Armenia Folder, its rivers and mountains, Greater A includes Pontine, Cappadocia, Edessa, Azerbaizhan.kmz

Armenia Folder, its rivers and mountains, Greater A includes Pontine, Cappadocia, Edessa, Azerbaizhan

Armenia, 331 BC-428 AD, Great Armenia, including Christian Armenia from 1st Century
Great Armenia, Kingdom of Armenia was bordered by Caucasian Albania in the east, by Caucasian Iberia in the north, by the Roman Empire in the west and by Parthia, later succeeded by Sassanid Empire. The border between Caucasian Iberia and Kingdom of Armenia was Kur river, which was also the border between Caucasian Albania and Kingdom of Armenia ; Righteous Eudocimus of Cappadocia, Commemorated on July 31; Martyr Eudoxius, Commemorated September 6 ; New Martyr Isaac of Georgia, Commemorated on September 16 ; Hieromartyr Gregory the Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia, Commemorated September 30 ; Venerable George the Scribe, of Khakhuli, Commemorated on December 19 ; Hieromartyr Gregory the Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia, Commemorated September 30 ; St Emilia, the Mother of St Basil the Great, Commemorated on January 1 ; St Peter the Bishop of Sebaste, in Armenia, Commemorated January 9 ; St Dometian the Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated January 10 ; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated on January 28 ; 40 Holy Martyrs of Sebaste, Commemorated on March 9; St Acacius the Confessor, Commemorated on March 31; GENOCIDE REMEMBRANCE 1915-1923, Commemorated April 24; MARTYRS OF ARMENIA, 24 April 1915 ; Righteous Virginmartyr Glaphyra, Commemorated on April 26; Apostle Bartholomew of the Twelve, Commemorated on June 11 ;

Armenia, Country between Kura and Tigrus Rivers
Great Armenia, Kingdom of Armenia was bordered by Caucasian Albania in the east, by Caucasian Iberia in the north, by the Roman Empire in the west and by Parthia, later succeeded by Sassanid Empire. The border between Caucasian Iberia and Kingdom of Armenia was Kur river, which was also the border between Caucasian Albania and Kingdom of Armenia ; Righteous Eudocimus of Cappadocia, Commemorated on July 31; Martyr Eudoxius, Commemorated September 6 ; New Martyr Isaac of Georgia, Commemorated on September 16 ; Hieromartyr Gregory the Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia, Commemorated September 30 ; Venerable George the Scribe, of Khakhuli, Commemorated on December 19 ; Hieromartyr Gregory the Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia, Commemorated September 30 ; St Emilia, the Mother of St Basil the Great, Commemorated on January 1 ; St Peter the Bishop of Sebaste, in Armenia, Commemorated January 9 ; St Dometian the Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated January 10 ; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated on January 28 ; 40 Holy Martyrs of Sebaste, Commemorated on March 9; St Acacius the Confessor, Commemorated on March 31; GENOCIDE REMEMBRANCE 1915-1923, Commemorated April 24; MARTYRS OF ARMENIA, 24 April 1915 ; Righteous Virginmartyr Glaphyra, Commemorated on April 26; Apostle Bartholomew of the Twelve, Commemorated on June 11 ;

Armenia, Greater Armenia Area till 461, buffer state for Western Roman Empire
Greater Armenia till 461, buffer state for Western Roman Empire, also includes Pontine and Cappadocia as revealed in many Saints' stories

Armenia, Eastern part of the Roman Empire
Eastern part of the Roman Empire ; Hieromartyr Helladius the Bishop in the East, Commemorated on May 28;

Zargos Mountains - Around the Fertile Crescent
Zargos Mountains, around the Fertile Crescent;

Armenia, a highland plateau, Aras River Valley, behind Mount Ararat
Armenia; Mount Ararat; Armenian Plateau; Aras River; 45 Holy Martyrs at Nicopolis in Armenia, Commemorated on July 10; St Tsotne Dadiani the Confessor, Commemorated on July 30 ; Righteous Eudocimus of Cappadocia, Commemorated on July 31; Martyr Dometius of Persia, Commemorated on August 7; Translation of the relics of St Maximus the Confessor, Commemorated on August 13; Hieromartyr Emilian, Commemorated on August 18 ; Hieromartyr Emilian, Commemorated on August 18 ; Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy, Commemorated on August 21 ; Appearance of the Mother of God to St Sergius of Radonezh, Commemorated on August 24; BARTHOLOMEW THE APOSTLE, (24 AUGUST NT) ; Finding of the Icon of the Mother of God at the Miasena Monastery, Commemorated September 1 ; Martyr Romulus and with him many others, Commemorated September 6 ; Martyr Eudoxius, Commemorated September 6 ; Martyr Severian of Sebaste, Commemorated on September 9 ; Uncovering of the relics St Acacius the Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated on September 15; New Martyr Isaac of Georgia, Commemorated on September 16 ; Hieromartyr Gregory the Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia, Commemorated September 30 ; Martyr Rhipsime of Armenia, Commemorated September 30 ; In 1227 Sultan Jalal al-Din of Khwarazm and his army of Turkmen attacked Georgia ; 100,000 Martyrs of Tbilisi by the Mongols, Commemorated on October 31 ; Venerable Theodore the Confessor the Abbot of the Studion, Commemorated on November 11 ; St John Chrysostom the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated on November 13 ; Holy, All-Praised Apostle Philip, Commemorated on November 14 ; Hieromartyr Gregory (Peradze) of Georgia, Commemorated on November 23 ; Venerable Nikon œMetanoeite, the Preacher of Repentance, Commemorated on November 26 ; St Jesse, Bishop of Tsilkan in Georgia, Commemorated on December 2 ; St John the Silent of St Sabbas Monastery, Commemorated on December 3 ; Venerable George the Scribe, of Khakhuli, Commemorated on December 19 ; St Emilia, the Mother of St Basil the Great, Commemorated on January 1 ; Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy, Commemorated January 4 ; St Peter the Bishop of Sebaste, in Armenia, Commemorated January 9 ; St Dometian the Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated January 10 ; St John Chrysostom the Archbishop of Constantinople; Holy, All-Praised Apostle Philip; Venerable Nikon "Metanoeite," the Preacher of Repentance; St James the Bishop of Nisibis, Commemorated January 13 ; St Nino (Nina), Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Georgia, Commemorated January 14 ; Venerable Euthymius the Great, Commemorated January 20 ; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated on January 28 ; Venerable Nicholas the Confessor the Abbot of Studion, Commemorated on February 4 ; St Meletius the Archbishop of Antioch, Commemorated on February 12 ; 40 Holy Martyrs of Sebaste, Commemorated on March 9; Hieromartyr Gabriel the Lesser, Commemorated on March 17 ; GREGORY THE ILLUMINATOR, APOSTLE TO ARMENIA (23 March 332); Venerable John the Anchorite of Egypt, Commemorated on March 29 ; St Acacius the Confessor, Commemorated on March 31; St Eulogius of Salosi, the Prophet and Fool-for-Christ, Commemorated on April 1; St John Shavteli of Salosi, Bishop of Gaenati, Georgia, Commemorated on April 1; Venerable Nicetas the Confessor the Abbot of Medikion, Commemorated on April 3; Martyr Suchias and his Soldiers in Georgia, Commemorated on April 15; St Acacius the Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated on April 17; Venerable John the Disciple of the Venerable Gregory of Decapolis, Commemorated on April 18 ; MARTYRS OF ARMENIA, 24 April 1915 ; GENOCIDE REMEMBRANCE 1915-1923, Commemorated April 24; Deportation of Armenian notables in 1915, April 24th ; Righteous Virginmartyr Glaphyra, Commemorated on April 26; Right-believing Tamara, Queen of Georgia, Commemorated on May 1; Venerable Dodo of the St David-Gareji Monastery, Georgia, Commemorated on May 17; The Entrance of St Nino (Nina) the Enlightener into Georgia, Commemorated on May 19; Venerable Michael of Parekhi, Commemorated on May 27; St Eutychius the Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated on May 28; Venerable Agapitus the Unmercenary Physician of the Kiev Near Caves, Commemorated on June 1; St John of Shavtel-Gaenati, Commemorated on June 9; Apostle Bartholomew of the Twelve, Commemorated on June 11 ; St (John) Tornike of Mt Athos, Commemorated on June 12; Apostle Jude the Brother of the Lord, Commemorated on June 19; Hieromartyr Eusebius the Bishop of Samosata, Commemorated on June 22; Hieromartyr Kirion II, Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia, Commemorated on June 27; Holy Queen Dinar, Commemorated on June 30 ;

Armenian History Folder

Armenia, 321 BC - 301, Folder, Great Armenia to Great Christian Armenia

Armenia, 321 BC - 428 AD, Great Armenia
Great Armenia, Kingdom of Armenia was bordered by Caucasian Albania in the east, by Caucasian Iberia in the north, by the Roman Empire in the west and by Parthia, later succeeded by Sassanid Empire. The border between Caucasian Iberia and Kingdom of Armenia was Kur river, which was also the border between Caucasian Albania and Kingdom of Armenia ; Righteous Eudocimus of Cappadocia, Commemorated on July 31; Martyr Eudoxius, Commemorated September 6 ; New Martyr Isaac of Georgia, Commemorated on September 16 ; Hieromartyr Gregory the Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia, Commemorated September 30 ; Venerable George the Scribe, of Khakhuli, Commemorated on December 19 ; Hieromartyr Gregory the Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia, Commemorated September 30 ; St Emilia, the Mother of St Basil the Great, Commemorated on January 1 ; St Peter the Bishop of Sebaste, in Armenia, Commemorated January 9 ; St Dometian the Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated January 10 ; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated on January 28 ; 40 Holy Martyrs of Sebaste, Commemorated on March 9; St Acacius the Confessor, Commemorated on March 31; GENOCIDE REMEMBRANCE 1915-1923, Commemorated April 24; MARTYRS OF ARMENIA, 24 April 1915 ; Righteous Virginmartyr Glaphyra, Commemorated on April 26; Apostle Bartholomew of the Twelve, Commemorated on June 11 ;

Armenia, 4 BC - 50 AD, Armenian and Syrian King, Abgar V, Christian
Syrian King, BC 4 - AD 50, Abgar V; Translation of the Image Not-Made-By-Hands of our Lord Jesus Christ from Edessa to Constantinople, the Third œFeast of the Savior in August, Commemorated on August 16; Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy, Commemorated on August 21; Apostle Aristarchus of the Seventy, Commemorated on September 27; Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4;

Armenia, 54-428, Arsacid dynasty of Armenia and Parthia, Christian
Armenia, Arsacid dynasty of Armenia, 54-428; Icon of the Mother of God œthe Healer, Commemorated on September 18; Hieromartyr Gregory the Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia, Commemorated on September 30;

Armenia, 54-91, Saint, Bartholomew
Armenian Saint, 54-91, Bartholomew; Armenian King, 54-91, Triadates I; BARTHOLOMEW THE APOSTLE, (24 AUGUST NT); Apostle Bartholomew of the Twelve, Commemorated on June 11 ;

Armenia, 54-91, King, Triadates I, Christian
Armenian King, 54-91, Triadates I; Apostle Bartholomew of the Twelve, Commemorated on June 11 ;

Armenia, 80, 1st Century, Mt Aarat, Apostle Jude
Persia, 70, 1st Century, Parthia, Apostle Jude; Apostle Jude the Brother of the Lord, Commemorated on June 19;

Armenia, 88-123, Emperor, Artaxar (Sanatruk) Christian
Armenia, 88-123, Emperor, Artaxar (Sanatruk); Armenian King, 54-91, Triadates I; Martyr Suchias and his Soldiers in Georgia, Commemorated on April 15; Apostle Bartholomew of the Twelve, Commemorated on June 11 ;

Armenia, 000, 1st Century Folder, King Abgar, Apostle Andrew, King Tiridates, Apostle Jude

Armenia, 4 BC - 50 AD, Armenian and Syrian King, Abgar V
Syrian King, BC 4 - AD 50, Abgar V; Translation of the Image "œNot-Made-By-Hands" of our Lord Jesus Christ from Edessa to Constantinople, the Third "œFeast of the Savior in August", Commemorated on August 16; Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy, Commemorated on August 21; Apostle Aristarchus of the Seventy, Commemorated on September 27; Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4;

Armenia, 30-70, Apostle Philologus of the Seventy
Philologus of Sinope; Armenia, 30-70, Apostle Philologus of the Seventy; Sinope, Turkey (Black Sea); Translation of the relics of the Hieromartyr Phocas the Bishop of Sinope, Commemorated on July 22 ; Apostle Matthias of the Seventy, Commemorated August 9 ; Cappadocian city of Tianum and Sinope; Hieromartyr Phocas the Bishop of Sinope, Commemorated on September 22 ; Martyr Phocas the Gardener of Sinope, Commemorated on September 22 ; Apostle Philologus of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 5 ; St Paul the Confessor the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated on November 6 ; Apostle Andrew, the Holy and All-Praised First-Called, Commemorated on November 30 ; Martyr Rufinus the Deacon at Sinope, Commemorated on April 7; Righteous Virginmartyr Glaphyra, Commemorated on April 26;

Armenia, 033-050, Loginius the Centurion at the Cross and then Cappadocia
Cappadocia, 033-050, Loginius the Centurion at the Cross and then Cappadocia ; Martyr Longinus the Centurion, who stood at the Cross of the Lord, Commemorated on October 16 ;

Armenia, 30-67, Apostle Herodion
Patara (Cappadocia); city lay on the major trade road from Trapezus on the Black Sea to Satala, and thence to Lake Van. Apostle Herodion of the Seventy, and those with Him, Commemorated on April 8; looking up Patara in Herodion's story, I discovered the Armenian trade route North to South from Silk Road at Trebizond to Great Road at Melitene, Samosata and Edessa and then East to West from Edessa to Yerevan along the Upper Euphrates. still do not know if this is the correct Patera for Herodion's story, but it was an important high point and fort along an important Trade Route

Armenia, 40-50, Pontine, First Century Saint Pancratius
Pontine, 40-50, First Century Saint Pancratius Hieromartyr Pancratius the Bishop of Taormina in Sicily Commemorated on July 9;

Armenia, 54-91, Eutychius the Bishop of Melitene, fell out of window
Armenia, 54-91, Eutychius the Bishop of Melitene; Malatya; St Eutychius the Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated on May 28;

Armenia, 54-428, Arsacid dynasty of Armenia and Parthia, Christian
Armenia, Arsacid dynasty of Armenia, 54-428; Icon of the Mother of God "œthe Healer", Commemorated on September 18; Hieromartyr Gregory the Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia, Commemorated on September 30;

Armenia, 54-91, Apostle Andrew, suffered, established churches and bishop
Armenia, 54-91, Apostle Andrew; On his journeys the First-Called Apostle endured many sufferings and torments from pagans: they cast him out of their cities and they beat him. In Sinope they pelted him with stones, but remaining unharmed, the persistent disciple of Christ continued to preach to people about the Savior. Through the prayers of the Apostle, the Lord worked miracles. By the labors of the holy Apostle Andrew, Christian Churches were established, for which he provided bishops and clergy. The final city to which the Apostle came was the city of Patra, where he was destined to suffer martyrdom. Apostle Andrew, the Holy and All-Praised First-Called, Commemorated on November 30; Martyrs of Lazeti, Commemorated on April 29;

Armenia, 54-91, King, Tiridates I, Christian
Armenian King, 54-91, Triadates I; Apostle Bartholomew of the Twelve, Commemorated on June 11 ;

Armenia, 100, 2nd Century Folder, Hermias of Comona

Armenia, 138-161, Martyr Hermias of Comana, Cappadocia, hot oven, poison, converted sorcerer, boiliing oil, gouged eyes, skinned, relics
Comana (Cappadocia); Martyr Hermias at Comana, Commemorated on May 31; Martyr Hermias suffered for Christ in the city of Comana during the persecution under the emperor Antoninus Pius (138-161). The governor Sebastian, who was in Cappadocia to arrest Christians, urged the saint to offer sacrifice to the pagan gods, promising him honors and mercy from the emperor. old soldier bravely confessed his faith in Christ. After long exhortation, the governor gave orders to torture the saint. They beat him on the face so that the skin peeled from his face, and they threw him into a red-hot oven. When the oven was opened after three days, the martyr Hermias emerged from it unharmed. governor Sebastian ordered the sorcerer Marus to poison Saint Hermias with a potion. The poisonous drink did the saint no harm. A second goblet with even stronger poison also failed to kill the saint. The sorcerer believed in Christ the Savior, and was immediately beheaded. Saint Marus was baptized in his own blood, and received a martyr’s crown. Hermias was subjected to even more terrible tortures. They raked his body with sharp instruments, threw him in boiling oil, and gouged out his eyes, but he gave thanks to the Lord Jesus Christ. Then they suspended the martyr head downward. For three days he hung in this position. sent by the governor to verify his death found him alive. Struck by the miracle, they were blinded with fright and began to call out to the saint to help them. The holy martyr ordered the blind to approach him, and healed them in the Name of Jesus Christ. anger the governor ordered the skin flayed from the saint’s body, but he remained alive. Then the crazed Sebastian beheaded him with his own sword. Christians secretly buried the body of the martyr Hermias, whose relics bestowed numerous healings.

