Armenia Folder, its rivers and mountains, Greater A includes Pontine, Cappadocia, Edessa, Georgia.kmz

Armenia Folder, its rivers and mountains, Greater A includes Pontine, Cappadocia, Edessa, Georgia

Armenia, 331 BC-428 AD, Great Armenia, including Christian Armenia from 1st Century
Great Armenia, Kingdom of Armenia was bordered by Caucasian Albania in the east, by Caucasian Iberia in the north, by the Roman Empire in the west and by Parthia, later succeeded by Sassanid Empire. The border between Caucasian Iberia and Kingdom of Armenia was Kur river, which was also the border between Caucasian Albania and Kingdom of Armenia ; Righteous Eudocimus of Cappadocia, Commemorated on July 31; Martyr Eudoxius, Commemorated September 6 ; Martyr Romulus and with him many others, Commemorated on September 6; New Martyr Isaac of Georgia, Commemorated on September 16 ; Hieromartyr Gregory the Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia, Commemorated September 30 ; Venerable George the Scribe, of Khakhuli, Commemorated on December 19 ; Hieromartyr Gregory the Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia, Commemorated September 30 ; St Emilia, the Mother of St Basil the Great, Commemorated on January 1 ; St Peter the Bishop of Sebaste, in Armenia, Commemorated January 9 ; St Dometian the Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated January 10 ; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated on January 28 ; 40 Holy Martyrs of Sebaste, Commemorated on March 9; St Acacius the Confessor, Commemorated on March 31; GENOCIDE REMEMBRANCE 1915-1923, Commemorated April 24; MARTYRS OF ARMENIA, 24 April 1915 ; Righteous Virginmartyr Glaphyra, Commemorated on April 26; Apostle Bartholomew of the Twelve, Commemorated on June 11 ;

Great Armenia, 331 BC-428 AD, buffer state between Roman Empire and Persia
Great Armenia, Kingdom of Armenia was bordered by Caucasian Albania in the east, by Caucasian Iberia in the north, by the Roman Empire in the west and by Parthia, later succeeded by Sassanid Empire. The border between Caucasian Iberia and Kingdom of Armenia was Kur river, which was also the border between Caucasian Albania and Kingdom of Armenia ; Righteous Eudocimus of Cappadocia, Commemorated on July 31; Martyr Eudoxius, Commemorated September 6 ; Martyr Romulus and with him many others, Commemorated on September 6; New Martyr Isaac of Georgia, Commemorated on September 16 ; Hieromartyr Gregory the Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia, Commemorated September 30 ; Venerable George the Scribe, of Khakhuli, Commemorated on December 19 ; Hieromartyr Gregory the Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia, Commemorated September 30 ; St Emilia, the Mother of St Basil the Great, Commemorated on January 1 ; St Peter the Bishop of Sebaste, in Armenia, Commemorated January 9 ; St Dometian the Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated January 10 ; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated on January 28 ; 40 Holy Martyrs of Sebaste, Commemorated on March 9; St Acacius the Confessor, Commemorated on March 31; GENOCIDE REMEMBRANCE 1915-1923, Commemorated April 24; MARTYRS OF ARMENIA, 24 April 1915 ; Righteous Virginmartyr Glaphyra, Commemorated on April 26; Apostle Bartholomew of the Twelve, Commemorated on June 11 ;

Armenia, Eastern part of the Roman Empire, Artaz Region, High Point, Ephrates River Source
Eastern part of the Roman Empire ; Hieromartyr Helladius the Bishop in the East, Commemorated on May 28;

Armenia, Country between Kura and Tigrus Rivers
Great Armenia, Kingdom of Armenia was bordered by Caucasian Albania in the east, by Caucasian Iberia in the north, by the Roman Empire in the west and by Parthia, later succeeded by Sassanid Empire. The border between Caucasian Iberia and Kingdom of Armenia was Kur river, which was also the border between Caucasian Albania and Kingdom of Armenia ; Righteous Eudocimus of Cappadocia, Commemorated on July 31; Martyr Eudoxius, Commemorated September 6 ; New Martyr Isaac of Georgia, Commemorated on September 16 ; Hieromartyr Gregory the Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia, Commemorated September 30 ; Venerable George the Scribe, of Khakhuli, Commemorated on December 19 ; Hieromartyr Gregory the Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia, Commemorated September 30 ; St Emilia, the Mother of St Basil the Great, Commemorated on January 1 ; St Peter the Bishop of Sebaste, in Armenia, Commemorated January 9 ; St Dometian the Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated January 10 ; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated on January 28 ; 40 Holy Martyrs of Sebaste, Commemorated on March 9; St Acacius the Confessor, Commemorated on March 31; GENOCIDE REMEMBRANCE 1915-1923, Commemorated April 24; MARTYRS OF ARMENIA, 24 April 1915 ; Righteous Virginmartyr Glaphyra, Commemorated on April 26; Apostle Bartholomew of the Twelve, Commemorated on June 11 ;

Armenia, Greater Armenia Area till 461, Buffer State for Western Roman Empire
Greater Armenia till 461, buffer state for Western Roman Empire, also includes Pontine and Cappadocia as revealed in many Saints' stories;

Zargos Mountains - Around the Fertile Crescent
Zargos Mountains, around the Fertile Crescent;

Armenia, a highland plateau, Aras River Valley, behind Mount Ararat
Armenia; Mount Ararat; Armenian Plateau; Aras River; 45 Holy Martyrs at Nicopolis in Armenia, Commemorated on July 10; St Tsotne Dadiani the Confessor, Commemorated on July 30 ; Righteous Eudocimus of Cappadocia, Commemorated on July 31; Martyr Dometius of Persia, Commemorated on August 7; Translation of the relics of St Maximus the Confessor, Commemorated on August 13; Hieromartyr Emilian, Commemorated on August 18 ; Hieromartyr Emilian, Commemorated on August 18 ; Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy, Commemorated on August 21 ; Appearance of the Mother of God to St Sergius of Radonezh, Commemorated on August 24; BARTHOLOMEW THE APOSTLE, (24 AUGUST NT) ; Finding of the Icon of the Mother of God at the Miasena Monastery, Commemorated September 1 ; Martyr Romulus and with him many others, Commemorated September 6 ; Martyr Eudoxius, Commemorated September 6 ; Martyr Severian of Sebaste, Commemorated on September 9 ; Uncovering of the relics St Acacius the Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated on September 15; New Martyr Isaac of Georgia, Commemorated on September 16 ; Hieromartyr Gregory the Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia, Commemorated September 30 ; Martyr Rhipsime of Armenia, Commemorated September 30 ; In 1227 Sultan Jalal al-Din of Khwarazm and his army of Turkmen attacked Georgia ; 100,000 Martyrs of Tbilisi by the Mongols, Commemorated on October 31 ; Venerable Theodore the Confessor the Abbot of the Studion, Commemorated on November 11 ; St John Chrysostom the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated on November 13 ; Holy, All-Praised Apostle Philip, Commemorated on November 14 ; Hieromartyr Gregory (Peradze) of Georgia, Commemorated on November 23 ; Venerable Nikon œMetanoeite,Â the Preacher of Repentance, Commemorated on November 26 ; St Jesse, Bishop of Tsilkan in Georgia, Commemorated on December 2 ; St John the Silent of St Sabbas Monastery, Commemorated on December 3 ; Venerable George the Scribe, of Khakhuli, Commemorated on December 19 ; St Emilia, the Mother of St Basil the Great, Commemorated on January 1 ; Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy, Commemorated January 4 ; St Peter the Bishop of Sebaste, in Armenia, Commemorated January 9 ; St Dometian the Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated January 10 ; St John Chrysostom the Archbishop of Constantinople; Holy, All-Praised Apostle Philip; Venerable Nikon "Metanoeite," the Preacher of Repentance; St James the Bishop of Nisibis, Commemorated January 13 ; St Nino (Nina), Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Georgia, Commemorated January 14 ; Venerable Euthymius the Great, Commemorated January 20 ; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated on January 28 ; Venerable Nicholas the Confessor the Abbot of Studion, Commemorated on February 4 ; St Meletius the Archbishop of Antioch, Commemorated on February 12 ; 40 Holy Martyrs of Sebaste, Commemorated on March 9; Hieromartyr Gabriel the Lesser, Commemorated on March 17 ; GREGORY THE ILLUMINATOR, APOSTLE TO ARMENIA (23 March 332); Venerable John the Anchorite of Egypt, Commemorated on March 29 ; St Acacius the Confessor, Commemorated on March 31; St Eulogius of Salosi, the Prophet and Fool-for-Christ, Commemorated on April 1; St John Shavteli of Salosi, Bishop of Gaenati, Georgia, Commemorated on April 1; Venerable Nicetas the Confessor the Abbot of Medikion, Commemorated on April 3; Martyr Suchias and his Soldiers in Georgia, Commemorated on April 15; St Acacius the Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated on April 17; Venerable John the Disciple of the Venerable Gregory of Decapolis, Commemorated on April 18 ; MARTYRS OF ARMENIA, 24 April 1915 ; GENOCIDE REMEMBRANCE 1915-1923, Commemorated April 24; Deportation of Armenian notables in 1915, April 24th ; Righteous Virginmartyr Glaphyra, Commemorated on April 26; Right-believing Tamara, Queen of Georgia, Commemorated on May 1; Venerable Dodo of the St David-Gareji Monastery, Georgia, Commemorated on May 17; The Entrance of St Nino (Nina) the Enlightener into Georgia, Commemorated on May 19; Venerable Michael of Parekhi, Commemorated on May 27; St Eutychius the Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated on May 28; Venerable Agapitus the Unmercenary Physician of the Kiev Near Caves, Commemorated on June 1; St John of Shavtel-Gaenati, Commemorated on June 9; Apostle Bartholomew of the Twelve, Commemorated on June 11 ; St (John) Tornike of Mt Athos, Commemorated on June 12; Apostle Jude the Brother of the Lord, Commemorated on June 19; Hieromartyr Eusebius the Bishop of Samosata, Commemorated on June 22; Hieromartyr Kirion II, Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia, Commemorated on June 27; Holy Queen Dinar, Commemorated on June 30 ;

Armenian History Folder

Armenia, 3000BC-2000BC, Dots 3-5, Noah and the Flood, Mt Ararat

Armenia, 3000BC-2000BC, Dots 3-5, Noah & the Flood, Mount Ararat, Armenia (south of Aras River 7)
Garden of Eden (Tigres River 7-8) & Ararat Mts; Walked with God Because Noah walked with God and stood blameless among the people of that time, God gave him specific instructions for building the ark by which Noah and his family would survive the coming flood. Location - Eden, Babylon, Chaldea? Building the Ark Noah followed the building instructions down to every detail. Then a week before the flood (Gen. 7:4), Noah led his family and all of the animals into the ark just as God directed Location - Eden? and The Flood After seven days, the rain began and lasted for 40 days. As he sought to know whether it was safe to leave the ark, he sent out first a raven and then a dove. When the dove returned with an olive leaf, Noah knew the water had receded. Location - Mt Ararat, Ararat Mts. - Eden? Lord’s covenant with Noah Once out of the ark, Noah built an altar and sacrificed clean animals as burnt offerings on the altar. Then the Lord promised never again to destroy living creatures as He had done in the flood and established a covenant with Noah and his sons and sealed that covenant with a rainbow. See Covenant Location - Mt Ararat, Ararat Mts ’s sin exposed The sinful nature of humanity is one thing that remained preserved on the ark. Once on dry ground, Noah planted a vineyard, drank of its wine, became drunk, and exposed himself in his tent. Ham informed Shem and Japheth about their father's nakedness. The latter two showed respect for their father and covered him. As a result, they received rich blessings for their descendants from Noah. Ham in turn received a curse for his descendant: Canaan. Noah lived another 350 years after the flood and died at the age of 950 years Location - Eden area? Righteous Noah, Commemorated on December 11; Righteous Noah is mentioned in the Book of Genesis (chapters 5-9). the wicked deeds of men, God decided to destroy man from the earth, and even cattle, reptiles, and birds. But Noah found favor with the Lord, Who spared him, his sons and their wives. Therefore, God commanded Noah to build an ark and take two pairs of every creature into it. Then it rained for forty days and nights, and men and animals perished in the flood. The water remained on the earth for 150 days, then God blessed Noah and his sons, telling them to increase and multiply (Genesis 9:7). Noah's sons Shem, Ham and Japheth, the earth was repopulated, and God promised not to destroy the world by water again. Noah reposed at the age of 950 (Genesis 9:29). The ark is a figure of the Church, which is called the Ark of Salvation. speaking about the end of the world, the Savior told His disciples: "As were the days of Noah, so will be the coming of the Son of man. For as in those days before the flood they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day when Noah entered the ark, and they did not know until the flood came and swept them all away, so will be the coming of the Son of man" (Matthew 24:37-39). Mount Ararat;

Armenia, 3000BC-2000BC, Dots 3-5, Noah's Story Outline PDF with Abstract Locations
Noah's Story Outline PDF with Abstract Locations;

Armenia, 321 BC - 600, Folder, Great Armenia to Great Christian Armenia

Armenia, 321 BC - 428 AD, Great Armenia
Great Armenia, Kingdom of Armenia was bordered by Caucasian Albania in the east, by Caucasian Iberia in the north, by the Roman Empire in the west and by Parthia, later succeeded by Sassanid Empire. The border between Caucasian Iberia and Kingdom of Armenia was Kur river, which was also the border between Caucasian Albania and Kingdom of Armenia ; Righteous Eudocimus of Cappadocia, Commemorated on July 31; Martyr Eudoxius, Commemorated September 6 ; New Martyr Isaac of Georgia, Commemorated on September 16 ; Hieromartyr Gregory the Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia, Commemorated September 30 ; Venerable George the Scribe, of Khakhuli, Commemorated on December 19 ; Hieromartyr Gregory the Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia, Commemorated September 30 ; St Emilia, the Mother of St Basil the Great, Commemorated on January 1 ; St Peter the Bishop of Sebaste, in Armenia, Commemorated January 9 ; St Dometian the Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated January 10 ; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated on January 28 ; 40 Holy Martyrs of Sebaste, Commemorated on March 9; St Acacius the Confessor, Commemorated on March 31; GENOCIDE REMEMBRANCE 1915-1923, Commemorated April 24; MARTYRS OF ARMENIA, 24 April 1915 ; Righteous Virginmartyr Glaphyra, Commemorated on April 26; Apostle Bartholomew of the Twelve, Commemorated on June 11 ;

Armenia, 4 BC - 50 AD, Armenian and Syrian King, Abgar V, Christian
Syrian King, BC 4 - AD 50, Abgar V; Translation of the Image Not-Made-By-Hands of our Lord Jesus Christ from Edessa to Constantinople, the Third œFeast of the Savior in AugustÂ, Commemorated on August 16; Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy, Commemorated on August 21; Apostle Aristarchus of the Seventy, Commemorated on September 27; Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4;

Armenia, 000, 1st Century Folder, King Abgar, Apostle Andrew, King Tiridates, Apostle Jude

Armenia, 4 BC - 50 AD, Armenian and Syrian King, Abgar V, first Christian King, converted by Thaddeus
Syrian King, BC 4 - AD 50, Abgar V; Translation of the Image "œNot-Made-By-Hands"Â of our Lord Jesus Christ from Edessa to Constantinople, the Third "œFeast of the Savior in August"Â, Commemorated on August 16; Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy, Commemorated on August 21; Apostle Aristarchus of the Seventy, Commemorated on September 27; Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4;

Armenia, 30-44. Apostle Thaddeus, from Edessa, Converted King Abgar, people and pagan priests
Armenia, 30-44. Apostle Thaddeus, Converted King Abgar, people and pagan priests; to Eastern Christian tradition, Thaddeus of Edessa [1] was one of the seventy disciples of Jesus. He is possibly identical with Thaddaeus, one of the Twelve Apostles.[2] From an early date his hagiography is filled with legends and fabrications. The saint himself may be entirely fictitious.[3] Edessa, Syria; St Theodore the Bishop of Edessa, Commemorated on July 9 ; Venerable Simeon of Emessa the Fool-For-Christ, Commemorated on July 21; Apostle Matthias of the Seventy, Commemorated on August 9; Translation of the Image "œNot-Made-By-Hands"Â of our Lord Jesus Christ from Edessa to Constantinople, the Third œFeast of the Savior in August, Commemorated on August 16; Translation of the Image "œNot-Made-By-Hands"Â of our Lord Jesus Christ from Edessa to Constantinople, the Third œFeast of the Savior in AugustÂ, Commemorated on August 16 ; BERNARD OF CLAIRVAUX, ABBOT, THEOLOGIAN, AND POET (20 AUGUST 1153); Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy, Commemorated August 21 ; Thaddeus, Apostle of the Seventy, was by descent a Hebrew, and he was born in the Syrian city of Edessa. The holy Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy must be distinguished from Saint Jude, also called Thaddeus or Levi (June 19), who was one of the Twelve Apostles. he came to Jerusalem for a feastday, he heard the preaching of John the Forerunner. After being baptized by him in the Jordan, he remained in Palestine. He saw the Savior, and became His follower. He was chosen by the Lord to be one of the Seventy Disciples, whom He sent by twos to preach in the cities and places where He intended to visit (Luke. 10: 1). the Ascension of the Savior to Heaven, Saint Thaddeus preached the good news in Syria and Mesopotamia. He came preaching the Gospel to Edessa and he converted King Abgar, the people and the pagan priests to Christ. He backed up his preaching with many miracles (about which Abgar wrote to the Assyrian emperor Nerses). He established priests there and built up the Edessa Church. Abgar wanted to reward Saint Thaddeus with rich gifts, but he refused and went preaching to other cities, converting many pagans to the Christian Faith. He went to the city of Beirut to preach, and he founded a church there. It was in this city that he peacefully died in the year 44. (The place of his death is indicated as Beirut in the Slavonic MENAION, but according to other sources he died in Edessa. According to an ancient Armenian tradition, Saint Thaddeus, after various tortures, was beheaded by the sword on December 21 in the Artaz region in the year 50). Martyr Bassa of Edessa, and her sons, Commemorated on August 21; St Barses the Confessor, Commemorated August 25 ; Finding of the Icon of the Mother of God at the Miasena Monastery, Commemorated on September 1 ; Martyr Juventinus the Soldier at Antioch, Commemorated on September 5 ; Martyr Sarbelus of Edessa, Commemorated September 5 ; Martyr Eudoxius, Commemorated September 6 ; Forefeast of the Nativity of the Mother of God. Commemorated September 7 ; Martyr Domnina with her daughters of Syria, Commemorated on October 4; Virginmartyr Pelagia of Antioch, Commemorated October 8 ; Apostle James the Son of Alphaeus, Commemorated on October 9; Martyr Lucian the Presbyter of Antioch, Commemorated on October 15 ; Martyr Sarbelus of Edessa, Commemorated October 15 ; Venerable Abramius the Recluse of Mesopotamia, Commemorated on October 29 ; Martyr and Confessor Gurias of Edessa, Commemorated on November 15 ; St Theodoulus the Eparch of Constantinople, Commemorated December 3 ; Martyr Gemellus of Paphlagonia, Commemorated December 10 ; St Theodore the Bishop of Edessa; Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy, Commemorated January 4 ; St Eustratius the Wonderworker, Commemorated on January 9 ; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated on January 28 ; St Aphraates of Persia, Commemorated on January 29 ; St Sarbelus of Edessa, January 29 ; Wonderworker and Unmercenary Cyrus, Commemorated on January 31 ; Martyr Bassa of Edessa, and her sons; Martyr Domnina with her daughters of Syria; Venerable Alexander the founder of the Monastery, of the "Unsleeping Ones", Commemorated February 23 ; St John Zedazneli of Zaden, in Georgia with his 12 Disciples, Commemorated on May 7; Venerable Alexis the Man of God, Commemorated on March 17; Venerable Hilarion the New the Abbot of Pelecete, Commemorated on March 28 ; Apostle Trophimus of the Seventy, Commemorated on April 15 ; Greatmartyr Irene of Thessalonica, Commemorated on May 5; EARLY ABBOTS of CLUNY, 30 April 909 ; EPHREM OF EDESSA, DEACON AND HYMN-WRITER (10 JUNE 373); Apostle Jude the Brother of the Lord, Commemorated on June 19; St Alexander the Founder of the Monastery of the "œUnsleeping Ones"Â, Commemorated on July 3 ;

Armenia, 30-44, Apostle Thaddeus of 70 from Edessa, Armenia, converted Armenian King Agbar in Edessa, estab churches E&Beirut
Armenia, 30-44, Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy from Edessa, Armenia (abundant water), baptized by John, sent out by Jesus, home to convert Agbar, estab churches in E and Beirut; Edessa in Syria which is also called upper Messopotamia. County of Edessa; Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy, Commemorated August 21 ; Thaddeus, Apostle of the Seventy, was by descent a Hebrew, and he was born in the Syrian city of Edessa. holy Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy must be distinguished from Saint Jude, also called Thaddeus or Levi (June 19), who was one of the Twelve Apostles. he came to Jerusalem for a feastday, he heard the preaching of John the Forerunner. After being baptized by him in the Jordan, he remained in Palestine. saw the Savior, and became His follower. He was chosen by the Lord to be one of the Seventy Disciples, whom He sent by twos to preach in the cities and places where He intended to visit (Luke. 10: 1). the Ascension of the Savior to Heaven, Saint Thaddeus preached the good news in Syria and Mesopotamia. came preaching the Gospel to Edessa and he converted King Abgar, the people and the pagan priests to Christ. backed up his preaching with many miracles (about which Abgar wrote to the Assyrian emperor Nerses). He established priests there and built up the Edessa Church. Abgar wanted to reward Saint Thaddeus with rich gifts, but he refused and went preaching to other cities, converting many pagans to the Christian Faith. went to the city of Beirut to preach, and he founded a church there. It was in this city that he peacefully died in the year 44. place of his death is indicated as Beirut in the Slavonic MENAION, but according to other sources he died in Edessa. According to an ancient Armenian tradition, Saint Thaddeus, after various tortures, was beheaded by the sword on December 21 in the Artaz region in the year 50).

Armenia, 30-67, Apostle Herodion, Patara, north to south Armenian Trade Route, Black Sea to Lake Van
Patara (Cappadocia); city lay on the major trade road from Trapezus on the Black Sea to Satala, and thence to Lake Van. Apostle Herodion of the Seventy, and those with Him, Commemorated on April 8; looking up Patara in Herodion's story, I discovered the Armenian trade route North to South from Silk Road at Trebizond to Great Road at Melitene, Samosata and Edessa and then East to West from Edessa to Yerevan along the Upper Euphrates. still do not know if this is the correct Patera for Herodion's story, but it was an important high point and fort along an important Trade Route Herodion (Rodion), Agabus, Asyncritus, Rufus, Phlegon and Hermes were among the Seventy Apostles, chosen by Christ and sent out by Him to preach (Synaxis of the Seventy Apostles: January 4). holy Apostle Herodion was a relative of Saint Paul, and his companion on many journeys. When Christianity had spread to the Balkan Peninsula, the Apostles Peter and Paul established Saint Herodion as Bishop of Patara. Saint Herodion zealously preached the Word of God and converted many of the Greek pagans and Jews to Christianity. by the preaching of the disciple, the idol-worshippers and Jews with one accord fell upon Saint Herodion, and they began to beat him with sticks and pelt him with stones. One of the mob struck him with a knife, and the saint fell down. But when the murderers were gone, the Lord restored him to health unharmed. Herodion continued to accompany the Apostle Paul for many years. When the holy Apostle Peter was crucified (+ c. 67), Saint Herodion and Saint Olympos were beheaded by the sword at the same time. holy Apostle Agabus was endowed with the gift of prophecy. He predicted (Acts 11:27-28) the famine during the reign of the emperor Claudius (41-52), and foretold the suffering of the Apostle Paul at Jerusalem (Acts 21:11). Saint Agabus preached in many lands, and converted many pagans to Christ. Rufus, whom the holy Apostle Paul mentions in the Epistle to the Romans (Rom. 16:11-15), was bishop of the Greek city of Thebes. Saint Asyncritus (Rom. 16:14) was bishop in Hyrcania (Asia Minor). Saint Phlegon was bishop in the city of Marathon (Thrace). Saint Hermes was bishop in Dalmatia (there is another Apostle of the Seventy by the name of Hermas, who was bishop in the Thracian city of Philippopolis). these disciples for their intrepid service to Christ underwent fierce sufferings and were found worthy of a martyr’s crown.

Armenia, 30-68, Apostle Aquila of the 70, from Pontus, Armenia, tentmaker w paul, taught Apollos baptisim of Spirit
Armenia, 30-68, Apostle Aquila of the 70, from City of Pontus, Armenia (Eupatoria, a crossroads, Isis River 3, Kelkit River 3), jews k out Rome, tentmaker w paul in Corinth, became zealous disciples, w Paul to Ephesus, there taught Apollos baptisim of Spirit, returned to Rome time of Claudius' death, bishop in Asia Achaia Heraklia, martyred; Eupatoria (Pontus); Apostle Aquila of the Seventy, Commemorated on July 14; Aquila, Apostle of the 70: is possible that he was a disciple of the Apostle Paul, a native of Pontus and a Jew, in the city of Rome with his wife Priscilla (they are commemorated on February 13 on the Greek Calendar) the reign of the emperor Claudius (41-54) all the Jews were banished from Rome, so Saint Aquilla and his wife were compelled to leave. settled in Corinth. short while later, the holy Apostle Paul arrived there from Athens preaching the Gospel. made the acquaintance of Aquila, he began to live at his house and labored together with him, making tents. received Baptism from the Apostle Paul, Aquila and Priscilla bacame his devoted and zealous disciples. accompanied the apostle to Ephesus. Apostle Paul instructed them to continue the preaching of the Gospel at Ephesus, and he himself went to Jerusalem, in order to be present for the feast of Pentecost. Ephesus, Aquila and Priscilla heard the bold preaching of a newcomer from Alexandria, the Jew Apollos. He had been instructed in the fundamentals of the Faith, but knew only the baptism of John the Forerunner. They called him over and explained more precisely about the way of the Lord. the death of the emperor Claudius, Jews were permitted to return to Italy, and Aquila and Priscilla then returned to Rome. Apostle Paul in his Epistle to the Romans recalls his faithful disciples, “Greet Priscilla and Aquila, my coworkers in Christ Jesus, who put forth their heads for my soul, whom I do not alone thank, but also all the Church of the Gentiles and the church of their household” (Rom. 16: 3-4). Aquila did not long dwell in Rome: the Apostle Paul made him a bishop in Asia. Saint Aquila zealously labored at preaching the Gospel in Asia, Achaia and Heraklia. converted pagans to Christ, he confirmed newly-converted Christians in the faith, he established presbyters and destroyed idols. Priscilla constantly assisted him in the apostolic work. Saint Aquila ended his life a martyr: pagans murdered him. According to the Tradition of the Church, Saint Priscilla was killed together with him.

Armenia, 30-80, Apostle Jude the Brother of the Lord, went m places, c on Mt Ararat, Armenia, Epistle of J, truth in a few words
Armenia, 30-80, Apostle Jude the Brother of the Lord, crucified on Mount Ararat, Armenia (south of Aras River 7), Joseph's first wife's son, did not believe until Jesus' ministry, other names, went to Judea, Galilee, Samaria, Idumaia, Arabia, Syria, Messopotamia, Edessa, Persia, Epistle of J, truth in a few words ; Mount Ararat; Apostle Jude the Brother of the Lord, Commemorated on June 19; Holy Apostle Jude, one of the twelve apostles of Christ, is descended from King David and Solomon, and was the son of Righteous Joseph the Betrothed (Sunday after the Nativity of the Lord) by his first wife. Holy Apostle John the Theologian writes in his Gospel, “... neither did his brethren believe in Him” (John. 7:5). Saint Theophylact, Archbishop of Bulgaria, explains this passage. He says that at the beginning of the Lord Jesus Christ’s earthly ministry, Joseph’s sons, Jude among them, did not believe in His divine nature. Tradition says that when Saint Joseph returned from Egypt, he began to divide his possessions among his sons. He wanted to allot a share to Christ the Savior, born miraculously and incorruptibly from the All-Pure Virgin Mary. The brothers were opposed to this because Jesus was born of another mother. Only James, later called “The Brother of God,” offered to share his portion with Him. came to believe in Christ the Savior as the awaited Messiah, and he followed Him and was chosen as one of the twelve Apostles. Mindful of his sin, the Apostle Jude considered himself unworthy to be called the Lord’s brother, and in his Epistle he calls himself merely the brother of James. Holy Apostle Jude also had other names: the Evangelist Matthew terms him “Lebbaeus, whose surname was Thaddeus” (Mt. 10:3). The Holy Evangelist Mark also calls him Thaddeus (Mark 3:18), and in the Acts of the Holy Apostles he is called Barsabas (Acts 15: 22). This was customary at that time. the Ascension of the Lord Jesus Christ, Saint Jude traveled about preaching the Gospel. He propagated the faith in Christ at first in Judea, Galilee, Samaria and Idumaia, and later in the lands of Arabia, Syria and Mesopotamia. Finally, he went to the city of Edessa. Here he finished the work that was not completed by his predecessor, Saint Thaddeus, Apostle of the Seventy (August 21). There is a tradition that Saint Jude went to Persia, where he wrote his catholic Epistle in Greek. In the Epistle much profound truth was expressed in a few words. Jude’s Epistle speaks about the Holy Trinity, about the Incarnation of the Lord Jesus Christ, about the good and bad angels, and about the dread Last Judgment. The Apostle urges believers to guard themselves against fleshly impurity, to be diligent in prayer, faith and love, to convert the lost to the path of salvation, and to guard themselves from the teachings of heretics. He also says that it is not enough just to be converted to Christianity, but faith must be demonstrated by good works. He cites the rebellious angels and men punished by God (verse 6) to support this. Holy Apostle Jude died as a martyr around the year 80 near Mt. Ararat in Armenia, where he was crucified and pierced by arrows.

Armenia, 30-70, Apostle Philologus of the Seventy, Sinope, Pathlegonia, Armenia
Philologus of Sinope; Armenia, 30-70, Apostle Philologus of the Seventy; Patrobus, Hermes, Linus, Gaius, and Philologus, Apostles of the Seventy, preached the Gospel in various cities, each enduring various hardships in their service as bishops. Apostle Andrew consecrated Saint Philologus (Rom 16:15) as bishop of the city of Sinope (in the Black Sea region). Sinope, Turkey (Black Sea); Translation of the relics of the Hieromartyr Phocas the Bishop of Sinope, Commemorated on July 22 ; Apostle Matthias of the Seventy, Commemorated August 9 ; Cappadocian city of Tianum and Sinope; Hieromartyr Phocas the Bishop of Sinope, Commemorated on September 22 ; Martyr Phocas the Gardener of Sinope, Commemorated on September 22 ; Apostle Philologus of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 5 ; St Paul the Confessor the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated on November 6 ; Apostle Andrew, the Holy and All-Praised First-Called, Commemorated on November 30 ; Martyr Rufinus the Deacon at Sinope, Commemorated on April 7; Righteous Virginmartyr Glaphyra, Commemorated on April 26;

Armenia, 33-50, Loginius, Centurion at Cross & Sepulchre & then Cappadocia, his head story
Cappadocia, 033-050, Loginius the Centurion at the Cross and then Cappadocia ; Martyr Longinus the Centurion, who stood at the Cross of the Lord, Commemorated on October 16 ; Holy Martyr Longinus the Centurion, a Roman soldier, served in Judea under the command of the Governor, Pontius Pilate. our Savior Jesus Christ was crucified, it was the detachment of soldiers under the command of Longinus which stood watch on Golgotha, at the very foot of the holy Cross. and his soldiers were eyewitnesses of the final moments of the earthly life of the Lord, and of the great and awesome portents that appeared at His death. events shook the centurion’s soul. Longinus believed in Christ and confessed before everyone, “Truly this was the Son of God” (Mt. 27:54). to Church Tradition, Longinus was the soldier who pierced the side of the Crucified Savior with a spear, and received healing from an eye affliction when blood and water poured forth from the wound. the Crucifixion and Burial of the Savior, Longinus stood watch with his company at the Sepulchre of the Lord. soldiers were present at the All-Radiant Resurrection of Christ. The Jews bribed them to lie and say that His disciples had stolen away the Body of Christ, but Longinus and two of his comrades refused to be seduced by the Jewish gold. They also refused to remain silent about the miracle of the Resurrection. come to believe in the Savior, the soldiers received Baptism from the apostles and decided to leave military service. Longinus left Judea to preach about Jesus Christ the Son of God in his native land (Cappadocia), and his two comrades followed him. fiery words of those who had actually participated in the great events in Judea swayed the hearts and minds of the Cappadocians; Christianity began quickly to spread throughout the city and the surrounding villages. they learned of this, the Jewish elders persuaded Pilate to send a company of soldiers to Cappadocia to kill Longinus and his comrades. When the soldiers arrived at Longinus’s village, the former centurion himself came out to meet the soldiers and took them to his home. After a meal, the soldiers revealed the purpose of their visit, not knowing that the master of the house was the very man whom they were seeking. Then Longinus and his friends identified themselves and told the startled soldiers to carry out their duty. soldiers wanted to let the saints go and advised them to flee, but they refused to do this, showing their firm intention to suffer for Christ. holy martyrs were beheaded, and their bodies were buried at the place where the saints were martyred. The head of Saint Longinus, however, was sent to Pilate. gave orders to cast the martyr’s head on a trash-heap outside the city walls. After a while a certain blind widow from Cappadocia arrived in Jerusalem with her son to pray at the holy places, and to ask that her sight be restored. After becoming blind, she had sought the help of physicians to cure her, but all their efforts were in vain. woman’s son became ill shortly after reaching Jerusalem, and he died a few days later. The widow grieved for the loss of her son, who had served as her guide. Longinus appeared to her in a dream and comforted her. He told her that she would see her son in heavenly glory, and also receive her sight. He told her to go outside the city walls and there she would find his head in a great pile of refuse. led the blind woman to the rubbish heap, and she began to dig with her hands. As soon as she touched the martyr’s head, the woman received her sight, and she glorified God and Saint Longinus. up the head, she brought it to the place she was staying and washed it. next night, Saint Longinus appeared to her again, this time with her son. They were surrounded by a bright light, and Saint Longinus said, “Woman, behold the son for whom you grieve. See what glory and honor are his now, and be consoled. God has numbered him with those in His heavenly Kingdom. Now take my head and your son’s body, and bury them in the same casket. Do not weep for your son, for he will rejoice forever in great glory and happiness.” woman carried out the saint’s instructions and returned to her home in Cappadocia. There she buried her son and the head of Saint Longinus. Once, she had been overcome by grief for her son, but her weeping was transformed into joy when she saw him with Saint Longinus. She had sought healing for her eyes, and also received healing of her soul.

