Commemorated on November 28 ; Monkmartyr and Confessor Stephen the New of Mt St Auxentius, Commemorated on November 28; Venerable Auxentius of Bithynia, Commemorated February 14;

Trichinarion Monastery, at the foot of Ausentius, Mt St Auxentius of Bithynia
Mt St Auxentius of Bithynia; Martyr Anna, Commemorated on November 28 ; Monkmartyr and Confessor Stephen the New of Mt St Auxentius, Commemorated on November 28; Venerable Auxentius of Bithynia, Commemorated February 14;

Mt Oxia near Chalcedon (Mt Kayisdag)
Mt Oxia near Chalcedon (Mt Kayisdag), named after Auxentius of Bithynia; Martyr Anna, Commemorated on November 28 ; Monkmartyr and Confessor Stephen the New of Mt St Auxentius, Commemorated on November 28; Venerable Auxentius of Bithynia, Commemorated February 14;

Chrysopolis, Bithynia
Chrysopolis; Chrysopolis Monastery Chrysopolis in Macedonia? Translation of the relics of St Maximus the Confessor, Commemorated on August 13; Venerable Philotheus of Dionysiou of Mt Athos, Commemorated on October 21; St Maximus the Confessor, Commemorated January 21 ;

Symbola, Bosporus, Bythnia (across bridge from Symbola Bosphorus Hotel)
Symbola, Bosporus, Bythnia (Symbola Bosphorus Hotel); Venerable Timothy of Symbola in Bithynia, Commemorated on February 21;

Chrysopolis monastery (at Skutari or Uskudar)
Chrysopolis monastery (at Skutari or Uskudar); Translation of the relics of St Maximus the Confessor, Commemorated August 13 ;

Helenopolis, Bithynia (Gulf of Ismid near Nicomedia)
Helenopolis, Bithynia; Venerable Dorotheus the Hermit of Egypt, Commemorated on September 16 ;

Prote Island, Bithynia
Prote Island; New Martyr Ignatius the Monk of Bulgaria, Commemorated October 8 ; New Martyr Ignatius the Martyr of Mt Athos, Commemorated on May 1 ;

Halki seminary, Bithynia, 1844
Halki seminary; Repose of St Raphael the Bishop of Brooklyn, Commemorated on February 27;

Bithynia, Roman Roads Folder

Connecting Rivers Route (Akarcay and Sakarya Rivers)

Great Road from Ephesus thru Colossae to the Euphrates at Melitine

Bithynia, Lycus River Folder, Eastern BIT

Lycus River of Bithynia

Bithyninum, Bithynia (near Lycus River)
Bithyninum, Bithynia ; Hieromartyr Autonomus the Bishop in Italy, Commemorated on September 12; Venerable John Calabytes ÃƒÂ¢Ã‚Â€Ã‚Âœthe Hut-DwellerÃƒÂ¢Ã‚Â€Ã‚ÂÂÂÂ, Commemorated on January 15;

Monastery of the Unsleeping Ones, Gommon, Northeastern Bithynia (near Lycus River)
Bithyninum, Bithynia ; Hieromartyr Autonomus the Bishop in Italy, Commemorated on September 12; Venerable John Calabytes “the Hut-Dwellerâ€, Commemorated on January 15;

Claudiopolis, Bithynia (near Lycus River)
Claudiopolis (Bithynia); Martyr Tation (Tatio) of Claudiopolis, Commemorated on August 24; Hieromartyr Autonomus the Bishop in Italy, Commemorated September 12 ;

Soreus, Bithynia (Bolu (Bithynium) near Lycus River of Bithynia)
Soreus, Bithynia (Bolu (Bithynium)); Hieromartyr Autonomus the Bishop in Italy, Commemorated on September 12;

Limna, Bithynia near Soreus near Claudiopolis near Bolu
Limna, Bithynia near Soreus near Claudiopolis near Bolu; Hieromartyr Autonomus the Bishop in Italy, Commemorated on September 12;

Lycus (river of Bithynia) Mouth (Black Sea)

Neapolis, Bithynia, Metroon, in Asia Minor (Lycus River Mouth)
Neapolis, Bithynia, Metroon, in Asia Minor; Venerable Philotheus of Dionysiou of Mt Athos, Commemorated October 21 ;