Armenia, 200, 3rd - 7th Century, Folder, Christian Armenia

Armenia, 200-299. 3rd Century Folder, Enlightener Gregory, Salome, King Tiridates III, Nino, George

Armenia, 200-252, Armenian King, Khosrov II of Armenia
Armenian King, 3rd Century-252, Khosrov II of Armenia; Armenian Parthian Prince, 3rd Century-252, Anak the Parthian; Hieromartyr Gregory the Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia, Commemorated on September 30;

Armenia, 200-252, Armenian Parthian Prince, Anak the Parthian, Gregory the Illuminator's father
Armenian Parthian Prince, 3rd Century-252, Anak the Parthian; the Parthian,[1] also known as Anak Pahlavi[2] (flourished 3rd century, died 252[3]), was a Parthian noble who lived during the time of Arsacid Armenia.[4] 1 Biography 2 Family 3 References 4 Sources was an Armenian Parthian nobleman,[5] who was a prince[6] said to be related to the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia[7] or was from the House of Suren,[8][9] one of the seven branches of the ruling Arsacid dynasty[10] of Sakastan.[11] is known of the life of Anak. He married a Parthian noblewoman called Okohe, who bore him sons. Among their children was Gregory.[12] I and his son, Shapur I, incited Anak[13] to murder King Khosrov II of Armenia, promising to return his own domain as a reward.[14] Ardashir I was alarmed by the military victories that Khosrov II with his late father, Tiridates II of Armenia had won against him,[15] as he wanted to expand the Sassanid Empire and to annex Armenia. had won the trust of Khosrov II and had travelled to Vagharshapat.[16] When Anak arrived in Vagharshapat he pretended to take refuge in the Armenian dominions from the persecution of Ardashir I.[17] Anak was hospitably received in Vagharshapat by Khosrov II and then stabbed the king in the heart, also killing Khosrov's wife. Anak was furiously pursued by Armenian soldiers, until he drowned in the Aras River.[18] Armenian army and nobles were outraged by the death of the reigning King and in turn wreaked their vengeance on the family of Anak.[19][20] The only child to survive from Anak’s family was his infant son Gregory,[21] who was taken to Cappadocia by his former caretakers Sopia and Yevtagh, who had escaped the slaughter of Anak’s family. I took possession of Armenia for himself and it became a part of his empire.[22] Troops loyal to Khosrov II, had his son, Tiridates III, taken to Rome for protection[23] where Tiridates III was raised and his daughter Khosrovidkuht was taken to be raised in Caesarea Mazaca, Cappadocia.[24] The foster parents of Khosrovidukht were Awtay, a nobleman from the family of the Amatuni, and Awtay’s wife, a noblewoman whose name is unknown, who was from the family of the Slkunik.[25] Hieromartyr Gregory the Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia, Commemorated on September 30;

Armenia, 220-270, Saint, Gregory Thaumaturgus of Neocaesarea
Pontine Saint, 220-270, Gregory Thaumaturgus of Neocaesarea; Hieromartyr Alexander the Bishop of Comana, Commemorated on August 12; St. Gregory the Wonderworker of Neocaesarea, Commemorated on November 17;

Armenia, 223-270, Gregory Thaumaturgus, the Wonderworker of Cappadocia
Cappadocia, 223-270, Gregory Thaumaturgus, the Wonderworker ; St. Gregory the Wonderworker of Neocaesarea, Commemorated on November 17; St. Basil the Great, Archbishop of Casarea in Cappadocia, Commemorated on January 1;

Armenia, 224-290, Saint Irene or Penelope from Shiraz, Persia
Great Martyr Irene, Commemorated on May 5; was deposed by his son Sapor, who persecuted Christians with an even greater zeal than his father had done. Saint Irene went to her home town of Magedon in Persia to meet Sapor and his army, and ask him to end the persecution. When he refused, Saint Irene prayed and his entire army was blinded. She prayed again and they received their sight once more. In spite of this, Sapor refused to recognize the power of God. Because of his insolence, he was struck and killed by a bolt of lightning. this, Saint Irene walked into the city and performed many miracles. She returned to the tower built by her father, accompanied by the priest Timothy. Through her teaching, she converted five thousand people to Christ. Next, the saint went to the city of Callinicus, or Callinicum (possibly on the Euphrates River in Syria). The ruler of that place was King Numerian, the son of Sebastian. When she began to teach about Christ, she was arrested and tortured by the pagan authorities. They enclosed her inside three bronze oxen, one after another, which were heated until they were red-hot. When the Great Martyr was placed within the third ox, it began to walk about, and then it split asunder. Saint Irene emerged from it as if from the fires of hell. This resulted in thousands of souls converting to the faith of Christ. the approach of death, Numerian instructed his eparch Babdonus to continue torturing the saint in order to force her to sacrifice to idols. Once again, the tortures were ineffective, and many people turned to Christ. ’s holy martyr then traveled to the city of Constantina, forty miles northeast of Edessa. By 330, the Persian king Sapor II (309-379) had heard of Saint Irene’s great miracles. To prevent her from winning more people to Christ, she was arrested, beheaded, and then buried. However, God sent an angel to raise her up again, and she went into the city of Mesembria. After seeing her alive and hearing her preach, the local king was baptized with many of his subjects. Wishing to convert even more pagans to Christianity, Saint Irene went to Ephesus, where she taught the people and performed many miracles. The Lord revealed to her that the end of her life was approaching. Then Saint Irene left the city accompanied by six people, including her former teacher Apellian. On the outskirts of the town, she found a new tomb in which no one had ever been buried. After making the Sign of the Cross, she went inside, directing her companions to seal the entrance to the cave with a large stone, which they did. She also told them that that no one should move the stone until four days had passed. returned after only two days, and found that the stone had been rolled away and the tomb was empty. There are conflicting accounts about her holy relics being taken to Constantinople and other places, including Patras, Samos, and Patmos. According to the Western Martyrologies, Saint Irene was martyred in Thessaloniki after being thrown into the fire, while according to the Menologion of Emperor Basil II, Saint Irene completed her martyric contest by being beheaded. Irene led thousands of people to Christ through her preaching, and by her example. The Church continues to honor her memory and to seek her heavenly intercession. She is invoked by those wishing to effect a swift and happy marriage. In Greece, she is also the patron saint of policemen. Saint Irene is also one of the twelve Virgin Martyrs who appeared to Saint Seraphim of Sarov (January 2) and the Diveyevo nun Eupraxia on the Feast of the Annunciation in 1831. By her holy prayers, may the Lord have mercy upon us and save us. Amen.

Armenia, 244-250, Cappadocian Saint, Mercurius of Cappadocia
Cappadocia, 244-250, Cappadocian Saint, Mercurius; Great Martyr Mercurius of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on November 24; Martyr Eupsychius of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on April 9;

Armenia, 275, Child Martyr Saint Mammes of Caesarea, Cappadocia
Capadocia, 275, Child Martyr Saint Mammes of Caesarea; Venerable Simeon the New Theologian, Commemorated on March 12;

Armenia, 277-331, Gregory the Illuminator, Bishop of Greater Armenia
Armenia, 277-331, Gregory the Illuminator, Bishop of Greater Armenia; the Illuminator[1] (c. 257 – c. 331) is the patron saint and first official head of the Armenian Apostolic Church. was a religious leader who is credited with converting Armenia from paganism to Christianity in 301. thus became the first nation to submit to Christianity as its official religion. 1 Beginnings 2 Declaration of Christianity in Armenia 3 Retirement and death 4 Relics and Veneration 5 Gallery 6 See also 7 References 7.1 Notes 7.2 Citations 8 Sources 9 External links was the son[2] of the Armenian Parthian nobles[3] Anak the Parthian and Okohe. His father, Anak, was a Prince said to be related to the Arsacid Kings of Armenia[4] or was from the House of Suren, one of the seven branches of the ruling Arsacid dynasty[5][6][7] of Sakastan.[8] Anak was charged with assassinating Khosrov II, one of the kings of the Arsacid dynasty and was put to death. Gregory narrowly escaped execution with the help of Sopia and Yevtagh, his caretakers. He was taken to Caesarea in Cappadocia where Sopia and Yevtagh hoped to raise him. Gregory was given to the Christian Holy Father Phirmilianos (Euthalius) to be educated and was brought up as a devout Christian.[citation needed] coming of age, Gregory married a woman called Miriam, a devout Christian who was the daughter of a Christian Armenian prince in Cappadocia. From their union, Miriam bore Gregory two children, their sons Vrtanes and Aristaces. Through Vrtanes, Gregory and Miriam would have further descendants and when Gregory died, Aristaces succeeded him. At some point, Miriam and Gregory separated in order that Gregory might take up a monastic life. Gregory left Cappadocia and went to Armenia in the hope of atoning for his father's crime by evangelizing his homeland.[8] that time Tiridates III, son of the late King Khosrov II, reigned. Influenced partly by the fact that Gregory was the son of his father's enemy, he ordered Gregory imprisoned for twelve (some sources indicate fourteen) years in a pit on the Ararat Plain under the present day church of Khor Virap located near the historical city Artashat in Armenia. Gregory was eventually called forth from his pit in c. 297 to restore to sanity Tiridates III, who had lost all reason after he was betrayed by Roman emperor Diocletian. Diocletian invaded and vast amounts of territory from western provinces of Greater Armenia became protectorates of Rome.[citation needed] of Christianity in Armenia[edit] 301 Gregory baptized Tiridates III along with members of the royal court and upper class as Christians. Tiridates III issued a decree by which he granted Gregory full rights to begin carrying out the conversion of the entire nation to the Christian faith. The same year Armenia became the first country to adopt Christianity as its state religion.[9] The newly built cathedral, the Mother Church in Etchmiadzin became and remains the spiritual and cultural center of Armenian Christianity and center of the Armenian Apostolic Church. Most Armenians were baptized in the Aratsani (upper Euphrates) and Yeraskh (Arax) rivers. Two princes from Ujjain, India had founded a large kingdom in Armenia in 165 BC and they established 22 cities covering most of modern Armenia including two Hindu temples dedicated to Gisane and Demetr. According to the account of Zenob Glak,[10] one of the first disciples of Gregory the Illuminator, the temples were destroyed and the priests killed along with 1038 defenders of the raid that was ordered by Gregory.[citation needed] of the pre-Christian (traditional Indo-European) festivals and celebrations such as Tyarndarach (Trndez, associated with fire worship) and Vardavar or Vadarvar associated with water worship, that dated back thousands of years, were preserved and continued in the form of Christian celebrations and chants. In 302, Gregory received consecration as Patriarch of Armenia from Leontius of Caesarea,[11] his childhood friend.[citation needed] and death[edit] 318, Gregory appointed his second son Aristaces as the next Catholicos[11] in line of Armenia's Holy Apostolic Church to stabilize and continue strengthening Christianity not only in Armenia, but also in the Caucasus. Gregory also placed and instructed his grandson Gregory (one of the sons of Vrtanes) in charge of the holy missions to the peoples and tribes of all of the Caucasus and Caucasian Albania; the younger man was martyred by a fanatical mob while preaching in Albania.[citation needed] his later years, Gregory withdrew to a small sanctuary near Mount Sebuh (Mt. Sepuh) in the Daranali province (Manyats Ayr, Upper Armenia) with a small convent of monks, where he remained until his death.[citation needed] and Veneration[edit] his death his corpse was removed to the village of Thodanum (T'ordan, modern Doğanköy, near Erzincan). His relics were scattered near and far in the reign of the Eastern Roman Emperor Zeno. In the 8th century, the iconoclast decrees in Greece caused a number of religious orders to flee the Byzantine Empire and seek refuge elsewhere. San Gregorio Armeno in Naples was built in that century over the remains of a Roman temple dedicated to Ceres, by a group of nuns escaping from the Byzantine Empire with the relics of Gregory,[11] including his skull, a femur bone, his staff, the leather straps used in his torture and the manacles that held the saint.[12] The femur and manacles were returned by Pope John Paul II to Catholicos Karekin II and are now enshrined at Saint Gregory the Illuminator Cathedral in Yerevan.[13] The Gregoriou Monastery on Mount Athos also claims to have the skull.[14] The Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin and the Holy See of Cilicia in Antelias, Lebanon each claim to have the right arm of the saint, in an arm-shaped reliquary, which is used for the blessing the Holy Myron every seven years.[citation needed] 20 February, 1743, Nardò, Italy was hit by a devastating earthquake that destroyed almost the entire city. The only structure to survive in tact after the quake was the city’s statue of St. Gregory the Illuminator. According to the city’s registers, only 350 out of the city’s 10,000 inhabitants died in the earthquake, leading the inhabitants to believe that St. Gregory saved the city. Every year, they mark the anniversary of the earthquake by holding three days of celebrations in his honor. Relics of the saint are kept at Nardò Cathedral.[citation needed] number of prayers, and about thirty of the canonical hymns of the Armenian Church, are ascribed to Gregory the Illuminator. Homilies of his appeared for the first time in a work called Haschacnapadum at Constantinople in 1737; a century afterwards a Greek translation was published at Venice by the Mekhiterists; and they have since been edited in German by J M Schmid (Ratisbon, 1872). The original authorities for Gregory's life are Agathangelos, whose History of Tiridates was published by the Mekhitarists in 1835; Moses of Chorene, Historiae Armenicae; and Symeon the Metaphrast.[citation needed] Life of Gregory by the Vartabed Matthew was published in the Armenian language at Venice in 1749 and was translated into English by Father Malan (1868).[citation needed] the calendar of the Armenian Church, the discovery of the relics of St. Gregory is an important feast and is commemorated on the Saturday before the Fourth Sunday after Pentecost.[15] Gregory is commemorated on September 30 by the Orthodox Church, which styles him "Holy Hieromartyr Gregory, Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia." He is listed on September 30 in the Roman Martyrology of the Ordinary Form of the Catholic Church; his feast day is listed as October 1 in the Extraordinary Form. He is honored with a feast day on the liturgical calendar of the Episcopal Church (USA) on March 23.[citation needed] Hieromartyr Gregory the Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia, Commemorated on September 30;

Armenia, 280-290, Rhipsime or Hripsime
Armenia, 280-290, Rhipsime orHripsime; Martyr Rhipsime of Armenia, Commemorated on September 30; St Nino (Nina), Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Georgia, Commemorated on January 14;

Armenia, 280-337. Saint James of Nisibis, Jacob, Gregory's Kin, Armenia (Tigris River 3)
Armenia, 280-337. Saint James of Nisibis, Armenia (Tigris River 3) Nisibis (Mesopotamia); St James the Bishop of Nisibis, Commemorated January 13 ; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated January 28 ;

Armenia, 286-330, King Tiridates III of Armenia, The Great
Armenian King, 286-330, Tiridates III of Armenia, The Great; Icon of the Mother of God œthe Healer, Commemorated on September 18; Hieromartyr Gregory the Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia, Commemorated on September 30; Martyr Rhipsime of Armenia, Commemorated on September 30 ; St Nino (Nina), Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Georgia, Commemorated on January 14 ; Venerable Salome of Ujarma, Commemorated on January 15; GREGORY THE ILLUMINATOR, APOSTLE TO ARMENIA (23 March 332);

Armenia, 290-340, Macrina the Elder (Iris River in Pontus near Kelkit River and Neocaeserea)
Byzantium, 290-340, Macrina the Elder (somewhere on Iris River) ; Byzantium, 350-379, Macrina the Younger (somewhere on Iris River); MACRINA THE YOUNGER, MONASTIC AND TEACHER (19 JUL 379) ;

Armenia, 292-303, Great Martyr George of Cappadocia, Armenia, Nino's Kin
Cappadocia, 290-303, Great Martyr George of Cappadocia; Greatmartyr, Victory-bearer and Wonderworker George, Commemorated on April 23;

Armenia, 292-340, Armenian Saint, Nino, George's Kin, to Georgia for the Robe
Armenian Saint, 296-340, Nino; St Nino (Nina), Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Georgia, Commemorated on January 14;

Armenia, 297-361, Georgian Saint, Salome of Armenia
Armenia, Georgian Saint, 297-361, Salome of Armenia ; Commemoration of the apparition of the Pillar with the Robe of the Lord under it at Mtskheta in Georgia, Commemorated on October 1; St Sidonia of Georgia, Commemorated on October 1; Founding of the Church of St George, Commemorated on November 10; Martyrdom of the Great-martyr George of Georgia, Commemorated on November 10; St Nino (Nina), Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Georgia, Commemorated on January 14 ; Venerable Salome of Ujarma, Commemorated on January 15; The Entrance of St Nino (Nina) the Enlightener into Georgia, Commemorated on May 19; Glorification of the Venerable Zebulon, the father of St Nino Enlightener of Georgia, Commemorated on May 20 ;

Armenia, 300-399, 4th Century Folder, St Theodore Stratelates of Pontus, St Peter of Sebaste

Armenia, 301-319, Pontine Saint, Theodore Stratelates, from Heraculea
Pontus, 300-319, Pontine Saint, Theodore Stratelates; Greatmartyr Theodore Stratelates œthe General, Commemorated on February 8; Greatmartyr Theodore the Tyro (œthe Recruit), Commemorated on February 17; Translation of the relics of the Greatmartyr Theodore Stratelates, Commemorated on June 8;

Armenia, 305-306, Pontine Saint, Theodore the Recruit, Kolyva, from Alasium or Amasea
Armenia, 305-306, Pontine Saint, Theodore the Recruit, Kolava, from Alasium or Amasea; Pontus, 300-319, Pontine Saint, Theodore Stratelates; Greatmartyr Theodore Stratelates œthe General, Commemorated on February 8; Greatmartyr Theodore the Tyro (œthe Recruit), Commemorated on February 17; Translation of the relics of the Greatmartyr Theodore Stratelates, Commemorated on June 8;

Armenia, 308-324, Basil of Amasea
Armenia, 308-324, Basil of Amasea; Hieromartyr Basil, Bishop of Amasea, Commemorated on April 26; Righteous Virgin Martyr Glaphyra, Commemorated on April 26; Uncovering of the relics of Saint Basil, Bishop of Amasea, Commemorated on April 30

Armenia, 308-324, Saint Glaphyra
Armenia, 308-324, Basil of Amasea; Hieromartyr Basil, Bishop of Amasea, Commemorated on April 26; Righteous Virgin Martyr Glaphyra, Commemorated on April 26;