Armenia, 34-63,Matthias,replaced Judas,studied u Simeon,many places,Survived poison, invisible, enemies engulfed, crucified
Jerusalem, 34-63, Matthias, Apostle, from Bethlehem, Judea, replaced Judas, studied under Simeon, preached in Jerusalem, Antioch, Tianum, Sinope, Amasea, Edessa, Sebaste, Pontine Ethiopia Georgia, Macedonia, Survived poison, left prison invisible, enemies engulfed by earth, crucified; Bethlehem; Apostle Matthias of the Seventy, Commemorated on August 9; Holy Apostle Matthias was born at Bethlehem of the Tribe of Judah. From his early childhood he studied the Law of God under the guidance of Saint Simeon the God-Receiver (February 3). the Lord Jesus Christ revealed Himself to the world, Saint Matthias believed in Him as the Messiah, followed constantly after Him and was numbered among the Seventy Apostles, whom the Lord “sent them two by two before His face” (Luke 10:1). the Ascension of the Savior, Saint Matthias was chosen by lot to replace Judas Iscariot as one of the Twelve Apostles (Acts 1:15-26). After the Descent of the Holy Spirit, the Apostle Matthias preached the Gospel at Jerusalem and in Judea together with the other Apostles (Acts 6:2, 8:14). From Jerusalem he went with the Apostles Peter and Andrew to Syrian Antioch, and was in the Cappadocian city of Tianum and Sinope. Here the Apostle Matthias was locked into prison, from which he was miraculously freed by Saint Andrew the First-Called. Apostle Matthias journeyed after this to Amasea, a city on the shore of the sea. During a three year journey of the Apostle Andrew, Saint Matthias was with him at Edessa and Sebaste. According to Church Tradition, he was preaching at Pontine Ethiopia (presently Western Georgia) and Macedonia. He was frequently subjected to deadly peril, but the Lord preserved him to preach the Gospel. pagans forced the saint to drink a poison potion. He drank it, and not only did he himself remain unharmed, but he also healed other prisoners who had been blinded by the potion. Saint Matthias left the prison, the pagans searched for him in vain, for he had become invisible to them. time, when the pagans had become enraged intending to kill the Apostle, the earth opened up and engulfed them. Apostle Matthias returned to Judea and did not cease to enlighten his countrymen with the light of Christ’s teachings. He worked great miracles in the Name of the Lord Jesus and he converted a great many to faith in Christ. Jewish High Priest Ananias hated Christ and earlier had commanded the Apostle James, Brother of the Lord, to be flung down from the heights of the Temple, and now he ordered that the Apostle Matthias be arrested and brought for judgment before the Sanhedrin at Jerusalem. impious Ananias uttered a speech in which he blasphemously slandered the Lord. the prophecies of the Old Testament, the Apostle Matthias demonstrated that Jesus Christ is the True God, the promised Messiah, the Son of God, Consubstantial and Coeternal with God the Father. these words the Apostle Matthias was sentenced to death by the Sanhedrin and stoned. Saint Matthias was already dead, the Jews, to hide their malefaction, cut off his head as an enemy of Caesar. (According to several historians, the Apostle Matthias was crucified, and indicate that he instead died at Colchis.) The Apostle Matthias received the martyr’s crown of glory in the year 63.

Armenia, 40-50, Pancratius, First Century Saint , picked up by Peter in Pontus, Pontine
Pontine, 40-50, First Century Saint Pancratius Hieromartyr Pancratius the Bishop of Taormina in Sicily, Commemorated on July 9; Hieromartyr Pancratius, Bishop of Taormina, was born when our Lord Jesus Christ yet lived upon the earth. parents of Pancratius were natives of Antioch. Hearing the good news of Jesus Christ, Pancratius’ father took his young son with him and went to Jerusalem in order to see the great Teacher for himself. The miracles astonished him, and when he heard the divine teaching, he then believed in Christ as the Son of God. He became close with the disciples of the Lord, especially with the holy Apostle Peter. It was during this period that young Pancratius got to know the holy Apostle Peter. the Ascension of the Savior, one of the Apostles came to Antioch and baptized the parents of Pancratius together with all their household. When the parents of Pancratius died, he left behind his inherited possessions and went to Pontus and began to live in a cave, spendng his days in prayer and deep spiritual contemplation. The holy Apostle Peter, while passing through those parts, visited Pancratius at Pontus. He took him along to Antioch, and then to Sicily, where the holy Apostle Paul then was. There the holy Apostles Peter and Paul made Saint Pancratius Bishop of Taormina in Sicily. Pancratius toiled zealously for the Christian enlightenment of the people. In a single month he built a church where he celebrated divine services. The number of believers quickly grew, and soon almost all the people of Taormina and the surrounding cities accepted the Christian Faith. Pancratius governed his flock peacefully for many years. However, pagans plotted against the saint, and seizing an appropriate moment, they fell upon him and stoned him. Thus, Saint Pancratius ended his life as a martyr. saint’s relics are in the church named for him in Rome. He is also commemorated on February 9.

Armenia, 44-60, Apostle Jude, Edessa, Jesus step bro, Edessa, took over after Thaddeus died
Persia, 70, 1st Century, Parthia, Apostle Jude; Holy Apostle Jude, one of the twelve apostles of Christ, is descended from King David and Solomon, and was the son of Righteous Joseph the Betrothed (Sunday after the Nativity of the Lord) by his first wife. Holy Apostle John the Theologian writes in his Gospel, “... neither did his brethren believe in Himâ€ (John. 7:5). Saint Theophylact, Archbishop of Bulgaria, explains this passage. He says that at the beginning of the Lord Jesus Christ’s earthly ministry, Joseph’s sons, Jude among them, did not believe in His divine nature. Tradition says that when Saint Joseph returned from Egypt, he began to divide his possessions among his sons. He wanted to allot a share to Christ the Savior, born miraculously and incorruptibly from the All-Pure Virgin Mary. The brothers were opposed to this because Jesus was born of another mother. Only James, later called “The Brother of God,â€ offered to share his portion with Him. came to believe in Christ the Savior as the awaited Messiah, and he followed Him and was chosen as one of the twelve Apostles. Mindful of his sin, the Apostle Jude considered himself unworthy to be called the Lord’s brother, and in his Epistle he calls himself merely the brother of James. Holy Apostle Jude also had other names: the Evangelist Matthew terms him “Lebbaeus, whose surname was Thaddeusâ€ (Mt. 10:3). The Holy Evangelist Mark also calls him Thaddeus (Mark 3:18), and in the Acts of the Holy Apostles he is called Barsabas (Acts 15: 22). This was customary at that time. the Ascension of the Lord Jesus Christ, Saint Jude traveled about preaching the Gospel. He propagated the faith in Christ at first in Judea, Galilee, Samaria and Idumaia, and later in the lands of Arabia, Syria and Mesopotamia. Finally, he went to the city of Edessa. Here he finished the work that was not completed by his predecessor, Saint Thaddeus, Apostle of the Seventy (August 21). There is a tradition that Saint Jude went to Persia, where he wrote his catholic Epistle in Greek. In the Epistle much profound truth was expressed in a few words. Jude’s Epistle speaks about the Holy Trinity, about the Incarnation of the Lord Jesus Christ, about the good and bad angels, and about the dread Last Judgment. The Apostle urges believers to guard themselves against fleshly impurity, to be diligent in prayer, faith and love, to convert the lost to the path of salvation, and to guard themselves from the teachings of heretics. He also says that it is not enough just to be converted to Christianity, but faith must be demonstrated by good works. He cites the rebellious angels and men punished by God (verse 6) to support this. Holy Apostle Jude died as a martyr around the year 80 near Mt. Ararat in Armenia, where he was crucified and pierced by arrows. Apostle Jude the Brother of the Lord, Commemorated on June 19;

Armenia, 54-91, Eutychius the Bishop of Melitene, fell out of window in Jerusalem
Armenia, 54-91, Eutychius the Bishop of Melitene; Malatya; St Eutychius the Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated on May 28;

Armenia, 54-428, Arsacid dynasty of Armenia and Parthia, Christian
Armenia, Arsacid dynasty of Armenia, 54-428; Icon of the Mother of God "œthe Healer"Â, Commemorated on September 18; Hieromartyr Gregory the Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia, Commemorated on September 30;

Armenia, 54-91, Bartholomew, lot for Syria & Asia Minor, 10 cities in Armenia, healed King's daughter, crucified u d
Armenian Saint, 54-91, Bartholomew; also visited Greater Armenia (the country between the River Kura and the upper stretches of the Tigrus and Euphrates Rivers), where he worked many miracles and healed the daughter of King Polymios from the demons afflicting her. In gratitude, the king sent gifts to the apostle, who refused to accept them, saying that he sought only the salvation of the souls of mankind. Polymios together with his wife, daughter, and many of those close to them accepted Baptism. And people from more than ten cities of Greater Armenia followed their example. through the intrigues of the pagan priests, the Apostle Bartholomew was seized by the king’s brother Astiagus in the city of Alban (now the city of Baku), and crucified upside down. But even from the cross he did not cease to proclaim the good news about Christ the Savior. Finally, on orders from Astiagus, they flayed the skin from the Apostle Bartholomew and cut off his head. Believers placed his relics in a leaden coffin and buried him. Armenian King, 54-91, Triadates I; BARTHOLOMEW THE APOSTLE, (24 AUGUST NT); BARTHOLOMEW THE APOSTLE, (24 AUGUST NT); name "Bartholomew" appears in the New Testament only on lists of the names of the twelve apostles. This list normally is given as six pairs, and the third pair in each of the Synoptics is "Philip and Bartholomew" (M 10:3; P 3:18; L 6:14; but A 1:15). gives no list of the Twelve, but refers to more of them individually than the Synoptists. He does not name Bartholomew, but early in his account (John 1:43-50) he tells of the call to discipleship of a Nathaniel who is often supposed to be the same person. The reasoning is as follows: John's Nathanael is introduced as one of the earliest followers of Jesus, and in terms which suggest that he became one of the Twelve. He is clearly not the same as Peter, Andrew, James, John, Philip, Thomas, Judas Iscariot, Judas (not Iscariot, also called Lebbaeus or Thaddeus), all of whom John names separately. He is not Matthew, whose call is described differently (M 9:9). This leaves Bartholomew, James the son of Alpheus, and Simon Zelotes. Of these, Bartholomew is the leading candidate for two reasons: (1) "Bar-tholomew" is a patronymic, meaning "son of Tolmai (or Talmai)." It is therefore likely that he had another name. (A historical novel which may not be well researched informs me that a first-century Jew would be likely to use the patronymic instead of the forename as a mark of respect in speaking to a significantly older Jew.) "Nathanael son of Tolmai" seems more likely than "Nathanael also called James (or Simon)." (2) Nathanael is introduced in John's narrative as a friend of Philip. Since Bartholomew is paired with Philip on three of our four lists of Apostles, it seems likely that they were associated. St. Bartholomew, by Michaelangelo have no certain information about Bartholomew's later life. Some writers, including the historian Eusebius of Caesarea (now Har Qesari, 32:30 N 34:54 E, near Sedot Yam), say that he preached in India. The majority tradition, with varying details, is that Bartholomew preached in Armenia, and was finally skinned alive and beheaded to Albanus or Albanopolis (now Derbent, 42:03 N 48:18 E) on the Caspian Sea. His emblem in art is a flaying knife. The flayed Bartholomew can be seen in Michelangelo's Sistine painting of the Last Judgement. He is holding his skin. The face on the skin is generally considered to be a self-portrait of Michelangelo. by James Kiefer Apostle Bartholomew of the Twelve, Commemorated on June 11 ; Holy Apostle Bartholomew was born at Cana of Galilee and was one of the Twelve Apostles of Christ. After the Descent of the Holy Spirit on the Day of Pentecost, it fell by lot to the holy Apostles Bartholomew and Philip (November 14) to preach the Gospel in Syria and Asia Minor. In their preaching they wandered through various cities, and then met up again. Accompanying the holy Apostle Philip was his sister, the holy virgin Saint Mariamnne. the cities of Syria and Myzia, they underwent much hardship and tribulations, they were stoned and they were locked up in prison. In one of the villages they met up with the Apostle John the Theologian, and together they set off to Phrygia. In the city of Hieropolis by the power of their prayers they destroyed an enormous viper, which the pagans worshipped as a god. The holy Apostles Bartholomew and Philip with his sister confirmed their preaching with many miracles. Hieropolis there lived a man by the name of Stachys, who had been blind for 40 years. When he received healing, he then believed in Christ and was baptized. News of this spread throughout the city, and a multitude of the people thronged to the house where the apostles were staying. The sick and those beset by demons were released from their infirmities, and many were baptized. The city prefect gave orders to arrest the preachers and throw them in prison, and to burn down the house of Stachys. At the trial pagan priests came forth with the complaint that the strangers were turning people away from the worship of the ancestral gods. that perhaps some sort of magic power was hidden away in the clothes of the apostles, the prefect gave orders to strip them. But Saint Mariamne became like a fiery torch before their eyes, and none dared touch her. They sentenced the saints to death. The Apostle Philip was crucified upside down. Suddenly there was an earthquake, and a fissure in the earth swallowed up the prefect of the city, together with the pagan priests and many of the people. Others took fright and rushed to take down the apostles from the crosses. Since the Apostle Bartholomew had not been suspended very high, they soon managed to take him down. The Apostle Philip, however, had died. After making Stachys Bishop of Hieropolis, the Apostle Bartholomew and Saint Mariamne left the city and moved on. the Word of God, Mariamne arrived in Lykaonia, where she peacefully died (February 17). The Apostle Bartholomew went to India, where he translated the Gospel of Matthew into their language, and he converted many pagans to Christ. He also visited Greater Armenia (the country between the River Kura and the upper stretches of the Tigrus and Euphrates Rivers), where he worked many miracles and healed the daughter of King Polymios from the demons afflicting her. In gratitude, the king sent gifts to the apostle, who refused to accept them, saying that he sought only the salvation of the souls of mankind. Polymios together with his wife, daughter, and many of those close to them accepted Baptism. And people from more than ten cities of Greater Armenia followed their example. But through the intrigues of the pagan priests, the Apostle Bartholomew was seized by the king’s brother Astiagus in the city of Alban (now the city of Baku), and crucified upside down. But even from the cross he did not cease to proclaim the good news about Christ the Savior. Finally, on orders from Astiagus, they flayed the skin from the Apostle Bartholomew and cut off his head. Believers placed his relics in a leaden coffin and buried him. about the year 508 the holy relics of the Apostle Bartholomew were transferred to Mesopotamia, to the city of Dara. When the Persians seized the city in 574, Christians took the relics of the Apostle Bartholomew with them when they fled to the shores of the Black Sea. But since the enemy overtook them there, they were compelled to leave the coffin behind, and the pagans threw it into the sea. By the power of God the coffin miraculously arrived on the island of Lipari. In the ninth century, after the taking of the island by the Arabs, the holy relics were transferred to the Neapolitan city of Beneventum in Italy, and in the tenth century part of the relics were transferred to Rome. holy Apostle Bartholomew is mentioned in the Life of Saint Joseph the Hymnographer (April 4). Having received from a certain man part of the relics of the Apostle Bartholomew, Saint Joseph conveyed them to his own monastery near Constantinople, and he built a church in the name of the Apostle Bartholomew, placing in it a portion of the relics. Saint Joseph ardently desired to compose hymns of praise in honor of the saint, and he fervently besought God to grant him the ability to do so. the Feast day in memory of the Apostle Bartholomew, Saint Joseph saw him at the altar. He beckoned to Joseph and took the holy Gospel from the altar table and pressed it to his bosom with the words, “May the Lord bless you, and may your song delight the whole world.” And from that time Saint Joseph began to write hymns and canons to adorn not only the Feast day of the Apostle Bartholomew, but also the Feast days of many other saints, composing about 300 canons in all. Saints John Chrysostom, Cyril of Alexandria, Epiphanius of Cyprus and certain other teachers of the Church regard the Apostle Bartholomew as being the same person as Nathanael (John 1:45-51, 21:2).

Armenia, 54-91, Apostle Andrew, established churches, bishops, in East, Russia, Bulgaria, Greece, North Black Sea, Armenia
Armenia, 54-91, Apostle Andrew; his journeys the First-Called Apostle endured many sufferings and torments from pagans: they cast him out of their cities and they beat him. Sinope they pelted him with stones, but remaining unharmed, the persistent disciple of Christ continued to preach to people about the Savior. Through the prayers of the Apostle, the Lord worked miracles. By the labors of the holy Apostle Andrew, Christian Churches were established, for which he provided bishops and clergy. final city to which the Apostle came was the city of Patra, where he was destined to suffer martyrdom. Apostle Andrew, the Holy and All-Praised First-Called, Commemorated on November 30; Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called was the first of the Apostles to follow Christ, and he later brought his own brother, the holy Apostle Peter, to Christ (John 1:35-42). future apostle was from Bethsaida, and from his youth he turned with all his soul to God. He did not enter into marriage, and he worked with his brother as a fisherman. the holy Prophet, Forerunner and Baptist John began to preach, Saint Andrew became his closest disciple. Christ to be the Lamb of God, Saint John the Baptist himself sent to Christ his own two disciples, the future Apostles Andrew and John the Theologian. the Descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles, Saint Andrew went to the Eastern lands preaching the Word of God. He went through Asia Minor, Thrace, Macedonia, he reached the River Danube, went along the coast of the Black Sea, through Crimea, the Black Sea region and along the River Dniepr he climbed to the place where the city of Kiev now stands. stopped overnight on the hills of Kiev. Rising in the morning, he said to those disciples that were with him: “See these hills? Upon these hills shall shine forth the beneficence of God, and there will be a great city here, and God shall raise up many churches.” The apostle went up around the hills, blessed them and set up a cross. Having prayed, he went up even further along the Dniepr and reached a settlement of the Slavs, where Novgorod was built. From here the apostle went through the land of the Varangians towards Rome for preaching, and again he returned to Thrace, where in the small village of Byzantium, the future Constantinople, he founded the Church of Christ. The name of the holy Apostle Andrew links the mother, the Church of Constantinople, with her daughter, the Russian Church. his journeys the First-Called Apostle endured many sufferings and torments from pagans: they cast him out of their cities and they beat him. Sinope they pelted him with stones, but remaining unharmed, the persistent disciple of Christ continued to preach to people about the Savior. Through the prayers of the Apostle, the Lord worked miracles. the labors of the holy Apostle Andrew, Christian Churches were established, for which he provided bishops and clergy. The final city to which the Apostle came was the city of Patra, where he was destined to suffer martyrdom. Lord worked many miracles through His disciple in Patra. The infirm were made whole, and the blind received their sight. Through the prayers of the Apostle, the illustrious citizen Sosios recovered from serious illness and Maximilla and Stratokles, the wife and brother of the governor of Patra, were healed. The miracles accomplished by the Apostle and his fiery speech enlightened almost all the citizens of the city of Patra with the true Faith. pagans remained at Patra, but among them was the prefect of the city, Aegeatos. The Apostle Andrew repeatedly turned to him with the words of the Gospel. But even the miracles of the Apostle did not convince Aegeatos. The holy Apostle with love and humility appealed to his soul, striving to reveal to him the Christian mystery of life eternal, through the wonderworking power of the Holy Cross of the Lord. The angry Aegeatos gave orders to crucify the apostle. The pagan thought he might undo Saint Andrew’s preaching if he were to put him to death on the cross. Andrew the First-Called accepted the decision of the prefect with joy and with prayer to the Lord, and went willingly to the place of execution. In order to prolong the suffering of the saint, Aegeatos gave orders not to nail the saint’s hands and feet, but to tie them to the cross. For two days the apostle taught the citizens who gathered about. The people, in listening to him, with all their souls pitied him and tried to take Saint Andrew down from the cross. Fearing a riot of the people, Aegeatos gave orders to stop the execution. But the holy apostle began to pray that the Lord would grant him death on the cross. Just as the soldiers tried to take hold of the Apostle Andrew, they lost control of their hands. The crucified apostle, having given glory to God, said: “Lord Jesus Christ, receive my spirit.” Then a blazing ray of divine light illumined the cross and the martyr crucified upon it. When the light faded, the holy Apostle Andrew had already given up his holy soul to the Lord. Maximilla, the wife of the prefect, had the body of the saint taken down from the cross, and buried him with honor. few centuries later, under the emperor Constantine the Great, the relics of the holy Apostle Andrew were solemnly transferred to Constantinople and placed in the church of the Holy Apostles beside the relics of the holy Evangelist Luke and Saint Paul’s disciple Saint Timothy. Martyrs of Lazeti, Commemorated on April 29;

Armenia, 54-62. Apostle James son of Alphaeus, of the 12, with Andrew first called in Judea, Edessa, Gaza, Eleutheropolis
Apostle James son of Alphaeus, of the 12; son of Alphaeus was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus, appearing under this name in all three of the Synoptic Gospels' lists of the apostles. He is often identified with James the Less and commonly known by that name in church tradition. He is also labelled "the minor", "the little", "the lesser", or "the younger", according to translation. He is distinct from James, son of Zebedee and in some interpretations also from James, brother of Jesus (James the Just).[3] He appears only four times in the New Testament, each time in a list of the twelve apostles.[4] Apostle James the Son of Alphaeus, Commemorated on October 9; Apostle James the son of Alphaeus one of the Twelve Apostles, was the brother of the holy Evangelist Matthew. He heard the Lord’s words and witnessed His miracles. the Descent of the Holy Spirit, the Apostle James Alphaeus and the Apostle Andrew the First-Called (November 30), made missionary journeys preaching in Judea, Edessa, Gaza, Eleutheropolis, proclaiming the Gospel, healing all sorts of sickness and disease, and converting many to the path of salvation. James finished his apostolic work In the Egyptian city of Ostrachina, where he was crucified by the pagans.

Armenia, 54-80, Apostle Matthias, Tianum, Amasea, Edessa, Sebaste, and Sinope, miraculously freed by Andrew
Apostle Matthias of the Seventy; Sinope, Turkey (Black Sea); Apostle Matthias of the Seventy, Commemorated August 9 ; Holy Apostle Matthias was born at Bethlehem of the Tribe of Judah. From his early childhood he studied the Law of God under the guidance of Saint Simeon the God-Receiver (February 3). the Lord Jesus Christ revealed Himself to the world, Saint Matthias believed in Him as the Messiah, followed constantly after Him and was numbered among the Seventy Apostles, whom the Lord “sent them two by two before His face” (Luke 10:1). the Ascension of the Savior, Saint Matthias was chosen by lot to replace Judas Iscariot as one of the Twelve Apostles (Acts 1:15-26). After the Descent of the Holy Spirit, the Apostle Matthias preached the Gospel at Jerusalem and in Judea together with the other Apostles (Acts 6:2, 8:14). From Jerusalem he went with the Apostles Peter and Andrew to Syrian Antioch, and was in the Cappadocian city of Tianum and Sinope. Here the Apostle Matthias was locked into prison, from which he was miraculously freed by Saint Andrew the First-Called. Apostle Matthias journeyed after this to Amasea, a city on the shore of the sea. During a three year journey of the Apostle Andrew, Saint Matthias was with him at Edessa and Sebaste. According to Church Tradition, he was preaching at Pontine Ethiopia (presently Western Georgia) and Macedonia. He was frequently subjected to deadly peril, but the Lord preserved him to preach the Gospel. pagans forced the saint to drink a poison potion. He drank it, and not only did he himself remain unharmed, but he also healed other prisoners who had been blinded by the potion. When Saint Matthias left the prison, the pagans searched for him in vain, for he had become invisible to them. Another time, when the pagans had become enraged intending to kill the Apostle, the earth opened up and engulfed them. Apostle Matthias returned to Judea and did not cease to enlighten his countrymen with the light of Christ’s teachings. He worked great miracles in the Name of the Lord Jesus and he converted a great many to faith in Christ. Jewish High Priest Ananias hated Christ and earlier had commanded the Apostle James, Brother of the Lord, to be flung down from the heights of the Temple, and now he ordered that the Apostle Matthias be arrested and brought for judgment before the Sanhedrin at Jerusalem. impious Ananias uttered a speech in which he blasphemously slandered the Lord. Using the prophecies of the Old Testament, the Apostle Matthias demonstrated that Jesus Christ is the True God, the promised Messiah, the Son of God, Consubstantial and Coeternal with God the Father. After these words the Apostle Matthias was sentenced to death by the Sanhedrin and stoned. Saint Matthias was already dead, the Jews, to hide their malefaction, cut off his head as an enemy of Caesar. (According to several historians, the Apostle Matthias was crucified, and indicate that he instead died at Colchis.) The Apostle Matthias received the martyr’s crown of glory in the year 63. Cappadocian city of Tianum and Sinope; Apostle Andrew, the Holy and All-Praised First-Called, Commemorated on November 30 ;

Armenia, 54-91, King, Tiridates I, Christian
Armenian King, 54-91, Triadates I; Apostle Bartholomew of the Twelve, Commemorated on June 11 ;

Armenia, 80, Apostle Jude, 1st Century, Mt Aarat
Persia, 70, 1st Century, Parthia, Apostle Jude; Holy Apostle Jude, one of the twelve apostles of Christ, is descended from King David and Solomon, and was the son of Righteous Joseph the Betrothed (Sunday after the Nativity of the Lord) by his first wife. Holy Apostle John the Theologian writes in his Gospel, “... neither did his brethren believe in Himâ€ (John. 7:5). Saint Theophylact, Archbishop of Bulgaria, explains this passage. He says that at the beginning of the Lord Jesus Christ’s earthly ministry, Joseph’s sons, Jude among them, did not believe in His divine nature. Tradition says that when Saint Joseph returned from Egypt, he began to divide his possessions among his sons. He wanted to allot a share to Christ the Savior, born miraculously and incorruptibly from the All-Pure Virgin Mary. The brothers were opposed to this because Jesus was born of another mother. Only James, later called “The Brother of God,â€ offered to share his portion with Him. came to believe in Christ the Savior as the awaited Messiah, and he followed Him and was chosen as one of the twelve Apostles. Mindful of his sin, the Apostle Jude considered himself unworthy to be called the Lord’s brother, and in his Epistle he calls himself merely the brother of James. Holy Apostle Jude also had other names: the Evangelist Matthew terms him “Lebbaeus, whose surname was Thaddeusâ€ (Mt. 10:3). The Holy Evangelist Mark also calls him Thaddeus (Mark 3:18), and in the Acts of the Holy Apostles he is called Barsabas (Acts 15: 22). This was customary at that time. the Ascension of the Lord Jesus Christ, Saint Jude traveled about preaching the Gospel. He propagated the faith in Christ at first in Judea, Galilee, Samaria and Idumaia, and later in the lands of Arabia, Syria and Mesopotamia. Finally, he went to the city of Edessa. Here he finished the work that was not completed by his predecessor, Saint Thaddeus, Apostle of the Seventy (August 21). There is a tradition that Saint Jude went to Persia, where he wrote his catholic Epistle in Greek. In the Epistle much profound truth was expressed in a few words. Jude’s Epistle speaks about the Holy Trinity, about the Incarnation of the Lord Jesus Christ, about the good and bad angels, and about the dread Last Judgment. The Apostle urges believers to guard themselves against fleshly impurity, to be diligent in prayer, faith and love, to convert the lost to the path of salvation, and to guard themselves from the teachings of heretics. He also says that it is not enough just to be converted to Christianity, but faith must be demonstrated by good works. He cites the rebellious angels and men punished by God (verse 6) to support this. Holy Apostle Jude died as a martyr around the year 80 near Mt. Ararat in Armenia, where he was crucified and pierced by arrows. Apostle Jude the Brother of the Lord, Commemorated on June 19; Holy Apostle Jude, one of the twelve apostles of Christ, is descended from King David and Solomon, and was the son of Righteous Joseph the Betrothed (Sunday after the Nativity of the Lord) by his first wife. Holy Apostle John the Theologian writes in his Gospel, “... neither did his brethren believe in Him” (John. 7:5). Saint Theophylact, Archbishop of Bulgaria, explains this passage. He says that at the beginning of the Lord Jesus Christ’s earthly ministry, Joseph’s sons, Jude among them, did not believe in His divine nature. Tradition says that when Saint Joseph returned from Egypt, he began to divide his possessions among his sons. He wanted to allot a share to Christ the Savior, born miraculously and incorruptibly from the All-Pure Virgin Mary. The brothers were opposed to this because Jesus was born of another mother. Only James, later called “The Brother of God,” offered to share his portion with Him. came to believe in Christ the Savior as the awaited Messiah, and he followed Him and was chosen as one of the twelve Apostles. Mindful of his sin, the Apostle Jude considered himself unworthy to be called the Lord’s brother, and in his Epistle he calls himself merely the brother of James. Holy Apostle Jude also had other names: the Evangelist Matthew terms him “Lebbaeus, whose surname was Thaddeus” (Mt. 10:3). The Holy Evangelist Mark also calls him Thaddeus (Mark 3:18), and in the Acts of the Holy Apostles he is called Barsabas (Acts 15: 22). This was customary at that time. the Ascension of the Lord Jesus Christ, Saint Jude traveled about preaching the Gospel. He propagated the faith in Christ at first in Judea, Galilee, Samaria and Idumaia, and later in the lands of Arabia, Syria and Mesopotamia. Finally, he went to the city of Edessa. Here he finished the work that was not completed by his predecessor, Saint Thaddeus, Apostle of the Seventy (August 21). There is a tradition that Saint Jude went to Persia, where he wrote his catholic Epistle in Greek. In the Epistle much profound truth was expressed in a few words. Jude’s Epistle speaks about the Holy Trinity, about the Incarnation of the Lord Jesus Christ, about the good and bad angels, and about the dread Last Judgment. The Apostle urges believers to guard themselves against fleshly impurity, to be diligent in prayer, faith and love, to convert the lost to the path of salvation, and to guard themselves from the teachings of heretics. He also says that it is not enough just to be converted to Christianity, but faith must be demonstrated by good works. He cites the rebellious angels and men punished by God (verse 6) to support this. Holy Apostle Jude died as a martyr around the year 80 near Mt. Ararat in Armenia, where he was crucified and pierced by arrows.

Armenia, 80-91, Plhilip's sister Mariamne, from Phrygia with Bartholomew, then to Lykaonia after his death
Lykaonia, 80-91, Plhilip's sister, Mariamne herself then preached until her own death at Lykaonia.; Lykaonia, 50-60 approx., Apostle Paul; Iconium; THECLA, 1ST CENTURY, Commemorated September 24; Protomartyr and Equal of the Apostles Thekla, Commemorated on September 24 ;

Armenia, 91-123, Emperor, Artaxar (Sanatruk) Christian, dog's gift, succeded Tirdates I
Armenia, 88-123, Emperor, Artaxar (Sanatruk); was a member of the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia who succeeded Tiridates I of Armenia as King of Armenia at the end of the 1st century. He was also King of Osroene (reigned 91–109), a historic kingdom located in Mesopotamia. Little or no information is available from either literary or numismatic sources regarding the successor of Tiridates.[1] the collation of various Classical and Armenian sources, Sanatruk is assumed to have reigned around the start of the 2nd century.[1] Certain scholars proposed that Sanatruk succeeded Tiridates between 75 and 110 but this hypothesis for which there is no explicit evidence has been rejected by others.[2] His merits are praised by Arrian in his Parthica where he is equated with the most illustrious Greeks and Romans. Hagiographic tradition blames him for the martyrdom of the Apostle St. Thaddeus in Armenia, as well as his own daughter, St. Sandukht the Virgin.[3] In 110 the throne of Armenia was held by Axidares, the son of the Parthian monarch of Atropatene, Pacorus II of Parthia who was deposed in 113 by Trajan. A number of sources have named Sanatruk as one of the leaders of the revolt against Trajan's occupation by 117.[2] of Chorene writes, that Sanatruk while being a child was taken by a sister of King Abgar of Edessa - Avde from Edessa to Armenia through the Kordvats Mountains, where they were caught in a sudden snow storm. They spent three days battling the storm and the child survived thanks to a white coated animal that kept him warm. It is thought that the animal must have been a white dog based on the etymology of the name Sanatruk that was soon after bestowed on the child (San - accusative form of Armenian Շուն (shun: dog) and truk (truk: tribute/gift ultimately from Armenian tur: give). A literal English translation of Sanatruk would be, Dog's gift. Armenian King, 54-91, Triadates I; Martyr Suchias and his Soldiers in Georgia, Commemorated on April 15; Apostle Bartholomew of the Twelve, Commemorated on June 11 ;

Armenia, 98-117, Sarbelus & Bebaia oEdessa, Martyred bTrajan, Pagan priest. both converted by Edessa Bishop Barsimaius
Armenia, 98-117, Sarbelus oEdessa, Syria (Intersection and Euphrates River 3), Martyred with his sister bTrajan, Pagan priest & sister Bebaia converted by Edessa Bishop Barsimaius; Edessa, Syria; St Sarbelus of Edessa, January 29 ; Holy Martyr Sarbelus was a pagan priest who lived during the reign of the emperor Trajan (98-117) and his sister Bebaia were converted by Barsimaius, the Bishop of Edessa. both received the crown of martyrdom. Saints Sarbelus and Bebaia are also commemorated on October 15.

Armenia, 98-117, Phocus, Bishop of Sinope, martyred enclosed in hot bath, not the Gardener
Armenia, 98-117, Phocus, Bishop of Sinope, martyred enclosed in hot bath, not the Gardener; Sinope, Turkey (Black Sea); Translation of the relics of the Hieromartyr Phocas the Bishop of Sinope, Commemorated on July 22 ; Transfer of the Relics of the Hieromartyr Phocas from Sinope to Constantinople occurred on July 22 in either the year 403 or 404. His life is found under September 22. Apostle Matthias of the Seventy, Commemorated August 9 ; Cappadocian city of Tianum and Sinope; Hieromartyr Phocas the Bishop of Sinope, Commemorated on September 22 ; Phocas was born in the city of Sinope. From youth he led a virtuous Christian life, and in his adult years he became Bishop of Sinope. Saint Phocas converted many pagans to faith in Christ. At the time of a persecution against Christians under the emperor Trajan (98-117), the governor demanded that the saint renounce Christ. After fierce torture they enclosed Saint Phocas in a hot bath, where he died a martyr’s death in the year 117. the year 404, the relics of the saint were transferred to Constantinople (July 22). Hieromartyr Phocas is especially venerated as a defender against fires, and also as a helper of the drowning. Martyr Phocas the Gardener of Sinope, Commemorated on September 22 ; Holy Martyr Phocas the Gardener came from the city of Sinope on the southern shore of the Black Sea. Having a small garden, he lived modestly. He sold what he grew, and supported himself on the proceeds. He helped the needy and paid for the housing of vagrants. The Christian piety of the saint had a great influence on other people. Even pagans deferred to him with deep respect. Under his influence they often abandoned their error and accepted the Christian Faith. governor of the district, aware that Saint Phocas was spreading Christian teachings, gave orders to find and kill him. The saint himself accidentally came upon those sent after him, and without revealing his name, he courteously received them, fed them and prepared a place for them to spend the night. night he went into the garden, then prepared a grave and a place for his burial. He even made arrangements for all his possessions to be distributed to the poor after his death. In the morning Saint Phocas declared to the strangers that it was he for whom they were searching, and told them to fulfill the duty entrusted to them. The visitors were distressed, not wanting to kill the kindly saint. They felt honor bound to spare Saint Phocas, but he would not hear of it, and humbly bent his head beneath the sword. buried the holy Martyr Phocas in the grave that he himself had prepared in the garden. The place of his burial was glorified by miracles, and later a church was built there. An accurate account of the martyr’s death was collected by Asterius of Amasea (+ 410). The holy Martyr Phocas is especially venerated by seafarers, and he is called upon by those traveling by sea. Apostle Andrew, the Holy and All-Praised First-Called, Commemorated on November 30 ;

Armenia, 98-117, Hieromartyr Phocas of Sinope, Paphlagonia, Armenia, bishop, converted many, tortured in hot bath
Armenia, 98-117, Hieromartyr Phocas of Sinope, Paphlagonia, Armenia (Pontine Capital, near Kizilirmak River Mouth, Black Sea), bishop, converted many, tortured in hot bath; Sinope, Turkey (Black Sea); Hieromartyr Phocas the Bishop of Sinope, Commemorated on September 22 ; Phocas was born in the city of Sinope. youth he led a virtuous Christian life, and in his adult years he became Bishop of Sinope. Phocas converted many pagans to faith in Christ. the time of a persecution against Christians under the emperor Trajan (98-117), the governor demanded that the saint renounce Christ. After fierce torture they enclosed Saint Phocas in a hot bath, where he died a martyr’s death in the year 117. the year 404, the relics of the saint were transferred to Constantinople (July 22). Hieromartyr Phocas is especially venerated as a defender against fires, and also as a helper of the drowning.