Armenia, 325-375, Emmelia of Caesarea, mother of 5 Saints
Armenia, 325-375, Emmelia of Caesarea, mother of 5 Saints; Saint Emilia, Mother of Saint Basil the Great, Commemorated on January 1;

Armenia, 326-373. Saint Ephrem of Nisibis, Armenia (Tigris River 3)
Armenia, 326-373. Saint Ephrem of Nisibis, Armenia (Tigris River 3) Armenia, 280-337. Saint James of Nisibis, Armenia (Tigris River 3) Nisibis (Mesopotamia); St James the Bishop of Nisibis, Commemorated January 13 ; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated January 28 ;

Armenia, 330?-394, Egyptian Saint, John the Anchorite, John the Hermit
Egypt, 330?-394, Egyptian Saint, John the Anchorite, John the Hermit; Venerable John the Anchorite of Egypt, Commemorated on March 29;

Armenia, 331-383, Cappadocian Goth Arian Saint, Ulfilas
Cappadocia, 331-383, Cappadocian Goth Arian Saint, Ulfilas; REMIGIUS OF RHEIMS, BISHOP, APOSTLE OF THE FRANKS (1 OCTOBER 530);

Armenia, 335-385, Theosebia the Deaconess, one of the 5
Byzantium, 335-385, Theosebia the Deaconess; Armenia, 325-375, Emmelia of Caesarea, mother of 5 Saints; Saint Emilia, Mother of Saint Basil the Great, Commemorated on January 1;

Armenia, 340-379, Syrian Saint, Eusebius of Samosata, Orthodox
Syrian Saint, 340-379, Eusebius of Samosata ; Hieromartyr Eusebius the Bishop of Samosata, Commemorated on June 22;

Armenia, 349-390, Saint, Gregory of Nazianzus, Cappadocia, Gregory the Theologian
Byzantine Saint, 349-390, Gregory of Nazianzus; Martyr Patermuthius of Egypt, Commemorated on July 9 ; Venerable Patermuthius the Ascetic of Egypt, Commemorated on July 9; Martyr Emilian of Silistria in Bulgaria, Commemorated on July 18; MACRINA THE YOUNGER, MONASTIC AND TEACHER (19 JUL 379) ; Venerable Macrina the Sister of St Basil the Great, Commemorated on July 19 ; Martyr John the Soldier at Constantinople, Commemorated on July 30; Martyr Eusignius of Antioch, Commemorated on August 5; Venerable Horus of the Thebaid, Egypt, Commemorated on August 7; Martyr Juventinus the Soldier at Antioch, Commemorated on September 5 ; JOHN CHRYSOSTOM, BISHOP OF ANTIOCH AND OF CONSTANTINOPLE, PREACHER, THEOLOGIAN, LITURGIST (13 Sept. 407) ; JEROME, SCHOLAR, TRANSLATOR, AND THEOLOGIAN (30 SEP 420); St Ambrose the Bishop of Milan, Commemorated on December 7; Martyr Gemellus of Paphlagonia, Commemorated on December 10; St Niphon the Bishop of Cyprus, Commemorated on December 23; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated on January 28; Venerable Publius of Egypt, Commemorated on April 5; Martyr Dometius of Persia, Commemorated on August 7; MOSES THE BLACK, DESERT FATHER & MARTYR, 28 August 405; Venerable Moses the Black of Scete, Commemorated on August 28; Martyr Porphyrius the Actor, Commemorated on September 15 ; Martyr Juventinus at Antioch, Commemorated on October 9 ; St Publia the Confessor and Deaconess of Antioch, Commemorated on October 9; St Martin the Merciful the Bishop of Tours, Commemorated on October 12 ; Greatmartyr Artemius at Antioch, Commemorated on October 20; Venerable Hilarion the Great, Commemorated on October 21; Hieromartyr Cyriacus the Patriarch of Jerusalem, Commemorated on October 28 ; St Marcian of Cyrrhus, Commemorated on November 2; Martyr Melasippus with his wife and son at Ancyra, Commemorated on November 7; Synaxis of the Archangel Michael and the Other Bodiless Powers, Commemorated on November 8; St Martin the Merciful the Bishop of Tours, Commemorated on November 11; MARTIN OF TOURS, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (11 NOV 397); Martyr Elpidius who suffered under Julian the Apostate, Commemorated on November 15; Martyr Theodore of Antioch, Commemorated on November 23; St Peter of Galatia, Commemorated on November 25; Martyr Timothy at Tiberiopolis, Commemorated on November 28; Venerable Karion (Cyrion) and his son in Egypt, Commemorated on December 5 ; Venerable Zachariah of Egypt, Commemorated on December 5; AMBROSE OF MILAN, BISHOP AND DOCTOR (7 DEC 397); Martyr Basil of Ancyra, Commemorated on January 1; Blessed Theosebia the Deaconess, sister of Sts Basil the Great and Gregory of Nyssa, Commemorated on January 10; St Gregory the Bishop of Nyssa, Commemorated on January 10; Synaxis of the Ecumenical Teachers and Hierarchs: Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian, and John Chrysostom, Commemorated on January 30; GREGORY OF NYSSA, (9 MAR 395); Martyr Eupsychius of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on April 9; St Eulogius the Hospitable of Constantinople, Commemorated on April 27 ; Martyr Theognes at Cyzicus, Commemorated on April 29 ; St Athanasius the Great the Patriarch of Alexandria, Commemorated on May 2 ; Martyr Barbarus the Soldier in Morea, Commemorated on May 6; GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (9 MAY 389); St Epiphanius the Bishop of Cyprus, Commemorated on May 12 ; St Sabinus the Archbishop of Cyprus, Commemorated on May 12; Hieromartyr Dorotheus the Bishop of Tyre, Commemorated on June 5; Hieromartyr Timothy the Bishop of Prusa, Commemorated on June 10; Venerable Theophanes of Antioch, Commemorated on June 10; BASIL THE GREAT, BISHOP, THEOLOGIAN (14 JUNE 379); Martyr Manuel of Persia, Commemorated on June 17; Hieromartyr Eusebius the Bishop of Samosata, Commemorated on June 22; Icon of the Mother of God of Lydda or "", Commemorated on June 26;

Armenia, 350-379, Saint, Basil of Caesarea, Basil the Great, of the 5
Byzantine Saint, 350-379, Basil of Caesarea, Basil the Great; Martyr Patermuthius of Egypt, Commemorated on July 9 ; Venerable Patermuthius the Ascetic of Egypt, Commemorated on July 9; Martyr Emilian of Silistria in Bulgaria, Commemorated on July 18; MACRINA THE YOUNGER, MONASTIC AND TEACHER (19 JUL 379) ; Venerable Macrina the Sister of St Basil the Great, Commemorated on July 19 ; Martyr John the Soldier at Constantinople, Commemorated on July 30; Martyr Eusignius of Antioch, Commemorated on August 5; Venerable Horus of the Thebaid, Egypt, Commemorated on August 7; Martyr Juventinus the Soldier at Antioch, Commemorated on September 5 ; JOHN CHRYSOSTOM, BISHOP OF ANTIOCH AND OF CONSTANTINOPLE, PREACHER, THEOLOGIAN, LITURGIST (13 Sept. 407) ; St Ambrose the Bishop of Milan, Commemorated on December 7; Martyr Gemellus of Paphlagonia, Commemorated on December 10; St Niphon the Bishop of Cyprus, Commemorated on December 23; St Meletius the Archbishop of Antioch, Commemorated on February 12; Venerable Publius of Egypt, Commemorated on April 5; Martyr Dometius of Persia, Commemorated on August 7; MOSES THE BLACK, DESERT FATHER & MARTYR, 28 August 405; Venerable Moses the Black of Scete, Commemorated on August 28; Martyr Porphyrius the Actor, Commemorated on September 15 ; Martyr Juventinus at Antioch, Commemorated on October 9 ; St Publia the Confessor and Deaconess of Antioch, Commemorated on October 9; St Martin the Merciful the Bishop of Tours, Commemorated on October 12 ; Greatmartyr Artemius at Antioch, Commemorated on October 20; Venerable Hilarion the Great, Commemorated on October 21; Hieromartyr Cyriacus the Patriarch of Jerusalem, Commemorated on October 28 ; St Marcian of Cyrrhus, Commemorated on November 2; Martyr Melasippus with his wife and son at Ancyra, Commemorated on November 7; Synaxis of the Archangel Michael and the Other Bodiless Powers, Commemorated on November 8; St Martin the Merciful the Bishop of Tours, Commemorated on November 11; MARTIN OF TOURS, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (11 NOV 397); Martyr Elpidius who suffered under Julian the Apostate, Commemorated on November 15; Martyr Theodore of Antioch, Commemorated on November 23; St Peter of Galatia, Commemorated on November 25; Martyr Timothy at Tiberiopolis, Commemorated on November 28; Venerable Karion (Cyrion) and his son in Egypt, Commemorated on December 5 ; Venerable Zachariah of Egypt, Commemorated on December 5; AMBROSE OF MILAN, BISHOP AND DOCTOR (7 DEC 397); Martyr Basil of Ancyra, Commemorated on January 1; Blessed Theosebia the Deaconess, sister of Sts Basil the Great and Gregory of Nyssa, Commemorated on January 10; St Gregory the Bishop of Nyssa, Commemorated on January 10; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated on January 28; Synaxis of the Ecumenical Teachers and Hierarchs: Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian, and John Chrysostom, Commemorated on January 30; Venerable Zeno the Hermit of Antioch the Disciple of St Basil the Great, Commemorated on January 30; Martyr Eupsychius of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on April 9; St Eulogius the Hospitable of Constantinople, Commemorated on April 27 ; Martyr Theognes at Cyzicus, Commemorated on April 29 ; St Athanasius the Great the Patriarch of Alexandria, Commemorated on May 2 ; Martyr Barbarus the Soldier in Morea, Commemorated on May 6; GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (9 MAY 389); St Epiphanius the Bishop of Cyprus, Commemorated on May 12 ; St Sabinus the Archbishop of Cyprus, Commemorated on May 12; Hieromartyr Dorotheus the Bishop of Tyre, Commemorated on June 5; Hieromartyr Timothy the Bishop of Prusa, Commemorated on June 10; Venerable Theophanes of Antioch, Commemorated on June 10; BASIL THE GREAT, BISHOP, THEOLOGIAN (14 JUNE 379); Martyr Manuel of Persia, Commemorated on June 17; Hieromartyr Eusebius the Bishop of Samosata, Commemorated on June 22; Icon of the Mother of God of Lydda or œthe Roman, Commemorated on June 26;

Armenia, 350-368, Prince, Arsak II (Arshak II)
Armenia, 350-368, Prince, Arsak II (Arshak II); Holy Woman Olympias (Olympiada) the Deaconess of Constantinople, Commemorated on July 25;

Armenia, 350-379, Macrina the Younger (Iris River near Pontus and Neocasearea on the Keltek) of the 5
Byzantium, 350-379, Macrina the Younger (somewhere on Iris River); MACRINA THE YOUNGER, MONASTIC AND TEACHER (19 JUL 379) ; St. Basil the Great, Archbishop of Casarea in Cappadocia, Commemorated on January 1;

Armenia, 350-381, Theosebia, the younger sister (on Iris River near Pontus) of the 5
Cappadocia, 350-381, Theosebia, the younger sister (somewhere on Iris River in Pontus); Byzantium, 350-379, Macrina the Younger (somewhere on Iris River); MACRINA THE YOUNGER, MONASTIC AND TEACHER (19 JUL 379) ; St. Basil the Great, Archbishop of Casarea in Cappadocia, Commemorated on January 1;

Armenia, 351-368, Saint Caesarius of Nazianzus, Cappadocia, younger brother of Gregory of N
Cappadocia, 351-368, Saint Caesarius of Nazianzus, younger brother of Gregory; St. Gregory the Theologian the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated on January 25;

Armenia, 355-395, Cappadocian, Byzantine Saint, Gregory of Nyssa, of the 5
Byzantine Saint, 355-395, Gregory of Nyssa; Martyr Patermuthius of Egypt, Commemorated on July 9 ; Venerable Patermuthius the Ascetic of Egypt, Commemorated on July 9; Martyr Emilian of Silistria in Bulgaria, Commemorated on July 18; MACRINA THE YOUNGER, MONASTIC AND TEACHER (19 JUL 379) ; Venerable Macrina the Sister of St Basil the Great, Commemorated on July 19 ; Martyr John the Soldier at Constantinople, Commemorated on July 30; Martyr Eusignius of Antioch, Commemorated on August 5; Venerable Horus of the Thebaid, Egypt, Commemorated on August 7; Martyr Juventinus the Soldier at Antioch, Commemorated on September 5 ; JOHN CHRYSOSTOM, BISHOP OF ANTIOCH AND OF CONSTANTINOPLE, PREACHER, THEOLOGIAN, LITURGIST (13 Sept. 407) ; St Ambrose the Bishop of Milan, Commemorated on December 7; Martyr Gemellus of Paphlagonia, Commemorated on December 10; St Niphon the Bishop of Cyprus, Commemorated on December 23; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated on January 28; Venerable Publius of Egypt, Commemorated on April 5; Martyr Dometius of Persia, Commemorated on August 7; MOSES THE BLACK, DESERT FATHER & MARTYR, 28 August 405; Venerable Moses the Black of Scete, Commemorated on August 28; Martyr Porphyrius the Actor, Commemorated on September 15 ; Martyr Juventinus at Antioch, Commemorated on October 9 ; St Publia the Confessor and Deaconess of Antioch, Commemorated on October 9; St Martin the Merciful the Bishop of Tours, Commemorated on October 12 ; Greatmartyr Artemius at Antioch, Commemorated on October 20; Venerable Hilarion the Great, Commemorated on October 21; Hieromartyr Cyriacus the Patriarch of Jerusalem, Commemorated on October 28 ; St Marcian of Cyrrhus, Commemorated on November 2; Martyr Melasippus with his wife and son at Ancyra, Commemorated on November 7; Synaxis of the Archangel Michael and the Other Bodiless Powers, Commemorated on November 8; St Martin the Merciful the Bishop of Tours, Commemorated on November 11; MARTIN OF TOURS, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (11 NOV 397); Martyr Elpidius who suffered under Julian the Apostate, Commemorated on November 15; Martyr Theodore of Antioch, Commemorated on November 23; St Peter of Galatia, Commemorated on November 25; Martyr Timothy at Tiberiopolis, Commemorated on November 28; Venerable Karion (Cyrion) and his son in Egypt, Commemorated on December 5 ; Venerable Zachariah of Egypt, Commemorated on December 5; AMBROSE OF MILAN, BISHOP AND DOCTOR (7 DEC 397); Martyr Basil of Ancyra, Commemorated on January 1; Blessed Theosebia the Deaconess, sister of Sts Basil the Great and Gregory of Nyssa, Commemorated on January 10; St Gregory the Bishop of Nyssa, Commemorated on January 10; Synaxis of the Ecumenical Teachers and Hierarchs: Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian, and John Chrysostom, Commemorated on January 30; GREGORY OF NYSSA, (9 MAR 395); Martyr Eupsychius of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on April 9; St Eulogius the Hospitable of Constantinople, Commemorated on April 27 ; Martyr Theognes at Cyzicus, Commemorated on April 29 ; St Athanasius the Great the Patriarch of Alexandria, Commemorated on May 2 ; Martyr Barbarus the Soldier in Morea, Commemorated on May 6; GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (9 MAY 389); St Epiphanius the Bishop of Cyprus, Commemorated on May 12 ; St Sabinus the Archbishop of Cyprus, Commemorated on May 12; Hieromartyr Dorotheus the Bishop of Tyre, Commemorated on June 5; Hieromartyr Timothy the Bishop of Prusa, Commemorated on June 10; Venerable Theophanes of Antioch, Commemorated on June 10; BASIL THE GREAT, BISHOP, THEOLOGIAN (14 JUNE 379); Martyr Manuel of Persia, Commemorated on June 17; Hieromartyr Eusebius the Bishop of Samosata, Commemorated on June 22; Icon of the Mother of God of Lydda or 'œthe Roman', Commemorated on June 26;

Armenia, 360 - 391, St Peter, Bishop of Sebaste, Cappadocia/ Armenia, of the 5
Cappadocia, 360 - 391, St Peter, Bishop of Sebaste, Cappadocia/ Armenia; St. Peter the Bishop of Sebaste, in Armenia, Commemorated on January 9; Blessed Theosebia the Deaconess, sister of Sts Basil the Great and Gregory of Nyssa, Commemorated on January 10;

Armenia, 363, Battle of Samarra v Persia, Julian the Apostate's death
Battle of Samarra, 363, Julian the Apostate's death; Julian left Antioch for a war with the Persians. Near the Persian city of Ctesiphon, Julian came upon an elderly Persian, who agreed to betray his countrymen and guide Julian’s army. The old man deceived Julian and led his army into the Karmanite wilderness, where there was neither food nor water. Tired from hunger and thirst, Julian’s army battled against fresh Persian forces. ; Greatmartyr Artemius at Antioch, Commemorated on October 20; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated on January 28; Hieromartyr Theodoritus of Antioch, Commemorated on March 8; Martyr Eupsychius of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on April 9; Martyr Manuel of Persia, Commemorated on June 17;

Armenia, 397-473, Saint, Euthymius the Great, Melitene, Armenia, Wilderness of Judea
Jerusalem Saint, 397-473, Euthymius the Great; Venerable Theoctistus, Commemorated on September 3; Venerable Euthymius the Great, Commemorated on January 20;

Armenia, 400-499, 5th Century Folder, Conquered by Persia, Queen Shushanik

Armenia, 428, Conquered by Persia
Great Armenia, Kingdom of Armenia was bordered by Caucasian Albania in the east, by Caucasian Iberia in the north, by the Roman Empire in the west and by Parthia, later succeeded by Sassanid Empire. The border between Caucasian Iberia and Kingdom of Armenia was Kur river, which was also the border between Caucasian Albania and Kingdom of Armenia ;

Armenia, 443-529, Saint Theodosius the Great, Judea, Cenobiarch, from Cappadocia, Armenia
Jerusalem, 443-529, Saint Theodosius the Great, Judea; St. Christopher of Palestine, Commemorated on August 30;

Armenia, 459-532, Saint Sabbas the Sanctified, from Cappadocia, Armenia
Jerusalem Saint, 459-532, Sabbas the Sanctified; Venerable Euthymius the Great, Commemorated on January 20; Venerable John the Silent of St Sava'™s Monastery, Commemorated on March 30;

Armenia, 460-475, Georgian Saint, Armenian Queen Shushanik
Armenia, 460-475, Georgian Saint, Armenian Queen Shushanik ; Shushanik, born Vardeni Mamikonian (c. 440 -“ 475) was a Christian Armenian woman who was tortured to death by her husband Varsken in the town of Tsurtavi, Georgia. Since she died defending her right to profess Christianity, she is regarded as a martyr. Her martyrdom is described in her confessor Jacob'™s hagiographic work, the oldest extant work of Georgian language literature. The hagiography details extensive resistance to forms of imprisonment, isolation, torture and cruelty by Shushanik. was a daughter of the Armenian military commander Vardan Mamikonian and married the Mihranid ruler Varsken, son of Arshusha II. was a defiant vassal of Vakhtang I Gorgasali, King of Kartli (Iberia), and took a pro-Persian position, renouncing Christianity and adopting Zoroastrianism. killed his spouse after she refused to submit to his order to abandon her Christian faith. Varsken himself was put to death by King Vakhtang in 483. has been canonized by the Georgian Orthodox Church and is venerated by the Armenian Apostolic Church. Her feast day is celebrated on October 17 in Georgia and Tuesday between September 20-“26 in Armenia. Hierarch Peter, First Catholicos of Georgia, Commemorated on November 30;

Armenia, 500-599, 6th Century Folder, 13 Assyrian Fathers, including John of Zedezeni, David Gareji, and St. Shio

Armenia, 540's, 13 Assyrian Fathers (St Shio, John of Zedazeni, David Gareji, Joseph of Alaverdi)
Georgia, 13 Assyrian Fathers, 6th Century; Thirteen Assyrian Fathers were, according to Georgian church tradition, a group of monastic missionaries who arrived from Mesopotamia to Georgia to strengthen Christianity in the country in the 6th century. They are credited by the Georgian church historians with the foundation of several monasteries and hermitages and initiation of the ascetic movement in Georgia.[1][2] lives of the Assyrian Fathers are related in a cycle of medieval Georgian hagiographic texts and are unattested beyond these sources. Some of these vitae are formalities composed for an 18th-century synaxary, but four of them exist in original form, as well a metaphrastic version. The dating as well as authorship of these texts is controversial. The Georgian Catholicoi Arsen I (830-87) and Arsen II (955-80) have been suggested as authors of some of the vitae. Other, unattributed, texts may have been composed earlier, in the late 7th century.[3] monasteries in modern Georgia are named after the Assyrian Fathers and are said to have been founded and led by them and their numerous disciples. In the Middle Ages, these religious foundations played an important role in forging Georgian Christian identity.[3] written and oral, names as many as 19 Assyrian monks active in Georgia in the 6th century and the number "13" seems to be largely symbolic. Modern scholarly opinion is divided as to whether they were Assyrians, Assyrian-educated Georgians, whether missionaries or refugees — monophysite or diophysite — from Syria, from which monophysitism had retreated while Georgia was still primarily monophysite at that time.[3] in Iberia where the fathers served Chief of the Assyrian Fathers were: Davit Garejeli / David of Gareja Ioane Zedazneli / John of Zedazeni Abibos Nekreseli / Abibos of Nekresi Shio Mgvimeli / Shio of Mgvime Ioseb Alaverdeli / Joseph of Alaverdi Anton Martkopeli / Anton of Martkopi Tadeoz Stepantsmindeli / Thaddeus of Stepantsminda Piros Breteli / Pyrrhus of Breti Iese Tsilkneli / Jesse of Tsilkani Stepane Khirseli / Stephen of Khirsa Isidore Samtavneli / Isidor of Samtavisi Mikael Ulumboeli / Michael of Ulumbo Zenon Ikaltoeli / Zenon of Ikalto Venerable Joseph, Abbot of Alaverdi, Georgia, Commemorated September 15 ; Hieromartyr Abibus, Bishop of Nekressi in Georgia, Commemorated on November 29; St Jesse, Bishop of Tsilkan in Georgia, Commemorated on December 2; St Anthony the Founder of Monasticism in Georgia, Commemorated on January 19; St Macarius the Stylite of Martkobsk, Georgia, Commemorated on January 19; Saint Evagrisi, disciple of Saint Shio, Commemorated on February 4; Venerable Shio Mgvime, Commemorated on February 9 ; Venerable Shio Mgvime, Commemorated on March 3; Venerable Dodo of the St David-Gareji Monastery, Georgia, Commemorated on May 17; St. David Gareji, Commemorated on June 9 ;

Armenia, 540's, 13 Assyrian Fathers (under St John of Zedazeni)
Georgia, 13 Assyrian Fathers, 6th Century; Thirteen Assyrian Fathers were, according to Georgian church tradition, a group of monastic missionaries who arrived from Mesopotamia to Georgia to strengthen Christianity in the country in the 6th century. They are credited by the Georgian church historians with the foundation of several monasteries and hermitages and initiation of the ascetic movement in Georgia.[1][2] lives of the Assyrian Fathers are related in a cycle of medieval Georgian hagiographic texts and are unattested beyond these sources. Some of these vitae are formalities composed for an 18th-century synaxary, but four of them exist in original form, as well a metaphrastic version. The dating as well as authorship of these texts is controversial. The Georgian Catholicoi Arsen I (830-87) and Arsen II (955-80) have been suggested as authors of some of the vitae. Other, unattributed, texts may have been composed earlier, in the late 7th century.[3] monasteries in modern Georgia are named after the Assyrian Fathers and are said to have been founded and led by them and their numerous disciples. In the Middle Ages, these religious foundations played an important role in forging Georgian Christian identity.[3] written and oral, names as many as 19 Assyrian monks active in Georgia in the 6th century and the number "13" seems to be largely symbolic. Modern scholarly opinion is divided as to whether they were Assyrians, Assyrian-educated Georgians, whether missionaries or refugees — monophysite or diophysite — from Syria, from which monophysitism had retreated while Georgia was still primarily monophysite at that time.[3] in Iberia where the fathers served Chief of the Assyrian Fathers were: Davit Garejeli / David of Gareja Ioane Zedazneli / John of Zedazeni Abibos Nekreseli / Abibos of Nekresi Shio Mgvimeli / Shio of Mgvime Ioseb Alaverdeli / Joseph of Alaverdi Anton Martkopeli / Anton of Martkopi Tadeoz Stepantsmindeli / Thaddeus of Stepantsminda Piros Breteli / Pyrrhus of Breti Iese Tsilkneli / Jesse of Tsilkani Stepane Khirseli / Stephen of Khirsa Isidore Samtavneli / Isidor of Samtavisi Mikael Ulumboeli / Michael of Ulumbo Zenon Ikaltoeli / Zenon of Ikalto Venerable Joseph, Abbot of Alaverdi, Georgia, Commemorated September 15 ; Hieromartyr Abibus, Bishop of Nekressi in Georgia, Commemorated on November 29; St Jesse, Bishop of Tsilkan in Georgia, Commemorated on December 2; St Anthony the Founder of Monasticism in Georgia, Commemorated on January 19; St Macarius the Stylite of Martkobsk, Georgia, Commemorated on January 19; Saint Evagrisi, disciple of Saint Shio, Commemorated on February 4; Venerable Shio Mgvime, Commemorated on February 9 ; Venerable Shio Mgvime, Commemorated on March 3; Venerable Dodo of the St David-Gareji Monastery, Georgia, Commemorated on May 17; St. David Gareji, Commemorated on June 9 ;

Armenia, 639 - 1920, Arab Muslim Armenia, Folder, Genocide by Turkey

Armenia, 639, Arab Muslim Conquest of Armenia, Dvin, Armenia
Dvin; Arab Muslim Conquest of Armenia 639;

Armenia, 641-661, Catholicos Nerses III the Builder, ended up in Tao-Klarjeti
Armenia, 641-661, Catholicos Nerses III the Builder, ended up in Tao-Klarjeti; Venerable Fathers and Mothers of the Klarjeti Wilderness, Commemorated on October 5;

Armenia, 735-736, Umayyad Caliph, Marwan ibn Muhammad (Marwan the Blind) attacked Armenia
Persia, 735-736, Umayyad Caliph, Marwan ibn Muhammad (Marwan the Deaf); Arab general Marwan the Deaf; Martyr David the Prince of Georgia, Commemorated on October 2; Martyr Ashot Curapalati, King of of Artanuji, Commemorated on January 29 ;

Armenia, 976-979, Army of Asia Minor Commander, Bardas Skleros, Melitene
Army of Asia Minor Commander, 976-979, Bardas Skleros, Melitene, Bardas Skleros Commanded Asian Rebellion against Byzantine Emperor Basil II; St (John) Tornike of Mt Athos, Commemorated on June 12;

Armenia, 1060-1360, Arab Muslim Conquest of Anatolia
Armenia, 1060-1360, Arab Muslim Conquest of Anatolia;

Armenia, 1071, Battle of Manzikert
Armenia, Battle of Manzikert 1071;

Armenia, 1203, Battle of Basian, Georgia and Tamar over Sunni Persian Turks
Armenia, Battle of Basian, 1203; Basiani is 60 km Northeast of Erzurum; St Eulogius of Salosi, the Prophet and Fool-for-Christ, Commemorated on April 1; St John Shavteli of Salosi, Bishop of Gaenati, Georgia, Commemorated on April 1; Right-believing Tamara, Queen of Georgia, Commemorated on May 1; Holy Queen Tamara, Commemorated on May 8; St John of Shavtel-Gaenati, Commemorated on June 9;

World War I quarters of supreme commander-in-chief in 1914
World War I quarters of supreme commander-in-chief in 1914 Appearance of the Mother of God to St Sergius of Radonezh, Commemorated on August 24; Caucasus Campaign, 1914 ;

Armenia, 1915-1923, Armenian Genocide, by Turkey
1915 Armenian Genocide; GENOCIDE REMEMBRANCE 1915-1923, Commemorated April 24;

Armenia, 1920, Wilsonian Armenia
Wilsonian Armenia; Great Armenia; Kingdom of Armenia was bordered by Caucasian Albania in the east, by Caucasian Iberia in the north, by the Roman Empire in the west and by Parthia, later succeeded by Sassanid Empire. The border between Caucasian Iberia and Kingdom of Armenia was Kur river, which was also the border between Caucasian Albania and Kingdom of Armenia. Hieromartyr Gregory the Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia; GENOCIDE REMEMBRANCE 1915-1923, Commemorated April 24;

Armenia, Aras River Folder

Aras River

Lake Van, Taron Region
Lake Van; Taron Region; Arab Muslim Conquest of Armenia 639;

Aras River Source (near Erzurum, Turkey)

Eastern part of the Roman Empire, Armenia
Eastern part of the Roman Empire ; Hieromartyr Helladius the Bishop in the East, Commemorated on May 28;

Basiani, Armenia (Aras River Source)
Basiani, Georgia; Blessed David IV the King of Georgia, Commemorated on January 26; Right-believing Tamara, Queen of Georgia, Commemorated on May 1;

Bassiani, Armenia (Aras River Source)
Bassiani, Georgia; Blessed David IV the King of Georgia, Commemorated on January 26; Right-believing Tamara, Queen of Georgia, Commemorated on May 1;

Armenia, Aras River Source, Euphrates River Source Folder

Euphrates River Route

Euphrates River Source (Murat River)

Artaz region, Armenia (high point, Aras River Source, Euphrates River Source)
Artaz region, South of Erzurum, North of Bingol; Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy, Commemorated on August 21 ;

Theodosiopolis, Armenia (high point, Aras River Source)
Theodosiopolis, Armenia Martyr Dometius of Persia, Commemorated on August 7; New Martyr Isaac of Georgia, Commemorated on September 16 ; St Eulogius of Salosi, the Prophet and Fool-for-Christ, Commemorated on April 1; St John Shavteli of Salosi, Bishop of Gaenati, Georgia, Commemorated on April 1;

Tsikhedidi (Kaledibi), Aras Region, (high point, Rivers Aras and Euphrates Source)
Tsikhedidi (Kaledibi), Aras Region, (high point, Rivers Aras and Euphrates Source) Erzurum, Turkey (NATO Cold War airforce post) ; Appearance of the Mother of God to St Sergius of Radonezh, Commemorated August 24 ; Saint Evagrisi, disciple of Saint Shio, Commemorated on February 4; St Eulogius of Salosi, the Prophet and Fool-for-Christ, Commemorated on April 1; St John Shavteli of Salosi, Bishop of Gaenati, Georgia, Commemorated on April 1;

Euphrates River Source

Aras River 1

Aras River 2

Bagrevand Region, Armenia (Aras River 1 and 2)
Bagrevand; Martyr Suchias and his Soldiers in Georgia, Commemorated on April 15;

Mount Sukaketi (Aras River 2)
Because it is the mountain of the Bagrevand region, this mountain is probably Mount Sukaketi in the story of Martyr Suchias and his Soldiers in Georgia. Bagrevand; Martyr Suchias and his Soldiers in Georgia, Commemorated on April 15;

Aras River 3 (Akhurian River Mouth)

Armenia, Aras River 3, Akhurian River Folder

Akhurian River

Akhurian River Source (Lake Tseli)

Akhurian River 1 (Gyumri, Armenia)

Akhurian River 2 (Yerazgavors, Armenia)

Tsilkan, Armenia
Tsilkan (Tsilkar), Armenia; St Jesse, Bishop of Tsilkan in Georgia, Commemorated on December 2 ;

Akhurian River 2 (Ani, Armenia)

Anis-Shirakavan, Armenia
Anis-Shirakavan, Armenia ; St Tsotne Dadiani the Confessor, Commemorated on July 30

Akhurian River 3 (Bagaran, Armenia)

Akhurian River 4 (Yervandashat, Armenia)

Akhurian River Mouth (Aras River 3)

Aras River 4 (Metsamor River Mouth)

Armenia, Aras River 4, Metsamor River Folder

Metsamor River

Metsamor River Mouth (Aras River 4)

Aras River 5 (Hrazdan, Azat Rivers)

Armenia, Aras River 5, Hrazdan River Folder

Hrazdan River

Armenian Plateau
Armenian Plateau ; Armenia; Mount Ararat; Aras River; Martyr Romulus and with him many others; Hieromartyr Gregory the Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia; Martyr Rhipsime of Armenia; St John Chrysostom the Archbishop of Constantinople; Holy, All-Praised Apostle Philip; Venerable Nikon "Metanoeite," the Preacher of Repentance; St James the Bishop of Nisibis; St Nino (Nina), Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Georgia; Venerable Euthymius the Great; GREGORY THE ILLUMINATOR, APOSTLE TO ARMENIA (23 March 332); GENOCIDE REMEMBRANCE; Deportation of Armenian notables in 1915; Venerable Agapitus the Unmercenary Physician of the Kiev Near Caves, Commemorated on June 1; Apostle Jude the Brother of the Lord, Commemorated on June 19;

Erevan (Yerevan Fortress, Hrazdan River Mouth, Aras River 5)
Erevan (Yerevan Fortress, Melitene); Arab Muslim Conquest of Armenia 639;

Alaverdi, Armenia or Georgia (Transcaucasus)
Alaverdi; Greatmartyr Ketevan the Queen of Georgia; Venerable Joseph, Abbot of Alaverdi, Georgia, Commemorated September 15 ; Hieromartyr Kirion II, Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia, Commemorated on June 27;

Cathedral of Etchmiadzin, Armenia (Hrazdan River Mouth, Aras River 5)
Cathedral of Etchmiadzin; GREGORY THE ILLUMINATOR, APOSTLE TO ARMENIA (23 March 332);

Hrazdan River Mouth (Aras River 5)

Armenia, Aras River 5, Azat River Folder

Azat River

Azat River 1

Azat River 2

Azat River Mouth (Aras River 5)

Artashat, Armenian Capital (Azat River Mouth, Aras River 5)
Artashat; Martyr Suchias and his Soldiers in Georgia, Commemorated on April 15;

Aras River 6

Khor Virab (deep well) monestary, Armenia (Aras River 6)
Khor Virab (deep well) monestary; GREGORY THE ILLUMINATOR, APOSTLE TO ARMENIA (23 March 332);

Mount Ararat, Armenia
Mount Ararat; Tobit Chapter 1: Courage in Burying the Dead: 16 In the days of Shalmaneser* I performed many acts of charity to my kindred, those of my tribe. 17I would give my food to the hungry and my clothing to the naked; and if I saw the dead body of any of my people thrown out behind the wall of Nineveh, I would bury it. 18I also buried any whom King Sennacherib put to death when he came fleeing from Judea in those days of judgement that the king of heaven executed upon him because of his blasphemies. For in his anger he put to death many Israelites; but I would secretly remove the bodies and bury them. So when Sennacherib looked for them he could not find them. 19Then one of the Ninevites went and informed the king about me, that I was burying them; so I hid myself. But when I realized that the king knew about me and that I was being searched for to be put to death, I was afraid and ran away. 20Then all my property was confiscated; nothing was left to me that was not taken into the royal treasury, except my wife Anna and my son Tobias. ; Repose of St Alexander Nevsky; Apostle Jude the Brother of the Lord, Commemorated on June 19;