Armenia, 100, 2nd Century Folder, Hermias of Comona

Armenia, 101-117, Martyrs Sarbelius and Bebaia of Edessa, Pagan Priest and his sister
Armenia, 101-117, Martyrs Sarbelius and Bebaia of Edessa, Pagan Priest and his sister; Martyrs Sarbelius and Bebaia of Edessa, Commemorated on October 15; Holy Martyrs Sarbelus and Bebaia (Barbea) of Edessa were brother and sister, suffering in the second century under the emperor Trajan for confessing Christianity. Saint Sarbelus was a priest of the idols at Edessa, but was converted to Christ by a certain bishop, then he and his sister were baptized. Pagans tortured the saints for a long while, and then beheaded them. saints are also commemorated on January 29. Saint Sarbelus may be the same one who is commemorated on September 5.

Armenia, 115, Martyr Romulus, Great Armenia, Trajan found 11,000 t christians, sent to Armenia, Romulus reproached & confessed
Armenia, 115, Martyr Romulus & others, Great Armenia, 331 BC-428 AD, buffer state between Roman Empire and Persia, 107&115 Trajan found 11,000 christians in his troups, sent them to Armenia, commander Romulus reproached and confessed, beaten and beheaded; Great Armenia, Kingdom of Armenia was bordered by Caucasian Albania in the east, by Caucasian Iberia in the north, by the Roman Empire in the west and by Parthia, later succeeded by Sassanid Empire. The border between Caucasian Iberia and Kingdom of Armenia was Kur river, which was also the border between Caucasian Albania and Kingdom of Armenia ; Martyr Eudoxius, Commemorated September 6 ; Martyr Romulus and with him many others, Commemorated on September 6; Martyr Romulus lived during the reign of the emperor Trajan (98-117) and was a confidant of the emperor by virtue of his office of military commander. the time, Trajan was waging war in the East to put down uprisings against the Romans by the Iberians, Sarmatians, and Arabs. the year 107, and again a second time in 115, the emperor conducted a review of the military strength of his army, and found in his troops upwards of 11,000 Christians. immediately sent these Christians into exile in Armenia in disgrace. Romulus, in view of this, reproached the emperor for his impiety and the sheer folly to diminish the army’s strength during a time of war. Romulus, moreover, acknowledged that he himself was a Christian. The enraged Trajan had the holy martyr subjected to a merciless beating, after which Saint Romulus was beheaded. Christian soldiers sent into exile in Armenia were killed by various forms of execution.

Armenia, 117-138, Eupsychius of Caesurea, tortured healed by angel released, wealth to poor even enemies, again cut w iron hooks
Armenia, 117-138, Eupsychius of Caesurea (Kayseri), Armenia, Cappadocian Capital (Great Road, Kizilirmak River 4), tortured healed by angel released, distributed wealth to poor, even his enemies, captured again, hung up & cut w iron hooks, cut off head; Caesurea, Cappadocia; Martyr Eupsychius of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on September 7 ; Holy Martyr Eupsychius was born in Caesaria, Cappadocia. one of the Synaxaria he is called the son of a senator Dionysius. a time of a persecution against Christians under Hadrian, he was arrested and tortured. the torture they threw him into prison, where he was healed of his wounds by an angel. they set the martyr free, he distributed all his property to the poor. gave away a certain portion even to his enemies, who had reported him and given him over to torture. a new governor, Saint Eupsychius was again arrested. hung him up and cut his body with iron hooks, and then they cut off his head with a sword. The martyr died under the emperor Hadrian (117-138).

Armenia, 138-161, Martyr Hermias of Comana, Cappadocia, hot oven, poison, converted sorcerer, boiliing oil, gouged eyes, skinned, relics
Comana (Cappadocia); Martyr Hermias at Comana, Commemorated on May 31; Martyr Hermias suffered for Christ in the city of Comana during the persecution under the emperor Antoninus Pius (138-161). The governor Sebastian, who was in Cappadocia to arrest Christians, urged the saint to offer sacrifice to the pagan gods, promising him honors and mercy from the emperor. old soldier bravely confessed his faith in Christ. After long exhortation, the governor gave orders to torture the saint. They beat him on the face so that the skin peeled from his face, and they threw him into a red-hot oven. When the oven was opened after three days, the martyr Hermias emerged from it unharmed. governor Sebastian ordered the sorcerer Marus to poison Saint Hermias with a potion. The poisonous drink did the saint no harm. A second goblet with even stronger poison also failed to kill the saint. The sorcerer believed in Christ the Savior, and was immediately beheaded. Saint Marus was baptized in his own blood, and received a martyr’s crown. Hermias was subjected to even more terrible tortures. They raked his body with sharp instruments, threw him in boiling oil, and gouged out his eyes, but he gave thanks to the Lord Jesus Christ. Then they suspended the martyr head downward. For three days he hung in this position. sent by the governor to verify his death found him alive. Struck by the miracle, they were blinded with fright and began to call out to the saint to help them. The holy martyr ordered the blind to approach him, and healed them in the Name of Jesus Christ. anger the governor ordered the skin flayed from the saint’s body, but he remained alive. Then the crazed Sebastian beheaded him with his own sword. Christians secretly buried the body of the martyr Hermias, whose relics bestowed numerous healings.

Armenia, 138-161, Martyr Hermias at Comana, Armenia, tortured and recovered from many things
Armenia, 138-161, Martyr Hermias at Comana, Armenia (Pontica, Armenia, Cappadocia or Cilicia, Zamanti Seyhan River Valley), tortured and recovered from: skin pealed from face, red-hot oven 3 days, strong poison, sharp insturments, boiling oil, gouged out eyes, upside down 3 days, skin flayed again, then beheaded; Comana (Cappadocia); Martyr Hermias at Comana, Commemorated on May 31; Martyr Hermias suffered for Christ in the city of Comana during the persecution under the emperor Antoninus Pius (138-161). governor Sebastian, who was in Cappadocia to arrest Christians, urged the saint to offer sacrifice to the pagan gods, promising him honors and mercy from the emperor. old soldier bravely confessed his faith in Christ. After long exhortation, the governor gave orders to torture the saint. They beat him on the face so that the skin peeled from his face, and they threw him into a red-hot oven. When the oven was opened after three days, the martyr Hermias emerged from it unharmed. governor Sebastian ordered the sorcerer Marus to poison Saint Hermias with a potion. The poisonous drink did the saint no harm. A second goblet with even stronger poison also failed to kill the saint. The sorcerer believed in Christ the Savior, and was immediately beheaded. Saint Marus was baptized in his own blood, and received a martyr’s crown. Hermias was subjected to even more terrible tortures. They raked his body with sharp instruments, threw him in boiling oil, and gouged out his eyes, but he gave thanks to the Lord Jesus Christ. Then they suspended the martyr head downward. For three days he hung in this position. sent by the governor to verify his death found him alive. Struck by the miracle, they were blinded with fright and began to call out to the saint to help them. The holy martyr ordered the blind to approach him, and healed them in the Name of Jesus Christ. anger the governor ordered the skin flayed from the saint’s body, but he remained alive. Then the crazed Sebastian beheaded him with his own sword. Christians secretly buried the body of the martyr Hermias, whose relics bestowed numerous healings.

Armenia, 200, 3rd - 7th Century, Folder, Christian Armenia

Armenia, 200-299. 3rd Century Folder, Enlightener Gregory, Salome, King Tiridates III, Nino, George

Armenia, 201-252, Anak the Parthian, Armenian Parthian Prince, Gregory the Illuminator's father
Armenian Parthian Prince, 3rd Century-252, Anak the Parthian; the Parthian,[1] also known as Anak Pahlavi[2] (flourished 3rd century, died 252[3]), was a Parthian noble who lived during the time of Arsacid Armenia.[4] 1 Biography 2 Family 3 References 4 Sources was an Armenian Parthian nobleman,[5] who was a prince[6] said to be related to the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia[7] or was from the House of Suren,[8][9] one of the seven branches of the ruling Arsacid dynasty[10] of Sakastan.[11] is known of the life of Anak. He married a Parthian noblewoman called Okohe, who bore him sons. Among their children was Gregory.[12] I and his son, Shapur I, incited Anak[13] to murder King Khosrov II of Armenia, promising to return his own domain as a reward.[14] Ardashir I was alarmed by the military victories that Khosrov II with his late father, Tiridates II of Armenia had won against him,[15] as he wanted to expand the Sassanid Empire and to annex Armenia. had won the trust of Khosrov II and had travelled to Vagharshapat.[16] When Anak arrived in Vagharshapat he pretended to take refuge in the Armenian dominions from the persecution of Ardashir I.[17] Anak was hospitably received in Vagharshapat by Khosrov II and then stabbed the king in the heart, also killing Khosrov's wife. Anak was furiously pursued by Armenian soldiers, until he drowned in the Aras River.[18] Armenian army and nobles were outraged by the death of the reigning King and in turn wreaked their vengeance on the family of Anak.[19][20] The only child to survive from Anak’s family was his infant son Gregory,[21] who was taken to Cappadocia by his former caretakers Sopia and Yevtagh, who had escaped the slaughter of Anak’s family. I took possession of Armenia for himself and it became a part of his empire.[22] Troops loyal to Khosrov II, had his son, Tiridates III, taken to Rome for protection[23] where Tiridates III was raised and his daughter Khosrovidkuht was taken to be raised in Caesarea Mazaca, Cappadocia.[24] The foster parents of Khosrovidukht were Awtay, a nobleman from the family of the Amatuni, and Awtay’s wife, a noblewoman whose name is unknown, who was from the family of the Slkunik.[25] Hieromartyr Gregory the Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia, Commemorated on September 30;

Armenia, 201-252, Khosrov II, C King, killed by Gregorys f Sassanian Anak, except for Gregory Anak's family killed
Armenian King, 3rd Century-252, Khosrov II of Armenia; Armenian Parthian Prince, 3rd Century-252, Anak the Parthian; Hieromartyr Gregory the Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia, Commemorated on September 30;

Armenia, 212-251, Alexander of Jerusalem, Bishop, first C Library at J, beasts refused to eat him, died in prison
Jerusalem Patriarch, 212-251, Alexander of Jerusalem; of Jerusalem (died 251 AD) was a third century bishop who is venerated as a martyr and saint by the Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox churches, and the Roman Catholic Church. He died during the persecution of Emperor Decius.[1] Hieromartyr Alexander, Bishop of Jerusalem, Commemorated on December 12 ; Hieromartyr Alexander, Bishop of Jerusalem, was a disciple of the great teacher and writer of the Church, Clement of Alexandria. At the beginning of the third century he was chosen bishop of Flavia, Cappadocia. He was arrested during the reign of the emperor Septimus Severus (193-211) and spent three years in prison. his release from prison he went to Jerusalem to venerate the holy places, and was told to remain there through a divine revelation. In 212 he was chosen as coadministrator with the elderly Patriarch Narcissus, an unusually rare occurrence in the ancient Church. Following the death of Saint Narcissus (August 7), Saint Alexander succeeded him and governed the Church of Jerusalem for thirty-eight years, working for the enlightenment of Christians. He also established the first library of Christian theological works at Jerusalem. Alexander was arrested during the persecution of the Church under the emperor Decius (249-251). The holy martyr was sent to Cappadocia, where he suffered many tortures. He was condemned to be eaten by wild beasts, but they did not harm him. Saint Alexander was cast into prison, where he surrendered his soul to God. hieromartyr Alexander is also commemorated on May 16. St Alexander the Archbishop of Jerusalem, Commemorated on May 16; story as above--------The Hieromartyr Alexander, Bishop of Jerusalem, was a disciple of the great teacher and writer of the Church, Clement of Alexandria. the beginning of the third century he was chosen bishop of Flavia, Cappadocia. He was arrested during the reign of the emperor Septimus Severus (193-211) and spent three years in prison. his release from prison he went to Jerusalem to venerate the holy places, and was told to remain there through a divine revelation. 212 he was chosen as coadministrator with the elderly Patriarch Narcissus, an unusually rare occurrence in the ancient Church. the death of Saint Narcissus (August 7), Saint Alexander succeeded him and governed the Church of Jerusalem for thirty-eight years, working for the enlightenment of Christians. He also established the first library of Christian theological works at Jerusalem. Alexander was arrested during the persecution of the Church under the emperor Decius (249-251). The holy martyr was sent to Cappadocia, where he suffered many tortures. He was condemned to be eaten by wild beasts, but they did not harm him. Saint Alexander was cast into prison, where he surrendered his soul to God in the year 251. The hieromartyr Alexander is also commemorated on December 12.

Armenia, 220-270, Saint, Gregory Thaumaturgus of Neocaesarea, wonderworker, Origin, harlot, clairvoyant, prophet
Pontine Saint, 220-270, Gregory Thaumaturgus of Neocaesarea; Hieromartyr Alexander the Bishop of Comana, Commemorated on August 12; St. Gregory the Wonderworker of Neocaesarea, Commemorated on November 17; Gregory the Wonderworker, Bishop of Neocaesarea, was born in the city of Neocaesarea (northern Asia Minor) into a pagan family. received a fine education, from his youth he strived for Truth, but the thinkers of antiquity were not able to quench his thirst for knowledge. Truth was revealed to him only in the Holy Gospel, and the youth became a Christian. the continuation of his studies Saint Gregory went to Alexandria, known then as a center for pagan and Christian learning. The youth, eager for knowledge, went to the Alexandrian Catechetical School, where the presbyter Origen taught. Origen was a famous teacher, possessing a great strength of mind and profound knowledge. Saint Gregory became a student of Origen. Afterwards, the saint wrote about his mentor: “This man received from God a sublime gift, to be an interpreter of the Word of God for people, to apprehend the Word of God, as God Himself did use it, and to explain it to people, insofar as they were able to understand it.” Saint Gregory studied for eight years with Origen, and was baptized by him. ascetic life of Saint Gregory, his continence, purity and lack of covetousness aroused envy among his conceited and sin-loving peers, pagans that they were, and they decided to slander Saint Gregory. Once, when he was conversing with philosophers and teachers in the city square, a notorious harlot came up to him and demanded payment for the sin he had supposedly committed with her. At first Saint Gregory gently remonstrated with her, saying that she perhaps mistook him for someone else. But the profligate woman would not be quieted. He then asked a friend to give her the money. Just as the woman took the unjust payment, she immediately fell to the ground in a demonic fit, and the fraud became evident. Saint Gregory said a prayer over her, and the devil left her. This was the beginning of Saint Gregory’s miracles. returned to Neocaesarea, the saint fled from the worldly affairs into which influential townsmen persistently sought to push him. He went into the desert, where by fasting and prayer he attained to high spiritual accomplishment and the gifts of clairvoyance and prophecy. Saint Gregory loved life in the wilderness and wanted to remain in solitude until the end of his days, but the Lord willed otherwise. bishop of the Cappadocian city of Amasea, Thedimos, having learned of Saint Gregory’s ascetic life, decided to have him made Bishop of Neocaesarea. But having foreseen in spirit the intent of Bishop Thedimos, the saint hid himself from the messengers of the bishop who were entrusted to find him. Then Bishop Thedimos ordained the absent saint as Bishop of Neocaesarea, beseeching the Lord that He Himself would sanctify the unusual ordination. Saint Gregory perceived the extraordinary event as a manifestation of the will of God and he did not dare to protest. This episode in the life of Saint Gregory was recorded by Saint Gregory of Nyssa (January 10). He relates that Saint Gregory of Neocaesarea received the episcopal dignity only after Bishop Thedimos of Amasea performed all the canonical rites over him. this time, the heresy of Sabellius and Paul of Samosata began to spread. They taught falsely concerning the Holy Trinity. Saint Gregory prayed fervently and diligently imploring God and His most pure Mother to reveal to him the true faith. The All-Holy Virgin Mary appeared to him, radiant like the sun, and with Her was the Apostle John the Theologian dressed in archepiscopal vestments. the command of the Mother of God, the Apostle John taught the saint how to correctly and properly confess the Mystery of the Most Holy Trinity. Saint Gregory wrote down everything that Saint John the Theologian revealed to him. The Mystery of the Symbol of the Faith, written down by Saint Gregory of Neocaesarea, is a great divine revelation in the history of the Church. The teaching about the Holy Trinity in Orthodox Theology is based on it. Subsequently it was used by the holy Fathers of the Church: Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian, and Gregory of Nyssa. The Symbol of Saint Gregory of Neocaesarea was later examined and affirmed in the year 325 by the First Ecumenical Council, showing his enduring significance for Orthodoxy. become a bishop, Saint Gregory set off to Neocaesarea. Along the way from Amasea he expelled devils from a pagan temple, the priest of which he converted to Christ. The convert was witness to still another miracle of the saint, at his word a large stone shifted from its place. preaching of the saint was direct, lively and fruitful. He taught and worked miracles in the name of Christ: he healed the sick, he helped the needy, he settled quarrels and complaints. Two brothers sharing an inheritance were not able to agree over the property of their dead father. There was a large lake over which they argued, for each of the brothers wanted the lake for himself. They both gathered their friends together, and were ready to come to blows. Saint Gregory persuaded them to delay their fight until the following day, and he himself prayed all night long at the shore of the lake which sparked the quarrel. When dawn broke, everyone saw that the lake had dried up or gone underground. Through the intense prayer of the saint, now there was only a stream, and its course defined the boundary line. Another time, during the construction of a church, he commanded a hill to move and make room at the place of the foundation. a persecution against Christians began under the emperor Decius (249-251), Saint Gregory led his flock to a faraway mountain. A certain pagan, knowing about the hiding place of the Christians, informed the persecutors. Soldiers surrounded the mountain. The saint went out into an open place, raised up his hands to heaven and ordered to his deacon to do the same. The soldiers searched the whole mountain, and they went several times right past those praying, but not seeing them, they gave up and went away. In the city they reported that there was nowhere to hide on the mountain: no one was there, and only two trees stood beside each other. The informer was struck with amazement, he repented of his ways and became a fervent Christian. Gregory returned to Neocaesarea after the end of the persecution. By his blessing church Feasts were established in honor of the martyrs who had suffered for Christ. his saintly life, his effective preaching, working of miracles and graced guiding of his flock, the saint steadily increased the number of converts to Christ. When Saint Gregory first ascended his cathedra, there were only seventeen Christians in Neocaesarea. At his death, only seventeen pagans remained in the city.

Armenia, 222-235, Martyr Theodota at Nicea, from Cappadocia, Armenia, felt no pain or scars from iron hooks
Bithynia, 222-235, Martyr Theodota at Nicea; Holy Martyr Theodota, a native of Cappadocia, suffered in the city of Nicea during the reign of the emperor Alexander Severus (222-235). At this time the governor of Cappadocia was a certain Symblicius. They told him that a rich woman named Theodota was confessing Christ. The governor summoned Theodota and for a long time urged her to turn from the true Faith. the futility of his attempts, he gave Theodota over to torture. They suspended her and began to rake her with iron hooks, but she did not feel any pain. Then they put her in chains and led her away to a prison cell. eight days, when they led the saint out for new tortures, only faint traces of the tortures already endured remained on her body. The governor was amazed and asked, “Who are you?” The saint answered: “Your mind is darkened, but if you were sober, then you would have realized that I am Theodota.” commanded the martyr to be cast into a red-hot furnace. Flames shot out from the furnace and scorched those standing nearby, while those remaining unharmed shut the furnace and scattered in fright. After a certain while, pagan priests came and opened the furnace to scatter the ashes of the martyr, but they too were burned by the flames. Those remaining unhurt saw Saint Theodota unharmed. She stood in the midst of the flames between two youths in white raiment, and was glorifying the Lord. This apparition so terrified the pagans that they fell down as if dead. Later, they returned the saint to prison. invincibility of the martyr gave Symblicius no peace. He made a journey to Byzantium, on the return trip he stopped over at Ancyra and tried to get the better of Theodota. He gave orders to throw her all at once onto red-hot iron, but again the martyr remained unharmed. Symblicius gave orders that the saint be taken to Nicea. There, in a pagan temple he wanted to compel her to offer sacrifice to the idols, but through the prayer of the saint, the idols fell and were shattered. The outraged governor gave orders to stretch the martyr out and saw through her body, but here also the power of God preserved the saint. The saw caused Theodota no harm, and the servants became exhausted. Finally, they beheaded the saint. Bishop Sophronius of Nicea buried her body. Nicea (Nicaea); Greatmartyr Euphemia the All-praised, Commemorated on July 11 ; MACRINA THE YOUNGER, MONASTIC AND TEACHER (19 JUL 379) ; Icon of the Mother of God of Armatia, Commemorated on July 21; Martyr Theodota in Bithynia, Commemorated on July 29; Righteous Nonna the mother of St Gregory the Theologian, Commemorated on August 5; Martyr Diomedes the Physician of Tarsus, in Cilicia, Commemorated on August 16; Icon of the Mother of God of Armatia, Commemorated on August 17; St Hosius the Confessor the Bishop of Cordova, Commemorated August 27 ; St Alexander the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on August 30; Fathers of the First Six Councils; First Council of Nicaea; Second Council of Nicaea; Martyr Theodota in Bithynia; Saint Sava I, first Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on August 30 and January 14; St Peter Bishop of Nicea, Commemorated September 10 ; Venerable Paul the Obedient, of the Kiev Caves, Commemorated on September 10; Martyr Theodota at Nicea, Commemorated on September 17 ; Arrival of the Iveron Icon of the Mother of God in Georgia, Commemorated on September 26 ; Martyr Polychronius the Presbyter, Commemorated on October 7 ; St Theophanes the Confessor and Hymnographer, Bishop of Nicea, Commemorated on October 11 ; St Hypatius of Gangra, Commemorated on November 16 ; Commemoration of the Holy Fathers of the Seventh Ecumenical Council; Martyr Eustathius of Nicea, Commemorated on November 20 ; NICHOLAS OF MYRA, FRIEND OF CHILDREN, GIVER OF GIFTS, CLIMBER OF CHIMNEYS, ETC. (6 DEC 326) ; St Paul the Bishop of Neocaesarea, Commemorated December 23 ; Venerable Theodore Graptus, "the branded," Confessor, Commemorated December 27 ; St Athanasius the Great the Archbishop of Alexandria, Commemorated on January 18 ; St Sava I, First Archbishop of Serbia; Martyr Neophytus of Nicea, Commemorated January 21; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated on January 28 ; Martyr Tryphon of Campsada Near Apamea in Syria, Commemorated on February 1 ; Icon of the Mother of God "Iveron", Commemorated February 12 ; St Eustathius the Archbishop of Antioch, Commemorated on February 21; St Tarasius the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated February 25; Martyr Antonina of Nicea, in Bithynia, Commemorated on March 1; Hieromartyr Capiton of Cherson, Commemorated on March 7 ; Martyr Quadratus and the rest of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 10; CYRIL OF JERUSALEM, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (18 MAR 386); Appearance of the Iveron Icon of the Mother of God, Commemorated on March 31; St Plato the Confessor of Studion, Commemorated on April 5; Hieromartyr Zeno the Bishop of Verona, Commemorated on April 12; ATHANASIUS, BISHOP OF ALEXANDRIA, THEOLOGIAN, DOCTOR (2 MAY 373); St Athanasius the Great the Patriarch of Alexandria, Commemorated on May 2 ; Commemoration of the Apparition of the Sign of the Precious Cross Over Jerusalem, in 351 AD, Commemorated on May 7; GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (9 MAY 389); St Epiphanius the Bishop of Cyprus, Commemorated on May 12; St Germanus the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on May 12; St Achilles the Bishop of Larissa, Commemorated on May 15 ; Equal of the Apostles and Emperor Constantine with his Mother Helen, Commemorated on May 21; St Michael the Confessor the Bishop of Synnada, Commemorated on May 23; EPHREM OF EDESSA, DEACON AND HYMN-WRITER (10 JUNE 373); BASIL THE GREAT, BISHOP, THEOLOGIAN (14 JUNE 379); Martyr Antonina of Nicea, Commemorated on June 13; Hieromartyr Eusebius the Bishop of Samosata, Commemorated on June 22; Venerable Athanasius the Founder of the Great Lavra and Coenobitic Monasticism on Mt. Athos, Commemorated on July 5 ;

Armenia, 233-270, Gregory Thaumaturgus, the Wonderworker of Cappadocia, not the illuminator
Cappadocia, 233-270, Gregory Thaumaturgus, the Wonderworker ; St. Gregory the Wonderworker of Neocaesarea, Commemorated on November 17; St. Basil the Great, Archbishop of Casarea in Cappadocia, Commemorated on January 1;

Armenia, 233-270, St Gregory the Wonderworker of Neocaesarea, from John the Thelogian, Symbol of Faith Mystery, Foundational
Armenia, 233-270, St Gregory the Wonderworker of Neocaesarea, Alexandrian Catechetical School, where the presbyter Origen taught, demonic woman story, back to N, wilderness, gifts, L willed otherwise, absent ordination, acceptance, heresy, John t T, Symbol of Faith Mystery, Foundational Neocaesarea; St Gregory the Wonderworker of Neocaesarea, Commemorated on November 17; Gregory the Wonderworker, Bishop of Neocaesarea, was born in the city of Neocaesarea (northern Asia Minor) into a pagan family. received a fine education, from his youth he strived for Truth, but the thinkers of antiquity were not able to quench his thirst for knowledge. Truth was revealed to him only in the Holy Gospel, and the youth became a Christian. the continuation of his studies Saint Gregory went to Alexandria, known then as a center for pagan and Christian learning. The youth, eager for knowledge, went to the Alexandrian Catechetical School, where the presbyter Origen taught. Origen was a famous teacher, possessing a great strength of mind and profound knowledge. Saint Gregory became a student of Origen. Afterwards, the saint wrote about his mentor: “This man received from God a sublime gift, to be an interpreter of the Word of God for people, to apprehend the Word of God, as God Himself did use it, and to explain it to people, insofar as they were able to understand it.” Saint Gregory studied for eight years with Origen, and was baptized by him. ascetic life of Saint Gregory, his continence, purity and lack of covetousness aroused envy among his conceited and sin-loving peers, pagans that they were, and they decided to slander Saint Gregory. when he was conversing with philosophers and teachers in the city square, a notorious harlot came up to him and demanded payment for the sin he had supposedly committed with her. At first Saint Gregory gently remonstrated with her, saying that she perhaps mistook him for someone else. But the profligate woman would not be quieted. He then asked a friend to give her the money. as the woman took the unjust payment, she immediately fell to the ground in a demonic fit, and the fraud became evident. Saint Gregory said a prayer over her, and the devil left her. This was the beginning of Saint Gregory’s miracles. returned to Neocaesarea, the saint fled from the worldly affairs into which influential townsmen persistently sought to push him. He went into the desert, where by fasting and prayer he attained to high spiritual accomplishment and the gifts of clairvoyance and prophecy. Saint Gregory loved life in the wilderness and wanted to remain in solitude until the end of his days, but the Lord willed otherwise. bishop of the Cappadocian city of Amasea, Thedimos, having learned of Saint Gregory’s ascetic life, decided to have him made Bishop of Neocaesarea. having foreseen in spirit the intent of Bishop Thedimos, the saint hid himself from the messengers of the bishop who were entrusted to find him. Then Bishop Thedimos ordained the absent saint as Bishop of Neocaesarea, beseeching the Lord that He Himself would sanctify the unusual ordination. Gregory perceived the extraordinary event as a manifestation of the will of God and he did not dare to protest. This episode in the life of Saint Gregory was recorded by Saint Gregory of Nyssa (January 10). He relates that Saint Gregory of Neocaesarea received the episcopal dignity only after Bishop Thedimos of Amasea performed all the canonical rites over him. this time, the heresy of Sabellius and Paul of Samosata began to spread. They taught falsely concerning the Holy Trinity. Saint Gregory prayed fervently and diligently imploring God and His most pure Mother to reveal to him the true faith. All-Holy Virgin Mary appeared to him, radiant like the sun, and with Her was the Apostle John the Theologian dressed in archepiscopal vestments. the command of the Mother of God, the Apostle John taught the saint how to correctly and properly confess the Mystery of the Most Holy Trinity. Gregory wrote down everything that Saint John the Theologian revealed to him. Mystery of the Symbol of the Faith, written down by Saint Gregory of Neocaesarea, is a great divine revelation in the history of the Church. teaching about the Holy Trinity in Orthodox Theology is based on it. it was used by the holy Fathers of the Church: Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian, and Gregory of Nyssa. Symbol of Saint Gregory of Neocaesarea was later examined and affirmed in the year 325 by the First Ecumenical Council, showing his enduring significance for Orthodoxy. become a bishop, Saint Gregory set off to Neocaesarea. Along the way from Amasea he expelled devils from a pagan temple, the priest of which he converted to Christ. The convert was witness to still another miracle of the saint, at his word a large stone shifted from its place. preaching of the saint was direct, lively and fruitful. He taught and worked miracles in the name of Christ: he healed the sick, he helped the needy, he settled quarrels and complaints. Two brothers sharing an inheritance were not able to agree over the property of their dead father. There was a large lake over which they argued, for each of the brothers wanted the lake for himself. They both gathered their friends together, and were ready to come to blows. Saint Gregory persuaded them to delay their fight until the following day, and he himself prayed all night long at the shore of the lake which sparked the quarrel. When dawn broke, everyone saw that the lake had dried up or gone underground. Through the intense prayer of the saint, now there was only a stream, and its course defined the boundary line. Another time, during the construction of a church, he commanded a hill to move and make room at the place of the foundation. a persecution against Christians began under the emperor Decius (249-251), Saint Gregory led his flock to a faraway mountain. A certain pagan, knowing about the hiding place of the Christians, informed the persecutors. Soldiers surrounded the mountain. The saint went out into an open place, raised up his hands to heaven and ordered to his deacon to do the same. The soldiers searched the whole mountain, and they went several times right past those praying, but not seeing them, they gave up and went away. In the city they reported that there was nowhere to hide on the mountain: no one was there, and only two trees stood beside each other. The informer was struck with amazement, he repented of his ways and became a fervent Christian. Gregory returned to Neocaesarea after the end of the persecution. By his blessing church Feasts were established in honor of the martyrs who had suffered for Christ. his saintly life, his effective preaching, working of miracles and graced guiding of his flock, the saint steadily increased the number of converts to Christ. When Saint Gregory first ascended his cathedra, there were only seventeen Christians in Neocaesarea. At his death, only seventeen pagans remained in the city.