Midznadzori Wilderness, Armenia (Aras River 19)
Midznadzori Wilderness, Azerbaijan; Zangilan District; Venerable Michael of Parekhi, Commemorated on May 27;

Armenia, Aras River 20, Kalebar River Folder

Kaleybar River

Kaleybar River Source

Kaleybar River 1

Kaleybar River 2

Kaleybar River 3

Kaleybar River Mouth (Aras River 20)

Armenia, Aras River 20, Vorotan River Folder

Vorotan River

Hereti, Armenia
Hereti Kingdom with a capital of Shaki in Armenia; Martyr Ashot Curapalati, King of of Artanuji, Commemorated on January 29;

Vorotan River Mouth (Aras River 20)

Aras River Mouth (Kura River 12)

Armenia, Iris Rivers Folder (Central and Southeastern Pontine)

Iris (Yesil) River

Great Road from Ephesus thru Colossae to the Euphrates at Melitine

Sebaste, Armenia (Iris River Source, Kizilirmak River 1)
Sebaste, Armenia ; Martyr Antiochus the Physician of Sebaste, Commemorated on July 16; MACRINA THE YOUNGER, MONASTIC AND TEACHER (19 JUL 379); Martyr Severian of Sebaste, Commemorated on September 9 ; Right-Believing Pulcheria, Byzantine Empress, Commemorated on September 10; Martyr Irenarchus at Sebaste, Commemorated on November 28 ; St. John the Silent of St. Sabbas Monastery, Commemorated on December 3; Martyr Eustratius at Sebaste, Commemorated December 13 ; St Modestus the Archbishop of Jerusalem, Commemorated December 18 ; St Emilia, the Mother of St Basil the Great, Commemorated on January 1 ; St Peter the Bishop of Sebaste, in Armenia, Commemorated on January 9 ; St Meletius the Archbishop of Antioch, Commemorated on February 12 ; 40 Holy Martyrs of Sebaste, Commemorated on March 9;

Iris (Yesil) River Source (Sivas or Sabastea)

Kharsian People, Pontine (Charsianon Area, Iris River Source) Armenia
Kharsian People Charsianon Area and Fortress; Righteous Eudocimus of Cappadocia, Commemorated July 31 ;

Charsianon Area, Armenia, Pontine (Kharsian People, Iris River Source) Armenia
Charsianon Area and Fortress; Righteous Eudocimus of Cappadocia, Commemorated July 31 ;

Charsianon Fortress, Armenia, Pontaine (Iris River Source)
Charsianon (Charsia); Venerable Michael of Maleinus, Commemorated on July 12 ; Righteous Eudocimus of Cappadocia, Commemorated on July 31 ;

Malenius Family Home at Charsianon, Armenia, Pontine
Malenius; Venerable Michael of Maleinus, Commemorated July 12 ; Righteous Eudocimus of Cappadocia, Commemorated on July 31;

Iris (Yesil) River 1 (Tokat, Cekerek River Mouth)

Tokat, Pontaine, Armenia (Iris or Yesil River 1)
Tokat (Iris or Yesil River) ; Hieromartyr Alexander the Bishop of Comana, Commemorated on August 12; HENRY MARTYN, MISSIONARY AND TRANSLATOR (19 OCT 1812) ;

Comana (Komana), Pontica Armenia (Iris River 1)
Komana (Comana), Pontica; Hieromartyr Alexander the Bishop of Comana, Commemorated on August 12; St Proclus the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated on November 20 ; Martyr Eutropius of Amasea, Commemorated on March 3;

Komana (Comana), Pontica Armenia (Iris River 1)
Komana (Comana), Pontica; Hieromartyr Alexander the Bishop of Comana, Commemorated on August 12; St Proclus the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated on November 20 ; Martyr Eutropius of Amasea, Commemorated on March 3;

Iris (Yesil) River 2 (Amasea)

Alasium, Pontine, Armenia (Amasea, Iris River 2)
Alasium or Amasea; Greatmartyr Theodore the Tyro "œthe Recruit"), Commemorated on February 17;

Pontica, Amasea, Pontine, Armenia (Iris River 2)
Amasea; Apostle Matthias of the Seventy, Commemorated on August 9; Hieromartyr Clement the Bishop of Ancyra, Commemorated on January 23 ; Martyr Agathangelus, Commemorated on January 23; Martyr Eutropius of Amasea, Commemorated on March 3; St Hesychius the Faster of Bithynia, Commemorated on March 5; St Eutychius the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on April 6 ; Hieromartyr Basil the Bishop of Amasea, Commemorated on April 26; Righteous Virginmartyr Glaphyra, Commemorated on April 26; Uncovering of the relics of St Basil the Bishop of Amasea, Commemorated on April 30;

Amasea, Pontine, Armenia (Iris River 2)
Amasea; Apostle Matthias of the Seventy, Commemorated on August 9; Hieromartyr Clement the Bishop of Ancyra, Commemorated on January 23 ; Martyr Agathangelus, Commemorated on January 23; Martyr Eutropius of Amasea, Commemorated on March 3; St Hesychius the Faster of Bithynia, Commemorated on March 5; St Eutychius the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on April 6 ; Hieromartyr Basil the Bishop of Amasea, Commemorated on April 26; Righteous Virginmartyr Glaphyra, Commemorated on April 26; Uncovering of the relics of St Basil the Bishop of Amasea, Commemorated on April 30;

Amasya, Pontica, Armenia (Yesil (Iris) River 2)
Amasea; Hieromartyr Clement the Bishop of Ancyra, Commemorated on January 23; Apostle Matthias of the Seventy, Commemorated on August 9; St Gregory the Wonderworker of Neocaesarea; Hieromartyr Clement the Bishop of Ancyra, Commemorated January 23; Martyr Agathangelus, Commemorated January 23; Martyr Eutropius of Amasea, Commemorated on March 3; St Eutychius the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on April 6 ; Hieromartyr Basil the Bishop of Amasea, Commemorated on April 26; Righteous Virginmartyr Glaphyra, Commemorated on April 26; Uncovering of the relics of St Basil the Bishop of Amasea, Commemorated on April 30; Martyr Basiliscus the Bishop of Comana, Commemorated on May 22;

Euchaita, Pontine, Armenia (Iris River 2)
Euchaita; Synaxis of the Ecumenical Teachers and Hierarchs: Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian, and John Chrysostom, Commemorated January 30 ; Greatmartyr Theodore Stratelates œthe General, Commemorated on February 8; Greatmartyr Theodore the Tyro (œthe Recruit), Commemorated on February 17; Translation of the relics of the Greatmartyr Theodore Stratelates, Commemorated on June 8;

Pontus, City of Pontus, Armenia (Eupatoria, a crossroads, Isis River)
Eupatoria (Pontus); Venerable Zeno the Hermit of Antioch the Disciple of St Basil the Great, Commemorated January 30 ; Martyr Eutropius of Amasea, Commemorated on March 3;

Comana Pontica
Comana Pontica, 7 miles from Tokat; Hieromartyr Alexander the Bishop of Comana, Commemorated on August 12; St Proclus the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated on November 20 ;

Macrina the Younger and Saint Basil (on Iris River near Pontus, and near Neocaesarea on the Kelkit)
MACRINA THE YOUNGER, MONASTIC AND TEACHER (19 JUL 379) ; St. Basil the Great, Archbishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia, Commemorated on January 1

Iris (Yesil) River Mouth (Black Sea)

Amisus, Armenia, Pontine (near Iris River Mouth, on the shore of the sea)
Amisus; Apostle Matthias of the Seventy, Commemorated on August 9 ; Martyr Charitina of Amisus, Commemorated October 5 ; St Florus the Bishop of Amisus, Commemorated on December 18 ; Virginmartyr Alexandra of Amisus, Commemorated on March 20;

Cekerek River

Heracleopolis, Pontus, Armenia (Cekerek River 1)
Heracleopolis, Turkey ; Hieromartyr Athenogenes the Bishop of Heracleopolis, Commemorated on July 16;

Cekerek River 1 (Cekerek)

Cekerek River 2 (Heracleopolis)

Cekerek River Mouth (Iris (Yesil) River 1)

Armenia, Harsit River Folder (Far Eastern Pontine)

Harsit River

Harsit River Source (Pontic Mountains)
Pontic Mountains or Pontine district of Northeast Asia Minor;

Pontic Mountains
Pontic Mountains or Pontine district of Northeast Asia Minor; Greatmartyr Theodore the Tyro (ÃƒÂ¢Ã‚Â€Ã‚Âœthe RecruitÃƒÂ¢Ã‚Â€Ã‚ÂÂÂÂ), Commemorated on February 17;

Lazeti, Armenia, Pontine (Harsit River Source)
Lazeti; Martyrs of Lazeti, Commemorated on April 29;

Laz People, Harsit River Area, Eastern Pontaine - Land of the Laz People
Land of the Laz People; Martyrs of Lazeti, Commemorated on April 29;

Laze, Armenia, Capital Artvin (Nigali Valley, Chorokhi River 4)
Laz People, Laze, Armenia, Capital Artvin; Martyrs of Lazeti, Commemorated on April 29;

Kordila, Pontine (Rize Province Georgia, Harsit River Area Pontine)
Kordila (Rize Province); Martyr Orentius, one of the seven martyred brothers in Georgia, Commemorated on June 24;

Chaneti, Pontine (Harsit River, Eastern Pontine)
Chaneti ; Martyrs of Lazeti, Commemorated on April 29; Martyred Fathers and Mothers of Atchara, Commemorated on May 29;

Harsit River 1

Harsit River 2

Harsit River 3 (Argyropolis)

Argyropolis, Pontine (Harsit River 3)
Argyropolis (Harsit River 4); Apostle Stachys of the Seventy, Commemorated October 31 ;

Harsit River 4 (near Zigana Pass)

Zigana Pass, Pontine (Harsit River 4)
Zigana Pass; Martyr Orentius, one of the seven martyred brothers in Georgia, Commemorated on June 24;

Harsit River 5

Harsit River Mouth (Black Sea)

Trebizond, Pontine, Armenia (Black Sea, Silk Road, Harsit River)
Trebizond (Black Sea, Silk Road) ; Apostle Matthias of the Seventy, Commemorated on August 9 ; Venerable Theodosius the Metropolitan of Trebizond, Commemorated on January 11 ; Martyr Neophytus of Nicea, Commemorated January 21; Martyr Eugene at Trebizond; Hieromartyr Theodore of Atchara, Commemorated February 17; St George the Bishop of Amastris on the Black Sea, Commemorated February 21 ; New Martyr John the New of Sochi, who suffered at Belgrade, Commemorated on June 2; Venerable Athanasius the Founder of the Great Lavra and Coenobitic Monasticism on Mt. Athos, Commemorated on July 5;

Trebizond Empire, 13th-15th Centuries, Pontaine (Black Sea, Silk Road, Harsit River)
Trebizond Empire, 13th-15th Centuries, Pontaine (Black Sea, Silk Road, Harsit River); Trebizond (Black Sea, Silk Road) ; Apostle Matthias of the Seventy, Commemorated on August 9 ; Venerable Theodosius the Metropolitan of Trebizond, Commemorated on January 11 ; Martyr Neophytus of Nicea, Commemorated January 21; Martyr Eugene at Trebizond; Hieromartyr Theodore of Atchara, Commemorated February 17; St George the Bishop of Amastris on the Black Sea, Commemorated February 21 ; New Martyr John the New of Sochi, who suffered at Belgrade, Commemorated on June 2; Venerable Athanasius the Founder of the Great Lavra and Coenobitic Monasticism on Mt. Athos, Commemorated on July 5;

Pontine Ethiopia (presently Western Georgia)
Pontine Ethiopia (presently Western Georgia); Apostle Matthias of the Seventy, Commemorated on August 9;

Armenia, Kelkit River Folder (Eastern Pontine)

Kelkit River

Kelkit River Source (Gumushane (Silver House))
Kelkit River, the road from Armenia to Bithynia; North Anatolian Fault;

Kelkit River 1 (Nicopolis, Armenia)

Nicopolis, Armenia, Pontaine (Kelkit River 1)
Nicopolis (Pontus); 45 Holy Martyrs at Nicopolis in Armenia, Commemorated July 10 ; St John the Silent of St Sabbas Monastery, Commemorated December 3 ;

Colonia, Pontine, Armenia (Koyluhisar or Nicopolis, Kelkit River1)
Colonia in Armenia (Koyluhisar or Nicopolis); St John the Silent of St Sabbas Monastery, Commemorated on December 3 ;

Kelkit River 2 (Pontus)

Pontus Polemoniacus Area, Armenia (Kelkit River 2)
Pontus Polemoniacus Area; Hieromartyr Alexander the Bishop of Comana, Commemorated on August 12; Venerable Nikon "Metanoeite," the Preacher of Repentance, Commemorated November 26 ; St John the Silent of St Sabbas Monastery, Commemorated December 3 ; St Paul the Bishop of Neocaesarea, Commemorated December 23 ;

Kelkit River 3 (Neocaesarea, Pontus)

Neocaesarea, Pontus, Armenia (Kelkit River 3)
Neocaesarea; Hieromartyr Alexander the Bishop of Comana, Commemorated on August 12; St Gregory the Wonderworker of Neocaesarea, Commemorated on November 17; The Nativity of our Lord God and Savior Jesus Christ, Commemorated on December 25; St Paul the Bishop of Neocaesarea, Commemorated December 23 ; Martyr Troadius of Neocaesarea, Commemorated on March 2; Venerable Aninas of the Euphrates, Commemorated on March 18;

Kelkit River Mouth (Yesil River 3)

Armenia, Tigris River Folder

Tigris River

Tigris River Route

Tigris River Source (Lake Hazar)

Tigris River 1

Tigris River 2 (Martyropolis, Turkey)

Martyropolis, Armenia (Tigris River 2)
Martyropolis; St Maruthas the Bishop of Martyropolis in Mesopotamia, Commemorated on February 16;

Tigris River 3 (Mosul Dam Lake)

Nisibis, Armenia (Tigris River 3)
Nisibis (Mesopotamia); Martyr Dometius of Persia, Commemorated on August 7; St James the Bishop of Nisibis, Commemorated January 13 ; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated January 28 ; St Platonida (Platonis) of Nisibis, Syria, Commemorated on April 6; Martyr Bata the Persian, Commemorated on May 1; Apostle Bartholomew of the Twelve, Commemorated on June 11 ; Virginmartyr Febronia of Nisibis, Commemorated on June 25;

Dura, Armenia (Tigress River 3)
Dura (Anastasiopolis or Dara, Messopotamia) ; Apostle Bartholomew of the Twelve, Commemorated on June 11 ;

Anastasiopolis, Armenia (Dura or Dara, Tigris River 3)
Anastasiopolis, Messopotamia (Dura or Dara) Return of the Relics of the Apostle Bartholomew from Anastasiopolis to Lipari, Commemorated August 25 ; Apostle Bartholomew of the Twelve, Commemorated on June 11 ;

Tigris River 4 (Nineveh, Mosul, Arabela, Persia)

Tigris River 5 (Assur, Persia)

Tigris River 6 (Samarra, Persia)

Tigris River 7 (Bagdad, Babylon, Persia)

Tirgis River 8

Tigris River 9

Tigris River 10 (Elymais, Persia)

Tigris River 11

Tigris River Mouth (Kwait, Euphrates River 13)

Armenia, Euphrates Kizilirmak Rivers Folder, Great Road, Syria

Euphrates River

Euphrates River - Western Euphrates

Euphrates River 1

Arabrak (Arabraces), Armenia (Euphreates River 1)
Arabrak (Arabraces), Armenia ; Martyr Eustratius at Sebaste, Commemorated on December 13 ;

Euphrates River 2 (Melitene)

Armenia, Edessa and Melitene area Folder, Top Left of the Fertile Crescent

Edessa area of Euphrates River

Armenia, Edessa and Melitene, Euphrates River Folder, Great Road

Melitene, Armenia (Intersection Road from Ephesus and Euphrates River 2)
Malatya; Finding of the Icon of the Mother of God at the Miasena Monastery, Commemorated September 1 ; Uncovering of the relics St Acacius the Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated on September 15; Martyr Polyeuctus of Melitene, in Armenia, Commemorated on January 9 ; Martyr Kyriake of Nicomedia; Martyr Eudoxius; St Acacius the Confessor, Commemorated on March 31; St Acacius the Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated on April 17; St Eutychius the Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated on May 28;

Erevan (Yerevan Fortress, Melitene)
Erevan (Yerevan Fortress, Melitene); Arab Muslim Conquest of Armenia 639;

Euphrates River 3 (Samosata and Edessa)

Samosata, Armenia (Euphrates River 3)
Samosata; Martyr Lucian the Presbyter of Antioch, Commemorated on October 15; St Gregory the Wonderworker of Neocaesarea, Commemorated on November 17 ; Venerable Daniel the Stylite of Constantinople, Commemorated on December 11 ; Martyr Romanus at Samosata, Commemorated January 29 ; St Rabulas of Samosata, Commemorated February 19 ; Hieromartyr Eusebius the Bishop of Samosata, Commemorated on June 22;

Edessa, Armenia (Intersection and Euphrates River 3)
Edessa, Syria; St Theodore the Bishop of Edessa, Commemorated on July 9 ; Venerable Simeon of Emessa the Fool-For-Christ, Commemorated on July 21; Apostle Matthias of the Seventy, Commemorated on August 9; Translation of the Image "œNot-Made-By-Hands" of our Lord Jesus Christ from Edessa to Constantinople, the Third œFeast of the Savior in August, Commemorated on August 16; Translation of the Image "œNot-Made-By-Hands" of our Lord Jesus Christ from Edessa to Constantinople, the Third œFeast of the Savior in August, Commemorated on August 16 ; BERNARD OF CLAIRVAUX, ABBOT, THEOLOGIAN, AND POET (20 AUGUST 1153); Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy, Commemorated August 21 ; Martyr Bassa of Edessa, and her sons, Commemorated on August 21; St Barses the Confessor, Commemorated August 25 ; Finding of the Icon of the Mother of God at the Miasena Monastery, Commemorated on September 1 ; Martyr Juventinus the Soldier at Antioch, Commemorated on September 5 ; Martyr Sarbelus of Edessa, Commemorated September 5 ; Martyr Eudoxius, Commemorated September 6 ; Forefeast of the Nativity of the Mother of God. Commemorated September 7 ; Martyr Domnina with her daughters of Syria, Commemorated on October 4; Virginmartyr Pelagia of Antioch, Commemorated October 8 ; Apostle James the Son of Alphaeus, Commemorated on October 9; Martyr Lucian the Presbyter of Antioch, Commemorated on October 15 ; Martyr Sarbelus of Edessa, Commemorated October 15 ; Venerable Abramius the Recluse of Mesopotamia, Commemorated on October 29 ; Martyr and Confessor Gurias of Edessa, Commemorated on November 15 ; St Theodoulus the Eparch of Constantinople, Commemorated December 3 ; Martyr Gemellus of Paphlagonia, Commemorated December 10 ; St Theodore the Bishop of Edessa; Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy, Commemorated January 4 ; St Eustratius the Wonderworker, Commemorated on January 9 ; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated on January 28 ; St Aphraates of Persia, Commemorated on January 29 ; St Sarbelus of Edessa, January 29 ; Wonderworker and Unmercenary Cyrus, Commemorated on January 31 ; Martyr Bassa of Edessa, and her sons; Martyr Domnina with her daughters of Syria; Venerable Alexander the founder of the Monastery, of the "Unsleeping Ones", Commemorated February 23 ; St John Zedazneli of Zaden, in Georgia with his 12 Disciples, Commemorated on May 7; Venerable Alexis the Man of God, Commemorated on March 17; Venerable Hilarion the New the Abbot of Pelecete, Commemorated on March 28 ; Apostle Trophimus of the Seventy, Commemorated on April 15 ; Greatmartyr Irene of Thessalonica, Commemorated on May 5; EARLY ABBOTS of CLUNY, 30 April 909 ; EPHREM OF EDESSA, DEACON AND HYMN-WRITER (10 JUNE 373); Apostle Jude the Brother of the Lord, Commemorated on June 19; St Alexander the Founder of the Monastery of the "œUnsleeping Ones", Commemorated on July 3 ;

Edessa, Armenia (abundant water)
Edessa in Syria which is also called upper Messopotamia. County of Edessa; St Theodore the Bishop of Edessa, Commemorated on July 9 ; Venerable Simeon of Emessa the Fool-For-Christ, Commemorated on July 21; Apostle Matthias of the Seventy, Commemorated on August 9 ; Translation of the Image "œNot-Made-By-Hands" of our Lord Jesus Christ from Edessa to Constantinople, the Third œFeast of the Savior in August", Commemorated on August 16; Translation of the Image "Not-Made-By-Hands" of our Lord Jesus Christ from Edessa to Constantinople, the Third œFeast of the Savior in August, Commemorated on August 16 ; BERNARD OF CLAIRVAUX, ABBOT, THEOLOGIAN, AND POET (20 AUGUST 1153); Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy, Commemorated August 21 ; Martyr Bassa of Edessa, and her sons, Commemorated on August 21; St Barses the Confessor, Commemorated August 25 ; Martyr Sarbelus of Edessa, Commemorated September 5 ; Forefeast of the Nativity of the Mother of God. Commemorated September 7 ; Martyr Domnina with her daughters of Syria, Commemorated on October 4; Virginmartyr Pelagia of Antioch, Commemorated October 8 ; Apostle James the Son of Alphaeus, Commemorated on October 9; Martyr Lucian the Presbyter of Antioch, Commemorated on October 15 ; Martyr Sarbelus of Edessa, Commemorated October 15 ; Venerable Abramius the Recluse of Mesopotamia, Commemorated on October 29 ; Martyr and Confessor Gurias of Edessa, Commemorated on November 15 ; St Theodoulus the Eparch of Constantinople, Commemorated December 3 ; Martyr Gemellus of Paphlagonia, Commemorated December 10 ; Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4 ; St Eustratius the Wonderworker, Commemorated on January 9 ; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated on January 28 ; Abgar monastery; St Aphraates of Persia, Commemorated on January 29 ; St Sarbelus of Edessa, January 29 ; Wonderworker and Unmercenary Cyrus, Commemorated on January 31 ; Venerable Alexis the Man of God, Commemorated on March 17; Venerable Hilarion the New the Abbot of Pelecete, Commemorated on March 28; Apostle Trophimus of the Seventy, Commemorated on April 15 ; EARLY ABBOTS of CLUNY, 30 April 909 ; Greatmartyr Irene of Thessalonica, Commemorated on May 5; St John Zedazneli of Zaden, in Georgia with his 12 Disciples, Commemorated on May 7; Martyr Michael "œthe Black-Robed" of St Sava Monastery, Commemorated on May 23; EPHREM OF EDESSA, DEACON AND HYMN-WRITER (10 JUNE 373); Apostle Jude the Brother of the Lord, Commemorated on June 19; St Alexander the Founder of the Monastery of the "œUnsleeping Ones", Commemorated on July 3 ; St Theodore the Bishop of Edessa, Commemorated on July 9;

Unsleepinge Ones Monastery, Edessa, Armenia, about 400 (Euphrates River 3)
Unsleepinge Ones Monastery, Edessa, Armenia advanced through all the degrees of monastic obedience, he received a blessing from the igumen to dwell in the wilderness. The saint lived an ascetical life in the wilderness, taking only the Holy Gospel with him. Afterwards, the Lord summoned him to preach to pagans. He converted to the faith the local city-head Rabbul, who afterwards prospered in the service of the Church, attaining the rank of bishop, and for thirty years, he occupied the bishop’s cathedra in the city of Edessa. Saint Alexander settled not far from the Euphrates River. Monks gathered around him, attracted by the loftiness of his prayerful asceticism and spiritual experience. A monastery of 400 monks eventually sprang up there. the holy igumen in his prayerful zeal decided to offer never-ceasing praise to the Lord at the monastery both by day and by night. For three years the holy abba prayed that God might reveal to him whether it was pleasing to Him to establish such a monastic rule. He received an answer by divine revelation. All the monks were divided into twenty-four watches of prayer. Changing shifts each hour, two choirs sang the holy Psalms both day and night, except when divine services were celebrated in church. Hence the name “Monastery of Unsleeping Ones,” since the ascetics offered unceasing praise to God. Alexander guided the monastery on the Euphrates for twelve years. Thereafter, having left the experienced Elder Trophimus as igumen, he set off with some chosen brethren through the cities bordering on Persia, to preach the Gospel. Having arrived at Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire, he also established a monastery there with his Rule of unceasing praise. The abba died at a great old age after fifty years of monastic struggles. His death occurred in the year 430. Venerable Alexander, founder of the Monastery of the “Unsleeping Ones”, Commemorated on February 23

Hellenopolis, Syria (Edessa area)
Hellenopolis ; Venerable Patermuthius the Ascetic of Egypt, Commemorated on July 9;

Jacob's Ladder, Haran, Edessa, Syria
Jacob's Ladder, Haran ; Forefeast of the Nativity of the Mother of God, Commorated on September 7 ;

Carrhae, Armenia (modern Harran, near Edessa)
Carrhae (modern Harran) ; St Barses the Confessor, Commemorated August 25; St Abraham the Bishop of Charres in Mesopotamia, Commemorated on February 14 ;

Constantina, Armenia and Syria (Kurdish Turkey, NE of Edessa)
Constantina; Great Martyr Irene, Commemorated on May 5; was deposed by his son Sapor, who persecuted Christians with an even greater zeal than his father had done. Saint Irene went to her home town of Magedon in Persia to meet Sapor and his army, and ask him to end the persecution. When he refused, Saint Irene prayed and his entire army was blinded. She prayed again and they received their sight once more. In spite of this, Sapor refused to recognize the power of God. Because of his insolence, he was struck and killed by a bolt of lightning. this, Saint Irene walked into the city and performed many miracles. She returned to the tower built by her father, accompanied by the priest Timothy. Through her teaching, she converted five thousand people to Christ. Next, the saint went to the city of Callinicus, or Callinicum (possibly on the Euphrates River in Syria). The ruler of that place was King Numerian, the son of Sebastian. When she began to teach about Christ, she was arrested and tortured by the pagan authorities. They enclosed her inside three bronze oxen, one after another, which were heated until they were red-hot. When the Great Martyr was placed within the third ox, it began to walk about, and then it split asunder. Saint Irene emerged from it as if from the fires of hell. This resulted in thousands of souls converting to the faith of Christ. the approach of death, Numerian instructed his eparch Babdonus to continue torturing the saint in order to force her to sacrifice to idols. Once again, the tortures were ineffective, and many people turned to Christ. ’s holy martyr then traveled to the city of Constantina, forty miles northeast of Edessa. By 330, the Persian king Sapor II (309-379) had heard of Saint Irene’s great miracles. To prevent her from winning more people to Christ, she was arrested, beheaded, and then buried. However, God sent an angel to raise her up again, and she went into the city of Mesembria. After seeing her alive and hearing her preach, the local king was baptized with many of his subjects. Wishing to convert even more pagans to Christianity, Saint Irene went to Ephesus, where she taught the people and performed many miracles. The Lord revealed to her that the end of her life was approaching. Then Saint Irene left the city accompanied by six people, including her former teacher Apellian. On the outskirts of the town, she found a new tomb in which no one had ever been buried. After making the Sign of the Cross, she went inside, directing her companions to seal the entrance to the cave with a large stone, which they did. She also told them that that no one should move the stone until four days had passed. returned after only two days, and found that the stone had been rolled away and the tomb was empty. There are conflicting accounts about her holy relics being taken to Constantinople and other places, including Patras, Samos, and Patmos. According to the Western Martyrologies, Saint Irene was martyred in Thessaloniki after being thrown into the fire, while according to the Menologion of Emperor Basil II, Saint Irene completed her martyric contest by being beheaded. Irene led thousands of people to Christ through her preaching, and by her example. The Church continues to honor her memory and to seek her heavenly intercession. She is invoked by those wishing to effect a swift and happy marriage. In Greece, she is also the patron saint of policemen. Saint Irene is also one of the twelve Virgin Martyrs who appeared to Saint Seraphim of Sarov (January 2) and the Diveyevo nun Eupraxia on the Feast of the Annunciation in 1831. By her holy prayers, may the Lord have mercy upon us and save us. Amen.

Zeugma, Syria (Euphrates River 3.5)
Zeugma, Syria; St Publius the Ascetic of Syria, Commemorated January 25 ;

Kobane, Syria (Euphrates River 3.5)
Kobane, Syria;

Euphrates River 4 (Hieropolis, Syria)

Armenia, Edessa and Melitene, Euphrates River 4, Sajur River Folder

Sajur River 1

Sajur River 2

Sajur River 3

Sajur River Source (two streams at Gaziantep)

Sajur River Mouth (Hieropolis and Pethor, Euphrates River 4)

Hieropolis in Syria (Sajur River Mouth, Euphrates River 4)
Hieropolis in Syria (Euphrates River 4) 30 kilometers west of the Euphrates; Martyr Domnina with her daughters of Syria, Commemorated on October 4; Holy, All-Praised Apostle Philip, Commemorated November 14 ;

Pethor (Sajur River Mouth, Euphrates River 4)
Pethor (Sajur River Mouth, Euphrates River 4); Numbers 22:1-21. Balak Summons Balaam (from Pethor) to Curse Israel;

Euphrates River 5 (Kings Highway)

Callinicus, or Callinicum, Armenia or Syria (Euphrates River 5)
Callinicus, or Callinicum; Great Martyr Irene, Commemorated on May 5; was deposed by his son Sapor, who persecuted Christians with an even greater zeal than his father had done. Saint Irene went to her home town of Magedon in Persia to meet Sapor and his army, and ask him to end the persecution. When he refused, Saint Irene prayed and his entire army was blinded. She prayed again and they received their sight once more. In spite of this, Sapor refused to recognize the power of God. Because of his insolence, he was struck and killed by a bolt of lightning. this, Saint Irene walked into the city and performed many miracles. She returned to the tower built by her father, accompanied by the priest Timothy. Through her teaching, she converted five thousand people to Christ. Next, the saint went to the city of Callinicus, or Callinicum (possibly on the Euphrates River in Syria). The ruler of that place was King Numerian, the son of Sebastian. When she began to teach about Christ, she was arrested and tortured by the pagan authorities. They enclosed her inside three bronze oxen, one after another, which were heated until they were red-hot. When the Great Martyr was placed within the third ox, it began to walk about, and then it split asunder. Saint Irene emerged from it as if from the fires of hell. This resulted in thousands of souls converting to the faith of Christ. the approach of death, Numerian instructed his eparch Babdonus to continue torturing the saint in order to force her to sacrifice to idols. Once again, the tortures were ineffective, and many people turned to Christ. ’s holy martyr then traveled to the city of Constantina, forty miles northeast of Edessa. By 330, the Persian king Sapor II (309-379) had heard of Saint Irene’s great miracles. To prevent her from winning more people to Christ, she was arrested, beheaded, and then buried. However, God sent an angel to raise her up again, and she went into the city of Mesembria. After seeing her alive and hearing her preach, the local king was baptized with many of his subjects.

Euphrates River 6 (Chebar River Mouth)

Euphrates River 7 (Bagdagi)
Euphrates River;

Euphrates River 8 (Faluja)

Euphrates River 9 (Babylon)

Euphrates River 10

Euphrates River 11 (Samara)

Euphrates River 12

Euphrates River 13 (Tigris River)

Euphrates River Mouth (Persian Gulf)

Armenia, Northeast Turkey and West Georgia, Laze Folder

Chorokhi River

Chorokhi River 4 (Nigali Gorge)

Laze, Armenia, Capital Artvin (Chorokhi River 4)
Laz People, Laze, Armenia, Capital Artvin; Martyrs of Lazeti, Commemorated on April 29;

Armenia, Kizilirmak River Folder, Great Road from Ephesus to Euphrates, Cappadocia

Kizilirmak River

Kizilirmak River Source (Imranli)
Imranli;

Kizilirmak River 1 (Sivas or Sebastea)

Sebaste, Armenia (Kizilirmak River 1, Iris River Source)
Sebaste, Cappadocia; Hieromartyr Athenogenes the Bishop of Heracleopolis, Commemorated on July 16; Martyr Antiochus the Physician of Sebaste, Commemorated on July 16; MACRINA THE YOUNGER, MONASTIC AND TEACHER (19 JUL 379); Martyr Severian of Sebaste, Commemorated on September 9; Martyr Irenarchus at Sebaste, Commemorated on November 28 ; Martyr Eustratius at Sebaste, Commemorated December 13 ; St Modestus the Archbishop of Jerusalem, Commemorated December 18 ; St Emilia, the Mother of St Basil the Great, Commemorated on January 1 ; St Peter the Bishop of Sebaste, in Armenia, Commemorated on January 9 ; 40 Holy Martyrs of Sebaste, Commemorated on March 9;

Kizilirmak River 2 (near Charsianon Fortress)

Kizilirmak River 3 (near Pinarbasi, Cappadocia)

Kizilirmak River 4 (Caesurea (Kayseri), Cappadocia)