Armenia, 243-330, Great Martyr Irene, Magedon, Persia, wealthy, beautiful, high tower isolation, many miracles, much more
Persia, 243, Great Martyr Irene, Magedon, Persia (near Shiraz), wealthy, beautiful, high tower isolation from Christianity, 13 maidens w her, old C tutor Apellian, savior, faith, virtues , vision dove (superior education), olive branch (grace of God), eagle flowers, raven snake (suffering and sorrow), Lord wishes to betroth her, baptized Irene (peace), motionless horse hooves, horses remove fathers hand, she heals him, she preacher, Sedekias orders idol s, pit w vipers 10 days, unharmed, angel p and food, son Sapor, entire army blinded, healed, refused, lightning killed S, she converted 5,000, to Callinicus Syria, tortured 3 bronze oxen, 3rd ox walks, split, she emerged thousands c, to Constantina near Edessa, Armenia, beheaded buried by Saphor II in 330, raised by Angel, to Mesembria, king and subjects baptized, to Ephesus, received time of death, to cave; Magedon, Persia ; Great Martyr Irene, Commemorated on May 5; ---------------------The holy Great Martyr Irene was born in the city of Magedon in Persia during the fourth century. She was the daughter of Licinius, the pagan ruler of a certain small kingdom, and his wife Licinia, and at birth her parents named her Penelope. was very beautiful, and her father kept her isolated in a high tower from the time she was six so that she would not be exposed to Christianity. also placed thirteen young maidens in the tower with her. old tutor by the name of Apellian was appointed to give her the best possible education. Apellian was a Christian, and during her lessons, he told the girl about Christ the Savior and taught her about the Christian Faith and Christian virtues. Penelope reached adolescence, her parents began to think about her marriage. One night Penelope beheld the following vision: a dove entered the tower with an olive branch in its beak, depositing it on the table. An eagle also flew in carrying a wreath of flowers, and left it on the table. Then a raven flew in through another window and dropped a snake on the table. In the morning Penelope woke up and wondered about the meaning of the things she had seen. She related them to her tutor Apellian and he explained that the dove symbolized her superior education, and that the olive branch represented the grace of God which is received in Baptism. The eagle and the olive branch indicated success in her future life. The snake signified that she would experience suffering and sorrow. the end of the conversation Apellian said that the Lord wished to betroth her to Himself and that Penelope would undergo much suffering for her heavenly Bridegroom. After this Penelope refused marriage, was baptized by the priest Timothy, and he named her Irene (peace). She even urged her own parents to become Christians. Shortly after being baptized, she smashed all her father’s idols to pieces. Saint Irene had dedicated herself to Christ, she refused to marry any of the suitors her father had chosen for her. When Licinius learned that his daughter refused to worship the pagan gods, he was furious. He attempted to turn her from Christ by having her tortured. She was tied up and thrown beneath the hooves of wild horses so that they might trample her to death, but the horses remained motionless. Instead of harming the saint, one of the horses charged Licinius, seized his right hand and tore it from his arm. Then it knocked Licinius down and began to trample him to death. This caused a great deal of confusion among the people there but Irene consoled them with the words of Christ: “All things are possible to the one who believes” (Mark 9: 23). And indeed, with wondrous faith, she prayed and through her prayers Licinius rose unharmed in the presence of many eyewitnesses with his hand intact. Then, Licinius and his wife were baptized as Christians, along with almost 3000 others who turned away from the worship of inanimate idols. Licinius abandoned his domain and lived in the tower he had built for his daughter. There he spent the rest of his life in repentance. Irene lived in the house of her teacher Apellian, and she began to preach Christ among the pagans, leading them to the path of salvation. Sedekias (Yesdegerd), the new prefect of the city, heard of the miracles performed by the saint, he summoned Apellian and questioned him about Irene’s manner of life. Apellian replied that Irene, like other Christians, lived in strict temperance, devoting herself to constant prayer and reading holy books. summoned the saint to him and urged her to stop preaching about Christ. He also attempted to force her to sacrifice to the idols. Saint Irene staunchly confessed her faith before the prefect, not fearing his wrath, and prepared to undergo suffering for Christ. order of Sedekias she was thrown into a pit filled with vipers and serpents. The saint spent ten days in the pit and remained unharmed, for an angel of the Lord protected her and brought her food. Sedekias ascribed this miracle to sorcery, and he subjected Saint Irene to many other tortures, but she remained unharmed. Under the influence of her preaching and miracles even more people were converted to Christ, and turned away from the worship of inanimate idols. was deposed by his son Sapor, who persecuted Christians with an even greater zeal than his father had done. Saint Irene went to her home town of Magedon in Persia to meet Sapor and his army, and ask him to end the persecution. When he refused, Saint Irene prayed and his entire army was blinded. She prayed again and they received their sight once more. In spite of this, Sapor refused to recognize the power of God. Because of his insolence, he was struck and killed by a bolt of lightning. this, Saint Irene walked into the city and performed many miracles. She returned to the tower built by her father, accompanied by the priest Timothy. Through her teaching, she converted five thousand people to Christ. the saint went to the city of Callinicus, or Callinicum (possibly on the Euphrates River in Syria). The ruler of that place was King Numerian, the son of Sebastian. she began to teach about Christ, she was arrested and tortured by the pagan authorities. They enclosed her inside three bronze oxen, one after another, which were heated until they were red-hot. When the Great Martyr was placed within the third ox, it began to walk about, and then it split asunder. Saint Irene emerged from it as if from the fires of hell. This resulted in thousands of souls converting to the faith of Christ. the approach of death, Numerian instructed his eparch Babdonus to continue torturing the saint in order to force her to sacrifice to idols. Once again, the tortures were ineffective, and many people turned to Christ. ’s holy martyr then traveled to the city of Constantina, forty miles northeast of Edessa. By 330, the Persian king Sapor II (309-379) had heard of Saint Irene’s great miracles. To prevent her from winning more people to Christ, she was arrested, beheaded, and then buried. However, God sent an angel to raise her up again, and she went into the city of Mesembria. After seeing her alive and hearing her preach, the local king was baptized with many of his subjects. to convert even more pagans to Christianity, Saint Irene went to Ephesus, where she taught the people and performed many miracles. The Lord revealed to her that the end of her life was approaching. Saint Irene left the city accompanied by six people, including her former teacher Apellian. On the outskirts of the town, she found a new tomb in which no one had ever been buried. After making the Sign of the Cross, she went inside, directing her companions to seal the entrance to the cave with a large stone, which they did. She also told them that that no one should move the stone until four days had passed. returned after only two days, and found that the stone had been rolled away and the tomb was empty. There are conflicting accounts about her holy relics being taken to Constantinople and other places, including Patras, Samos, and Patmos. According to the Western Martyrologies, Saint Irene was martyred in Thessaloniki after being thrown into the fire, while according to the Menologion of Emperor Basil II, Saint Irene completed her martyric contest by being beheaded. Irene led thousands of people to Christ through her preaching, and by her example. The Church continues to honor her memory and to seek her heavenly intercession. She is invoked by those wishing to effect a swift and happy marriage. In Greece, she is also the patron saint of policemen. Saint Irene is also one of the twelve Virgin Martyrs who appeared to Saint Seraphim of Sarov (January 2) and the Diveyevo nun Eupraxia on the Feast of the Annunciation in 1831. By her holy prayers, may the Lord have mercy upon us and save us. Amen.

Armenia, 243-330, Saint Irene or Penelope from Shiraz, Persia, to Sapor to end persecution, e army blinded
Great Martyr Irene, Commemorated on May 5; was deposed by his son Sapor, who persecuted Christians with an even greater zeal than his father had done. Saint Irene went to her home town of Magedon in Persia to meet Sapor and his army, and ask him to end the persecution. When he refused, Saint Irene prayed and his entire army was blinded. She prayed again and they received their sight once more. In spite of this, Sapor refused to recognize the power of God. Because of his insolence, he was struck and killed by a bolt of lightning. this, Saint Irene walked into the city and performed many miracles. She returned to the tower built by her father, accompanied by the priest Timothy. Through her teaching, she converted five thousand people to Christ. Next, the saint went to the city of Callinicus, or Callinicum (possibly on the Euphrates River in Syria). The ruler of that place was King Numerian, the son of Sebastian. When she began to teach about Christ, she was arrested and tortured by the pagan authorities. They enclosed her inside three bronze oxen, one after another, which were heated until they were red-hot. When the Great Martyr was placed within the third ox, it began to walk about, and then it split asunder. Saint Irene emerged from it as if from the fires of hell. This resulted in thousands of souls converting to the faith of Christ. the approach of death, Numerian instructed his eparch Babdonus to continue torturing the saint in order to force her to sacrifice to idols. Once again, the tortures were ineffective, and many people turned to Christ. ’s holy martyr then traveled to the city of Constantina, forty miles northeast of Edessa. By 330, the Persian king Sapor II (309-379) had heard of Saint Irene’s great miracles. To prevent her from winning more people to Christ, she was arrested, beheaded, and then buried. However, God sent an angel to raise her up again, and she went into the city of Mesembria. After seeing her alive and hearing her preach, the local king was baptized with many of his subjects. Wishing to convert even more pagans to Christianity, Saint Irene went to Ephesus, where she taught the people and performed many miracles. The Lord revealed to her that the end of her life was approaching. Then Saint Irene left the city accompanied by six people, including her former teacher Apellian. On the outskirts of the town, she found a new tomb in which no one had ever been buried. After making the Sign of the Cross, she went inside, directing her companions to seal the entrance to the cave with a large stone, which they did. She also told them that that no one should move the stone until four days had passed. returned after only two days, and found that the stone had been rolled away and the tomb was empty. There are conflicting accounts about her holy relics being taken to Constantinople and other places, including Patras, Samos, and Patmos. According to the Western Martyrologies, Saint Irene was martyred in Thessaloniki after being thrown into the fire, while according to the Menologion of Emperor Basil II, Saint Irene completed her martyric contest by being beheaded. Irene led thousands of people to Christ through her preaching, and by her example. The Church continues to honor her memory and to seek her heavenly intercession. She is invoked by those wishing to effect a swift and happy marriage. In Greece, she is also the patron saint of policemen. Saint Irene is also one of the twelve Virgin Martyrs who appeared to Saint Seraphim of Sarov (January 2) and the Diveyevo nun Eupraxia on the Feast of the Annunciation in 1831. By her holy prayers, may the Lord have mercy upon us and save us. Amen.

Armenia, 244-250, Mercurius of Cappadocia, roman soldier, barbarians, angel, sword, martyr, myrrh
Armenia, 244-250, Mercurius of Cappadocia, roman soldier, barbarians, angel, sword, martyr, myrrh, aScythian, Roman Soldier, Emperors Decius&Valerian decree worship pagan gods or death, Angel gives M sword&says fear not, do not forget God wVictorious, M kills king wins victory, D makes him entire army commander, honors riches, Angel appears again tRemind him& prophecy suffering&heavenly crown, M weeps he hadn't devoted life to God as his father&grandfather, Decius consulted on State Matters then suggested they honor Artemis, M avoids bReturning home, M denounced by nobleman, Emperor not believe, questioned him, M declared&threw down honors received, M again visited by angel in prison, endure, streached between 4 pillars, fire beneath, cut wKnives, blood puts out fire, healed bLords power back in prison, M worthy oVision oJesus promising quick release fSufferings, beheaded aCaesarea, body emitted myrrh&incense, many healed aTomb; Cappadocia, 244-250, Cappadocian Saint, Mercurius; Great Martyr Mercurius of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on November 24; Holy Great Martyr Mercurius, a Scythian by descent, served as a soldier in the Roman army. The impious emperors Decius (249-251) and Valerian (253-259) issued a decree ordering all Roman citizens to worship the pagan gods, and condemning Christians to torture and death unless they obeyed the decree. that time barbarians attacked the Roman empire, and the emperor Decius went on campaign with a large army. one of the battles an angel of the Lord appeared to Mercurius in the guise of a nobleman and presented him a sword saying, œFear not, Mercurius. Go forth bravely against the enemy, and when you are victorious, do not forget the Lord your God. this sword the holy warrior cut through the ranks of the barbarians. He also killed their king, winning victory for the Romans. grateful Emperor Decius rewarded Saint Mercurius for his bravery, and made him commander of the entire army. angel of the Lord appeared again to the holy warrior, who had received great honors and riches, and reminded him by Whom the victory had been given. also told General Mercurius that he would suffer for Christ, and would receive a crown of victory in His Kingdom. recalled that his father Gordian had also confessed the Christian Faith. Although the saint had been baptized, he felt he had not devoted his life to God as his father and grandfather had done. Thus, he was weeping and lamenting when he was summoned before the emperor. consulted Mercurius on matters of state, then suggested that they offer sacrifice in the temple of Artemis. Not wishing to do this, the saint returned to his home. He was denounced as a Christian by a nobleman, whose name was Catullus. The emperor would not believe this, however, until he himself had questioned the saint. Openly declaring himself a Christian, Mercurius threw down his military belt and cloak at the emperor™s feet, and he repudiated all the honors he had received. The angel of the Lord again appeared to Saint Mercurius in the prison, encouraging him to endure every suffering for Christ. stretched the holy martyr between four pillars and lit a fire beneath him. cut his body with knives, and so much blood flowed from his wounds that it extinguished the fire. they threw him back into the prison nearly dead from his wounds, Saint Mercurius was healed by the Lord, demonstrating the great power of Christ to the impious pagans. to death, the saint was deemed worthy of a vision of the Lord, Who promised him a quick release from his sufferings. Great Martyr Mercurius was beheaded at Caesarea in Cappadocia. holy body emitted a fragrance like myrrh and incense. Many of the sick were healed at his tomb. after his death the warrior of Christ performed a soldier’s service for the good of the earthly Church. Saint Basil the Great (January 1) once prayed before an icon of the Most Holy Theotokos, upon which Saint Mercurius was depicted as a soldier holding a spear. He asked God not to permit the emperor Julian the Apostate (361-363) to return from his war against the Persians and resume his oppression of Christians. The image of the holy Great Martyr Mercurius, depicted on the icon beside the image of the Most Holy Theotokos, became invisible. It reappeared later with a bloodied spear. this very moment Julian the Apostate, on his Persian campaign, was wounded by the spear of an unknown soldier, who immediately disappeared. The mortally wounded Julian, as he lay dying, cried out, “Thou hast conquered, O Galilean!â€ Most Holy Theotokos, through the prayers of Saint Basil, had sent Saint Mercurius to defend the Christians from the apostate Julian. May we also be preserved from God’s foes, overcoming them through the prayers and assistance of Saint Mercurius. Martyr Eupsychius of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on April 9;

Armenia, 249-251, Troadius oNeocaesarea, suffered under Decius enduring horrible tortures, Gregory oN foretold and witnessed in a vision, plus, he saw T's soul departing his body
Armenia, 249-251, Troadius oNeocaesarea, Pontus, Armenia (Kelkit River 3, Iris River Crossroads), suffered under Decius enduring horrible tortures, Saint Gregory oN foretold and witnessed his martyrdom in a vision, plus he saw T's soul departing his body; Neocaesarea; Martyr Troadius of Neocaesarea, Commemorated on March 2; Holy Martyr Troadius suffered for Christ in Neocaesarea, Pontus under the emperor Decius (249-251), enduring horrible tortures. Gregory of Neocaesarea (November 17) foretold his martyrdom and witnessed his sufferings in a vision. also saw the soul of Saint Troadius departing from his body and hastening joyfully to Heaven.

Armenia, 249-259, Polyeuktos1, first Melitene martyr, Armenia, tore up Decius' edict, trampled idols, baptized in his blood
Armenia, 249-259, Polyeuktos1, first Melitene martyr, Armenia, tore up Decius' edict, trampled idols, baptized in his blood, Decius' soldier, martyred bValerian, frined oNearkhos fellow soldier, firm christian, P remained Pagan, N said he would be tortured&separated, P said he saw Christ in dream, dressed him radiant garment, so now prepared to serve Jesus, tCity square, tore Decius' edict requiring idol worship, trampled 12 idols in procession, father-in Law responsible fEdict enforcement told him obey edict, but must obey God rather than men, baptized in own blood, during Constantine's reign church built iMelitene for him, many intercession miracles there incl Euthymios' parents praying fSon i376, and Bishop Akakios ot3rd EC, orthodoxy proponent, patron saint oVows&treaties; Malatya; Martyr Polyeuctus of Melitene, in Armenia, Commemorated on January 9 ; Polyeuktos1 was the first to be martyred for Christ in the Armenian city of Melitene. was a soldier during the reign of Emperor Decius (249-251), and he later suffered martyrdom in the reign of Valerian (253-259). was a friend of Nearkhos a fellow-soldier and a firm Christian. Polyeuktos, however, although he led a virtuous life, he remained a pagan. the persecution against Christians began, Nearkhos said to Polyeuktos, Friend, soon we shall be separated, for they will take me to torture, and you, alas, will renounce your friendship with me. told him that he had seen Christ in a dream. The Savior took his soiled military cloak from him and dressed him in a radiant garment. Now, he said, I am prepared to serve the Lord Jesus Christ. with zeal, Saint Polyeuktos went to the city square, and tore up the edict of Decius which required everyone to worship the idols. few moments later, he met a procession carrying twelve idols through the streets of the city. Dashing the idols to the ground, he trampled them underfoot. father-in-law, the magistrate Felix, who was responsible for enforcing the imperial edict, was horrified at what Saint Polyeuktos had done and advised him to obey the imperial edict. told him that we must obey God rather than men. declared that Polyeuktos must die for this. Go then, bid farewell to your wife and children, he said. wept and urged her husband to renounce Christ. Felix also wept, but Saint Polyeuktos remained steadfast in his resolve to suffer for Christ. his head beneath the executioner's sword, he was baptized in his own blood. the reign of Saint Constantine the Great, when the Church of Christ had triumphed throughout the Roman Empire, a church was built at Melitene in honor of Saint Polyeuktos. miracles were worked through his intercession. that same church, the parents of Saint Euthymios the Great (January 20) prayed fervently for a son. The birth of this great luminary of Orthodoxy occurred in the year 376, through the prayers of the Holy Martyr Polyeuktos. Polyeuktos was also venerated by Saint Akakios, the Bishop of Melitene (March 31), who participated in the Third Ecumenical Council, and was a great proponent of Orthodoxy. the East, as well as in the West, the Holy Martyr Polyeuktos is venerated as the patron Saint of vows and treaties. Polyeucte Overture of French composer Paul Dukas is only one of many pieces of classical music inspired by the Saints. It premiered in January of 1892. The French dramatist Pierre Corneille has also written a play, Polyeucte (1642), based on the Martyr’s life. The name Polyeuktos means much-desired.

Armenia, 250, 3rd C, Blaise fCaesurea, a shepherd, caldron boiling water, unharmed, governor jumped in, died, staff became tree
Armenia, 250, 3rd C, Blaise fCaesurea (Kayseri), Armenia, Cappadocian Capital (Great Road, Kizilirmak River 4), a shepherd, surrendered to torturers, beat him leather thongs, Lord healed, threw caldron boiling water, unharmed, pagan soldiers saw miracle, converted, governor jumpte in to prove water cold, died, Blaise converted many died peacefully, staff thrown into ground near relics became tree, branches covered church over relics; Caesurea, Cappadocia; Martyr Blaise of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated February 3 ; Blaise of Caesarea lived in the third century. was from Caesarea in Cappadocia (Asia Minor) and was a shepherd. a persecution against Christians began, Saint Blaise surrendered himself into the hands of the torturers. subjected him to torture, and beat him with leather thongs, the Lord healed his wounds. then threw Blaise into a cauldron of boiling water, but he remained there unharmed. pagan soldiers, seeing this miracle, came to believe in Christ. governor, wishing to show that the martyr remained unharmed because the water had cooled, jumped into the cauldron and died. brought many to faith in Christ, Saint Blaise peacefully surrendered his soul to God. thrust the saint’s shepherd’s staff into the ground, and it grew up into a large tree, which covered with its branches a church built over his relics.

Armenia, 269, Adrian at Caesurea (Kayseri), Armenia, Cappadocian Capital, Martyrdom under Bishop Firmilian, by sword
Armenia, 269, Adrian at Caesurea (Kayseri), Armenia, Cappadocian Capital (Great Road, Kizilirmak River 4), Martyrdom under Bishop Firmilian, by sword; Caesurea, Cappadocia; Martyr Adrian at Caesarea, Cappadocia, Commemorated on February 3; Adrian of Baneas of Caesarea in Cappadocia. suffered martyrdom under Governor Firmilianus. was put to death by the sword, but entered into eternal life.

Armenia, 275, Mamas, Child Martyr at 15, of Caesarea, Cappadocia, Armenia, liberated by angel, Lion companion
Capadocia, 275, Child Martyr Saint Mammes of Caesarea; Mammes (Mamas, Mammas, Mammet) of Caesarea was a child-martyr of the 3rd century, who was martyred at Caesarea.[1] His parents, Theodotus and Rufina, were also martyred.[2] Mammes and Duke Alexander, tapestry by Jean Cousin the Elder, ca. 1541. in prison to parents who had been jailed for being Christians, Mammes became an orphan when his parents were executed.[3] After their death, Mammes was raised by a rich widow named Ammia, who died when Mammes was 15 years old. to legend, Mammes was tortured for his faith by the governor of Caesarea and was then sent before the Roman Emperor Aurelian, who tortured him again. The Mammes legend states that an angel then liberated him and ordered him to hide on a mountain near Caesarea. was later thrown to the lions, but he managed to make the beasts docile by preaching to them. Afterward, a lion remained with him as a companion. Accompanied by the lion, he visited Severus Alexander , who sentenced him to death.[4] He was struck in the stomach with a trident. Bleeding, Mammes dragged himself to a spot near a theater before his soul was carried into heaven by angels. Venerable Simeon the New Theologian, Commemorated on March 12;

Armenia, 277-331, Gregory the Illuminator, Bishop of Greater Armenia, pit for 14 years, converted Tridates III, much more
Armenia, 277-331, Gregory the Illuminator, Bishop of Greater Armenia, pit for 14 years, converted Tridates III, Anak's son, to atone for Anak served Tridates, prince of Goths challanged Emperor, T defeats goth for emperor, T maded king of Armenia, G tortured for refusing to sacrifice, suspended down by neck stone and choked by smoke 3 days, iron sandels w nails, sang psalms, healed in prison, cheerful before T, hot tin snake pit, unharmed, fed by women 14 years, T kills virgins, T seems lose mind, face like wild boars, G from pit washed led to T, G asks T for V relics, people want church, relics into c, G leads T into church to ask relics pray Christ for T, T face healed, T baptized; Hieromartyr Gregory, Enlightener of Greater Armenia, was born in the year 257. was descended from a line of Parthian Arsakid kings. the father of Saint Gregory, was a Parthian by birth. his quest for the Armenian throne, Anak and his brother attacked their kinsman, King Kursar with their swords, leaving him mortally wounded. The King's servants found him still alive, and he was able to tell them what had happened. he expired, the King ordered the execution of Anak, his brother, and also their wives and children. murderers were caught by a river, where they were slain and their bodies were thrown into the water. of Anak's relatives saved Gregory and his brother, who were infants, and hid them in his home. was a revolt in Armenia, and King Artasirus of Persia was able to conquer Armenia and bring it under his rule. for Arak's sons, one was taken to Persia, and Gregory was sent to the Roman Empire. he reached adulthood, Gregory lived in Caesarea in Cappadocia, where he was converted to the Christian Faith. married, and had two sons, but soon was left a widower. raised his sons in piety. One of them, Orthanes, later became a priest, and the other, Arostanes, was tonsured as a monk and went into the wilderness to live in solitude. order to atone for the sin of his father, who had murdered the father of Tiridates, Gregory entered into the latter's service, and was a faithful servant to him. who was serving in the Roman army, loved Gregory like a friend, but when he learned that Gregory was a Christian, he became angry. Gregory, however, ignored his master's unjust wrath. the Goths attacked the Roman Empire, the Prince of the Goths challenged the Emperor to single combat. The Emperor was afraid to fight the Prince, he had Tiridates put on his armor and take his place. Tiridates defeated his adversary without using his sword, and led him as a captive to the Emperor. the entire Gothic army was defeated. gratitude, the Emperor made Tiridates King of Armenia. Tiridates offered sacrifice to his "gods" for his new position, he wanted Gregory to sacrifice with him. Gregory refused, and so Tiridates ordered that he be tortured. Saint was suspended head downward, with a stone about his neck, and for several days they choked him with a foul-smelling smoke, they beat and ridiculed him, and forced him to walk in iron sandals inset with nails. these torments, Saint Gregory sang Psalms. prison the Lord healed all his wounds. Gregory stood before the King cheerful and unharmed, he was astonished and ordered that the torments be repeated. Gregory endured them, not wavering, with his former determination and bearing. then poured hot tin over him and threw him into a pit filled with snakes, scorpions, and other poisonous creatures. Lord, however, spared His chosen one, and he was left unharmed. pious women kept him alive for fourteen years by feeding him with bread, secretly lowering it into the pit. holy angel appeared to the martyr, strengthening and encouraging him. this time King Tiridates killed the holy virgin Saint Ripsimia, the Eldress Gaianḗ, and 32 other Virgin Martyrs (some sources say 35) from Asia Minor. who seemed to have lost his mind after this, recovered six days later. Then the wrath of God struck King Tiridates, his associates, and the soldiers who had participated in the execution of the virgins. by demons, their appearance resembled wild boars, as once happened to Nebuchadnezzar (Daniel 4:30). Running through forests and fields, they tore their clothes and devoured their own flesh. Gregory was taken from from the pit, and then he was washed, dressed in clean clothes, and fed. he was led to the King. Everyone bowed before him, begging him to ask God to heal the King as well as the others responsible for killing the Holy Virgin Martyrs. the Saint asked about their relics, which remained unburied for nine days. Saint Gregory buried the bodies, then began preaching to the people, urging them to turn away from the darkness of idolatry and toward Christ. people came to believe in Christ, and wanted to build a large church. When it was completed, Saint Gregory had the relics of the holy nuns brought into it. he led King Tiridates to the church before the bodies of the Saints whom he had slain, so that they might pray to Christ for him. He repented, and at once his face was restored to its original appearance once more. all of Armenia was converted to Christ. The temples of the idols were destroyed, and churches for the worship of the only true God were built. Gregory ordained priests, established schools, founded monasteries, and provided for the good order of the Church. this, Saint Gregory went into the wilderness, where he ended his earthly life in a manner pleasing to the Lord. son Aristanes was made a bishop in Cappadocia, and was one of the 318 Holy Fathers of. the Council of Nicea. Armenia, 277-331, Gregory the Illuminator, Bishop of Greater Armenia; the Illuminator[1] (c. 257 -331) is the patron saint and first official head of the Armenian Apostolic Church. was a religious leader who is credited with converting Armenia from paganism to Christianity in 301. thus became the first nation to submit to Christianity as its official religion. was the son[2] of the Armenian Parthian nobles[3] Anak the Parthian and Okohe. His father, Anak, was a Prince said to be related to the Arsacid Kings of Armenia[4] or was from the House of Suren, one of the seven branches of the ruling Arsacid dynasty[5][6][7] of Sakastan.[8] Anak was charged with assassinating Khosrov II, one of the kings of the Arsacid dynasty and was put to death. Gregory narrowly escaped execution with the help of Sopia and Yevtagh, his caretakers. He was taken to Caesarea in Cappadocia where Sopia and Yevtagh hoped to raise him. Gregory was given to the Christian Holy Father Phirmilianos (Euthalius) to be educated and was brought up as a devout Christian.[citation needed] coming of age, Gregory married a woman called Miriam, a devout Christian who was the daughter of a Christian Armenian prince in Cappadocia. From their union, Miriam bore Gregory two children, their sons Vrtanes and Aristaces. Through Vrtanes, Gregory and Miriam would have further descendants and when Gregory died, Aristaces succeeded him. At some point, Miriam and Gregory separated in order that Gregory might take up a monastic life. Gregory left Cappadocia and went to Armenia in the hope of atoning for his father's crime by evangelizing his homeland.[8] that time Tiridates III, son of the late King Khosrov II, reigned. Influenced partly by the fact that Gregory was the son of his father's enemy, he ordered Gregory imprisoned for twelve (some sources indicate fourteen) years in a pit on the Ararat Plain under the present day church of Khor Virap located near the historical city Artashat in Armenia. Gregory was eventually called forth from his pit in c. 297 to restore to sanity Tiridates III, who had lost all reason after he was betrayed by Roman emperor Diocletian. Diocletian invaded and vast amounts of territory from western provinces of Greater Armenia became protectorates of Rome.[citation needed] of Christianity in Armenia[edit] 301 Gregory baptized Tiridates III along with members of the royal court and upper class as Christians. Tiridates III issued a decree by which he granted Gregory full rights to begin carrying out the conversion of the entire nation to the Christian faith. The same year Armenia became the first country to adopt Christianity as its state religion.[9] The newly built cathedral, the Mother Church in Etchmiadzin became and remains the spiritual and cultural center of Armenian Christianity and center of the Armenian Apostolic Church. Most Armenians were baptized in the Aratsani (upper Euphrates) and Yeraskh (Arax) rivers. Two princes from Ujjain, India had founded a large kingdom in Armenia in 165 BC and they established 22 cities covering most of modern Armenia including two Hindu temples dedicated to Gisane and Demetr. According to the account of Zenob Glak,[10] one of the first disciples of Gregory the Illuminator, the temples were destroyed and the priests killed along with 1038 defenders of the raid that was ordered by Gregory.[citation needed] of the pre-Christian (traditional Indo-European) festivals and celebrations such as Tyarndarach (Trndez, associated with fire worship) and Vardavar or Vadarvar associated with water worship, that dated back thousands of years, were preserved and continued in the form of Christian celebrations and chants. In 302, Gregory received consecration as Patriarch of Armenia from Leontius of Caesarea,[11] his childhood friend.[citation needed] and death[edit] 318, Gregory appointed his second son Aristaces as the next Catholicos[11] in line of Armenia's Holy Apostolic Church to stabilize and continue strengthening Christianity not only in Armenia, but also in the Caucasus. Gregory also placed and instructed his grandson Gregory (one of the sons of Vrtanes) in charge of the holy missions to the peoples and tribes of all of the Caucasus and Caucasian Albania; the younger man was martyred by a fanatical mob while preaching in Albania.[citation needed] his later years, Gregory withdrew to a small sanctuary near Mount Sebuh (Mt. Sepuh) in the Daranali province (Manyats Ayr, Upper Armenia) with a small convent of monks, where he remained until his death.[citation needed] and Veneration[edit] his death his corpse was removed to the village of Thodanum (T'ordan, modern Doğanköy, near Erzincan). His relics were scattered near and far in the reign of the Eastern Roman Emperor Zeno. In the 8th century, the iconoclast decrees in Greece caused a number of religious orders to flee the Byzantine Empire and seek refuge elsewhere. San Gregorio Armeno in Naples was built in that century over the remains of a Roman temple dedicated to Ceres, by a group of nuns escaping from the Byzantine Empire with the relics of Gregory,[11] including his skull, a femur bone, his staff, the leather straps used in his torture and the manacles that held the saint.[12] The femur and manacles were returned by Pope John Paul II to Catholicos Karekin II and are now enshrined at Saint Gregory the Illuminator Cathedral in Yerevan.[13] The Gregoriou Monastery on Mount Athos also claims to have the skull.[14] The Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin and the Holy See of Cilicia in Antelias, Lebanon each claim to have the right arm of the saint, in an arm-shaped reliquary, which is used for the blessing the Holy Myron every seven years.[citation needed] 20 February, 1743, Nardò, Italy was hit by a devastating earthquake that destroyed almost the entire city. The only structure to survive in tact after the quake was the city’s statue of St. Gregory the Illuminator. According to the city’s registers, only 350 out of the city’s 10,000 inhabitants died in the earthquake, leading the inhabitants to believe that St. Gregory saved the city. Every year, they mark the anniversary of the earthquake by holding three days of celebrations in his honor. Relics of the saint are kept at Nardò Cathedral.[citation needed] number of prayers, and about thirty of the canonical hymns of the Armenian Church, are ascribed to Gregory the Illuminator. Homilies of his appeared for the first time in a work called Haschacnapadum at Constantinople in 1737; a century afterwards a Greek translation was published at Venice by the Mekhiterists; and they have since been edited in German by J M Schmid (Ratisbon, 1872). The original authorities for Gregory's life are Agathangelos, whose History of Tiridates was published by the Mekhitarists in 1835; Moses of Chorene, Historiae Armenicae; and Symeon the Metaphrast.[citation needed] Life of Gregory by the Vartabed Matthew was published in the Armenian language at Venice in 1749 and was translated into English by Father Malan (1868).[citation needed] the calendar of the Armenian Church, the discovery of the relics of St. Gregory is an important feast and is commemorated on the Saturday before the Fourth Sunday after Pentecost.[15] Gregory is commemorated on September 30 by the Orthodox Church, which styles him "Holy Hieromartyr Gregory, Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia." He is listed on September 30 in the Roman Martyrology of the Ordinary Form of the Catholic Church; his feast day is listed as October 1 in the Extraordinary Form. He is honored with a feast day on the liturgical calendar of the Episcopal Church (USA) on March 23.[citation needed] Hieromartyr Gregory the Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia, Commemorated on September 30; Hieromartyr Gregory, Enlightener of Greater Armenia, was born in the year 257. was descended from a line of Parthian Arsakid kings. the father of Saint Gregory, was a Parthian by birth. his quest for the Armenian throne, Anak and his brother attacked their kinsman, King Kursar with their swords, leaving him mortally wounded. The King's servants found him still alive, and he was able to tell them what had happened. he expired, the King ordered the execution of Anak, his brother, and also their wives and children. murderers were caught by a river, where they were slain and their bodies were thrown into the water. of Anak's relatives saved Gregory and his brother, who were infants, and hid them in his home. was a revolt in Armenia, and King Artasirus of Persia was able to conquer Armenia and bring it under his rule. for Arak's sons, one was taken to Persia, and Gregory was sent to the Roman Empire. he reached adulthood, Gregory lived in Caesarea in Cappadocia, where he was converted to the Christian Faith. married, and had two sons, but soon was left a widower. raised his sons in piety. One of them, Orthanes, later became a priest, and the other, Arostanes, was tonsured as a monk and went into the wilderness to live in solitude. order to atone for the sin of his father, who had murdered the father of Tiridates, Gregory entered into the latter's service, and was a faithful servant to him. who was serving in the Roman army, loved Gregory like a friend, but when he learned that Gregory was a Christian, he became angry. Gregory, however, ignored his master's unjust wrath. the Goths attacked the Roman Empire, the Prince of the Goths challenged the Emperor to single combat. The Emperor was afraid to fight the Prince, he had Tiridates put on his armor and take his place. Tiridates defeated his adversary without using his sword, and led him as a captive to the Emperor. the entire Gothic army was defeated. gratitude, the Emperor made Tiridates King of Armenia. Tiridates offered sacrifice to his "gods" for his new position, he wanted Gregory to sacrifice with him. Gregory refused, and so Tiridates ordered that he be tortured. Saint was suspended head downward, with a stone about his neck, and for several days they choked him with a foul-smelling smoke, they beat and ridiculed him, and forced him to walk in iron sandals inset with nails. these torments, Saint Gregory sang Psalms. prison the Lord healed all his wounds. Gregory stood before the King cheerful and unharmed, he was astonished and ordered that the torments be repeated. Gregory endured them, not wavering, with his former determination and bearing. then poured hot tin over him and threw him into a pit filled with snakes, scorpions, and other poisonous creatures. Lord, however, spared His chosen one, and he was left unharmed. pious women kept him alive for fourteen years by feeding him with bread, secretly lowering it into the pit. holy angel appeared to the martyr, strengthening and encouraging him. this time King Tiridates killed the holy virgin Saint Ripsimia, the Eldress Gaianḗ, and 32 other Virgin Martyrs (some sources say 35) from Asia Minor. who seemed to have lost his mind after this, recovered six days later. Then the wrath of God struck King Tiridates, his associates, and the soldiers who had participated in the execution of the virgins. by demons, their appearance resembled wild boars, as once happened to Nebuchadnezzar (Daniel 4:30). Running through forests and fields, they tore their clothes and devoured their own flesh. Gregory was taken from from the pit, and then he was washed, dressed in clean clothes, and fed. he was led to the King. Everyone bowed before him, begging him to ask God to heal the King as well as the others responsible for killing the Holy Virgin Martyrs. the Saint asked about their relics, which remained unburied for nine days. Saint Gregory buried the bodies, then began preaching to the people, urging them to turn away from the darkness of idolatry and toward Christ. people came to believe in Christ, and wanted to build a large church. When it was completed, Saint Gregory had the relics of the holy nuns brought into it. he led King Tiridates to the church before the bodies of the Saints whom he had slain, so that they might pray to Christ for him. He repented, and at once his face was restored to its original appearance once more. all of Armenia was converted to Christ. The temples of the idols were destroyed, and churches for the worship of the only true God were built. Gregory ordained priests, established schools, founded monasteries, and provided for the good order of the Church. this, Saint Gregory went into the wilderness, where he ended his earthly life in a manner pleasing to the Lord. son Aristanes was made a bishop in Cappadocia, and was one of the 318 Holy Fathers of. the Council of Nicea. GREGORY THE ILLUMINATOR, APOSTLE TO ARMENIA (23 March 332); ancient kingdom of Armenia was the first country to become Christian, and it recognizes Gregory as its apostle. was a buffer state between the powerful empires of Rome and Parthia (Persia), and both of them sought to control it. was born about 257. When he was still an infant, his father assassinated the King of Parthia, and friends of the family carried Gregory away for protection to Caesarea in Cappadocia, where he was reared as a Christian. 280 he returned to Armenia, where he was at first treated severely, but eventually by his preaching and example brought both King Tiridates and a majority of his people to the Christian faith. 300, Gregory was consecrated the first bishop of Armenia. He died about 332. Armenian Christians to this day remember him with honor and gratitude. by James Kiefer were the first people to adopt Christianity as the state religion. Tertullian and Eusebius of Caesaria suggest that Christianity was practiced in Armenia as early as the 2nd century. Eusebius also mentions an exchange of letters between Jesus Christ and the Armenian king of Edessa Abkar V (the Black) (9-46 A.D). Legend claims for Armenian the graves of four apostles: Bartholomew, Simon, Thaddaeus, and Jude. It was sometime between 288 and 301 that St. Gregory the Illuminator (Grigor Loussavorich : ca. 240-332), who had been subjected to cruel tortures and incarcerated in a deep well (Khor Virab) for 13 years for refusing to participate in pagan rites, converted King Tiridates (238-314). In 302, St. Gregory was ordained bishop, and in 303 he founded the Cathedral of Etchmiadzin, near Mount Ararat, which, to this day, is the seat of the supreme patriarch or catholicos, the head of the Armenian Church. St. Gregory went on to evangelize several other Caucasian nations and baptized the kings of Iberia (Georgia), Lazes and Albania. Sometime before his death he retired to a solitary life in the wilderness. The patron saint of Armenia, he is now venerated in both the Eastern and Latin Church. from Armenia Online

Armenia, 278-312, Clement of Ancyra, recoveries from extreme torturers by 7 Pagan Leaders over 28yrs, hMother's prophesy
Phrygia, 278-312, Saint Clement of Ancyra, recoveries from extreme torturers by 7 Pagan Leaders over 28yrs, hMother's prophesy, born 258 Ancyra, Galatia, christian mother, adopted bSophia who fed clothed abandoned children, Clement taught them fBaptism, reader deacon, then priest at 18, Ancyra Bishop a20, then Diocletian Persecution 284, tortured healed in Ancyra, hung on tree raked sharp iron entrals visible, mouth smashed wStones, turned on wheel burned over low fire, sent tDiocletion in Rome who did not believe, more Roman torture, , tPrison, Prison became church, many executed, t Maximian iNicomedia, on ship joined by Agathangelus, Maximian sent them to governor Agrippina, inhuman torments, on-lookers pity, pelted torturers wStones, C&A set free, they healed inhabitant laying on oHands, they baptized&taught throngs, arrested sent home new ruler cyrenius tortured them, tAmasea proconsul Dometius, cruelty, whole day in hot lime, unharmed, flayed, beat iron rods, red-hot beds, sulfur on wounds, healed, sent tTarsus, on the way Clement revelation 28yrs suffer for Christ, there multitude of tortures then tPrison, A beheaded Nov 5, C freed tCave church, announced martyrdom at Liturgy, beheaded while serving Liturgy Jan 23; Ancyra; Hieromartyr Clement the Bishop of Ancyra, Commemorated on January 23 ; Hieromartyr Clement was born in the Galatian city of Ancyra in the year 258, a pagan father and a Christian mother. He lost his father when he was an infant, and his mother when he was twelve. predicted a martyr’s death for him because of his belief in Christ. woman named Sophia adopted him and raised him in the fear of God. a terrible famine in Galatia several pagans turned out their own children, not having the means to feed them. took in these unfortunates, and fed and clothed them. Clement assisted her in this. He taught the children and prepared them for Baptism. of them died as martyrs for Christ. Clement was made a reader, and later a deacon. he was eighteen he was ordained to the holy priesthood, at age twenty he was consecrated Bishop of Ancyra. afterwards the persecution against Christians under Diocletian (284-305) broke out. Clement was denounced as a Christian and arrested. the governor of Galatia, tried to make the saint worship the pagan gods, Saint Clement firmly confessed his faith and valiantly withstood all the tortures. suspended him on a tree, and raked his body with sharp iron instruments so that his entrails could be seen. smashed his mouth with stones, they turned him on a wheel and burned him over a low fire. Lord preserved His sufferer and healed his lacerated body. Dometian sent the saint to Rome to the emperor Diocletian himself, with a report that Bishop Clement had been fiercely tortured, but had proven unyielding. seeing the martyr completely healthy, did not believe the report and subjected him to even crueler tortures, and then had him locked up in prison. of the pagans, seeing the bravery of the saint and the miraculous healing of his wounds, believed in Christ. flocked to Saint Clement in prison for guidance, healing and Baptism, so that the prison was literally transformed into a church. word of this reached the emperor, many of these new Christians were executed. struck by the amazing endurance of Saint Clement, sent him to Nicomedia to his co-emperor Maximian. the ship, the saint was joined by his disciple Agathangelus, who had avoided being executed with the other confessors, who now wanted to suffer and die for Christ with Bishop Clement. emperor Maximian in turn sent Saints Clement and Agathangelus to the governor Agrippina, who subjected them to such inhuman torments, that even the pagan on-lookers felt pity for the martyrs and they began to pelt the torturers with stones. been set free, the saints healed an inhabitant of the city through the laying on of hands and they baptized and instructed people, thronging to them in multitudes. again on orders of Maximian, they were sent home to Ancyra, where the ruler Cyrenius had them tortured. they were sent to the city of Amasea to the proconsul Dometius, known for his great cruelty. Amasea, the martyrs were thrown into hot lime. spent a whole day in it and remained unharmed. flayed them, beat them with iron rods, set them on red-hot beds, and poured sulfur on their bodies. this failed to harm the saints, they were sent to Tarsus for new tortures. the wilderness along the way Saint Clement had a revelation that he would suffer a total of twenty-eight years for Christ. having endured a multitude of tortures, the saints were locked up in prison. Agathangelus was beheaded with the sword on November 5. Christians of Ancyra freed Saint Clement from prison and took him to a cave church. after celebrating Liturgy, the saint announced to the faithful the impending end of the persecution and his own martyrdom. January 23, the holy hierarch was killed by soldiers from the city, who stormed the church. The saint was beheaded as he stood before the altar and offered the Bloodless Sacrifice. deacons, Christopher and Chariton, were beheaded with him, but no one else was harmed. Phrygia, 278-312, Saint Clement of Ancyra; Clement, Bishop of Ancyra or simply Clement of Ancyra (c. 258-312) (born in Ancyra present-day Turkey) a bishop who served during the rule of Roman emperor Diocletian. He was arrested by Roman authorities and tried by Diocletian. Emperor Diocletian attempted to convert Clement to Paganism but Clement refused and withstood tremendous torture. was eventually beheaded by a Roman soldier whilst he was celebrating the Divine Liturgy in the year 312.[1] He is venerated on 23 January according to the Gregorian calendar and on 5 February according to the Julian calendar in some Eastern Orthodox countries together with his disciple Agathangelus of Rome. relics are in the saint's altar in the basilica of Our Lady of Trapani in Trapani.[2] Saint Clement Church is the only structure survived from the Byzantine era in Ankara.[3]

Armenia, 280-290, Rhipsime or Hripsime, God preserved her virginity from King Tridates, made her stronger
Armenia, 280-290, Rhipsime orHripsime; Martyr Rhipsime of Armenia, Commemorated on September 30; Ripsimia suffered martyrdom in the year 292, during the reign of Diocletian (284-304). She was very beautiful in terms of her outward appearance, and modest in her character. those days, Diocletian sent men throughout the Empire to find a maiden fairer than all others for him to marry. found Saint Ripsimia, who had consecrated her virginity to Christ, and was living in a community of women in Asia Minor, of which Saint Gaiane was the Superior. messengers had a portrait of Ripsimia made and sent it to Diocletian. The Emperor was captivated by her beauty, and he sent her a letter, asking her to be his wife. Ripsimia, who had Christ as her heavenly Bridegroom, did not want to marry anyone else. Therefore, the nuns decided to take refuge in Arnenia. On the way, they endured hunger, thirst, and many other trials. settled in a vineyard on the slopes of Mount Ararat, and the stronger women would go into the city to work for people in order to earn money to purchase food and other necessities. All the women were willing to endure exile, and to bear every burden and sorrow for the sake of purity. Diocletian was informed that Ripsimia had fled to Armenia, he wrote to his friend King Tiridates saying, "If you find her, send her to me, or, if you wish, marry her yourself." sent his men to search for Ripsimia, and when they found her they surrounded the area so that she could not escape. When he learned how beautiful she was, Tiridates sent her presents and raiment worthy of a queen, so that she might appear before him in a suitable fashion. Ripsimia, however, acting in accordance with the instructions of Saint Gaiane, who had raised her from childhood, rejected these gifts and refused to go to the King. Saint Gaiane told the messengers that these virgins were already betrothed to Christ, and that it was impossible for them to enter into an earthly marriage. the messengers told Tiridates what had happened, he became very angry. He sent one of his princes and an army of soldiers to kill all the virgins and to bring Ripsimia to him by force. When she saw the soldiers approach the virgins with drawn swords, Saint Ripsimia told the Prince, "Take me to your King, but do not harm these virgins." Ripsimia was taken to the royal bedchamber, weeping and praying that God would preserve her virginity. Recalling how He had helped His servants in the past, how He saved Israel from Pharoah's hands, keeping Jonah in the belly of the whale for three days, and how He protected the Three Holy Youths in the fiery furnace, she believed that He would also rescue her from Tiridates. the King entered the chamber he attempted to rape her, but with God's help she became stronger than Tiridates, and he was not able to harm her. Leaving the chamber, the King commanded that Saint Gaiane be brought to him, since he had discovered that she had raised Ripsimia. The King told her to persuade Ripsimia to submit to him, but when the Eldress spoke to her she counseled her to preserve her virginity, which she had dedicated to Christ, and to remember the crown which her Bridegroom had prepared for her. Finally, she said that if the King should put her to death, she would enjoy even greater favor from Christ. that he had accomplished nothing, even though he had struggled with Ripsimia for a long time, the King began to tremble and roll around on the floor. That night, Saint Ripsimia escaped and fled from the city. She found the sisters and told them how she had remained undefiled. next morning some soldiers found Ripsimia and arranged a cruel death for her. First they cut out her tongue, stripped her, tied her hands and feet to columns, and burned her with candles. Then they tore her stomach open with a sharp stone, so that her entrails fell out. Finally, they plucked her eyes out and cut off her members. Having completed her contest, she departed to Christ, the bestower of crowns. Eldress Galane and two other virgins suffered even greater torments. The pagans drilled through their legs, suspended them upside down, and skinned them alive. Cutting their necks from behind, they pulled their tongues out and cut them off. Next, their stomachs were cut with sharp stones so that their entrails fell to the ground. Finally, they were beheaded. other Virgin Martyrs (some sources say there were thirty-five) suffered horrible tortures, and died by the sword, then their bodies were thrown to the wild animals. addition to these holy women, seventy men who were hiding in that area also suffered martyrdom. St Nino (Nina), Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Georgia, Commemorated on January 14;

Armenia, 280-350, James oNisibis, great ascetic Armenia Persian border, clairvoyant, 18 Chapters Orthodox Faith, 1st EC defender
Armenia, 280-350, James oNisibis, Armenia (Tigris River 3), Prince's son, educated, loved solitude, lived in mts around Nizba, Persian Roman Border, ascetic exploits, open sky, tree fruits greens food, goat skins dress, all time in prayer, 284-305 faith confession courage, 314 chosen bishop, glorified bZeal, miracles, clairvoyance, his prayers saved N fInvasion Persian Sapor, 325 1st EC Orthodox faith defender, teacher iHis public school, Great Armenia bishop Gregory requested he write about Orthodox faith, sent 18 chapters, faith, love, fasting, prayer, spiritual warfare, resurrection, pastor duties, circumcision, food choice, Christ as Son oGod, etc, a persuasive clear composition, died peacefully 350 ; Nisibis (Mesopotamia); St James the Bishop of Nisibis, Commemorated January 13 ; James, Bishop of Nisibis, was the son of prince Gefal (Armenia) and received a fine upbringing. the time of his youth he loved solitude, for a long time he lived in the mountains around about the city of Niziba (on the border of the Persian and Roman Empires), he carried out strict ascetic exploits: lived under the open sky, himself with tree fruits and greens, dressed himself in goat-skins. monk passed all this time in prayerful conversations with God. a persecution by the emperor Maximian (284-305) was glorified by a courageous confession of faith. of his strict and pious life the inhabitants of Nisibis chose him as their bishop (no later than the year 314). James was glorified by his ardent zeal for the Orthodox Faith, great miracles by the gift of clairvoyance. his prayers Nisibis was saved from an invasion by Sapor, the emperor of Persia. James, among the Fathers of the First Ecumenical Council, one of the prominent defenders of the Orthodox Faith. wise and educated pastor, he constructed a public school at Nisibis, which he himself was an instructor. made a strong impression on the hearts of his listeners by the high morality of his life. Gregory, bishop of great Armenia, turned to him with a request to write about the faith, the Nisibis pastor sent to him by way of reply a detailed Discourse (18 Chapters): the faith, love, warfare, resurrection of the dead, duties of pastors, circumcision (against the Jews), the choice of foods, Christ as the Son of God, and so on. His composition distinguishes itself by its persuasive clear exposition and warmth. James died peacefully in about the year 350.

Armenia, 280-350. Saint James of Nisibis, Jacob, Gregory's Kin, Armenia (Tigris River 3)
Armenia, 280-350. Saint James of Nisibis, Armenia (Tigris River 3) Nisibis (Mesopotamia); St James the Bishop of Nisibis, Commemorated January 13 ; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated January 28 ;

Armenia, 282-284, Venerable Pelagia, Penitent, Edessa, Beautiful, Dance Troupe, Prostitute, monk disguise, g spiritual gifts
Armenia, 282-284, Venerable Pelagia the Penitent, Edessa; Edessa, Syria; Venerable Pelagia the Penitent, Commemorated on October 8; Pelagia the Penitent was converted to Christianity by Saint Nonnus, Bishop of Edessa (Saturday of Cheesefare Week). Before her acceptance of Christianity through Baptism, Pelagia was head of a dance troupe in Palestinian Antioch, living a life of frivolity and prostitution. day Pelagia, elegantly dressed, was making her way past a church where Saint Nonnus was preaching a sermon. Believers turned their faces away from the sinner, but the bishop glanced after her. Struck by the outer beauty of Pelagia and having foreseen the spiritual greatness within her, the saint prayed in his cell for a long time to the Lord for the sinner. He told his fellow bishops that the prostitute put them all to shame. He explained that she took great care to adorn her body in order to appear beautiful in the eyes of men. “We... take no thought for the adornment of our wretched souls,” he said. Saint Pelagia with Saint Nonnus the following day, when Saint Nonnus was teaching in the church about the dread Last Judgment and its consequences, Pelagia came. The teaching made a tremendous impression upon her. With the fear of God and weeping tears of repentance, she asked the saint for Baptism. Seeing her sincere and full repentance, Bishop Nonnus baptized her. night the devil appeared to Pelagia, urging her to return to her former life. The saint prayed, signed herself with the Sign of the Cross, and the devil vanished. days after her baptism, Saint Pelagia gathered up her valuables and took them to Bishop Nonnus. The bishop ordered that they be distributed among the poor saying, “Let this be wisely dispersed, so that these riches gained by sin may become a wealth of righteousness.” After this Saint Pelagia journeyed to Jerusalem to the Mount of Olives. She lived there in a cell, disguised as the monk Pelagius, living in ascetic seclusion, and attaining great spiritual gifts. When she died, she was buried in her cell. Virginmartyr Pelagia of Antioch, Commemorated October 8 ; Holy Virgin Martyr Pelagia came from Antioch in Syria and was descended from a prominent family during the reign of Emperor Numerian (282- 284). When the ruler of Antioch discovered that Pelagia was a Christian, he sent soldiers to rape her. They had surrounded her house and were about to seize her. the Saint learned of this, she asked the soldiers to let her go and change her clothes. Lifting her hands and her eyes to heaven, she prayed fervently to God not to allow the soldiers to rape her, but that she might depart this life as a pure virgin. Then she opened a window and jumped out, sustaining fatal injuries. Thus, she delivered her pure soul to God, in order to preserve herself from being defiled by the boorish soldiers. She was just fifteen years old. John Chrysostom has written a famous encomium for this Saint, in which he suggests that when Saint Pelagia threw herself out of the window, she was probably hoping to escape in that way, even though she was risking her life because of the danger she was in, and not because she wanted to commit suicide. was a church at Antioch, and another in Constantinople, which were dedicated to Saint Pelagia.

Armenia, 284-305, Athanasia and her three young daughters, Edessa, Armenia, Saints Cyrus and John gave them courage to endure
Armenia, 284-305, Athanasia and her three young daughters. Theoctiste was fifteen; Theodota, was thirteen; and Eudoxia, was eleven, Edessa, Armenia (Intersection and Euphrates River 3), Saints Cyrus and John gave them courage to endure what lay before them; Edessa, Syria; Wonderworker and Unmercenary Cyrus, Commemorated on January 31 ; the city of Edessa at this time lived the soldier John, a pious Christian. When the persecution started, he went to Jerusalem and there he heard about Saint Cyrus. He began to search for him, going first to Alexandria and then to Arabia. When Saint John finally found Saint Cyrus, he remained with him and became his faithful follower. learned of the arrest of the Christian woman Athanasia and her three young daughters. Theoctiste was fifteen; Theodota, was thirteen; and Eudoxia, was eleven. Saints Cyrus and John hastened to the prison to help them. They were concerned that faced with torture, the women might renounce Christ. Cyrus and John gave them courage to endure what lay before them. Learning of this, the ruler of the city arrested Saints Cyrus and John, and seeing their steadfast and fearless confession of faith in Christ, he brought Athanasia and her daughters to witness their torture. The tyrant did not refrain from any form of torture against the holy martyrs. The women were not frightened by the sufferings of Saints Cyrus and John, but courageously continued to confess Christ. They were flogged and then beheaded, receiving their crowns of martyrdom.

Armenia, 284-305, Eustratius at Sebaste, Armenia, Commander, historian, openly confessed, iron nail sandals, forced march
Armenia, 284-305, Eustratius at Sebaste, Armenia (Iris River Source, Kizilirmak River 1) Auxentius of Arabia, Commander Eustratius witnessed, historian, openly confessed, iron nail sandals, forced march, Mardarius, holes drilled in ankles, ropes, upside down, heated nails hammered, third hour prayer, Eugene, ripped out tongue, off hands & feet, beheaded, Orestes, red hot bead, frightened, encouraged, sign of cross, got in, died, Eustratius, burned alive, prayer for Sat. Midnight Office; Sebaste, Armenia ; Martyr Eustratius at Sebaste, Commemorated December 13 ; Holy Martyrs Eustratius, Auxentius, Eugene, Mardarius, and Orestes (the Five Companions) suffered for Christ under the emperor Diocletian (284-305) at Sebaste, in Armenia. the first Christians imprisoned and undergoing torture at that time was Saint Auxentius, a presbyter of the Arabian Church. of those who witnessed the steadfastness of the Christians was the noble military commander Saint Eusthoratius, the city prefect of Satalios, and archivist of the province. He was secretly a Christian, and when he openly confessed his faith, he was subjected to torture. They beat him, and put iron sandals studded with sharp nails on his feet, then forced him to march to the city of Arabrak. the arrival of Saint Eustratius in Arabrak, one of the common people, Saint Mardarius, confessed that he was also a Christian like Saint Eustratius. He was arrested and cast into prison. Holes were drilled in his ankles, and ropes were passed them. He was suspended upside down, then heated nails were hammered into his body. He died a short time later. To him is attributed the prayer “O Master Lord God, Father Almighty ...” (which is read at the end of the Third Hour). for Saint Eugene, they ripped out his tongue, they cut off his hands and feet, and then they beheaded him with a sword. Saint Auxentius was also arrested and beheaded. The young soldier Saint Orestes confessed himself a Christian and stood trial for this “crime.” He was sentenced to be stretched out upon a red-hot iron bed, and became frightened when he approached it. Encouraged by Saint Eustratius, he made the Sign of the Cross and got onto the heated bed, where he surrendered his soul to God. Eustratius was sentenced to be burned alive on December 13. As he was being led to his death, he prayed aloud (“I magnify Thee exceedingly, O Lord, for Thou hast regarded my lowliness...”). This prayer is still read at the Saturday Midnight Office.

Armenia, 284-305, Hieron, M Melitene, pious, conscripted, physical strength, dexterity, resist, not r, beheaded, incorrupt r
Armenia, 284-305, Hieron and Martyrs of Melitene, Armenia; Malatya; 33 Holy Martyrs of Melitene, Commemorated on November 7; holy martyr Hieron was born in the city of Tiana in great Cappadocia. Raised by a pious mother, he was a kindly and good Christian. co-ruling emperors Diocletian (284-305) and Maximian (284-305) sent a large military detachment headed by Lysias to Cappadocia to eradicate Christianity there, and also to conscript healthy and strong men into the imperial army. Among those pressed into service, Lysias also ordered his men to draft Hieron, who was distinguished by his great physical strength and dexterity. But Hieron refused to servebe emperors who persecuted Christians. When they attempted to seize him by force and bring him to Lysias, he took a stick and started beating the soldiers who had been sent to bring him. The soldiers scattered, ashamed of being defeated by a single man. Hieron then hid himself in a cave with eighteen other Christians. Lysias would not risk losing his soldiers by storming the cave. the advice of Cyriacus, one of Hieron’s friends, Lysias lifted the siege of the cave and withdrew his detachment. Then Cyriacus persuaded Hieron not to offer resistance to the authorities. He and the other new conscripts and accompanying soldiers were sent to the nearby city of Melitene. Hieron had a vision in his sleep, in which his impending martyrdom was foretold. Lysias told the soldiers gathered at Melitene to offer sacrifice to the pagan gods. Hieron and another thirty-two soldiers refused to do this, and openly confessed their faith in Christ. Then the persecutor gave orders to beat the martyrs, and to cut off Hieron’s arm at the elbow. After cruel tortures they threw the martyrs into prison barely alive, and they beheaded them four days later. certain rich and illustrious Christian by the name of Chrysanthus ransomed Hieron’s head from Lysias. When the persecutions finally ceased, he built a church on the place where they executed the holy martyrs, and he placed the venerable head in it. The bodies of all the executed saints were secretly buried by Christians. In reign of the emperor Justinian, during the construction of the church of Hagia Eirene (Holy Peace), the venerable relics were uncovered and found incorrupt. other martyrs are: Hesychius, Nicander, Athanasius, Mamas, Barachius, Callinicus, Theogenes, Nikon, Longinus, Theodore, Valerius, Xanthius, Theodoulus, Callimachus, Eugene, Theodochus, Ostrychius, Epiphanius, Maximian, Ducitius, Claudian, Theophilus, Gigantius, Dorotheus, Theodotus, Castrichius, Anicletus, Themelius, Eutychius, Hilarion, Diodotus and Amonitus.

Armenia, 284-305, 33 Martyrs of Melitene, Armenia, Hieron's strength&d, drafted, resist, no r, vision, b, incorrupt r
Armenia, 284-305, Melitene, Armenia (Intersection Road from Ephesus and Euphrates River 2), Hieron's strength and dexterity, drafted, resisted seizure, persuaded no resist, martyrdom vision, arm cut off, beheaded, incorrupt relics; Malatya; 33 Holy Martyrs of Melitene, Commemorated on November 7; holy martyr Hieron was born in the city of Tiana in great Cappadocia. Raised by a pious mother, he was a kindly and good Christian. co-ruling emperors Diocletian (284-305) and Maximian (284-305) sent a large military detachment headed by Lysias to Cappadocia to eradicate Christianity there, and also to conscript healthy and strong men into the imperial army. those pressed into service, Lysias also ordered his men to draft Hieron, who was distinguished by his great physical strength and dexterity. Hieron refused to serve emperors who persecuted Christians. they attempted to seize him by force and bring him to Lysias, he took a stick and started beating the soldiers who had been sent to bring him. The soldiers scattered, ashamed of being defeated by a single man. then hid himself in a cave with eighteen other Christians. would not risk losing his soldiers by storming the cave. the advice of Cyriacus, one of Hieron’s friends, Lysias lifted the siege of the cave and withdrew his detachment. Cyriacus persuaded Hieron not to offer resistance to the authorities. and the other new conscripts and accompanying soldiers were sent to the nearby city of Melitene. Hieron had a vision in his sleep, in which his impending martyrdom was foretold. told the soldiers gathered at Melitene to offer sacrifice to the pagan gods. Hieron and another thirty-two soldiers refused to do this, and openly confessed their faith in Christ. the persecutor gave orders to beat the martyrs, and to cut off Hieron’s arm at the elbow. After cruel tortures they threw the martyrs into prison barely alive, and they beheaded them four days later. certain rich and illustrious Christian by the name of Chrysanthus ransomed Hieron’s head from Lysias. the persecutions finally ceased, he built a church on the place where they executed the holy martyrs, and he placed the venerable head in it. bodies of all the executed saints were secretly buried by Christians. reign of the emperor Justinian, during the construction of the church of Hagia Eirene (Holy Peace), the venerable relics were uncovered and found incorrupt. other martyrs are: Hesychius, Nicander, Athanasius, Mamas, Barachius, Callinicus, Theogenes, Nikon, Longinus, Theodore, Valerius, Xanthius, Theodoulus, Callimachus, Eugene, Theodochus, Ostrychius, Epiphanius, Maximian, Ducitius, Claudian, Theophilus, Gigantius, Dorotheus, Theodotus, Castrichius, Anicletus, Themelius, Eutychius, Hilarion, Diodotus and Amonitus.

Armenia, 284-305, Hieromartyr Emilian, from Armenia to Spoleto, preached Gospel, to Trebium, showed Maximian power of prayer
Rome, 284-305, Hieromartyr Emilian, from Armenia to Spoleto (Nera River 4, foothills Apennine Mountains), preached Gospel to pagans, to Trebium, showed Maximian power of prayer, crippled man, pagan priests appealed to idols, E prayed and commanded, M convinced but Priests say magic, fierce tortures, Lord encouraged, wheel, hot tin, dunked, wild beasts, unharmed, 1000 believed, all martyred, beasts killed, brothers beheaded, E outside city, sword soft wax, prayed for soldiers, asked martyr's death, milky liquid from wounds ; Spoleto; Hieromartyr Emilian, Commemorated on August 18 ; Emilian the Bishop, and with him Hilarion, Dionysius, and Hermippus were born and lived in Armenia. the death of their parents, the hieromartyrs Emilian, Dionysius, and Hermippus (they were brothers), and their teacher Hilarion left their native land and arrived in Italy, in the city of Spoleto. Emilian began to preach the Gospel to the pagans. won the deep respect of the Christian community because of his strict and virtuous life, and he was chosen bishop of the city of Trebium. was consecrated by Marcellinus, the Bishop of Rome. moving to Trebium, Saint Emilian converted many pagans to Christ, for which he was brought to trial before the emperor Maximian (284-305). saint suggested that the emperor see for himself the power of prayer to Christ. man who had been crippled for a long time was brought before him. much the pagan priests tried to heal him by appealing to the idols, they accomplished nothing. Saint Emilian prayed to the Lord and commanded the crippled man, in the name of Jesus Christ, to get up. man stood up healthy and went home rejoicing. miracle was so convincing that the emperor was inclined to admit the truth about Christ, the pagan priests told him that the saint had worked magic. was subjected to fierce tortures, in which the Lord encouraged him, saying: “Fear not, Emilian, I am with you.” tied him to a wheel, threw him on hot tin, dunked him in a river, and put him in the arena to be eaten by wild beasts, but he remained unharmed. view of all these miracles the people began to shout: “Great is the Christian God! Free His servant!” this day 1000 men believed in Christ, and all received the crown of martyrdom. a rage, the governor ordered that the beasts be killed since they did not attack the saint. martyr gave thanks to the Lord because even the wild beasts accepted death for Christ. locked Saint Emilian in prison together with his brothers and teacher, and after fierce tortures the hieromartyrs Hilarion, Dionysius, and Hermippus were beheaded with the sword. Emilian was executed outside the city. the executioner struck the martyr on the neck with a sword, it became soft like wax, and did not wound the saint. fell on their knees to him asking forgiveness and confessing Christ as the True God. saint prayed on his knees for them and asked the Lord to grant him a martyr’s death. His prayer was heard, and another executioner cut off the saint’s head. a milky liquid flowing from his wounds, many of the pagans believed in Christ and they buried the martyr’s body with honor.

Armenia, 284-305, Carterius oCaesurea, Teacher iCaesarea, Serapis Idol shattered by his prayers tChrist, ordered tortured&beheaded
Armenia, 284-305, Carterius oCaesurea (Kayseri), Armenia, Cappadocian Capital (Great Road, Kizilirmak River 4), Diocletian's Reign, Teacher iCaesarea, Serapis Idol shattered by his prayers tChrist, ordered tortured&beheaded, however killed wSpear; Caesurea, Cappadocia; St Carterius of Caesarea in Cappadocia, Commemorated January 8 ; Carterius lived during the reign of Diocletian, was a teacher in Caesarea of Cappadocia. stood before a statue of Serapis and prayed to Christ, and the idol shattered to pieces. procurator Urbanus ordered Saint Carterius to be tortured and then beheaded. however, say he was killed with a spear.

Armenia, 284-305, Martyr Charitina of Amisus, Pontine, Armenia, confessed she was Christian, but lead others from deception
Armenia, 284-305, Martyr Charitina of Amisus, Armenia, Pontine (near Iris River Mouth, on the shore of the sea), Orphaned but lived as daughter of Roman Christian Claudius, very pretty, sensible, kind, she imparted her love for Christ to others, saving many, meek, humble, obedient, silent, Christian aHeart but not yet baptized, she studied God's Law day& nitht, she vowed virginity, Pagan Roman Governor under Diocletian heard of her and wrote Cladius ordering him send C to him for questioning, Claudius knew what would happen, put on sackcloth, wept bitter tears, but Christina comforted him, rejoice, I am to be acceptable sacrifice for my sins and yours, Claudius replied, remember me when you stand before heavenly King with tMartyrs, judge asked her if true you are Christian and delude others, she said yes and no, I am C but I lead others from deception to truth, bringing them to Christ, then her hair cut off but grew right back by God's power, longer than before, then burning coals on her head, vinegar over scorched flesh, increasing pain, plus flaming sticks through her breasts & sides burnt wCandels, finally stone tied around her neck & thrown into sea, she cried this is my baptism, suddenly stone fell &God delivered her from the sea, unharmed, judge ordered her stripped naked for wheel over burning coals, an angel stopped tWheel, unharmed again, finger and toe nails torn out, teeth broken, then dissolute men to rape her, but she prayed God receive her soul before they take her virginity, as she prayed her soul surrendered tGod, body tSack of stones, into sea, body to shore 3days later, and Claudius found it, buried her wReverence, relics fragments found in Kykkos Monastery, Cyprus and Jerusalem Monastery oBoeotia, Greece; Amisus; Martyr Charitina of Amisos, Commemorated on October 5; Charitina (Charitίnē) was from Amisos (Amisós) in Pontus and lived during the reign of Emperor Diocletian (284-305). at a young age, she became the servant of a noble Roman Christian named Claudianus, or Claudius, brought her up as his own daughter. young girl was very pretty, sensible, and kind. She imparted her love for Christ to others, and brought many to the path of salvation. Charitina was meek, humble, obedient and silent. she was not yet baptized, she was a Christian at heart. studied the Law of God day and night, and vowed to preserve her virginity as a true bride of Christ. Saint Charitina brought many others to the Christian Faith, Dometius, one of Emperor Diocletian's governors, came to hear of her and sent a letter to Claudius, ordering him to send Charitina to him so that he might question her. had no doubts about the result of this interrogation. at the prospect of losing her, he put on sackcloth and wept bitter tears. comforted him, saying: "Do not grieve, my Master, but rejoice, for I am to become an acceptable sacrifice to God, for my sins and for yours." replied: "O Servant of God, remember me when you stand before the heavenly King in the ranks of the Holy Martyrs." Saint was brought before a judge at the tribunal. asked her: "Is it true that you are a Christian, and that you delude others by bringing them to your impious faith?" replied: "It is true that I am a Christian, but it is a lie that I delude others. the contrary, I lead them from deception to the path of truth, bringing them to my Christ." the judge ordered her hair to be cut off, but by the power of God, her hair grew back even longer than before. burning coals were placed on her head, and vinegar was poured over her scorched flesh, increasing her pain. drove flaming sticks through her breasts, and burnt her sides with candles. they tied a stone around her neck and threw her into the sea. cried out: "This is my Baptism." Suddenly, the stone was loosened and sank, and God delivered her from the sea unharmed. the judge saw her on the shore, he ordered his men to seize her and strip her naked, then tie her to a wheel which turned over burning coals, an Angel of God stopped the wheel and once again Saint Charitina remained unharmed. judge became furious and ordered that the nails of her hands and her feet be torn out, and that all her teeth be broken. the wicked judge sent many dissolute men to rape her. this dishonor, Saint Charitina prayed that God would receive her soul before these vile men could defile her virginal body; so, as she prayed, she surrendered her pure soul to God. the judge saw that she was dead, he had her body placed in a sack weighted with stones, and tossed it into the sea. Divine Providence, her body was brought to the shore three days later. master Claudius found her body and buried her with appropriate honor and reverence. of Saint Charitina's Holy Relics are found in the Monasteries of Kykkos, Cyprus, and Jerusalem of Boeotia.

Armenia, 284-335, Agapitus (+Victor) tConfessor oSynnada, Phrygia, Wonderworker, Healer, Salvation fMany
Phrygia, 284-335, Agapitus (+Victor) tConfessor oSynnada, Phrygia (Intersection and Akarcay River Source), fCappadocia, pious God-Loving Parents, tSynnada Monastery while young, monk, loved bIgumen for Virtue, taught read write, received fGod gift working miracles, more than 100, killed great dragon by prayer, recruited bLicinus tArmy, there he saw martyrs Victor +many being tortured fChrist, wanted join them, but was preserved wounded by spear, so he could lead many tSalvation, Constantine heard A could heal by prayer, cured sick servant, asked C only return to Synnada M, devoted study Holy Gospel, ordained Priest, succeeded as Bishop, reposed in peace; Synnada, Synnada is on a small plain near the Akarcay River; St Agapitus the Confessor the Bishop of Synnada in Phrygia, Commemorated on February 18; Agapitos came from Cappadocia was the son of pious and God-loving parents. lived during the time of the emperors Diocletian (284-305) and Maximian (285-305). a young age he departed for a monastery near Synnada in Phrygia, he became a monk. was loved by the Igumen because of his virtuous life so he was taught how to read and write. also received from God the gift of working miracles, performing over a hundred of them. By his prayers he killed a great dragon, which had appeared near the monastery, carrying off both people and animals. This was a great benefit for those who had turned to him for help. on, during the reign of Licinius (308-323) Saint Agapitos was recruited into the army against his will. he saw the victorious Martyrs Victor, Dorotheos, Theodoulos, Agrippa and many others, being tortured for their faith in Christ. away he wanted to join them in their martyrdom. Though they were perfected in Christ by the sword, was preserved and, by God's providence, he suffered no harm, even though they wounded him with a spear. life was spared so that he might lead many to salvation. holy Emperor Constantine the Great (May 21) heard that Saint Agapitos could heal people by his prayers. emperor sent him a sick servant, and he was cured. Constantine wished to reward Saint Agapitos, he asked only that he be discharged from military service and be permitted to return to his monastery. request was granted, and so he went back to the monastery. Agapitos devoted himself to the study of the Holy Gospel, the Bishop of Synnada ordained him to the holy priesthood. the bishop reposed, Saint Agapitos was chosen to succeed him in this position by the common consent of the clergy and the people. governing his flock in a God-pleasing manner, instructing them in the Orthodox Faith, and in virtuous living, Saint Agapitos reposed in peace.