Cappadocia, Armenia (Central Anatolia)
Cappadocia; Martyr Hilary of Ancyra, Commemorated July 12 ; Venerable Michael of Maleinus, Commemorated on July 12 ; Martyr Marcian of Iconium, Commemorated on July 13 ; Hieromartyr Athenogenes the Bishop of Heracleopolis, Commemorated on July 16; Martyr Antiochus the Physician of Sebaste, Commemorated on July 16; MACRINA THE YOUNGER, MONASTIC AND TEACHER (19 JUL 379) ; Venerable Macrina the Sister of St Basil the Great, Commemorated on July 19 ; Venerable Anthusa the Abbess of Mantinea in Asia Minor, Commemorated on July 27; St Irene Chrysovolantou, Commemorated on July 28; Martyr Julitta at Caesarea, Commemorated July 31 ; Righteous Eudocimus of Cappadocia, Commemorated on July 31; Apostle Matthias of the Seventy, Commemorated on August 9; Hieromartyr Alexander the Bishop of Comana, Commemorated on August 12; St Simeon Stylites, the Elder, Commemorated September 1 ; Martyr Eupsychius of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on September 7 ; Martyr Severian of Sebaste, Commemorated on September 9 ; Martyr Theodota at Nicea, Commemorated on September 17 ; Hieromartyr Gregory the Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia, Commemorated on September 30; Martyr Orestes of Cappadocia, Commemorated on November 10 ; Greatmartyr Mercurius of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on November 24 ; Venerable Macrina the Sister of St Basil the Great, Commemorated on July 19; Martyr Julitta at Caesarea, Commemorated on July 31 ; Righteous Eudocimus of Cappadocia, Commemorated on July 31; St Meletius the New, Commemorated September 1 ; Martyr Mamas of Caesarea in Cappadocia, Commemorated on September 2 ; Martyr Theodotus of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on September 2 ; Martyr Theodota at Nicea, Commemorated September 17 ; Venerable Igantius the Abbot in Asia Minor, Commemorated September 27 ; 33 Holy Martyrs of Melitene, Commemorated November 6 ; Martyr Orestes of Cappadocia, Commemorated on November 10 ; St Proclus the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated on November 20 ; Icon of the Mother of God of Damascus, Commemorated on December 4 ; Venerable Sava the Sanctified, Commemorated on December 5 ; Hieromartyr Alexander the Bishop of Jerusalem, Commemorated December 12 ; Venerable Theodora of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated December 30 ; Martyr Basil of Ancyra, Commemorated January 1 ; St Basil the Great the Archbishop of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated January 1 ; St Emilia, the Mother of St Basil the Great, Commemorated on January 1 ; St Peter the Bishop of Sebaste, in Armenia, Commemorated January 9 ; Venerable Theodosius the Great, the Cenobiarch, Commemorated on January 11 ; St Nino (Nina), Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Georgia, Commemorated January 14 ; Martyr Speusippus in Cappadocia, Commemorated on January 16 ; St Macarius the Stylite of Martkobsk, Georgia, Commemorated on January 19 ; St Gregory the Theologian the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated on January 25 ; Translation of the relics of St John Chrysostom the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated January 27 ; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated on January 28 ; The Meeting of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ in the Temple, Commemorated on February 2 ; Martyr Eubulus at Caesarea, Cappadocia, February 2 ; Martyr Blaise of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated February 3 ; Virginmartyr Dorothy at Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated Febuary 6 ; Greatmartyr Theodore Stratelates ÃƒÂ¢Ã‚Â€Ã‚Âœthe GeneralÃƒÂ¢Ã‚Â€Ã‚ÂÂÂÂ, Commemorated on February 8 ; Venerable Shio Mgvime, Commemorated February 9 ; Martyr Pamphilius the Presbyter at Caesarea, in Palestine, Commemorated on February 16; St Agapitus the Confessor the Bishop of Synnada in Phrygia, Commemorated February 18 ; Martyr Victor of Phrygia, Commemorated on February 18; St Agapitus the Confessor the Bishop of Synnada in Phrygia, Commemorated February 18; St Leo of Cappadocia, Commemorated on February 28; Hieromartyr Theodotus the Bishop of Cyrenia, Commemorated on March 2; GREGORY OF NYSSA, (9 MAR 395); GREGORY THE ILLUMINATOR, APOSTLE TO ARMENIA (23 March 332); St Hypatius the Wonderworker and Bishop of Gangra, Commemorated on March 31; Martyr Sava the Goth of Wallachia, Commemorated on April 15; GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (9 MAY 389); Martyr Quadratus and the rest of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 10; Martyr Eupsychius of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on April 9; Greatmartyr, Victory-bearer and Wonderworker George, Commemorated on April 23; Venerable Thomas the Fool of Syria, Commemorated on April 24; GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (9 MAY 389); St Akaki Asistavi of Georgia, Commemorated on May 7; St Alexander the Archbishop of Jerusalem, Commemorated on May 16 ; Glorification of the Venerable Zebulon, the father of St Nino Enlightener of Georgia, Commemorated on May 20; Martyr Basiliscus the Bishop of Comana, Commemorated on May 22; Hieromartyr Therapon the Bishop of Sardis, Commemorated on May 27; St John the Russian and Confessor, whose relics are on the island of Euboia, Commemorated on May 27; Martyr Hermias at Comana, Commemorated on May 31 ; BASIL THE GREAT, BISHOP, THEOLOGIAN (14 JUNE 379); Hieromartyr Terence the Bishop of Iconium, Commemorated on June 21; Martyr Hyacinthus of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on July 3; Martyr Theodotus at Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on July 4; Martyr Kyriake of Nicomedia, Commemorated on July 7;

Caesurea (Kayseri), Armenia, Cappadocian Capital (Great Road, Kizilirmak River 4)
Caesurea, Cappadocia; Martyr Antiochus the Physician of Sebaste, Commemorated on July 16; Martyr Julitta at Caesarea, Commemorated on July 31; Martyr Mamas of Caesarea in Cappadocia, Commemorated on September 2 ; Martyr Theodotus of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on September 2; Martyr Theodotus of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on September 2 ; Martyr Eupsychius of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated September 2 ; Martyr Eupsychius of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on September 7 ; Martyr Theodota at Nicea, Commemorated September 17 ; Hieromartyr Gregory the Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia, Commemorated on September 30; Martyr Barlaam of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated November 19 ; St Amphilochius the Bishop of Iconium, Commemorated on November 23 ; Greatmartyr Mercurius of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on November 24 ; Venerable Theodora of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated December 30 ; Martyr Basil of Ancyra, Commemorated January 1 ; St Basil the Great the Archbishop of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated January 1 ; St Emilia, the Mother of St Basil the Great, Commemorated January 1 ; Martyr Gordius at Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated January 3 ; St Carterius of Caesarea in Cappadocia, Commemorated January 8 ; St Gregory the Theologian the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated January 25 ; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated on January 28 ; Martyr Eubulus at Caesarea, Cappadocia, February 2 ; Martyr Blaise of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated February 3 ; Virginmartyr Dorothy at Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated Febuary 6 ; GREGORY OF NYSSA, (9 MAR 395); Martyr Quadratus and the rest of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 10; GREGORY THE ILLUMINATOR, APOSTLE TO ARMENIA (23 March 332); Martyr Eupsychius of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on April 9; Venerable Thomas the Fool of Syria, Commemorated on April 24; GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (9 MAY 389); BASIL THE GREAT, BISHOP, THEOLOGIAN (14 JUNE 379); Martyr Hyacinthus of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on July 3; Martyr Theodotus at Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on July 4;

Maza, temporary name of Caesarea (Kayseri) Armenia, by Julian the Apostate
Maza, temporary name of Caesarea (Kayseri) Armenia, by Julian the Apostate Eupsychius was filled with zeal for the Lord, and he destroyed the temple. He knew that this would inevitably result in his punishment. Saint Eupsychius distributed all his possessions to the poor and prepared himself for martyrdom. enraged emperor Julian loosed his wrath not only upon Saint Eupsychius, but against all the inhabitants of this city. Some of the citizens were executed, while the more respectable were sent into exile. Christian clergy were drafted into military service, and he looted the churches of anything valuable. The city was deprived of its title Caesarea [i.e. “Imperial”] and resumed its original name of Maza. He also imposed a severe tax on the inhabitants. The emperor threatened to annihilate the city altogether, if the people did not build a new pagan temple in place of the one destroyed. tried to compel Saint Eupsychius to offer sacrifice to idols. For many days they tormented the saint on a rack, and also with iron claws. But his faith was firm, and the judge sentenced the martyr to be beheaded with a sword. Julian embarked on a campaign against the Persians, marching through Cappadocia and approaching Caesarea. Danger threatened the city, since the emperor intended to raze it to its foundations. But then Saint Basil the Great (January 1), showing Julian the proper respect as sovereign authority, came out to meet him carrying with him three loaves of barley bread, which he ate. The emperor ordered his retainers to take the loaves, and to give Saint Basil a pinch of hay saying, “You have given us barley, cattle fodder. Now receive hay from us in return.” saint answered, “O Emperor, we bring you that which we ourselves eat, and you give us cattle feed. You mock us, since you, by your might, are not able to transform hay into bread, the essential food of mankind.” angrily retorted, “I’ll shove this hay down your throat when I return here from Persia. I shall raze this city to its very foundations, and plow over this ground and turn it into a field. I know that it was on your advice that the people dared to destroy the statues and temple of Fortuna.” this the emperor continued on his way, but soon perished in his campaign against the Persians. He was struck down in the year 363 by the holy Great Martyr Mercurius (November 24). the emperor’s demise, the Christians of the city of Caesarea built a splendid church over the grave of Saint Eupsychius, and from his holy relics they received help and healing. Caesurea, Cappadocia; Martyr Eupsychius of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on April 9; Holy Martyr Eupsychius was born in the city of Caesarea in Cappadocia and received a Christian upbringing by his illustrious parents. the reign of Julian the Apostate (361-363), Saint Eupsychius entered into a Christian marriage. Caesarea there was a pagan temple to the goddess Fortuna, whom Julian the Apostate revered. As Eupsychius was going to his wedding, the pagans were offering sacrifice to the goddess Fortuna. Eupsychius was filled with zeal for the Lord, and he destroyed the temple. He knew that this would inevitably result in his punishment. Saint Eupsychius distributed all his possessions to the poor and prepared himself for martyrdom. enraged emperor Julian loosed his wrath not only upon Saint Eupsychius, but against all the inhabitants of this city. Some of the citizens were executed, while the more respectable were sent into exile. Christian clergy were drafted into military service, and he looted the churches of anything valuable. The city was deprived of its title Caesarea [i.e. “Imperial”] and resumed its original name of Maza. He also imposed a severe tax on the inhabitants. The emperor threatened to annihilate the city altogether, if the people did not build a new pagan temple in place of the one destroyed. tried to compel Saint Eupsychius to offer sacrifice to idols. For many days they tormented the saint on a rack, and also with iron claws. But his faith was firm, and the judge sentenced the martyr to be beheaded with a sword. Julian embarked on a campaign against the Persians, marching through Cappadocia and approaching Caesarea. Danger threatened the city, since the emperor intended to raze it to its foundations. But then Saint Basil the Great (January 1), showing Julian the proper respect as sovereign authority, came out to meet him carrying with him three loaves of barley bread, which he ate. The emperor ordered his retainers to take the loaves, and to give Saint Basil a pinch of hay saying, “You have given us barley, cattle fodder. Now receive hay from us in return.” saint answered, “O Emperor, we bring you that which we ourselves eat, and you give us cattle feed. You mock us, since you, by your might, are not able to transform hay into bread, the essential food of mankind.” angrily retorted, “I’ll shove this hay down your throat when I return here from Persia. I shall raze this city to its very foundations, and plow over this ground and turn it into a field. I know that it was on your advice that the people dared to destroy the statues and temple of Fortuna.” this the emperor continued on his way, but soon perished in his campaign against the Persians. He was struck down in the year 363 by the holy Great Martyr Mercurius (November 24). the emperor’s demise, the Christians of the city of Caesarea built a splendid church over the grave of Saint Eupsychius, and from his holy relics they received help and healing.

Comana, Armenia (Pontica, Armenia, Cappadocia or Cilicia, Zamanti Seyhan River Valley)
Comana (Cappadocia); Hieromartyr Alexander the Bishop of Comana, Commemorated on August 12; St Proclus the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated on November 20 ; Translation of the relics of St John Chrysostom the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated January 27 ; Martyr Basiliscus the Bishop of Comana, Commemorated on May 22; Third Finding of the Honorable Head of the Holy Glorious Prophet, Forerunner and Baptist John, Commemorated on May 25; Martyr Hermias at Comana, Commemorated on May 31;

Mount Argeos, Armenia
Mount Argeos; Hieromartyr Blaise the Bishop of Sebaste, Commemorated February 11;

Prokopion, Armenia, Asia Minor
Prokopion (renamed Urgup by the Turks) ; St John the Russian and Confessor, whose relics are on the island of Euboia, Commemorated on May 27;

Sasima, Armenia
Sasima, St Basil the Great made St Gregory bishop of the city of Sasima, a small town between Caesarea and Tyana. ; St Gregory the Theologian the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated January 25 ; GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (9 MAY 389) ;

Nazianzos, Cappadocia, Armenia (Great Road from Ephesus)
Nazianzos; St Gregory the Theologian the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated January 25 ; GREGORY OF NYSSA, (9 MAR 395); GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (9 MAY 389) ; Saint Caesarius, brother of Saint Gregory the Theologian, Commemorated on March 9;

Tyana, Armenia, Cappadocia and Cilicia
Tyana the Hittite Capital; Martyr Orestes of Cappadocia, Commemorated on November 10 ; St Gregory the Theologian the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated January 25 ; BASIL THE GREAT, BISHOP, THEOLOGIAN (14 JUNE 379) ; GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (9 MAY 389);

Kizilrmak River 5 (Nyssa, Cappadocia)

Nyssa, Cappadocia, Armenia (Kizilirmak River 5)
Nyssa, Cappadocia; MACRINA THE YOUNGER, MONASTIC AND TEACHER (19 JUL 379) ; Venerable Macrina the Sister of St Basil the Great, Commemorated on July 19 ; St Gregory the Wonderworker of Neocaesarea, Commemorated November 17 ; St Emilia, the Mother of St Basil the Great, Commemorated on January 1 ; St Peter the Bishop of Sebaste, in Armenia, Commemorated January 9 ; St Gregory the Bishop of Nyssa, Commemorated January 10; Blessed Theosebia the Deaconess, sister of Sts Basil the Great and Gregory of Nyssa, Commemorated January 10 ; The Meeting of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ in the Temple, Commemorated on February 2 ; GREGORY OF NYSSA, (9 MAR 395);

Kizilirmak River 6 (Paphlagonia)

Armenia, Ceyhan River Folder, Eastern Cilicia

Ceyhan River

Ceyan River 2nd Source

Ceyan River Source (along the border)

Lake Zagura, Cilicia
Lake Zagura; Finding of the Icon of the Mother of God at the Miasena Monastery, Commemorated September 1 ; Martyr Kyriake of Nicomedia, Commemorated on July 7;

Miasena Monastery Celicia, near Melitene Armenia
Miasena Monastery ; Finding of the Icon of the Mother of God at the Miasena Monastery, Commemorated September 1 ; Uncovering of the relics St Acacius the Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated on September 15; Martyr Kyriake of Nicomedia, Commemorated on July 7;

Ceyhan River Source 2

Ceyan River 1

Ceyan River 2 (Cucusus)

Cucusus, Armenia and Cilicia (near Ceyan River 2), Remote place of several exiles
Cucusus, Syria (near Ceyan River 2), Remote place of several exiles; St. Paul the Confessor the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated on November 6;

Cucusus, Armenia, Cappadocian Cucusus in the Taurian wilderness
Cucusus, Cappadocian Cucusus in the Taurian wilderness; Saint Paul the Confessor, Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated on November 6;

Ceyan River 3

Ceyan River 4

Arabian Plate and Cilicia
Arabian Plate and Cilicia; Martyr and Unmercenary Cosmas and his brother in Cilicia, Commemorated on October 17;

Amanus Mountains, Cilicia
Amanus Mountains

Gulf of Isska, Eastern Cilicia, Armenia, near the city of Ossos
Gulf of Isska, near the city of Ossos; Saint Theodosius of Antioch, Commemorated on January 11;

Ceyan River 10 (Anazarbus)

Anazarbus, Cilicia (Aleian plain, Ceyhan River 10)
Anazarbus (Aleian plain, Ceyhan River); Martyr Domnina of Anazarbus, Commemorated on October 12 ; Marinus the Elder at Anazarbus, Commemorated October 18 ; Martyr Helladius in Cilicia, Commemorated February 5 ; Martyr Theodula of Anazarbus in Cilicia, Commemorated February 5 ; Martyr Julian of Anazarbus, Commemorated on March 16

Aleian plain, Cilicia
Aleian plain;

Isso (Sis), Cilicia (Aleian River Plain, Ceyhan River 10)
Sis (Isso), Cilicia (Aleian River Plain, Ceyhan River 10); Isso in Cilicia, Sis (Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia) ; St. Simeon Stylites, the Elder, Commemorated on September 1; Venerable Martha the Mother of St Simeon Stylites, Commemorated on September 1; Martyr Aristion the Bishop of Alexandria, Commemorated September 3 ;

Ceyan River 11 (Adana)

Ceyan River 12 (Colophon)

Colophon, Cilicia (Ceyhan River Mouth)
Colophon, Cilicia ; Apostle Onesiphorus of the Seventy, Commemorated September 7 ;

Ceyhan (Prymus) River Mouth (Mediterranean Sea)
Ceyhan River;

Aegeae, Cilicia (Ceyhan River Mouth)
Aegeae, Cilicia; Cilicia, 250-287, Unmercenaries, Saints, Cosmos and Damien; Venerable Joseph of Zaonikiev Monastery, Vologda, Commemorated on September 21; Martyr Claudius of Aegae in Cilicia, Commemorated on October 29; Martyr Zenobia of Aegae in Cilicia, Commemorated on October 30; Wonderworker and Unmercenary Cosmas of Asia Minor, Commemorated on November 1 ; Wonderworker and Unmercenary Damian of Mesopotamia, Commemorated on November 1 ;

Armenia, Paphlagonia Folder, Western Pontine

Paphlagonia Region, Pontaine, Armenia (Gangra River, lower Kizilirmak River drainage)
Paphlagonia Region; Hieromartyr Pancratius the Bishop of Taormina in Sicily, Commemorated on July 9 ; Venerable Anthusa the Abbess of Mantinea in Asia Minor, Commemorated on July 27; 90 Venerable Sisters of Mantinea in Asia Minor, Commemorated on July 27; Martyr Callinicus of Gangra in Asia Minor, Commemorated on July 29; Martyr Mamas of Caesarea in Cappadocia, Commemorated on September 2 ; Martyr Theodotus of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on September 2 ; Martyr Macrobius at Tomis in Romania, Commemorated on September 13; St Hypatius of Gangra, Commemorated on November 16; Martyr Macrobius at Tomis in Romania; St Nicetas the Confessor of Paphlagonia, Commemorated on October 13 ; Venerable Alypius the Stylite of Adrianopolis, Commemorated on November 26 ; Venerable Stylianus of Paphlagonia, Commemorated on November 26 ; Righteous Philaret the Merciful of Amnia in Asia Minor, Commemorated December 1 ; Martyr Gemellus of Paphlagonia, Commemorated on December 10 ; St Niphon the Bishop of Cyprus, Commemorated December 23 ; Hieromartyr Clement the Bishop of Ancyra, Commemorated on January 23 ; Martyr Agathangelus, Commemorated on January 23; Venerable Simeon the New Theologian, Commemorated on March 12; St Hypatius the Wonderworker and Bishop of Gangra, Commemorated on March 31; Martyr Calliopius at Pompeiopolis in Cilicia, Commemorated on April 7 ;

Armenia, Paphlagonia, Lycus River Folder, Farwestern Pontine

Lycus River of Bithynia (and Paphlagonia)

Amastris, Pontus, Armenia
Amastridia; Martyr Hyacinthus of Amastris, Commemorated on July 18 ; St George the Bishop of Amastris on the Black Sea, Commemorated February 21 ; St John the Bishop of the Goths in the Crimea, Commemorated on May 19; St John the Bishop of the Goths in the Crimea, Commemorated on June 26;

Amastridia, Pontus, Armenia
Amastridia; Martyr Hyacinthus of Amastris, Commemorated on July 18 ; St George the Bishop of Amastris on the Black Sea, Commemorated February 21 ; St John the Bishop of the Goths in the Crimea, Commemorated on May 19; St John the Bishop of the Goths in the Crimea, Commemorated on June 26;

Heraclea, Pontica, Armenia (Lycus River Mouth, Black Sea)
Heraclea Pontica (Lycus River Mouth, Black Sea) ; St Sebastiana the Martyr and Disciple of St Paul the Apostle at Heraclea, Commemorated on September 16; Greatmartyr Theodore Stratelates "the General", Commemorated February 8 ; Translation of the relics of the Greatmartyr Theodore Stratelates, Commemorated on June 8;

Armenia, Paphlagonia, Lower Kizilirmak River Folder

Mantinea in Paphlagonia Asia Minor
Mantinea Asia Minor is somewhere in the Paphlagonia Region; Mantinea in Greece ; Regions of Ancient Greece - Asia Minor; Asia Minor; Venerable Anthusa the Abbess of Mantinea in Asia Minor, Commemorated July 27; 90 Venerable Sisters of Mantinea in Asia Minor, Commemorated July 27 ;

Pompeiopolis, Paphlagonia
Pompeiopolis, Paphlagonia; The exact location of Pompeiopolis, Paphlagonia is 45 km north of Kastamonu, to the north of TaÃƒÂ…Ã‚ÂŸkÃƒÂƒÃ‚Â¶prÃƒÂƒÃ‚Â¼, in the valley of the GÃƒÂƒÃ‚Â¶kÃƒÂ„Ã‚Â±rmak (Roman name Amnias, or Amneus). Martyr Calliopius at Pompeiopolis in Cilicia, Commemorated on April 7;

Adrianopolis, Paphlogonia
Adrianopolis, Paphlogonia; Venerable Alypius the Stylite of Adrianopolis, Commemorated on November 26 ; Venerable Stylianus of Paphlagonia, Commemorated on November 26 ; Righteous Philaret the Merciful of Amnia in Asia Minor, Commemorated on December 1 ;

Black Sea (Varangian Sea, Romania to Georgia)
Black Sea (Varangian Sea, Romania to Georgia); Note: Wikipedia assumes the Varangian Sea was the Baltic Sea, but the stories of the saints refer to the Black Sea as the Varangian Sea. Varangians; Varangian Sea (Black Sea), Both Sides of Varangian Sea (Romania and Georgia); St Olga the Princess of Russia, in Holy Baptism Called Helen, Commemorated on July 11; Translation of the relics of the Hieromartyr Phocas the Bishop of Sinope, Commemorated on July 22 ; Venerable Gregory of Sinai, Mt. Athos, Commemorated on August 8; The Protection of our Most Holy Lady the Mother of God and Ever-Virgin Mary, Commemorated on October 1; Repose of St Alexander Nevsky, Commemorated November 23 ; Apostle Andrew, the Holy and All-Praised First-Called, Commemorated November 30; Hieromartyr Basil of Cherson, Commemorated on March 7; St Theophylactus the Bishop of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 8; Virginmartyr Alexandra of Amisus, Commemorated on March 20; Martyr Rufinus the Deacon at Sinope, Commemorated on April 7; Apostle Simon Zealotes, Commemorated on May 10 ; Martyr Orentius, one of the seven martyred brothers in Georgia, Commemorated on June 24 ; The Placing of the Honorable Robe of the Most Holy Mother of God at Blachernae, Commemorated on July 2;

Varangian Sea (Black Sea, Romania to Georgia)
Black Sea; Note: Wikipedia assumes the Varangian Sea was the Baltic Sea, but the stories of the saints refer to the Black Sea as the Varangian Sea. Varangians; Varangian Sea (Black Sea), Both Sides of Varangian Sea (Romania and Georgia); St Olga the Princess of Russia, in Holy Baptism Called Helen, Commemorated on July 11; Translation of the relics of the Hieromartyr Phocas the Bishop of Sinope, Commemorated on July 22 ; The Protection of our Most Holy Lady the Mother of God and Ever-Virgin Mary, Commemorated on October 1 ; Repose of St Alexander Nevsky, Commemorated November 23 ; Apostle Andrew, the Holy and All-Praised First-Called, Commemorated November 30; Hieromartyr Basil of Cherson, Commemorated on March 7; St Theophylactus the Bishop of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 8; Virginmartyr Alexandra of Amisus, Commemorated on March 20; Martyr Rufinus the Deacon at Sinope, Commemorated on April 7; Apostle Simon Zealotes, Commemorated on May 10; Martyr Orentius, one of the seven martyred brothers in Georgia, Commemorated on June 24 ; The Placing of the Honorable Robe of the Most Holy Mother of God at Blachernae, Commemorated on July 2;

Kizilirmak River 7 (Paphlagonia)

Armenia, Paphlagonia, Pontine, Lower Kizilirmak River 7, Gangra River Folder

Gangra River

Gangra River Source (along the border)

Gangra, Paphlagonia, Armenia (rich well watered valley, Gangra River)
Gangra; Martyr Callinicus of Gangra in Asia Minor, Commemorated on July 29; Martyr Theodotus of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on September 2 ; Martyr Callinicus of Gangra in Asia Minor; St Hypatius of Gangra, Commemorated on November 16; Martyr Eustathius of Nicea, Commemorated on November 20 ; Venerable Alypius the Stylite of Adrianopolis, Commemorated on November 26 ; Venerable Stylianus of Paphlagonia, Commemorated on November 26 ; Righteous Philaret the Merciful of Amnia in Asia Minor, Commemorated December 1 ; Martyr Gemellus of Paphlagonia, Commemorated on December 10; Hieromartyr Clement the Bishop of Ancyra, Commemorated on January 23 ; Martyr Agathangelus, Commemorated on January 23; Martyr Eustathius of Nicea; St Hypatius the Wonderworker and Bishop of Gangra, Commemorated on March 31; St Hypatius the Wonderworker and Bishop of Gangra, Commemorated on March 31; Martyr Calliopius at Pompeiopolis in Cilicia, Commemorated on April 7 ;

Gangra River Mouth (Kizilirmak River 7)

Battle of the River Amnia (89 BC)
Battle of the River Amnia; Righteous Philaret the Merciful of Amnia in Asia Minor, Commemorated December 1 ;

Armenia, Paphlagonia, Pontine, Lower Kizilirmak River 7, Amnia River Folder

Amnia River

Amnia River Region
Amnia River Region is on the Amnia River near the Battle of Amnia; Righteous Philaret the Merciful of Amnia in Asia Minor, Commemorated December 1 ;

Amnia River Source (Kasaba, Paphlagonia)

Pompeiopolis, Paphlagonia, Armenia (Amnia River Source)
Pompeiopolis, Paphlagonia; Martyr Calliopius at Pompeiopolis in Cilicia, Commemorated on April 7;

Amnia River 1

Amnia River 2

Amnia River 3

Amnia River Mouth (Kizilirmak River 7)

Amnia, Paphlagonia, Armenia (probably here at the mouth of the Amnia River)
Amnia (probably here at the mouth of the Amnia River); Amnia River Region is on the Amnia River near the Battle of Amnia; Righteous Philaret the Merciful of Amnia in Asia Minor, Commemorated December 1 ;

Kizilirmak River 8 (Paphlagonia)

Kizilirmak River Mouth (Black Sea)

Sinope, Paphlagonia, Armenia (Pontine Capital, near Kizilirmak River Mouth, Black Sea)
Sinope, Turkey (Black Sea); Translation of the relics of the Hieromartyr Phocas the Bishop of Sinope, Commemorated on July 22 ; Apostle Matthias of the Seventy, Commemorated August 9 ; Cappadocian city of Tianum and Sinope; Hieromartyr Phocas the Bishop of Sinope, Commemorated on September 22 ; Martyr Phocas the Gardener of Sinope, Commemorated on September 22 ; Apostle Philologus of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 5 ; St Paul the Confessor the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated on November 6 ; Apostle Andrew, the Holy and All-Praised First-Called, Commemorated on November 30 ; Martyr Rufinus the Deacon at Sinope, Commemorated on April 7; Righteous Virginmartyr Glaphyra, Commemorated on April 26;

Armenia, Silk Road to Great Road and Yerevan Trade Route Folder

Silk Road Great Road Trade Route

Silk Road Great Road Trade Route 1 - Trebizond, Pontine, Armenia (Black Sea, Silk Road, Harsit River)
Trebizond (Black Sea, Silk Road) ; Apostle Herodion of the Seventy, and those with Him, Commemorated on April 8; looking up Patara in Herodion's story, I discovered the Armenian trade route North to South from Silk Road at Trebizond to Great Road at Melitene, Samosata and Edessa and then East to West from Edessa to Yerevan along the Upper Euphrates. still do not know if this is the correct Patera for Herodion's story, but it was an important high point and fort along an important Trade Route Apostle Matthias of the Seventy, Commemorated on August 9 ; Venerable Theodosius the Metropolitan of Trebizond, Commemorated on January 11 ; Martyr Neophytus of Nicea, Commemorated January 21; Martyr Eugene at Trebizond; Hieromartyr Theodore of Atchara, Commemorated February 17; St George the Bishop of Amastris on the Black Sea, Commemorated February 21 ; New Martyr John the New of Sochi, who suffered at Belgrade, Commemorated on June 2; Venerable Athanasius the Founder of the Great Lavra and Coenobitic Monasticism on Mt. Athos, Commemorated on July 5;

Sild Road, Great Road Trade Route 2 - Patara (high point, Pontine, Armenia)
Patara (Cappadocia); city lay on the major trade road from Trapezus on the Black Sea to Satala, and thence to Lake Van. Apostle Herodion of the Seventy, and those with Him, Commemorated on April 8; looking up Patara in Herodion's story, I discovered the Armenian trade route North to South from Silk Road at Trebizond to Great Road at Melitene, Samosata and Edessa and then East to West from Edessa to Yerevan along the Upper Euphrates. still do not know if this is the correct Patera for Herodion's story, but it was an important high point and fort along an important Trade Route

Patara (Cappadocia) (on Trade Route connecting Silk Road at Trebazond to Great Road and Euphrates at Mietelene and Samosata)
Patara (Cappadocia); city lay on the major trade road from Trapezus on the Black Sea to Satala, and thence to Lake Van. Apostle Herodion of the Seventy, and those with Him, Commemorated on April 8; looking up Patara in Herodion's story, I discovered the Armenian trade route North to South from Silk Road at Trebizond to Great Road at Melitene, Samosata and Edessa and then East to West from Edessa to Yerevan along the Upper Euphrates. still do not know if this is the correct Patera for Herodion's story, but it was an important high point and fort along an important Trade Route

Silk Road Great Road Trade Route 3 - Satala, Pontine, Armenia (on the road from Trabzon to Samosata and Lake Van)
Satala, Pontine, Armenia; Apostle Herodion of the Seventy, and those with Him, Commemorated on April 8; looking up Patara in Herodion's story, I discovered the Armenian trade route North to South from Silk Road at Trebizond to Great Road at Melitene, Samosata and Edessa and then East to West from Edessa to Yerevan along the Upper Euphrates. still do not know if this is the correct Patera for Herodion's story, but it was an important high point and fort along an important Trade Route

Silk Road to Great Road Trade Route 4 - Kemah Fortress, a high point
Kemah Fortress, a high point ; Apostle Herodion of the Seventy, and those with Him, Commemorated on April 8; looking up Patara in Herodion's story, I discovered the Armenian trade route North to South from Silk Road at Trebizond to Great Road at Melitene, Samosata and Edessa and then East to West from Edessa to Yerevan along the Upper Euphrates. still do not know if this is the correct Patera for Herodion's story, but it was an important high point and fort along an important Trade Route

Silk Road Great Road Trade Route 5 - Melitene, Armenia (Intersection Road from Ephesus and Euphrates River 2)
Malatya; Apostle Herodion of the Seventy, and those with Him, Commemorated on April 8; looking up Patara in Herodion's story, I discovered the Armenian trade route North to South from Silk Road at Trebizond to Great Road at Melitene, Samosata and Edessa and then East to West from Edessa to Yerevan along the Upper Euphrates. still do not know if this is the correct Patera for Herodion's story, but it was an important high point and fort along an important Trade Route Finding of the Icon of the Mother of God at the Miasena Monastery, Commemorated September 1 ; Uncovering of the relics St Acacius the Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated on September 15; Martyr Polyeuctus of Melitene, in Armenia, Commemorated on January 9 ; Martyr Kyriake of Nicomedia; Martyr Eudoxius; St Acacius the Confessor, Commemorated on March 31; St Acacius the Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated on April 17; St Eutychius the Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated on May 28;

Great Road To Yerevan Trade Route Folder - via Upper Euphrates

Great Road to Yerevan Armenia Trade Route via Upper Euphrates River

Great Road to Yerevan Armenia via Euphrates River Trade Route 1 - Samosata and Edessa, Armenia (Euphrates River 3)
Samosata; Apostle Herodion of the Seventy, and those with Him, Commemorated on April 8; looking up Patara in Herodion's story, I discovered the Armenian trade route North to South from Silk Road at Trebizond to Great Road at Melitene, Samosata and Edessa and then East to West from Edessa to Yerevan along the Upper Euphrates. still do not know if this is the correct Patera for Herodion's story, but it was an important high point and fort along an important Trade Route Martyr Lucian the Presbyter of Antioch, Commemorated on October 15; St Gregory the Wonderworker of Neocaesarea, Commemorated on November 17 ; Venerable Daniel the Stylite of Constantinople, Commemorated on December 11 ; Martyr Romanus at Samosata, Commemorated January 29 ; St Rabulas of Samosata, Commemorated February 19 ; Hieromartyr Eusebius the Bishop of Samosata, Commemorated on June 22;

Great Road to Yerevan Trade Route 2 - Melitene, Armenia (Intersection Road from Ephesus and Euphrates River 2)
Malatya; Apostle Herodion of the Seventy, and those with Him, Commemorated on April 8; looking up Patara in Herodion's story, I discovered the Armenian trade route North to South from Silk Road at Trebizond to Great Road at Melitene, Samosata and Edessa and then East to West from Edessa to Yerevan along the Upper Euphrates. still do not know if this is the correct Patera for Herodion's story, but it was an important high point and fort along an important Trade Route Finding of the Icon of the Mother of God at the Miasena Monastery, Commemorated September 1 ; Uncovering of the relics St Acacius the Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated on September 15; Martyr Polyeuctus of Melitene, in Armenia, Commemorated on January 9 ; Martyr Kyriake of Nicomedia; Martyr Eudoxius; St Acacius the Confessor, Commemorated on March 31; St Acacius the Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated on April 17; St Eutychius the Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated on May 28;

Great Road to Yerevan Trade Route 3 - Armenia, 1071, Battle of Manzikert at Lake Van on Upper Euphrates
Armenia, Battle of Manzikert 1071; Apostle Herodion of the Seventy, and those with Him, Commemorated on April 8; looking up Patara in Herodion's story, I discovered the Armenian trade route North to South from Silk Road at Trebizond to Great Road at Melitene, Samosata and Edessa and then East to West from Edessa to Yerevan along the Upper Euphrates. still do not know if this is the correct Patera for Herodion's story, but it was an important high point and fort along an important Trade Route

Great Road to Yerevan Trade Route 3 - Lake Van, Taron Region
Lake Van; Apostle Herodion of the Seventy, and those with Him, Commemorated on April 8; looking up Patara in Herodion's story, I discovered the Armenian trade route North to South from Silk Road at Trebizond to Great Road at Melitene, Samosata and Edessa and then East to West from Edessa to Yerevan along the Upper Euphrates. still do not know if this is the correct Patera for Herodion's story, but it was an important high point and fort along an important Trade Route Taron Region; Arab Muslim Conquest of Armenia 639;

Great Road to Yerevan Trade Route 4 - Euphrates River Source (Murat River Source)
Murat River Source, the Major Source of the Euphrates; Apostle Herodion of the Seventy, and those with Him, Commemorated on April 8; looking up Patara in Herodion's story, I discovered the Armenian trade route North to South from Silk Road at Trebizond to Great Road at Melitene, Samosata and Edessa and then East to West from Edessa to Yerevan along the Upper Euphrates. still do not know if this is the correct Patera for Herodion's story, but it was an important high point and fort along an important Trade Route Apostle Herodion of the Seventy, and those with Him, Commemorated on April 8;

Great Road to Yervan Trade Route 5 - Erevan (Yerevan Fortress, Melitene)
Erevan (Yerevan Fortress, Melitene); Apostle Herodion of the Seventy, and those with Him, Commemorated on April 8; looking up Patara in Herodion's story, I discovered the Armenian trade route North to South from Silk Road at Trebizond to Great Road at Melitene, Samosata and Edessa and then East to West from Edessa to Yerevan along the Upper Euphrates. still do not know if this is the correct Patera for Herodion's story, but it was an important high point and fort along an important Trade Route Arab Muslim Conquest of Armenia 639;