Armenia, 284-335, Agapitus of Synnada, Phrygia, gift of miracles, p killed dragon, recruited military, Consantine discharged him
Phrygia, 285-323, Agapitus of Synnada, Phrygia (Intersection and Akarcay River Source), young monk from Cappadocia, Armenia, gift of working miracles, over 100, prayers killed dragon, recruited military, wanted to join martyrs but preserved for saving souls, Consantine discharged him, priesthood, bishop ; Synnada, Synnada is on a small plain near the Akarcay River; St Agapitus the Confessor the Bishop of Synnada in Phrygia, Commemorated on February 18; Agapitos came from Cappadocia and was the son of pious and God-loving parents. lived during the time of the emperors Diocletian (284-305) and Maximian (285-305). a young age he departed for a monastery near Synnada in Phrygia, where he became a monk. was loved by the Igumen because of his virtuous life and so he was taught how to read and write. also received from God the gift of working miracles, performing over a hundred of them. his prayers he killed a great dragon, which had appeared near the monastery, carrying off both people and animals. This was a great benefit for those who had turned to him for help. on, during the reign of Licinius (308-323) Saint Agapitos was recruited into the army against his will. There he saw the victorious Martyrs Victor, Dorotheos, Theodoulos, Agrippa and many others, being tortured for their faith in Christ. Right away he wanted to join them in their martyrdom. they were perfected in Christ by the sword, he was preserved and, by God's providence, he suffered no harm, even though they wounded him with a spear. His life was spared so that he might lead many to salvation. holy Emperor Constantine the Great (May 21) heard that Saint Agapitos could heal people by his prayers. The emperor sent him a sick servant, and he was cured. Constantine wished to reward Saint Agapitos, but he asked only that he be discharged from military service and be permitted to return to his monastery. His request was granted, and so he went back to the monastery. Agapitos devoted himself to the study of the Holy Gospel, and the Bishop of Synnada ordained him to the holy priesthood. After the bishop reposed, Saint Agapitos was chosen to succeed him in this position by the common consent of the clergy and the people. governing his flock in a God-pleasing manner, instructing them in the Orthodox Faith, and in virtuous living, Saint Agapitos reposed in peace

Armenia, 286-330, C King Tiridates III, The Great, first Christian state, C by Gregory
Armenian King, 286-330, Tiridates III of Armenia, The Great; Icon of the Mother of God œthe HealerÂ, Commemorated on September 18; Hieromartyr Gregory the Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia, Commemorated on September 30; Martyr Rhipsime of Armenia, Commemorated on September 30 ; St Nino (Nina), Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Georgia, Commemorated on January 14 ; Venerable Salome of Ujarma, Commemorated on January 15; GREGORY THE ILLUMINATOR, APOSTLE TO ARMENIA (23 March 332);

Armenia, 288 or 300, Dorothy aCaesurea, Cappadocia, Armenia, tortures, joy fHeaven, saved2apostate girls, Apples fHeaven saved m
Armenia, 288 or 300, Holy Martyr Dorothy aCaesurea (Kayseri), Armenia, Cappadocian Capital (Great Road, Kizilirmak River 4), with Martyrs Christina, Callista aTheophilus, pius christian maiden D, great beauty, humility, prudence, wisdom fGod tAstonished many, arrested confessed Christ tortures, endured, sent t2 women who had renounced Christ, ordered get D sacrifice tGods, but reverse happened, 2 returned tChrist, all 3 tied back to back & burned iVat oTar, sisters crowns of glory, but D survived, tortured again, endured, death sentence, D cried wJoy, thanking C for call tParadise and Heavenly bridal chamber, while led tExecution Theophilus laughed, said send me an Apple&Roses fParadise oYour Bridegroom, D said "I shall do that", aExecution place D requested time to pray, then angel appeared before her, iForm oHansome child presenting 3 apples& 3 roses on pure linen cloth, D requested they be given to Theophilus, then D beheaded, T confessed Christ true God, his friends wondered hJoking, not joking because it was February and Winter, Cappadocia covered ice frost, what do you think?, from where do they come? T beheaded, D's relics in her Rome church, Her head MOG's church in Rome; Caesurea, Cappadocia; Virginmartyr Dorothy at Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated Febuary 6 ; Holy Martyr Dorothy, the Martyrs Christina, Callista and the Martyr Theophilus lived in Caesarea of Cappadocia and suffered under the emperor Diocletian in either the year 288 or 300. Dorothy was a pious Christian maiden, distinguished by her great beauty, humility, prudence, and God-given wisdom, which astonished many. upon orders of the governor Sapricius, she steadfastly confessed her faith in Christ and was subjected to tortures. to break the will of the saint, the governor sent to her two women, the sisters Christina and Callista, who once were Christians, but fearing torture, they renounced Christ and began to lead impious lives. ordered them to get Saint Dorothy to offer sacrifice to the pagan gods, just the reverse happened. Saint Dorothy convinced them that the mercy of God is granted to all who repent, so they corrected themselves and returned to Christ. tormentors tied them back to back and burned them in a vat of tar. martyrdom, Christina and Callista atoned for their sin of apostasy, receiving from God not only forgiveness, but crowns of victory. Dorothy was again subjected to tortures, she gladly endured them and accepted the death sentence. cried out with joy, thanking Christ for calling her to Paradise and to the heavenly bridal chamber. they led the saint to execution Theophilus, one of the governor’s counselors, laughed and said to her, “Bride of Christ, send me an apple and some roses from the Paradise of your Bridegroom.” martyr nodded and said, “I shall do that.” the place of execution, the saint requested a little time to pray. she finished the prayer, an angel appeared before her the form of a handsome child presenting her three apples and three roses on a pure linen cloth. saint requested that these be given to Theophilus, which she was beheaded by the sword. received the gracious gift, the recent mocker of Christians was shaken, and he confessed Christ as the true God. friends were astonished, and wondered whether he were joking, or perhaps mad. assured them he was not joking. Then they asked the reason for this sudden change. asked what month it was. “February,” they replied. “In the winter, Cappadocia is covered with ice and frost, and the trees are bare of leaves. What do you think? where do these apples and flowers come?” being subjected to cruel tortures, Saint Theophilus was beheaded with a sword. relics of Saint Dorothy are in Rome in the church dedicated to her, her head is also at Rome, in a church of the Mother of God at Trastevero.

Armenia, 290-340, Macrina the Elder (Iris River in Pontus near Kelkit River and Neocaeserea)
Byzantium, 290-340, Macrina the Elder (somewhere on Iris River) ; Byzantium, 350-379, Macrina the Younger (somewhere on Iris River); MACRINA THE YOUNGER, MONASTIC AND TEACHER (19 JUL 379) ;

Armenia, 290-305, Hieromartyr Alexander, Bishop of Comana, Fool f Christ, Coal Collier, then Bishop a Martyr
Komana (Comana), Pontica; Hieromartyr Alexander the Bishop of Comana, Commemorated on August 12; Alexander, Bishop of Comana, lived during the third century not far from Neocaesarea. He studied the Holy Scripture and knew many scientific disciplines. Taking upon himself the exploit of holy foolishness, the saint lived in poverty, selling coal in the city square. Many, seeing his face always black from the grime of the coal dust, sneered at him with contempt. the Bishop of Comana happened to die, then among the candidates put forth for election as new bishop -- one was a man illustrious, others were learned or eloquent, while yet others were rich. Then Saint Gregory Thaumaturgos, Bishop of Neocaesarea (November 17), having been invited for the ordination of their choice, pointed out, that a bishop ought to have not only outward worthiness and distinction, but foremost of all, a pure heart and holy life. These words caused some to laugh saying: “If outward appearance and nobility of origin be for naught, then even Alexander the collier might be made bishop”. Gregory perceived that it was not without the Providence of God that this man came to be mentioned, and he asked that they call him. The appearance of the saint at the gathering evoked laughter. Having respectfully bowed to Saint Gregory, Saint Alexander stood there deeply absorbed in himself and ignoring the sneering: Saint Gregory put him to the test, and the collier was obliged to reveal that he was formerly a philosopher, and had studied Holy Scripture, but that for the sake of God he had assumed upon himself voluntary poverty and humility. Saint Gregory then took the collier to his own lodging, where he washed off the grime, and gave him clean clothes. Returning then to the assembled people, Saint Gregory in front of everyone began to put to him questions from Holy Scripture, to which Saint Alexander answered like a knowledgeable and wise pastor. Seeing this, all were astonished at his humility and with one accord they elected him their bishop. Gregory ordained him priest, and later bishop. After the imposition of hands the new bishop preached a sermon to the people, full of power and the grace of God. And everyone rejoiced that the Lord had sent them such a wise pastor. Under the emperor Diocletian (284-305) the saint bravely confessed Christ, and refused to worship idols. After tortures they threw him into a fire, and there he departed to God. According to other sources, Saint Alexander suffered instead under the emperor Decius (249-251). St Proclus the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated on November 20 ; Martyr Eutropius of Amasea, Commemorated on March 3;

Armenia, 292-303, Great Martyr George of Cappadocia, Armenia, Nino's Kin, Wonderworker, imperial guard commander, spoke Truth
Armenia, 292-303, Great Martyr George of Cappadocia, Armenia, Nino's Kin, Victory Bearer, Wonderworker, Diocletian' imperial guard commander, spoke Truth (Jesus Christ) in the Senate, pushing spears became soft, you will grow tired before I will, intense tortures, wheel sharp iron, assumed dead, dark thunder, Lord's voice fear not, youthful angel, rejoice, healed, pagan temple w emperor, many believed, incl Emperess Alexandra, more tortures deep pit w lime, unharmed and cheerful, red hot iron sandals w nails, ox thongs, concluded magic, poisoned unharmed, not human understanding but power of God, believers no regard for tortures, do things Christ did, D asks what C did, “He gave sight to the blind, cleansed the lepers, healed the lame, gave hearing to the deaf, cast out demons, and raised the dead.”, D had him raise a dead man, Sorcerer confessed, beheaded w raised man, to prison, healings, Glycerius ox to life, G beheaded, Court of Apollo, deamons confessed, idols destroyed, George beheaded, Dragon slaying story, Many saints named george or yuri; Cappadocia, 290-303, Great Martyr George of Cappadocia; Greatmartyr, Victory-bearer and Wonderworker George, Commemorated on April 23; Holy Great Martyr George the Victory-Bearer, was a native of Cappadocia (a district in Asia Minor), and he grew up in a deeply believing Christian family. His father was martyred for Christ when George was still a child. His mother, owning lands in Palestine, moved there with her son and raised him in strict piety. he became a man, Saint George entered into the service of the Roman army. He was handsome, brave and valiant in battle, and he came to the notice of the emperor Diocletian (284-305) and joined the imperial guard with the rank of comites, or military commander. pagan emperor, who did much for the restoration of Roman might, was clearly concerned with the danger presented to pagan civilization by the triumph of the Crucified Savior, and intensified his persecution against the Christians in the final years of his reign. the advice of the Senate at Nicomedia, Diocletian gave all his governors full freedom in their court proceedings against Christians, and he promised them his full support. George, when he heard the decision of the emperor, distributed all his wealth to the poor, freed his servants, and then appeared in the Senate. brave soldier of Christ spoke out openly against the emperor’s designs. He confessed himself a Christian, and appealed to all to acknowledge Christ: “I am a servant of Christ, my God, and trusting in Him, I have come among you voluntarily, to bear witness concerning the Truth.” “What is Truth?” one of the dignitaries asked, echoing the question of Pontius Pilate. The saint replied, “Christ Himself, Whom you persecuted, is Truth.” by the bold speech of the valiant warrior, the emperor, who had loved and promoted George, attempted to persuade him not to throw away his youth and glory and honors, but rather to offer sacrifice to the gods as was the Roman custom. The confessor replied, “Nothing in this inconstant life can weaken my resolve to serve God.” by order of the enraged emperor the armed guards began to push Saint George out of the assembly hall with their spears, and they then led him off to prison. the deadly steel became soft and it bent, just as the spears touched the saint’s body, and it caused him no harm. In prison they put the martyr’s feet in stocks and placed a heavy stone on his chest. next day at the interrogation, powerless but firm of spirit, Saint George again answered the emperor, “You will grow tired of tormenting me sooner than I will tire of being tormented by you.” Diocletian gave orders to subject Saint George to some very intense tortures. They tied the Great Martyr to a wheel, beneath which were boards pierced with sharp pieces of iron. As the wheel turned, the sharp edges slashed the saint’s naked body. first the sufferer loudly cried out to the Lord, but soon he quieted down, and did not utter even a single groan. Diocletian decided that the tortured one was already dead, and he gave orders to remove the battered body from the wheel, and then went to a pagan temple to offer thanks. this very moment it got dark, thunder boomed, and a voice was heard: “Fear not, George, for I am with you.” Then a wondrous light shone, and at the wheel an angel of the Lord appeared in the form of a radiant youth. He placed his hand upon the martyr, saying to him, “Rejoice!” Saint George stood up healed. the soldiers led him to the pagan temple where the emperor was, the emperor could not believe his own eyes and he thought that he saw before him some other man or even a ghost. confusion and in terror the pagans looked Saint George over carefully, and they became convinced that a miracle had occurred. Many then came to believe in the Life-Creating God of the Christians. illustrious officials, Saints Anatolius and Protoleon, who were secretly Christians, openly confessed Christ. Immediately, without a trial, they were beheaded with the sword by order of the emperor. present in the pagan temple was Empress Alexandra, the wife of Diocletian, and she also knew the truth. She was on the point of glorifying Christ, but one of the servants of the emperor took her and led her off to the palace. emperor became even more furious. He had not lost all hope of influencing Saint George, so he gave him over to new and fiercesome torments. After throwing him into a deep pit, they covered it over with lime. days later they dug him out, but found him cheerful and unharmed. They shod the saint in iron sandals with red-hot nails, and then drove him back to the prison with whips. the morning, they led him back to the interrogation, cheerful and with healed feet, and the emperor asked if he liked his shoes. The saint said that the sandals had been just his size. Then they beat him with ox thongs until pieces of his flesh came off and his blood soaked the ground, but the brave sufferer, strengthened by the power of God, remained unyielding. emperor concluded that the saint was being helped by magic, so he summoned the sorcerer Athanasius to deprive the saint of his miraculous powers, or else poison him. The sorcerer gave Saint George two goblets containing drugs. One of them would have quieted him, and the other would kill him. The drugs had no effect, and the saint continued to denounce the pagan superstitions and glorify God as before. the emperor asked what sort of power was helping him, Saint George said, “Do not imagine that it is any human learning which keeps me from being harmed by these torments. I am saved only by calling upon Christ and His Power. believes in Him has no regard for tortures and is able to do the things that Christ did” (John 14:12). asked what sort of things Christ had done. Martyr replied, “He gave sight to the blind, cleansed the lepers, healed the lame, gave hearing to the deaf, cast out demons, and raised the dead.” that they had never been able to resurrect the dead through sorcery, nor by any of the gods known to him, and wanting to test the saint, the emperor commanded him to raise up a dead person before his eyes. The saint retorted, “You wish to tempt me, but my God will work this sign for the salvation of the people who shall see the power of Christ.” they led Saint George down to the graveyard, he cried out, “O Lord! Show to those here present, that You are the only God in all the world. Let them know You as the Almighty Lord.” Then the earth quaked, a grave opened, the dead one emerged from it alive. Having seen with their own eyes the Power of Christ, the people wept and glorified the true God. sorcerer Athanasius, falling down at the feet of Saint George, confessed Christ as the All-Powerful God and asked forgiveness for his sins, committed in ignorance. The obdurate emperor in his impiety thought otherwise. In a rage, he commanded both Athanasius and the man raised from the dead to be beheaded, and he had Saint George again locked up in prison. people, weighed down with their infirmities, began to visit the prison and they there received healing and help from the saint. A certain farmer named Glycerius, whose ox had collapsed, also visited him. The saint consoled him and assured him that God would restore his ox to life. When he saw the ox alive, the farmer began to glorify the God of the Christians throughout all the city. By order of the emperor, Saint Glycerius was arrested and beheaded. exploits and the miracles of the Great Martyr George had increased the number of the Christians, therefore Diocletian made a final attempt to compel the saint to offer sacrifice to the idols. They set up a court at the pagan temple of Apollo. On the final night the holy martyr prayed fervently, and as he slept, he saw the Lord, Who raised him up with His hand, and embraced him. The Savior placed a crown on Saint George’s head and said, “Fear not, but have courage, and you will soon come to Me and receive what has been prepared for you.” the morning, the emperor offered to make Saint George his co-administrator, second only to himself. The holy martyr with a feigned willingness answered, “Caesar, you should have shown me this mercy from the very beginning, instead of torturing me. Let us go now to the temple and see the gods you worship.” believed that the martyr was accepting his offer, and he followed him to the pagan temple with his retinue and all the people. Everyone was certain that Saint George would offer sacrifice to the gods. The saint went up to the idol, made the Sign of the Cross and addressed it as if it were alive: “Are you the one who wants to receive from me sacrifice befitting God?” demon inhabiting the idol cried out, “I am not a god and none of those like me is a god, either. The only God is He Whom you preach. We are fallen angels, and we deceive people because we are jealous.” George cried out, “How dare you remain here, when I, the servant of the true God, have entered?” Then noises and wailing were heard from the idols, and they fell to the ground and were shattered. was general confusion. In a frenzy, pagan priests and many of the crowd seized the holy martyr, tied him up, and began to beat him. They also called for his immediate execution. holy empress Alexandra tried to reach him. Pushing her way through the crowd, she cried out, “O God of George, help me, for You Alone are All-Powerful.” At the feet of the Great Martyr the holy empress confessed Christ, Who had humiliated the idols and those who worshipped them. immediately pronounced the death sentence on the Great Martyr George and the holy Empress Alexandra, who followed Saint George to execution without resisting. Along the way she felt faint and slumped against a wall. There she surrendered her soul to God. George gave thanks to God and prayed that he would also end his life in a worthy manner. At the place of execution the saint prayed that the Lord would forgive the torturers who acted in ignorance, and that He would lead them to the knowledge of Truth. Calmly and bravely, the holy Great Martyr George bent his neck beneath the sword, receiving the crown of martyrdom on April 23, 303. pagan era was coming to an end, and Christianity was about to triumph. Within ten years, Saint Constantine (May 21) would issue the Edict of Milan, granting religious freedom to Christians. the many miracles worked by the holy Great Martyr George, the most famous are depicted in iconography. In the saint’s native city of Beirut were many idol-worshippers. Outside the city, near Mount Lebanon, was a large lake, inhabited by an enormous dragon-like serpent. Coming out of the lake, it devoured people, and there was nothing anyone could do, since the breath from its nostrils poisoned the very air. the advice of the demons inhabiting the idols, the local ruler came to a decision. Each day the people would draw lots to feed their own children to the serpent, and he promised to sacrifice his only daughter when his turn came. That time did come, and the ruler dressed her in her finest attire, then sent her off to the lake. The girl wept bitterly, awaiting her death. Unexpectedly for her, Saint George rode up on his horse with spear in hand. The girl implored him not to leave her, lest she perish. saint signed himself with the Sign of the Cross. He rushed at the serpent saying, “In the Name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.” Saint George pierced the throat of the serpent with his spear and trampled it with his horse. Then he told the girl to bind the serpent with her sash, and lead it into the city like a dog on a leash. people fled in terror, but the saint halted them with the words: “Don’t be afraid, but trust in the Lord Jesus Christ and believe in Him, since it is He Who sent me to save you.” Then the saint killed the serpent with a sword, and the people burned it outside the city. Twenty-five thousand men, not counting women and children, were then baptized. Later, a church was built and dedicated to the Most Holy Theotokos and the Great Martyr George. George went on to become a talented officer and to amaze the world by his military exploits. He died before he was thirty years old. He is known as Victory Bearer, not only for his military achievements, but for successfully enduring martyrdom. As we know, the martyrs are commemorated in the dismissal at the end of Church services as “the holy, right victorious martyr....” George was the patron saint and protector of several of the great builders of the Russian state. Saint Vladimir’s son, Yaroslav the Wise (in holy Baptism George), advanced the veneration of the saint in the Russian Church. He built the city of Yuriev [i.e., “of Yurii.” “Yurii” is the diminutive of “George”, as “Ivan” is of “John”], he also founded the Yuriev monastery at Novgorod, and he built a church of Saint George the Victory Bearer at Kiev. day of the consecration of Saint George’s Church in Kiev, November 26, 1051 by Saint Hilarion, Metropolitan of Kiev and All Rus, has entered into the liturgical treasury of the Church as a special church feastday. Yuriev Day is beloved by the Russian people as an “autumn Feast of Saint George.” name of Saint George was also borne by the founder of Moscow, Yurii Dolgoruky (+ 1157), who was the builder of many churches dedicated to Saint George, and the builder of the city of Yuriev-Polsk. In the year 1238 the heroic fight of the Russian nation against the Mongol Horde was led by the Great Prince Yurii (George) Vsevolodovich of Vladimir (February 4), who fell at the Battle at the Sita River. His memory, like that of Igor the Brave, and defender of his land, was celebrated in Russian spiritual poems and ballads. first Great Prince of Moscow, when Moscow had become the center of the Russian Land, was Yurii Danilovich (+ 1325), the son of Saint Daniel of Moscow, and grandson of Saint Alexander Nevsky. From that time Saint George the Victory Bearer, depicted as a horseman slaying the serpent, appeared on Moscow’s coat of arms, and became an emblem of the Russian state. This has strengthened Russia’s connections with Christian nations, and especially with Iberia (Georgia, the Land of Saint George). GEORGE, SOLDIER and MARTYR, 23 APRIL 303; is a soldier and martyr who suffered around 303 at Lydda (Diospolis) in Palestine. The earliest surviving record of him is a church inscription in Syria, dated about 346. Commemorations of him are numerous, early, and widespread. However, no details of his life are known. In 495 his name appears on a list of "good men, justly remembered, whose good deeds are known only to God." The best-known story about him is that he rescued a beautiful princess in Libya by killing a dragon. It should be noted that this story is unknown before the appearance in 1265 of a romance called the Golden Legend (Legendum Aureum), translated into English in 1483. the soldiers of the First Crusade were besieging Antioch in 1098, they had a vision of George and Demetrius (a deacon of Sirmium in Serbia, martyred under Maximian, and referred to as a "soldier of Christ," from which he was often understood to be a literal soldier) encouraging them to maintain the siege, which ultimately proved successful. I ("the Lion-Heart") of England, who fought in the Holy Land in 1191-1192, placed himself and his army under George's protection, and with the return home of the Crusaders, the popularity of George in England increased greatly. III founded the Order of the Garter in 1348 under his patronage, his banner (a red cross on a white field) began to be used as the English national flag in 1284, and in 1415 Henry V spoke of him to rally the troops before the battle of Agincourt ("Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more, or close the wall up with our English dead. ... cry God for Harry, England, and St George!"), in the years following George was regarded as the special patron of England, of soldiers, and of the Boy Scouts, as well as of Venice, Genoa, Portugal, and Catalonia. is also remembered with enthusiasm in many parts of the East Orthodox Church. is a principal character in Edmund Spenser's allegorical poem The Faerie Queene, written in the late 1500's. — by James Kiefer

Armenia, 297, Holy Martyrs Romanus, James, Philotheus, Hyperichius, Habib, Julian & Parigoreas, denounced senseless idol worship
Armenia, 297, Holy Martyrs Romanus, James, Philotheus, Hyperichius, Habib, Julian and Parigoreas suffered in the year 297, during the persecution by Diocletian (284-305), in the city of Samosata, Armenia (Euphrates River 3), denounced senseless idol worship, Their bodies were scraped with iron, heavy iron fetters were hung around their necks, and they were locked up in prison. Finally, nails were driven into their heads while they were suspended on crosses Samosata; Martyr Romanus at Samosata, Commemorated January 29 ; Holy Martyrs Romanus, James, Philotheus, Hyperichius, Habib, Julian and Parigoreas suffered in the year 297, during the persecution by Diocletian (284-305), in the city of Samosata (in Syria on the River Euphrates). bravely denounced the senseless worship of idols, for which they were arrested and given over to various terrible tortures. bodies were scraped with iron, heavy iron fetters were hung around their necks, and they were locked up in prison. Finally, nails were driven into their heads while they were suspended on crosses.

Armenia, 297-361, Salome & Perozhavra, both queens, helpers closest companions oNino, converted by her, they wrote her history
Armenia, 297-361, Georgian Saints Salome & Perozhavra, both queens, helpers closest companions oNino, both converted by her, they wrote her history, Salome wife oRevi, son oMirian, Perozhavra married to Kartli ruler, Nino taught them prayer fasting good works, social status helped Nino spread faith, After conversion oKartli, Nino inspired Salome erected cross iUjarma, Kakheti, bOrder oMiriam, Nino fell ill in Bodbe, queens stood by her bed, tell us our Queen, how did you come to our country, where were you raised, tell us how to continue, what shall we do, So, Salome&Perozhavra wrote Nino's life Armenia, Georgian Saint, 297-361, Salome of Armenia ; Venerable Salome oUjarma, Commemorated on January 15; Salome of Ujarma and Perozhavra of Sivnia were the helpers and closest companions of Saint Nino, Enlightener of Georgia. Nino herself had converted them to the Christian Faith. was the wife of Revi, the son of King Mirian, Perozhavra was married to the ruler of the Kartli region. women were queens, they succeeded in serving Saint Nino while retaining their imperial roles. Nino taught them to pray, and the women fasted regularly and performed good works. As a result of their influential social status, the two queens were able to help Saint Nino tremendously in spreading the Christian Faith. the conversion of Kartli, with inspiration from Saint Nino and by the order of King Mirian, Saint Salome erected a cross in Ujarma in the Kakheti region. Saint Nino fell ill in the village of Bodbe, queens Salome and Perozhavra stood by her bed and wept bitterly at having to part with their beloved teacher and healer. entreated Saint Nino, who was finishing her last hours on this earth, saying, “Tell us, our Queen, how did you come to our country to free our souls, and where were you raised? us how to continue your good works. You who have delivered us from bondage to the enemy, us, what shall we do?” the information that Saint Nino then related to them, Salome and Perozhavra wrote The Life of Saint Nino, Enlightener of Georgia. Apostolic Orthodox Church of Georgia commemorates them on January 15, the day following the commemoration of Saint Nino.

Armenia, 300-399, 4th Century Folder, St Theodore Stratelates of Pontus, St Peter of Sebaste

Armenia, 301-303, Irenarchus at Sebaste, Armenia, ministered in prison, confessed w 7 courageous women, fire water, beheaded
Armenia, 301-303, Irenarchus at Sebaste, Armenia (Iris River Source, Kizilirmak River 1), ministered to martyrs in prison, marveled at women courage, by divine grace confessed Christ, fire water trials, beheaded w 7 women; Sebaste, Armenia ; Martyr Irenarchus at Sebaste, Commemorated on November 28 ; Holy Martyr Irenarchus was from Sebaste, Armenia, and lived during the reign of Diocletian (284-305). he was young, he would minister to the martyrs in prison after they were tortured. once saw seven women being tortured for Christ, who bravely endured their torments. Saint Irenarchus marveled at this because they showed great courage in standing up to the tyrant, even though they were weak by nature. by divine grace, Saint Irenarchus confessed Christ. he endured trials by fire and water, then he was beheaded with the seven holy women in the year 303.

Armenia, 301, Kyriake of Nicomedia, at Melitene, Armenia, beautiful, wealthy, virgin dedicated to Christ, refused marriage
Armenia, 301, Kyriake of Nicomedia, at Melitene, Armenia, young and beautiful, wealthy parents, virgin dedicated to Christ, refused marriage, Diocletian, Maximian, suspended by hair, burned w torches, became more courageous, Christ appeared, healed, earthquake destroyed idols, Hilarion blasphemed and died on spot by lightning, fire, wild beasts, sword but angels took her soul; Armenia, 301, Martyr Kyriake of Nicomedia, at Melitene, Armenia; Kyriake was the only child of Dorotheus and Eusebia. Since she was born on a Sunday (Kyriake, in Greek), she was named Kyriake. day a wealthy magistrate wished to betroth Kyriake to his son. Not only was she young and beautiful, but her parents were wealthy, and the magistrate wished to control that wealth. The magistrate went to her parents to request her hand, but Saint Kyriake told him that she wished to remain a virgin, for she had dedicated herself to Christ. magistrate was angered by her words, so he went to the emperor Diocletian to denounce the saint and her parents as Christians who mocked the idols, and refused to offer sacrifice to them. sent soldiers to arrest the family and have them brought before him. He asked them why they would not honor the gods which he himself honored. They told him that these were false gods, and that Christ was the one true God. was beaten until the soldiers grew tired and were unable to continue. Since neither flattery nor torment had any effect, Diocletian sent Dorotheus and Eusebia to Melitene on the eastern border between Cappadocia and Armenia. Then he sent Saint Kyriake to be interrogated by his son-in-law and co-ruler Maximian at Nicomedia. urged her not to throw her life away, promising her wealth and marriage to one of Diocletian'™s relatives if she would worship the pagan gods. Kyriake replied that she would never renounce Christ, nor did she desire worldly riches. Enraged by her bold answer, Maximian had her flogged. The soldiers who administered this punishment became tired, and had to be replaced three times. by his failure to overcome a young woman, Maximian sent Saint Kyriake to Hilarion, the eparch of Bithynia, at Chalcedon. He told Hilarion to either convert Kyriake to paganism, or send her back to him. the same promises and threats that Diocletian and Maximian had made before, Hilarion was no more successful than they were. Kyriake challenged him to do his worst, because Christ would help her to triumph. The saint was suspended by her hair for several hours, while soldiers burned her body with torches. Not only did she endure all this, she also seemed to become more courageous under torture. Finally, she was taken down and put into a prison cell. night Christ appeared to her and healed her wounds. When Hilarion saw her the next day, he declared that she had been healed by the gods because they pitied her. Then Hilarion urged her to go to the temple to give thanks to the gods. She told him that she had been healed by Christ, but agreed to go to the temple. The eparch rejoiced, thinking that he had defeated her. the temple, Saint Kyriake prayed that God would destroy the soulless idols. Suddenly, there was a great earthquake which toppled the idols, shattering them to pieces. Everyone fled the temple in fear, leaving Hilarion behind. Instead of recognizing the power of Christ, the eparch blasphemed the true God as the destroyer of his pagan gods. He was struck by a bolt of lightning and died on the spot. Kyriake was tortured again by Apollonius, who succeeded Hilarion as eparch. When she was cast into a fire, the flames were extinguished. When she was thrown to wild beasts, they became tame and gentle. Therefore, Apollonius sentenced her to death by the sword. She was permitted time to pray, so she asked God to receive her soul, and to remember those who honored her martyrdom. as Saint Kyriake ended her prayer, angels took her soul before the soldiers could strike off her head. Pious Christians took her relics and buried them in a place of honor.

Armenia, 301-306, Gurias of Edessa, Armenia, Confessors, Samonas prayer, Habibus burned, unharmed body, Goth Soldier story
301-306, Gurias of Edessa, Armenia, Confessors, Martyrs, Samonas prayer, then years, Licinius, Habibus burned, unharmed body, Goth Soldier and pious virgin Euphemia, deception witness, slavery, miraculous return; Edessa, Syria; Holy Martyrs and Confessors Gurias, Samonas, and Abibus, of Edessa, Commemorated on November 15; Holy Martyrs and Confessors Gurias, Samonas and Habibus: during the persecution against Christians under the emperors Diocletian (284-305) and Maximian (305-311). The two friends Gurias and Samonas, preachers of the Word of God, were arrested in the city of Edessa. saints refused to offer sacrifice to the gods, and boldly confessed their faith in Christ. For this they were subjected to cruel tortures: they were beaten, hung up by their hands, heavy weights were tied to their feet, and they were cast into a stifling prison. martyrs endured everything with firmness and Samonas uttered a prayer to the Lord, which one of the witnesses to their death wrote down: “O Lord my God, against Whose will not a single sparrow falls into the snare. It was You Who made room for David in his sorrow (Ps. 4:1), Who proved the Prophet David stronger than lions (Dan. 6:16-24), and granted a child of Abraham to be victor over torture and flames (Dan. ch. 3, ch. 14). You know also, Lord, the infirmity of our nature, You see the struggle set before us. Our foe strives to snatch us, the work of Your right hand, away from You and to deprive us of the glory which is in You. With Your compassionate eye watching over us, preserve in us the inextinguishable light of Your Commandments. Guide our steps by Your light, and make us worthy of Your Kingdom, for You are blessed unto ages of ages.” night, they took the martyrs out beyond the city and beheaded them (+ 299-306). Christians buried their holy bodies with reverence. some years, the last pagan emperor, Licinius (311-324), began a persecution against Christians. a deacon of the Church of Edessa whom the emperor ordered to be arrested for his zealous spreading of the true Faith, presented himself before the executioners when he learned they were searching for him. The saint confessed his faith in Christ and was sentenced to be burned alive. The martyr went willingly into the fire and with a prayer surrendered his soul to the Lord. When the fire went out, the mother and relatives of the saint found his body unharmed. They buried the martyr next to Saints Gurias and Samonas. the death of the saints, numerous miracles were wrought by them for those who entreated their help with faith and love. a certain Gothic soldier, sent to serve at Edessa, took the pious virgin Euphemia as his wife. Before this the barbarian vowed to her mother Sophia at the graves of the Martyrs Gurias, Samonas and Habibus that he would do his spouse no harm, and would never insult her, but would always love and cherish her. the completion of his service in Edessa, he took Euphemia with him back to his native land. It turned out that he had deceived her, for he already had a wife at home, and Euphemia became her slave. Her evil husband threatened to kill her if she revealed to anyone that they were married. Euphemia suffered much abuse and humiliation. When she gave birth to a son, the jealous Gothic woman poisoned him. Euphemia turned with prayer to the holy Martyrs Gurias, Samonas and Habibus, the witnesses to the perjurer’s oath, and the Lord delivered Euphemia from her suffering and miraculously returned her to Edessa, where she was welcomed by her mother. a certain while the Goth was again sent to serve in Edessa. The whole city learned of his misdeeds after he was denounced by Sophia. The Goth was executed by order of the prefect of the city. an Akathist, the Holy Church addresses the martyrs: “Rejoice, Gurias, Samonas and Habibus, Heavenly Patrons of honorable marriage.” We pray to them for deliverance from family turmoil, and from marital difficulties, especially where one spouse hates the other without cause.

Armenia, 301-316, Blaise, Sebaste, Armenia , blessed&healed wild beasts, wolf returns small pig, walked on lake, 68 died trying
Armenia, 300-316, Blaise, Bishop o Sebaste, Armenia (Kizilirmak River 1, Iris River Source), righteous life, Diocletian and Licinius persecution, hid on mt in cave, wild beasts to him, blessed and healed them,looking for wild beasts to torture, they arested him, along the way he worked miracles, wolf returns small pig, he called gods devils, 7 holy women threw idols to deep lake, ordered to be thrown in lake he walked on it, 68 died trying it with gods help; Sebaste, Cappadocia, Armenia; Hieromartyr Blaise, Bishop of Sebaste, Commemorated on February 11; Hieromartyr Blaise (Blasius), Bishop of Sebaste, was known for his righteous and devout life. chosen by the people, he was consecrated Bishop of Sebaste. occurred during the reign of the Roman emperors Diocletian (284-305) and Licinius (307-324), fierce persecutors of Christians. Blaise encouraged his flock, visited the imprisoned, and gave support to the martyrs. hid themselves from the persecutors by going off to desolate and solitary places. Saint Blaise also hid himself away on Mount Argeos, where he lived in a cave. Wild beasts came up to him and meekly waited until the saint finished his prayer and blessed them. The saint also healed sick animals by laying his hands upon them. refuge of the saint was discovered by servants of the governor Agrilaus, who had come to capture wild beasts to loose on the Christian martyrs. servants reported to their master that Christians were hiding on the mountain, and he gave orders to arrest them. But those sent out found there only the Bishop of Sebaste. Glorifying God Who had summoned him to this exploit, Saint Blaise followed the soldiers. the way the saint healed the sick and worked other miracles. a destitute widow complained to him of her misfortune. A wolf had carried off a small pig, her only possession. The bishop smiled and said to her, “Do not weep, your pig will be returned to you...” To the astonishment of everyone, the wolf came running back and returned his prey unharmed. greeting the bishop with words of deceit, called him a companion of the gods. The saint answer6ed the greeting, but he called the gods devils. Then they beat him and led him off to prison. the next day, they subjected the saint to tortures again. When they led him back to the prison, seven women followed behind and gathered up the drops of blood. They arrested them and tried to compel them to worship the idols. The women pretended to consent to this and said that first they needed to wash the idols in the waters of a lake. They took the idols and threw them in a very deep part of the lake, and after this the Christians were fiercely tortured. The saints stoically endured the torments, strengthened by the grace of God, their bodies were transformed and became white as snow. One of the women had two young sons, who implored their mother to help them attain the Kingdom of Heaven, and she entrusted them to the care of Saint Blaise. The seven holy women were beheaded. Blaise was again brought before Agrilaus, and again he unflinchingly confessed his faith in Christ. The governor ordered that the martyr be thrown into a lake. The saint, going down to the water, signed himself with the Sign of the Cross, and he walked on it as though on dry land. the pagans standing about on shore, he challenged them to come to him while calling on the help of their gods. Sixty-eight men of the governor’s retinue entered the water, and immediately drowned. The saint, however, heeding the angel who had appeared to him, returned to shore. was in a rage over losing his finest servants, and he gave orders to behead Saint Blaise, and the two sons of the woman martyr entrusted to him. Before his death, the martyr prayed for the whole world, and especially for those honoring his memory. This occurred in about the year 316. relics of the Hieromartyr Blaise were brought to the West during the time of the Crusades, and portions of the relics are preserved in many of the lands of Europe [and his memory traditionally honored there on February 3]. pray to Saint Blaise for the health of domestic animals, and for protection from wild beasts.

Armenia, 301-319, Theodore Stratelates, killed serpent, Heraclea commander&successful preacher, fruitful death, angel revived
Armenia, 301-319, Theodore Stratelates, Euchaita, Pontine, Armenia (Iris River 2), endowed w many talents, handsome, charity, killed giant serpent, Heraclea commander & successful preacher, Licinius 311-324, come to me w your idols, smashed them and distributed to poor, tortured, iron rods, sharp spikes, fire, eyes, crucified, fruitful death, angel healed him, unharmed, voluntarily surrendered, encouraged no revenge, opened prison doors by word, beheaded; Euchaita; Greatmartyr Theodore Stratelates œthe General, Commemorated on February 8; Great Martyr Theodore Stratelates came from the city of Euchaita in Asia Minor. was endowed with many talents, and was handsome in appearance. For his charity God enlightened him with the knowledge of Christian truth. The bravery of the saintly soldier was revealed after he, with the help of God, killed a giant serpent living on a precipice in the outskirts of Euchaita. The serpent had devoured many people and animals, terrorizing the countryside. Saint Theodore armed himself with a sword and vanquished it, glorifying the name of Christ among the people. his bravery Saint Theodore was appointed military commander [stratelatos] in the city of Heraclea, where he combined his military service with preaching the Gospel among the pagans subject to him. His gift of persuasion, reinforced by his personal example of Christian life, turned many from their false gods. Soon, nearly all of Heraclea had accepted Christianity. this time the emperor Licinius (311-324) began a fierce persecution against Christians. In an effort to stamp out the new faith, he persecuted the enlightened adherents of Christianity, who were perceived as a threat to paganism. Among these was Saint Theodore. Licinius tried to force Saint Theodore to offer sacrifice to the pagan gods. The saint invited Licinius to come to him with his idols so both of them could offer sacrifice before the people. by his hatred for Christianity, Licinius trusted the words of the saint, but he was disappointed. Saint Theodore smashed the gold and silver statues into pieces, which he then distributed to the poor. Thus he demonstrated the vain faith in soulless idols, and also displayed Christian charity. Theodore was arrested and subjected to fierce and refined torture. He was dragged on the ground, beaten with iron rods, had his body pierced with sharp spikes, was burned with fire, and his eyes were plucked out. Finally, he was crucified. Varus, the servant of Saint Theodore, barely had the strength to write down the incredible torments of his master. however, in His great mercy, willed that the death of Saint Theodore should be as fruitful for those near him as his life was. An angel healed the saint’s wounded body and took him down from the cross. In the morning, the imperial soldiers found him alive and unharmed. Seeing with their own eyes the infinite might of the Christian God, they were baptized not far from the place of the unsuccessful execution. Saint Theodore became “like a day of splendor” for those pagans dwelling in the darkness of idolatary, and he enlightened their souls “with the bright rays of his suffering.” Unwilling to escape martyrdom for Christ, Saint Theodore voluntarily surrendered himself to Licinius, and discouraged the Christians from rising up against the torturer, saying, “Beloved, halt! My Lord Jesus Christ, hanging upon the Cross, restrained the angels and did not permit them to take revenge on the race of man.” to execution, the holy martyr opened up the prison doors with just a word and freed the prisoners from their bonds. People who touched his robe were healed instantly from sicknesses, and freed from demonic possession. By order of the emperor, Saint Theodore was beheaded by the sword. Before his death he told Varus, “ Do not fail to record the day of my death, and bury my body in Euchaita.” He also asked to be remembered each year on this date. Then he bent his neck beneath the sword, and received the crown of martyrdom which he had sought. This occurred on February 8, 319, on a Saturday, at the third hour of the day. Theodore is regarded as the patron saint of soldiers. He is also commemorated on June 8.

Armenia, 301-351, Paul oNeocaesarea, suffered under Licinius, hunger, red-hot iron on hands, 3EC, Constantine kissed hands
Armenia, 301-351, Paul, Bishop oNeocaesarea, Pontus, Armenia (Kelkit River 3), suffered under Licinius, hunger, red-hot iron on hands, prison, after L executed i324 Constantine sole ruler, Christians freed, returned tNeocaesarea, tFirst EC, emperor kissed burned hand, lived long time; Neocaesarea; St Paul the Bishop of Neocaesarea, Commemorated December 23 ; Paul, Bishop of Neocaesarea, under the emperor Licinius (311-324). his trial he firmly confessed his faith, and was subjected to beatings. They tortured him also with hunger, but he remained steadfast. Then they scorched his hands with red-hot iron and locked him in a prison at the banks of the Euphrates. Licinius was executed in the year 324, Saint Constantine became the sole ruler of the Roman Empire, Christians in prison received their freedom, Paul returned to his flock. was a participant at the First Ecmenical Council at Nicea, convened in the year 325, at which the Arian heresy was condemned and the Symbol of Faith adopted. the end of the Council, the Emperor Constantine solemnly received the Council participants and kissed Saint Paul’s burned hand. long years of guiding his flock, Saint Paul peacefully fell asleep in the Lord.

Armenia, 303, Eugene +3 aTrebizond, unharmed fOx Thong whippin, iron claw scraping, fire burning, red hot oven, So beheaded
Armenia, 303, Eugene +3 aTrebizond, Pontine, Armenia (Black Sea, Silk Road, Harsit River) &Harsit Hills, unharmed fOx Thong whippin, iron claw scraping, fire burning, salt&vinegar in wounds, red hot oven, So then beheaded; Trebizond (Black Sea, Silk Road) ; Martyrs Eugene, Candidus, Valerian, and Aquila, at Trebizond, Commemorated on January 21; Holy Martyrs Eugene, Candidus, Valerian and Aquila suffered for their faith in Christ during the reign of Diocletian (284-305) and Maximian (305-311), under the regimental commander Lycius. Candidus and Aquila had hidden themselves in the hills near Trebizond, preferring life among the wild beasts to living with the pagans. were soon found, however, and brought to Trebizond. their bold and steadfast confession of faith in Christ the holy martyrs were whipped with ox thongs, scraped with iron claws, then were burned with fire. days later Saint Eugene was also arrested, and subjected to the same tortures. they poured vinegar laced with salt into his wounds. these torments, they threw the four martyrs into a red-hot oven. they emerged from it unharmed, they were beheaded, receiving their incorruptible crowns from God.

Armenia, 303, Martyr Eustathius of Nicea, Nicomedia, Bithynia, Gangra, Pathlagonia, Armenia, fierce tortures, rich children
Bithynia, 303, Martyr Eustathius of Nicea, Nicomedia, Bithynia, Gangra, Pathlagonia, Armenia, fierce tortures, rich children; Nicea (Nicaea); Martyr Eustathius of Nicea, Commemorated on November 20 ; Holy Martyrs Eustathius, Thespesius and Anatolius, natives of the city of Gangra, were the children of a rich merchant. They were baptized by Bishop Anthimus of Nicomedia (September 3). They died as martyrs at Nicea, after suffering fierce tortures.

Armenia, 303-311, Barlaam of Caesarea, Cappadocia and Antioch, Syria, held on to the red hot censer, until hand fell off
Armenia, 303-311, Barlaam of Caesarea, Cappadocia and Antioch, Syria, held on to the red hot censer, until hand fell off, fAntioch Syria, Diocletian Persecution time 303-311, Aged, arrested, confessed, red-hot cencer over pagan altar, hand fell off then died; Caesurea, Cappadocia; Martyr Barlaam of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated November 19 ; Holy Martyr Barlaam lived in Antioch of Syria. During Diocletian’s persecution against Christians, the aged Saint Barlaam was arrested and brought to trial, where he confessed himself a Christian. judge, wanting to compel the saint to renounce Christ, ordered that Saint Barlaam be brought to the pagan altar. His right hand was placed over it, and a red-hot censer burning with incense was put into his hand. The torturer thought that a physically weak old man could not endure the pain and would drop it on the altar. In this way he would involuntarily be offering sacrifice to the idol. However, the saint held on to the censer until his hand fell off. After this, the holy Martyr Barlaam surrendered his soul to the Lord.

Armenia, 304, Calliopius at Pompeiopolis, dedicated to God, survived torture, crucified
Cilicia, 304, Calliopius at Pompeiopolis , Cilicia and (near Seyhan River Mouth) and Pompeiopolis in Paphlagonia, Armenia, dedicated to God, survived iron rods, iron wheel, roasted, encouraged by mother, crucified upside down, buried w mother ; Cilician Pompeiopolis ; Martyr Calliopius at Pompeiopolis in Cilicia, Commemorated on April 7; Holy Martyr Calliopius was born in Perge, Pamphylia of the pious woman Theoklia, wife of a renowned senator. Theoklia was childless for a long time. She fervently prayed for a son, vowing to dedicate him to God. after the birth of her son Theoklia was widowed. When Saint Calliopius reached adolescence, a fierce persecution against Christians began. Theoklia, learning that her son would be denounced as a Christian, sent him to Cilicia in Asia Minor. the saint arrived at Pompeiopolis, Paphlagonia there was a celebration in honor of the pagan gods. They invited the youth to take part in the proceedings, but he said he was a Christian and refused. They reported this to the prefect of the city Maximus. Saint Calliopius was brought before him to be tried. At first, he attempted to persuade Calliopius to worship the gods, promising to give him his own daughter in marriage. After the youth rejected this offer, Maximus subjected him to terrible tortures. He ordered the martyr to be beaten on the back with iron rods, and on the stomach with ox-hide thongs. Finally, the prefect had him tied to an iron wheel, and he was roasted over a slow fire. After these tortures, they threw the martyr Calliopius into prison. Theoklia heard about the sufferings of her son, she wrote her last will, freed her slaves, distributed her riches to the poor, and hastened to Saint Calliopius. The brave mother gave money to the guard and got into the prison to see her son. There she encouraged him to endure suffering to the end for Christ. on the following day the saint refused to renounce Christ, Maximus gave orders to crucify the martyr. The day of execution happened to be Great Thursday, when the Savior’s last meal with His disciples is commemorated. begged the guard to crucify her son head downward, since she considered it unworthy for him to be crucified like the Lord. Her wish was granted. The holy martyr hung on the cross overnight and died on Great Friday in the year 304. the holy martyr was removed from the cross, Theoklia gave glory to the Savior. She embraced the lifeless body of her son and gave up her own spirit to God. Christians buried their bodies in a single grave.

Armenia, 304, Capitolina &Eroteis oCappadocia, Armenia, C rich, but no regard, E threw rock, both beheaded fConfessing Christ
Armenia, 304, Capitolina and Eroteis of Cappadocia, Armenia (Central Anatolia, Great Road Ephesus to Euphrates, Kizilirmak River), C rich, but no regard, E threw rock, both beheaded for confessing Christ; Cappadocia; Martyrs Capitolina and Eroteis of Cappadocia, Commemorated on October 27; Capitolina (Καπιτωλίνη) and Eroteis (Ερωτηίς) lived during the reign of Emperor Diocletian, when Zilikinthios (Ζιλικίνθιος) was the magistrate of Cappadocia (ca. 304). was a noble and wealthy lady, she had no regard for riches. she divided all of her property among the poor, and freed her slaves. she was arrested as a Christian and appeared before Zilikinthios, she confessed her faith in Christ. ordered her to be thrown into a nearby prison, and she was beheaded the next day. who was Capitolina’s servant, picked up some stones and threw them at the magistrate. he commanded his guards to beat her mercilessly with sticks. the grace of Christ, however, the Saint remained unharmed. he ordered them to behead her with a sword. this manner, both of these Saints, the lady and her servant, died by the sword, thereby winning imperishable crowns of glory from Christ.

Armenia, 304, Orestes oCappadocia, Armenia, fTyana, soldier, tortured, Establish sign wMe to shame them, earthquake, 1685 vision arms&legs
Armenia, 304, Orestes oCappadocia, Armenia (Central Anatolia), fTyana, soldier, devoted tChrist, refused pagan worship, Maximinus tTyana stamp out C, O refused riches, flogged naked, jail 7days, tPagan Temple, willing subject earthly matters but no king but true God, lashes, rods, rawhide, fire, Establish wMe aSign fGood, to shame who hate me, earthquake idols smashed Temple collapsed, prison 7days nFoodoDrink, resume torture 20 nails into legs, tied wild horse, dragged tDeath, 1685 vision Orestes says also both arms and both legs cut off; Cappadocia; Martyr Orestes of Cappadocia, Commemorated on November 10 ; Martyr Orestes the Physician lived in the city of Tyana in Cappadocia during the reign of Emperor Diocletian (284-311). was an illustrious and capable soldier, from his childhood he had been a devoted servant of Christ, a sacrifice of praise to God with a pure heart, and refusing to worship the demons which the pagans call "gods." the Emperor's command, the military officer Maximinus was sent to Tyana to stamp out Christianity, by then had spread throughout Cappadocia. was among the first brought to trial before Maximinus. Courageously, he confessed his faith in the Lord Jesus Christ. prosecutor offered the Saint riches, honors and fame if he would become an idolater, but Saint Orestes would not agree to this. tried in many ways, to force him to deny Christ. Even with the pressures they exerted upon him, they were unable to convince him to worship the idols. they stripped him naked, beat him up, and flogged him as a punishment. Afterward, he was put in jail for seven days. the end of the seventh day he was taken to a pagan temple to offer sacrifice and worship to the idols. asked him, "Do you still refuse to convert to the worship which is offered with such reverence by our august emperors?" replied that he was a willing subject when it came to political and earthly matters. Apart from that, however, he would not recognize any king except the one true God. ordered that Orestes be taken to a pagan temple and once again, demanded that he worship the idols. he refused, forty soldiers took turns, one after the other, beating the holy martyr with lashes, with rods, with rawhide, and then they tormented him with fire. Orestes cried out to the Lord, “Establish with me a sign for good, let those who hate me see it and be put to shame” (Psalm 85/86:17). Lord heard the prayer of His faithful servant. The earth began to tremble, and the idols toppled and were smashed. Everyone rushed out of the temple, and when Saint Orestes came out, the entire temple collapsed. Maximinus ordered the holy martyr to be locked up in prison for seven days giving him neither food nor drink, and to resume the torture on the eighth day. hammered twenty nails into the martyr’s legs, and then tied him to a wild horse. over the stones, the holy martyr departed to the Lord in the year 304, and his relics were thrown into the sea. 1685, when Saint Dēmḗtrios, later the Bishop of Rostov, (October 28) had just finished writing the Life of Saint Orestes to be printed by the Kiev Caves Lavra, he became tired and fell asleep. Orestes appeared to him one night in a dream, during the Nativity Fast, just before Matins. With a joyful countenance, he said, "I suffered more torments for Christ than these." the Martyr bared his chest and showed Saint Dēmḗtrios the deep wound in his left side. "Here," he said, "they pierced me with a spear." Saint Orestes showed him his right elbow and said, "Here they cut off my arm." he showed him his left arm with a similar wound, saying "They cut off this arm here." this he bent over and showed him one leg, and then the other, with wounds behind the knee. He said, "My legs were cut off with a scythe." this the Martyr stood up and looked the writer in the face, and declared, "Now you see that I suffered more torments for Christ than you have described.” humble monk wondered whether this was Saint Orestes, one of the Five Martyrs of Sebaste (December 13). if in answer to his thoughts the Martyr said, “I am not that Orestes, but him whose Life you have just finished writing.” then, the bells rang for Matins, and the vision ended.

Armenia, 304, Athenodorus oHaran, near Edessa, arrested as Christian, Fierce tortures, miracles, many pagans converted
Mesopotamia, 304, Athenodorus oHaran, Upper Mesopotamia, near Edessa, Syrian Mesopotamia, Assryia, monk fYouth, as Christian arrested condemned tFierce tortures, miracles accompanied martyrtom which converted many pagans i304; Haran, Upper Messopotamia; (Arabic: حران, romanized: Ḥarrān), also known as Carrhae (Greek: Kάρραι, romanized: Kárrhai), is a rural town and district of the Şanlıurfa Province in southeastern Turkey, approximately 40 kilometres (25 miles) southeast of Urfa and 20 kilometers from the border crossing with Syria at Akçakale. was founded at some point between the 25th and 20th centuries BC as a merchant colony by Sumerian traders from Ur. Over the course of its early history, Harran rapidly grew into a major Mesopotamian cultural, commercial and religious center. It was made a religiously and politically influential city through its association with the moon-god Sin; many prominent Mesopotamian rulers consulted with and renovated the moon-temple of Ekhulkhul in Harran. Harran came under Assyrian rule under Adad-nirari I (r. 1305–1274 BC) and became a provincial capital often second in importance only to the Assyrian capital of Assur itself. During the collapse of the Assyrian Empire, Harran briefly served as the final capital of the Neo-Assyrian Empire 612–609 BC. city continued to be prominent after the fall of Assyria and experienced varying degrees of foreign cultural influence during its time under the Neo-Babylonian (609–539 BC), Achaemenid (539–330 BC), Macedonian (330–312 BC) and Seleucid (312–132 BC) empires. During classical antiquity Harran was often contested between the Roman and Parthian (later Sasanian) empires. In 53 BC Harran was the site of the Battle of Carrhae, one of the worst military defeats in Roman history. The Harranian moon cult of Sin proved to be enduring and lasted long into the Middle Ages, known to have existed as late as the 11th century AD. Harran was captured by the Rashidun Caliphate in 640 and remained an important city in the Islamic period. It flourished as a center of science and learning and was the site of both the first Islamic university (the Harran University)[3][a] and the oldest mosque in Anatolia[b] (the Harran Grand Mosque [tr]).[5] Harran twice served as a capital city in the Middle Ages, first briefly under the Umayyad Caliphate 744–750 and later under the Numayrid Emirate 990–1081. city was conquered by the Mongol Empire in 1260 but was largely destroyed and left abandoned in 1271. Although Harran was kept as a military outpost under some later regimes, it has over the last five centuries mainly been used as a temporary settlement by local nomadic societies. Harran retransitioned into a semi-permanent village settlement in the 1840s but has only recently grown into a permanent town through advancements in local irrigation and agriculture. Harran was a Turkish district until 1946, after when it was downgraded to a sub-district of the Akçakale district. It regained its status as a district in 1987.[6] Today, it is a major local tourist spot. The town is particularly famous for its unique beehive houses, which are reminiscent of buildings that were already present at Harran in ancient Mesopotamian times. Martyr Athenodorus of Mesopotamia, Commemorated on December 7; Righteous Jacob, Commemorated on December 11; Holy Martyr Athenodorus, from Syrian Mesopotamia, led a monastic life from his youth. as a Christian, he was arrested and condemned to fierce tortures by the governor of the land, Eleusius. accompanied the martyrdom of the saint, converted many of the pagans to the Christian Faith. was beheaded in the year 304.

Armenia, 306, Theodore the Recruit, confessed Christ, Jesus appearance, climed into fire, body not burned, 363 Kolva instead
Armenia, 306, Theodore the Recruit, Alasium, Pontine, Armenia, soldier, commanded to idol sacrifice, loudly confessed Christ, temple fire, starvation sentence, Jesus appearance, climed into fire, body not burned, 363 T appeared to warn of blood on food, Kolva instead; Alasium or Amasea; Greatmartyr Theodore the Tyro "œthe Recruit"), Commemorated on February 17; Holy Great Martyr Theodore the Recruit (Tyro) was a soldier in the city of Alasium of the Pontine district (northeast province of Asia Minor, stretching along the coast of the Euxine, i.e. the Black Sea), under the command of a certain Brincus. commanded him to offer sacrifice to idols. Saint Theodore firmly confessed his faith in Christ the Savior in a loud voice. The commander gave him several days to think it over, during which time Saint Theodore prayed. charged him with setting a pagan temple on fire, and threw him into prison to be starved to death. The Lord Jesus Christ appeared to him there, comforting and encouraging him. Brought to the governor, Saint Theodore boldly and fearlessly confessed his faith, for which he was subjected to new torments and condemned to burning. The martyr Theodore climbed onto the fire without hesitation, and with prayer gave up his holy soul to God. occurred in about the year 306 under the Roman emperor Galerius (305-311). by the fire, the body of Saint Theodore was buried in the city of Euchaita, not far from Amasium. His relics were afterwards transferred to Constantinople, to a church dedicated to him. His head is in Italy, in the city of Gaeto. on, fifty years after the death of Saint Theodore, the emperor Julian the Apostate (361-363), wanting to commit an outrage upon the Christians, commanded the city-commander of Constantinople during the first week of Great Lent to sprinkle all the food provisions in the marketplaces with the blood offered to idols. Saint Theodore appeared in a dream to Archbishop Eudoxius, ordering him to inform all the Christians that no one should buy anything at the marketplaces, but rather to eat cooked wheat with honey (kolyva). memory of this occurrence, the Orthodox Church annually celebrates the holy Great Martyr Theodore the Recruit on the first Saturday of Great Lent. On Friday evening, at the Divine Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts following the prayer at the ambo, the Canon to the holy Great Martyr Theodore, composed by Saint John of Damascus, is sung. After this, kolyva is blessed and distributed to the faithful. The celebration of the Great Martyr Theodore on the first Saturday of Great Lent was set by the Patriarch Nectarius of Constantinople (381-397). Troparion to Saint Theodore is quite similar to the Troparion for the Prophet Daniel and the Three Holy Youths (December 17, Sunday Before Nativity). The Kontakion to Saint Theodore, who suffered martyrdom by fire, reminds us that he also had faith as his breastplate (see I Thessalonians 5:8). pray to Saint Theodore for the recovery of stolen articles.

Armenia, 308, Eutropius, Cleon & Basil brought pagans in prison to Christ, prayers to Jesus for endurance, tortured torurers
Armenia, 308, Eutropius oAmasya, Pontica, Armenia (Yesil (Iris) River 2), Martyrs Eutropius, Cleonicus and Basiliscus suffered in the city of Pontine Amasea (Asia Minor) in about the year 308, Basiliscus was Theodore tRecruit's nephew, they were comrades, in prison after T's death, their preaching brought pagans in prison to christian faith, T's torturer Governor Pubilus brought down by divine wrath, new gov Asclepiodotus more inhumane, brought to him, confessed Christ, mercilessly beaten, but Eutropius prayed loudly to Jesus, help us endure for martyrdom crown as you helped T, J himself appeared with his angels and T, angels said behold Savior come to help you, that you know life eternal, soldiers and many people saw Jesus, they urged A to stop tortures, to keep many from believing true God, A commanded they be taken away, A invited E to supper, urged public sacrifice while remain christian in soul, but E refused, next day comrads brought to pagan temple for forced sacrifice, E entreated Jesus: Lord be with us, destroy raging otPagans, grant on this place Bloodless sacrifice be offered to you, true God, right then earthquake began, temple walls collapsed, Artemis' statue smashed to bits, everyone fled temple, voice heard from on high in noise of earthquake: your prayer heard, house of Christaian prayer shall be built, when earthquake ended A ordered high wooden stakes, tie martyrs to them, pour boiling tar over them. martyrs prayed, E cried out: may Lord turn your deed against you, So, Tar flowed like water over marble, scorching torturers, those who saw this fled, but A ordered iron hooks rake bodies, sting wounds with mustard seed, salt and vinegar, saints endured wRemarkable firmness, before execution spending night in prayer, Jesus again appeared and strengthened them, Eutropius&Cleonicus crucified, but B returned to prison, then beheaded, thru body in river, but relics found, buried in ploughed field, later Komana church dedicated to Basilicus; Amasea; Martyr Eutropius of Amasea, Commemorated on March 3; Holy Martyrs Eutropius, Cleonicus and Basiliscus suffered in the city of Pontine Amasea (Asia Minor) in about the year 308. brothers Eutropius and Cleonicus, and Basiliscus the nephew of the Great Martyr Theodore the Recruit (February 17), were comrades. the martyric death of Saint Theodore, they wound up in prison and by their preaching brought many of the pagans in prison with them to the Christian Faith. he tortured Saint Theodore, the governor Publius perished shamefully, struck down by divine wrath. was chosen as ruler of Amasea, and was more inhumane than his predecessor. the comrades of Saint Theodore the Recruit were all in prison, the governor commanded that they be brought to him. Eutropius, Cleonicus and Basiliscus thus firmly confessed their faith in Christ before this new governor. were mercilessly beaten, so that their bodies were entirely bruised. he was being tortured Saint Eutropius prayed loudly to the Savior, “Grant us, O Lord, to endure these wounds for the sake of the crown of martyrdom, and help us, as You helped Your servant Theodore.” answer to the saint’s prayer, the Lord Himself appeared to the martyrs with His angels and the holy Great Martyr Theodore the Recruit, to them: “Behold, the Savior has come to help you, that you may know life eternal.” and many of the people standing nearby were also granted to behold the Savior. urged Asclepiodotus to halt the tortures. that the people were distraught and ready to believe in the true God, governor commanded the martyrs to be taken away. governor then invited Saint Eutropius to supper and urged him to offer public sacrifice to the pagan gods, yet remain a Christian in soul. refused this offer. the following day they brought the martyrs to a pagan temple, to force them to offer sacrifice. entreated the Savior: “Lord, be with us, and destroy the raging of the pagans. Grant that on this place the Bloodless Sacrifice of the Christians be offered to You, the true God.” sooner had these last words been spoken, than an earthquake began. walls of the temple collapsed, and the statue of the goddess Artemis was smashed to bits. fled from the temple to avoid being crushed among the rubble. the noise of the earthquake a voice was heard from on high: “Your prayer has been heard, and on this place a house of Christian prayer shall be built.” the earthquake ended, the governor Asclepiodotus, barely recovered from his fright, gave orders to drive high wooden stakes into the ground, tie the martyrs to them and pour boiling tar over them. saints began to pray to God, and Eutropius cried out turning to the torturers: “May the Lord turn your deed against you!” tar began to flow beside the bodies of the martyrs, like water over marble, scorching the torturers. seeing this fled in terror, the governor in his bitterness gave orders to rake their bodies with iron hooks and to sting their wounds with mustard mixed with salt and vinegar. saints endured these torments with remarkable firmness. night before their execution the saints spent their time at prayer, again the Lord appeared to them and strengthened them. the morning of March 3, Saints Eutropius and Cleonicus were crucified, Basiliscus was left in prison. Basiliscus was executed on May 22 in the city of Komana. beheaded him, and threw his body into a river, Christians found his relics and buried them in a ploughed field. at Komana a church was built and dedicated to Saint Basiliscus. account of the life of the holy martyr is found under May 22.

Armenia, 308-324, Basil of Amasea, strengthened christians, opposed Licinius, Glaphyra's letter, Jesus, reattached head
Armenia, 308-324, Basil of Amasea; Hieromartyr Basil, Bishop of Amasea, Commemorated on April 26; Basileus suffered during the reign of Licinius, the ruler of the Eastern part of the Roman Empire. He was elected to the See of Amaseia in the IV century, and participated in the Synods of Ankyra and Neocaesarea in 314 and 315. Saint Athanasios called him "the Great" because Saint Basileus defended the Faith against heresy. He may have influenced Saint Constantine's decision to issue the Edict of Milan (313), granting religious toleration to Christians, Deceitfully, Licinius also signed the Edict, but he hated the Christians and continued to persecute them. Basileus was distinguished for his life of faith and his tireless activities in the performance of his duties. He was always preaching, giving counsel, comforting, supporting, and strengthening the souls of the Christians against the world of idol-worshippers. For this reason, the pagan priests and rulers hated him. In 322, when Licinius launched his persecution against the Christians, Bishop Basileus opposed him. further provoked the wrath of Constantine's co-Emperor Licinius by hiding the young virgin Glaphyra, the handmaiden of his wife Empress Constantia, the sister of Saint Constantine. The pious maiden, who came from a noble Italian family, angrily rejected the Emperor's advances, asking Empress Constantia for her help. She dressed Glaphyra in men's clothes and told her to leave Nikomedia in secret, giving her a large amount of gold, silver and precious stones. Those in the palace heard her tell Licinius that the girl had gone mad, and lay at death's door. a long journey, Saint Glaphyra found herself in Amaseia, where she found shelter in the house of a pious Christian. There she was visited by Saint Basileus who advised her to lead a secluded life, so as not to bring any trouble upon the local Christians from the ruler of the city. At the time, Bishop Basileus was building a church, and the righteous Glaphyra donated all her money to him. She wrote to Constantia telling her where she was, and asking for more gold to be sent to complete the work. The Empress gladly fulfilled her request, but Glaphyra's letter accidentally fell into the hands of Licinius. He ordered the ruler of Amaseia to send Saint Basileus and Saint Glaphyra to him at Nikomedia. However, Saint Glaphyra reposed before the order was received, and therefore, only Saint Basileus was sent to the Emperor. Two deacons, Parthenios and Theotimos accompanied him to Nikomedia. Nikomedia, Bishop Basileus was imprisoned, and the Deacons lodged with a Christian named Elpidophoros. On the eve of the trial Saint Basileus saw Elpidophoros and the Deacons, and told them how the Lord had appeared to him that night, informing him how he would be put to death. He asked the Deacons not to grieve for him and he told them to return to Amaseia. The holy hierarch predicted that Elpidophoros would receive a reward in Heaven for taking care of the Deacons. the trial, Licinius accused Saint Basileus of hiding Glaphyra, but promised him forgiveness and much honor if he would just sacrifice to their "gods." Having achieved nothing, Licinius ordered the soldiers to beat the Saint, and then behead him. Thus, he received a crown of glory from Christ God (ca. 322). the execution, soldiers placed the Martyr's body and head into a boat and, sailing far out to sea, they threw the relics into the water in different places, just as it was foretold to Saint Basileus in prison. That night an Angel appeared three times to Elpidophoros, saying that Saint Basileus was expecting his friends at Sinópē. While on his way to Sinópē the Angel appeared to him again with instructions as to where in the sea he should look for the Martyr's body. At the request of Elpidophoros, fishermen pulled the Saint's body out of the net. Miraculously, the head was reattached to the body. On the neck was there a scar made by the sword, and from the relics there came a wondrous fragrance. Some Christians took them to Amaseia and buried them in the church which the Saint had built. Greek Life of Saint Basileus was written by the priest John of Nikomedia, who visited the Martyr in prison and witnessed his execution. He also received information about Saint Basileus from Elpidophoros and the Deacons. The Life says that Saint Basileus was beheaded on March 28. His relics were found at sea after 25 days, i.e. April 21 or 22. They arrived in Amaseia and were buried five days later, on April 26. Basileus is also commemorated on April 30 (the transfer of his relics). Righteous Virgin Martyr Glaphyra, Commemorated on April 26; Uncovering of the relics of Saint Basil, Bishop of Amasea, Commemorated on April 30

Armenia, 308-324, Saint Glaphyra, Licinius' passion, wife's maid, to Armenia w money, Glaphyra' letter
Armenia, 308-324, Basil of Amasea; Hieromartyr Basil, Bishop of Amasea, Commemorated on April 26; Righteous Virgin Martyr Glaphyra, Commemorated on April 26; Virgin Glaphyra. Licinius burned with passion for Glaphyra, a maidservant of his wife Constantia.The holy virgin reported this to the empress and sought her help. Dressing her in men’s attire and providing her with money, the empress Constantia sent her to Pontus in the company of a devoted servant. They told the emperor that Glaphyra had gone mad and lay near death. On her way to Armenia, Saint Glaphyra stopped in Amasea, where the local bishop, Saint Basil, gave her shelter. this time the saint was building a church in the city. Saint Glaphyra donated all the money that she had received from Constantia for its construction, and in a letter to the empress she asked her to send additional funds to complete the church. The empress fulfilled her request. However, Saint Glaphyra’s letter fell into the hands of the emperor. The enraged Licinius ordered the governor of Amasea to send him the hierarch and the maidservant. Saint Glaphyra died before the edict arrived in Amasea, and Saint Basil was sent to the emperor. Two deacons, Parthenius and Theotimos, followed after him and lodged near the prison where the saint was held. pious Christian Elpidephoros bribed the jailer and each night he visited the saint with Parthenius and Theotimos. On the eve of the saint’s trial, he sang Psalms and chanted, “if I should sojourn at the extremity of the sea... even there Thy hand would guide me, and Thy right hand would hold me” (Ps 138/139:9-10). These were prophetic words. times he broke down in tears. The deacons were afraid that the saint would not be able to endure the coming torments, but he calmed them. the trial Saint Basil resolutely refused the emperor’s offer to become a pagan priest, and so he was sentenced to death. Elpidephoros gave the soldiers money, and they allowed the saint to pray and to speak with his friends before execution. Then the saint said to the executioner, “Friend, do as you have been ordered.” Calmly, he bent his neck beneath the sword. the martyr had been beheaded, Elpidephoros tried to ransom his relics from the soldiers. But the soldiers were afraid of the emperor and they threw the saint’s body and head into the sea. After this, an angel of God appeared to Elpidephoros three times in a dream, saying, “Bishop Basil is in Sinope and awaits you.” this call, Elpidephoros and the deacons sailed to Sinope, and there they hired fishermen to lower their nets. When they lowered the net on the suggestion of the deacons Theotimos and Parthenius, they came up with nothing. Then Elpidephoros declared that he would ask them to lower the net in the name of the God Whom he worshiped. This time, the net brought up the body of Saint Basil. The saint’s head was attached to his body once more, and only the gash on his neck indicated the blow of the sword. The relics of Saint Basil were taken to Amasea and buried in the church he built.

Armenia, 313, 40 Martyrs of Sebaste, Christian Soldiers banned to prison, psalmody, persevere voice, stones came back, More
Armenia, 313, 40 Holy Martyrs of Sebaste, Armenia (Iris River Source, Kizilirmak River 1) Constantine recognizes Christianity, Co-Ruler Pagan Licinius bans Christian Soldiers, 40 distinguished Christian Soldiers to prison, prayer and psalmody, voice to persevere, stones came back, invisible power, voice live for imperishible crowns, into lake in winter, divine light warm water, radiant crowns martyrs heads, 39 crowns b dash for warm b house, guard Aggias becomes Christian, 40th crown, 40 still alive morning, fire, bones in water, bishop Peter commanded to bury relics, 40 skylarks; Sebaste, Armenia ; 40 Holy Martyrs of Sebaste, Commemorated on March 9; the year 313 Saint Constantine the Great issued an edict granting Christians religious freedom, and officially recognizing Christianity as equal with paganism under the law. his co-ruler Licinius was a pagan, and he decided to stamp out Christianity in his part of the Empire. As Licinius prepared his army to fight Constantine, he decided to remove Christians from his army, fearing mutiny. of the military commanders of that time in the Armenian city of Sebaste was Agricola, a zealous champion of idolatry. Under his command was a company of forty Cappadocians, brave soldiers who had distinguished themselves in many battles. When these Christian soldiers refused to offer sacrifice to the pagan gods, Agricola locked them up in prison. The soldiers occupied themselves with prayer and psalmody, and during the night they heard a voice saying, “Persevere until the end, then you shall be saved.” the following morning, the soldiers were again taken to Agricola. This time the pagan tried flattery. He began to praise their valor, their youth and strength, and once more he urged them to renounce Christ and thereby win themselves the respect and favor of their emperor. days later, the renowned judge Licius arrived at Sebaste and put the soldiers on trial. The saints steadfastly answered, “Take not only our military insignia, but also our lives, since nothing is more precious to us than Christ God.” Licius then ordered his servants to stone the holy martyrs. But the stones missed the saints and returned to strike those who had thrown them. One stone thrown by Licius hit Agricola in the face, smashing his teeth. The torturers realized that the saints were guarded by some invisible power. In prison, the soldiers spent the night in prayer and again they heard the voice of the Lord comforting them: “He who believes in me, though he die, yet shall he live (John 11:25). Be brave and fear not, for you shall obtain imperishable crowns.” the following day the judge repeated the interrogation in front of the torturer, but the soldiers remained unyielding. was winter, and there was a severe frost. They lined up the holy soldiers, threw them into a lake near the city, and set a guard to prevent them from coming out of the water. In order to break the will of the martyrs, a warm bath-house was set up on the shore. During the first hour of the night, when the cold had become unbearable, one of the soldiers made a dash for the bath-house, but no sooner had he stepped over the threshold, then he fell down dead. the third hour of the night, the Lord sent consolation to the martyrs. Suddenly there was light, the ice melted away, and the water in the lake became warm. All the guards were asleep, except for Aglaius, who was keeping watch. Looking at the lake he saw that a radiant crown had appeared over the head of each martyr. Aglaius counted thirty-nine crowns and realized that the soldier who fled had lost his crown. then woke up the other guards, took off his uniform and said to them, “I too am a Christian,” and he joined the martyrs. Standing in the water he prayed, “Lord God, I believe in You, in Whom these soldiers believe. Add me to their number, and make me worthy to suffer with Your servants.” Then a fortieth crown appeared over his head. the morning, the torturers saw with surprise that the martyrs were still alive, and their guard Aggias was glorifying Christ together with them. They led the soldiers out of the water and broke their legs. During this horrible execution the mother of the youngest of the soldiers, Meliton, pleaded with her son to persevere until death. put the bodies of the martyrs on a cart and committed them to fire. Young Meliton was still breathing, and they left him on the ground. His mother then picked up her son, and on her own shoulders she carried him behind the cart. When Meliton drew his last breath, his mother put him on the cart with the bodies of his fellow sufferers. The bodies of the saints were tossed in the fire, and their charred bones were thrown into the water, so that Christians would not gather them up. days later the martyrs appeared in a dream to Saint Peter, Bishop of Sebaste, and commanded him to bury their remains. The bishop together with several clergy gathered up the relics of the glorious martyrs by night and buried them with honor. is a pious custom of baking “skylarks” (pastries shaped like skylarks) on this day, because people believed that birds sing at this time to announce the arrival of spring. Forty “skylarks” are prepared in honor of the Forty Martyrs. names of the forty martyrs are: Cyrion (or Quirio), Candidus, Domnus, Hesychius, Heraclius, Smaragdus, Eunocius (Or Eunicus), Valens, Vivianus, Claudius, Priscus, Theodulus, Eutychius, John, Xanthius, Helianus, Sisinius, Aggias, Aetius, Flavius, Acacius, Ecdicius, Lysimachus, Alexander, Elias, Gorgonius, Theophilus, Dometian, Gaius, Leontuis, Athanasius, Cyril, Sacerdon, Nicholas, Valerius, Philoctimon, Severian, Chudion, Aglaius, and Meliton.

Armenia, 313-320, Serbian, Martyr, Sebaste, Armenia, helped the 40 soldiers, his dead servant came to life 15 yrs
Armenia, 313-320, Serbian, Martyr, Sebaste, Armenia; Sebaste, Armenia ; Martyr Severian of Sebaste, Commemorated on September 9 ; Holy Martyr Severian (+ 320) suffered for Christ in Armenian Sebaste during the governorship of Licius, when Christians were persecuted under the emperor Licinius. Even before his martyr’s deed, Saint Severian had shown sincere compassion for 40 Christian soldiers, suffering for confessing the Name of Christ. He visited the captives in prison, raised their spirits, and appealed to their valor and stoic strength. These martyrs met their death at Lake Sebaste (March 9). a year later, Severian was also brought to trial for confessing the Christian Faith, and he was subjected to cruel tortures. Deeply devoted to the will of God, Saint Severian called out to the Lord during his torment, imploring Him for the strength to endure the suffering and to complete his deed of martyrdom. intense torture, and unbroken in his faith, the holy martyr was suspended from the city wall with one stone chained around his neck, and another chained to his feet, and so he died. His body was carried by Christians of Sebaste to his home, where the local inhabitants thronged to take their leave of him and to ask for his holy prayers. Amidst all this a dead man who had not yet been buried arose, a servant of Saint Severian, who got up from his deathbed to follow his master’s final path. He continued to live another fifteen years, never leaving the burial place of the holy martyr. 40 Holy Martyrs of Sebaste, Commemorated on March 9; the year 313 Saint Constantine the Great issued an edict granting Christians religious freedom, and officially recognizing Christianity as equal with paganism under the law. But his co-ruler Licinius was a pagan, and he decided to stamp out Christianity in his part of the Empire. As Licinius prepared his army to fight Constantine, he decided to remove Christians from his army, fearing mutiny. of the military commanders of that time in the Armenian city of Sebaste was Agricola, a zealous champion of idolatry. Under his command was a company of forty Cappadocians, brave soldiers who had distinguished themselves in many battles. When these Christian soldiers refused to offer sacrifice to the pagan gods, Agricola locked them up in prison. The soldiers occupied themselves with prayer and psalmody, and during the night they heard a voice saying, “Persevere until the end, then you shall be saved.” the following morning, the soldiers were again taken to Agricola. This time the pagan tried flattery. He began to praise their valor, their youth and strength, and once more he urged them to renounce Christ and thereby win themselves the respect and favor of their emperor. days later, the renowned judge Licius arrived at Sebaste and put the soldiers on trial. The saints steadfastly answered, “Take not only our military insignia, but also our lives, since nothing is more precious to us than Christ God.” Licius then ordered his servants to stone the holy martyrs. But the stones missed the saints and returned to strike those who had thrown them. One stone thrown by Licius hit Agricola in the face, smashing his teeth. The torturers realized that the saints were guarded by some invisible power. In prison, the soldiers spent the night in prayer and again they heard the voice of the Lord comforting them: “He who believes in me, though he die, yet shall he live (John 11:25). Be brave and fear not, for you shall obtain imperishable crowns.” the following day the judge repeated the interrogation in front of the torturer, but the soldiers remained unyielding. was winter, and there was a severe frost. They lined up the holy soldiers, threw them into a lake near the city, and set a guard to prevent them from coming out of the water. In order to break the will of the martyrs, a warm bath-house was set up on the shore. During the first hour of the night, when the cold had become unbearable, one of the soldiers made a dash for the bath-house, but no sooner had he stepped over the threshold, then he fell down dead. the third hour of the night, the Lord sent consolation to the martyrs. Suddenly there was light, the ice melted away, and the water in the lake became warm. All the guards were asleep, except for Aglaius, who was keeping watch. Looking at the lake he saw that a radiant crown had appeared over the head of each martyr. Aglaius counted thirty-nine crowns and realized that the soldier who fled had lost his crown. then woke up the other guards, took off his uniform and said to them, “I too am a Christian,” and he joined the martyrs. Standing in the water he prayed, “Lord God, I believe in You, in Whom these soldiers believe. Add me to their number, and make me worthy to suffer with Your servants.” Then a fortieth crown appeared over his head. the morning, the torturers saw with surprise that the martyrs were still alive, and their guard Aggias was glorifying Christ together with them. They led the soldiers out of the water and broke their legs. During this horrible execution the mother of the youngest of the soldiers, Meliton, pleaded with her son to persevere until death. put the bodies of the martyrs on a cart and committed them to fire. Young Meliton was still breathing, and they left him on the ground. His mother then picked up her son, and on her own shoulders she carried him behind the cart. When Meliton drew his last breath, his mother put him on the cart with the bodies of his fellow sufferers. The bodies of the saints were tossed in the fire, and their charred bones were thrown into the water, so that Christians would not gather them up. days later the martyrs appeared in a dream to Saint Peter, Bishop of Sebaste, and commanded him to bury their remains. The bishop together with several clergy gathered up the relics of the glorious martyrs by night and buried them with honor. is a pious custom of baking “skylarks” (pastries shaped like skylarks) on this day, because people believed that birds sing at this time to announce the arrival of spring. Forty “skylarks” are prepared in honor of the Forty Martyrs. names of the forty martyrs are: Cyrion (or Quirio), Candidus, Domnus, Hesychius, Heraclius, Smaragdus, Eunocius (Or Eunicus), Valens, Vivianus, Claudius, Priscus, Theodulus, Eutychius, John, Xanthius, Helianus, Sisinius, Aggias, Aetius, Flavius, Acacius, Ecdicius, Lysimachus, Alexander, Elias, Gorgonius, Theophilus, Dometian, Gaius, Leontuis, Athanasius, Cyril, Sacerdon, Nicholas, Valerius, Philoctimon, Severian, Chudion, Aglaius, and Meliton.

Armenia, 316-361, Armenian Saint, Nino, George&Juvenal's Kin, wanted kiss tRobe in Georgia, but MOG sent her tConvert Georgia
Armenia, 316-361, Armenian Saint, Nino, George's Kin, to Georgia for the Robe, virgin, fCappadocia, then Jerusalem a12, J Patriarch Junival's neice, father mother became monastics, raised by old woman who told her about Christ's robe ending up in Pagan Georgia, so Nino prayed MOG blessing travel tG tKiss Robe she had woven, MOG appeared in dream, Go that country assigned me by lot, Preach Gospel, he will send his grace, I will protect you, But Nino overwhelmed bResponsibility, How can I do it, How can I believe this vision, MOG gave her grapevine cross, receive this cross as a shield visible invisible enemies, Nino woke holding cross, rejoiced, told uncle J, he prayed for her to get to go preach Resurrection, guided by Lord, refuge, spiritual Father, Enlighten her like Apostles, with wisdom tProclaim glad tidings, Lord sent Nino tRome, she met&baptized princess Rhipsimia&hNurse, christian persecuter emperor Diocletian wanted marry R, but Nino, Rhipsima, nurse Gaiana & 50 other virgins escaped to Armenia, D sent soldiers after and warned A King Tridates, T found them and like D wanted marry R, But R refused so T had her tortured tDeath wG&50 other virgins, Nino, however, greater task, escaped hiding rose bushes, tGeorgia, greeted by Mtskhetan shepherds Lake Paravani, she received blessing preach Lake P Pagans, tUrbnisi, 1Month, tMtskheta wGeorgians going there tKiss pagan Idol, sad that people trembled before idol, she prayed Lord send mercy this nation that all nations glorify thee alone, suddenly violent wind&hail shattered pagan statues, worshipers fled across city, Nino made home beneath bramble bush Kings garden, wChildless Royal Gardener's family, through Nino's prayers God granted child, couple rejoice converted, followed Nino, many converted bNino's preaching, even terminally ill Queen Nana healed after her conversion, King Mirian not pleased, decided kill all Christians including wife, but while hunting it became very dark, greatly afraid prayed to Pagan gods, unanswered, lost hope, miraculously turned to Christ, illume this night, guide my footsteps, and I will declare your Name, erect a cross, and kiss it, and construct a temple, I vow obedient to Nino and faith Roman People, Suddenly sun shone radiantly and King Mirian thanked Creator, he returned city immediately told Nino his decision, So by equal tApostles Nino's labors Georgia established solidly as Christian nation, N reposed in Bodbe, eastern Georgia, Mirian erected church there; Armenian Saint, 316-340, Nino; St Nino (Nina), Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Georgia, Commemorated on January 14; virgin Nino of Cappadocia a relative of Great-martyr George the only daughter of a widely respected and honorable couple. father was a Roman army chief by the name of Zabulon, her mother, Sosana, the sister of Patriarch Juvenal of Jerusalem. Nino reached the age of twelve, her parents sold all their possessions and moved to Jerusalem. after, Nino’s father was tonsured a monk. He bid farewell to his family and went to labor in the wilderness of the Jordan. Sosana had been separated from her husband, Juvenal ordained her a deaconess. left her daughter Nino in the care of an old woman, Sara Niaphor, raised her in the Christian Faith and related to her the stories of Christ’s life and His suffering on earth. was from Sara that Nino learned how Christ’s Robe had arrived in Georgia, a country of pagans. Nino began to pray fervently to the Theotokos, asking for her blessing to travel to Georgia be made worthy to venerate the Sacred Robe that she had woven for her beloved Son. Most Holy Virgin heard her prayers and appeared to Nino in a dream, saying, “Go to the country that was assigned to me by lot preach the Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ. will send down His grace upon you and I will be your protector.” the blessed Nino was overwhelmed at the thought of such a great responsibility answered, “How can I, a fragile woman, perform such a momentous task, how can I believe that this vision is real?” response, the Most Holy Theotokos presented her with a cross of grapevines proclaimed, “Receive this cross as a shield against visible and invisible enemies!” she awoke, Nino was holding the cross in her hands. dampened it with tears of rejoicing and tied it securely with strands of her own hair. (According to another source, the Theotokos bound the grapevine cross with strands of her own hair.) related the vision to her uncle, Patriarch Juvenal, revealed to him her desire to preach the Gospel in Georgia. led her in front of the Royal Doors, laid his hands on her, and prayed, “O Lord, God of Eternity, I beseech Thee on behalf of my orphaned niece: Grant that, according to Thy will, she may go to preach and proclaim Thy Holy Resurrection. Christ God, be Thou to her a guide, a refuge, and a spiritual father. as Thou didst enlighten the Apostles and all those who feared Thy name, do Thou also enlighten her with the wisdom to proclaim Thy glad tidings.” Nino arrived in Rome, she met and baptized the princess Rhipsimia and her nurse, Gaiana. At that time the Roman emperor was Diocletian, a ruler infamous for persecuting Christians. Diocletian (284-305) fell in love with Rhipsimia and resolved to marry her, but Saint Nino, Rhipsimia, Gaiana, and fifty other virgins escaped to Armenia. The furious Diocletian ordered his soldiers to follow them and sent a messenger to Tiridates, the Armenian king (286-344), to put him on guard. Tiridates located the women and, following Diocletian’s example, was charmed by Rhipsimia’s beauty and resolved to marry her. But Saint Rhipsimia would not consent to wed him, and in his rage the king had her tortured to death with Gaiana and the fifty other virgins. Saint Nino, however, was being prepared for a different, greater task, and she succeeded in escaping King Tiridates’ persecutions by hiding among some rose bushes. she finally arrived in Georgia, Saint Nino was greeted by a group of Mtskhetan shepherds near Lake Paravani, she received a blessing from God to preach to the pagans of this region. the help of her acquaintances Saint Nino soon reached the city of Urbnisi. remained there a month, traveled to Mtskheta with a group of Georgians who were making a pilgrimage to venerate the pagan idol Armazi. she watched with great sadness as the Georgian people trembled before the idols. was exceedingly sorrowful and prayed to the Lord, “O Lord, send down Thy mercy upon this nation...that all nations may glorify Thee alone, the One True God, through Thy Son, Jesus Christ.” a violent wind began to blow and hail fell from the sky, shattering the pagan statues. terrified worshipers fled, scattering across the city. Nino made her home beneath a bramble bush in the garden of the king, the family of the royal gardener. gardener and his wife were childless, through Saint Nino’s prayers God granted them a child. couple rejoiced exceedingly, declared Christ to be the True God, became disciples of Saint Nino. Saint Nino went, those who heard her preach converted to the Christian Faith in great numbers. Nino even healed the terminally ill Queen Nana she declared Christ to be the True God. Mirian, a pagan, was not at all pleased with the great impression Saint Nino’s preaching had made on the Georgian nation. day while he was out hunting, he resolved to kill all those who followed Christ. to his wicked scheme, even his wife, Queen Nana, would face death for failing to renounce the Christian Faith. in the midst of the hunt, it suddenly became very dark. alone, King Mirian became greatly afraid and prayed in vain for the help of the pagan gods. his prayers went unanswered, he finally lost hope miraculously, he turned to Christ: “God of Nino, illumine this night for me and guide my footsteps, I will declare Thy Holy Name. will erect a cross venerate it and I will construct for Thee a temple. vow to be obedient to Nino and to the Faith of the Roman people!” the night was transfigured, the sun shone radiantly, King Mirian gave great thanks to the Creator. he returned to the city, he immediately informed Saint Nino of his decision. a result of the unceasing labors of Equal-to-the-Apostles Nino, was established as a nation solidly rooted in the Christian Faith. Nino reposed in the village of Bodbe in eastern Georgia according to her will, she was buried in the place where she took her last breath. Mirian later erected a church in honor of Saint George over her grave.

Armenia, 320, Gordius, fCaesurea, Valiant skilled Christian Centurion, tSinai tPrepare tConfess aPagan Games, tortured, beheaded
Armenia, 320, Gordius, Caesurea, Cappadocia, Armenia, Centurion, to Sinai, identified self as christian, tormented, beheaded, born christian family, entered military, valor skill, centurion, left world Diocletian Persecution, tSinai desert, tPrepare tBe Confessor, 320 appeared before city perfect somewhere, where Pagan Games being held, Confessed as a Christian, arrested, tortured, beheaded ; Caesurea, Cappadocia; Martyr Gordius at Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated January 3 ; Martyr Gordius was born at the end of the third century in the city of Caesarea of Cappadocia into a Christian family. he came of age, he entered military service. of his valor and military skill, he was made a centurion. the persecution of Christians at the beginning of the fourth century, left the world and settled in the Sinai desert to prepare himself for the good deed of confessing the Name of Christ the Savior. the year 320, Gordius openly appeared before the prefect of a city where pagan games were being held, and identified himself as a Christian. was arrested, suffered terrible torments, then was beheaded.

Armenia, 325, St Hypatius of Gangra, killed by Novatians after 325 E Council, m relics, appeared 1330 in Ipatiev, Russia
Armenia, 325, St Hypatius of Gangra, Paphlagonia, killed by Novatians coming back from 325 E Council, m relics, appeared 1330 in Ipatiev, Russia; Gangra; St Hypatius of Gangra, Commemorated on November 16; Hypatius, Bishop of Gangra, was bishop of the city of Gangra in Paphlagonia (Asia Minor). In the year 325 he participated in the First Ecumenical Council at Nicea, at which the heresy of Arius was anathematized. Saint Hypatius was returning in 326 from Constantinople to Gangra, followers of the schismatics Novatus and Felicissimus fell upon him in a desolate place. The heretics ran him through with swords and spears, and threw him into a swamp. Like the Protomartyr Stephen, Saint Hypatius prayed for his murderers. Arian woman struck the saint on the head with a stone, killing him. The murderers hid his body in a cave, where a Christian who kept straw there found his body. Recognizing the bishop’s body, he hastened to the city to report this, and the inhabitants of Gangra piously buried their beloved archpastor. his death, the relics of Saint Hypatius were famous for numerous miracles, particularly for casting out demons and for healing the sick. of old the hieromartyr Hypatius was particularly venerated in the Russian land. Thus in the year 1330 the Ipatiev monastery was built at Kostroma, on the place where the Mother of God appeared with the Pre-eternal Christ Child, the Apostle Philip, and the hieromartyr Hypatius, Bishop of Gangra. monastery later occupied a significant place in the spiritual and social life of the nation, particularly during the Time of Troubles. ancient copies of the Life of the hieromartyr Hypatius were widely distributed in Russian literature, and one of these was incorporated into The Reading Menaion of Metropolitan Macarius (1542-1564). In this Life there is an account of the appearance of the Savior to Saint Hypatius on the eve of the martyr’s death. entry for the saint’s Feast consists of his Life, some prayers, and words of praise and instruction. The pious veneration of Saint Hypatius was also expressed in Russian liturgical compositions. During the nineteenth century a new service was written for the hieromartyr Hypatius, distinct from the services written by Saint Joseph the Studite, contained in the March Menaion.

Armenia, 325-373, EPHREM OF NISIBIS, Armenia, defended Nicean faith 325, Hymnographer, by songs, commentaries, sermons
Armenia, 325-373, EPHREM OF NISIBIS, Armenia (Tigris River 3) defended Nicean faith 325, Hymnographer, by songs to spread faith, commentaries, sermons; Nisibis (Mesopotamia); EPHREM OF NISIBIS, DEACON AND HYMN-WRITER (10 JUNE 373); (or Ephren or Ephraim or Ephrain) of Edessa [or Nisibis] was a teacher, poet, orator, and defender of the Faith. English-speakers, the most familiar form of his name will be "Ephraim." It is the name of the younger son of Joseph, son of Jacob (see Genesis 41:52), and is thus the name of one of the largest of the twelve tribes of Israel.) (now Urfa), a city in modern Turkey about 100 kilometers from Antioch (now Antakya), was a an early center for the spread of Christian teaching in the East. is said that in 325 he accompanied his bishop, James of Nisibis, to the Council of Nicea. his writings are an eloquent defense of the Nicene faith in the Deity of Jesus Christ. countered the Gnostics' practice of spreading their message through popular songs by composing Christian songs and hymns of his own, with great effect. He is known to the Syrian church as "the harp of the Holy Spirit." retired to a cave outside Edessa, where he lived in great simplicity and devoted himself to writing. He frequently went into the city to preach. During a famine in 372-3 he worked distributing food to the hungry, and organizing a sort of ambulance service for the sick. He worked long hours at this, and became exhausted and sick, and so died. Of his writings there remain 72 hymns, commentaries on the Old and New Testaments, and numerous sermons. Several hymns are available at: http://www.voskrese.info/spl/XefremSyria.html Orthodox he is best known for a fasting prayer: THE PRAYER OF ST EPHRAIM THE SYRIAN O Lord and Master of my life, do not give me the spirit of laziness, meddling, self-importance and idle talk. (prostration) Instead, grace me, Your servant, with the spirit of modesty, humility, patience, and love. (prostration) Indeed, my Lord and King, grant that I may see my own faults, and not condemn my brothers and sisters, for You are blessed unto ages of ages. Amen. (prostration) (Twelve deep bows, saying each time: O God, be gracious to me, a sinner.) [Translation by Fr James Silver, Drew University; posted on the Orthodox list] by James Kiefer

Armenia, 325-375, Saint Emmelίa oCaesarea, Cappadocia, Armenia, Mother o5 saint children
Armenia, 325-375, Saint Emmeleίa (Emmilia) oCaesurea (Kayseri), Armenia, Cappadocian Capital (Great Road, Kizilirmak River 4), fPious family, father martyr, 5 saint children, many sorrows but faith courage patience, taught by example; Caesurea, Cappadocia; Saint Emmeleίa, Commemorated on May 30; Emmeleia was from a pious family of Caesarea in Cappadocia. Her father became a Martyr during the last persecutions. life was a good root which produced sweet fruits children) who emerged as prominent members of society, and most of them were also Saints of the Church, such as Basil the Great, Gregory of Nyssa, Peter of Sebasteίa, the nun Makrina, and the monk Naukratios. a holy root come holy shoots; that is, from holy parents come blessed and holy children. Emmeleίa experienced many sorrows in her life, as is usually the case with the elect. of these were the death of her parents, even before she married, death of her husband, soon as their son Peter was born, the untimely death of her son Naukratios, raising her children alone in the discipline and admonition of the Lord, she faced these with exemplary faith, courage, and patience. taught her children mainly by her own example. Along with her milk, she gave them the unadulterated milk of faith, and taught them the mysteries of the Church. ended her days in a Monastery, where her daughter Saint Makrina (July 19) was the Igoumeness. Emmeleίa is commemorated on January 1 in Slavic usage, and on May 30 in Greek usage.

Armenia, 325-375, Saint Emmelίa oCappadocia, 5 saint children, many sorrows but faith courage patience, taught bExample
Armenia, 325-375, Saint Emmeleίa (Emmilia) oCaesurea (Kayseri), Armenia, Cappadocian Capital (Great Road, Kizilirmak River 4), fPious family, father martyr, 5 saint children, many sorrows but faith courage patience, taught by example; Caesurea, Cappadocia; Saint Emmeleίa, Commemorated on May 30; Emmeleia was from a pious family of Caesarea in Cappadocia. Her father became a Martyr during the last persecutions. life was a good root which produced sweet fruits children) who emerged as prominent members of society, and most of them were also Saints of the Church, such as Basil the Great, Gregory of Nyssa, Peter of Sebasteίa, the nun Makrina, and the monk Naukratios. a holy root come holy shoots; that is, from holy parents come blessed and holy children. Emmeleίa experienced many sorrows in her life, as is usually the case with the elect. of these were the death of her parents, even before she married, death of her husband, soon as their son Peter was born, the untimely death of her son Naukratios, raising her children alone in the discipline and admonition of the Lord, she faced these with exemplary faith, courage, and patience. taught her children mainly by her own example. Along with her milk, she gave them the unadulterated milk of faith, and taught them the mysteries of the Church. ended her days in a Monastery, where her daughter Saint Makrina (July 19) was the Igoumeness. Emmeleίa is commemorated on January 1 in Slavic usage, and on May 30 in Greek usage.

Armenia, 326-361, Georgian Saint, Salome of Armenia, helper and close companion of Nino, a Queen in Georgia
Armenia, Georgian Saint, 326-361, Salome of Armenia ; Commemoration of the apparition of the Pillar with the Robe of the Lord under it at Mtskheta in Georgia, Commemorated on October 1; St Sidonia of Georgia, Commemorated on October 1; Founding of the Church of St George, Commemorated on November 10; Martyrdom of the Great-martyr George of Georgia, Commemorated on November 10; St Nino (Nina), Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Georgia, Commemorated on January 14 ; Venerable Salome of Ujarma, Commemorated on January 15; Salome of Ujarma and Perozhavra of Sivnia were the helpers and closest companions of Saint Nino, Enlightener of Georgia. Saint Nino herself had converted them to the Christian Faith. was the wife of Revi, the son of King Mirian, and Perozhavra was married to the ruler of the Kartli region. Both women were queens, but they succeeded in serving Saint Nino while retaining their imperial roles. Saint Nino taught them to pray, and the women fasted regularly and performed good works. As a result of their influential social status, the two queens were able to help Saint Nino tremendously in spreading the Christian Faith. the conversion of Kartli, with inspiration from Saint Nino and by the order of King Mirian, Saint Salome erected a cross in Ujarma in the Kakheti region. Saint Nino fell ill in the village of Bodbe, the queens Salome and Perozhavra stood by her bed and wept bitterly at having to part with their beloved teacher and healer. They entreated Saint Nino, who was finishing her last hours on this earth, saying, “Tell us, our Queen, how did you come to our country to free our souls, and where were you raised? Tell us how to continue your good works. You who have delivered us from bondage to the enemy, tell us, what shall we do?” the information that Saint Nino then related to them, Saints Salome and Perozhavra wrote The Life of Saint Nino, Enlightener of Georgia. The Apostolic Orthodox Church of Georgia commemorates them on January 15, the day following the commemoration of Saint Nino. The Entrance of St Nino (Nina) the Enlightener into Georgia, Commemorated on May 19; Glorification of the Venerable Zebulon, the father of St Nino Enlightener of Georgia, Commemorated on May 20 ;

Armenia, 326-373, Saint, Ephrem the Syrian, Hymn writer, theologian, popular, enter into yourself
Syria, 326-373, Saint, Ephrem the Syrian; the Syrian (Classical Syriac:; c. 306 – 373), also known as Saint Ephrem, Ephrem of Edessa or Ephrem of Nisibis, ----------------------------------was a prominent Christian theologian and writer, who is revered as one of the most notable hymnographers of the Eastern Christianity. ------------------------------------ He was born in Nisibis, served as a deacon and later lived in Edessa.[1][2] is venerated as a saint by all traditional Churches. He is especially revered in Syriac Christianity, most notaby in the Syriac Orthodox Church, and also counted as a Venerable Father (i.e., a sainted Monk) in the Eastern Orthodox Church. His feast day is celebrated on 28 January and on the Saturday of the Venerable Fathers. He was declared a Doctor of the Church in the Roman Catholic Church in 1920. wrote a wide variety of hymns, poems, and sermons in verse, as well as prose exegesis. These were works of practical theology for the edification of the Church in troubled times. So popular were his works, that, for centuries after his death, Christian authors wrote hundreds of pseudepigraphal works in his name. He has been called the most significant of all of the fathers of the Syriac-speaking church tradition.[3] The Nativity of our Lord God and Savior Jesus Christ, Commemorated on December 25; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated on January 28;

Armenia, 326-373. Saint Ephrem of Nisibis, preached repentence, anti arian, St James, teacher, writer, hymns
Armenia, 326-373. Saint Ephrem of Nisibis, Armenia (Tigris River 3) Armenia, 280-337. Saint James of Nisibis, Armenia (Tigris River 3) Nisibis (Mesopotamia); St James the Bishop of Nisibis, Commemorated January 13 ; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated January 28 ; Ephraim the Syrian, a teacher of repentance, was born at the beginning of the fourth century in the city of Nisibis (Mesopotamia) into the family of impoverished toilers of the soil. His parents raised their son in piety, but from his childhood he was known for his quick temper and impetuous character. He often had fights, acted thoughtlessly, and even doubted God’s Providence. He finally recovered his senses by the grace of God, and embarked on the path of repentance and salvation. he was unjustly accused of stealing a sheep and was thrown into prison. He heard a voice in a dream calling him to repent and correct his life. After this, he was acquitted of the charges and set free. young man ran off to the mountains to join the hermits. This form of Christian asceticism had been introduced by a disciple of Saint Anthony the Great, the Egyptian desert dweller Eugenius. James of Nisibis (January 13) was a noted ascetic, a preacher of Christianity and denouncer of the Arians. Saint Ephraim became one of his disciples. Under the direction of the holy hierarch, Saint Ephraim attained Christian meekness, humility, submission to God’s will, and the strength to undergo various temptations without complaint. James transformed the wayward youth into a humble and conrite monk. Realizing the great worth of his disciple, he made use of his talents. He trusted him to preach sermons, to instruct children in school, and he took Ephraim with him to the First Ecumenical Council at Nicea (in the year 325). Saint Ephraim was in obedience to Saint James for fourteen years, until the bishop’s death in 338. the capture of Nisibis by the Persians in 363, Saint Ephraim went to a monastery near the city of Edessa. Here he saw many great ascetics, passing their lives in prayer and psalmody. Their caves were solitary shelters, and they fed themselves with a certain plant. became especially close to the ascetic Julian (October 18), who was of one mind with him. Saint Ephraim combined asceticism with a ceaseless study of the Word of God, taking from it both solace and wisdom for his soul. The Lord gave him a gift of teaching, and people began to come to him, wanting to hear his counsel, which produced compunction in the soul, since he began with self-accusation. Bot, wrh verbally and in writing, Saint Ephraim instructed everyone in repentance, faith and piety, and he denounced the Arian heresy, which at that time was causing great turmoil. Pagans who heard the preaching of the saint were converted to Christianity. also wrote the first Syriac commentary on the Pentateuch (i.e. “Five Books”) of Moses. He wrote many prayers and hymns, thereby enriching the Church’s liturgical services. Famous prayers of Saint Ephraim are to the Most Holy Trinity, to the Son of God, and to the Most Holy Theotokos. He composed hymns for the Twelve Great Feasts of the Lord (the Nativity of Christ, the Baptism, the Resurrection), and funeral hymns. Saint Ephraim’s Prayer of Repentance, “O Lord and Master of my life...”, is recited during Great Lent, and it summons Christians to spiritual renewal. ancient times the Church has valued the works of Saint Ephraim. His works were read publicly in certain churches after the Holy Scripture, as Saint Jerome tells us. At present, the Church Typikon prescribes certain of his instructions to be read on the days of Lent. Among the prophets, Saint David is the preeminent psalmodist; among the Fathers of the Church, Saint Ephraim the Syrian is the preeminent man of prayer. His spiritual experience made him a guide for monastics and a help to the pastors of Edessa. Saint Ephraim wrote in Syriac, but his works were very early translated into Greek and Armenian. Translations into Latin and Slavonic were made from the Greek text. many of Saint Ephraim’s works we catch glimpses of the life of the Syrian ascetics, which was centered on prayer and working in various obediences for the common good of the brethren. The outlook of all the Syrian ascetics was the same. The monks believed that the goal of their efforts was communion with God and the acquisition of divine grace. For them, the present life was a time of tears, fasting and toil. “If the Son of God is within you, then His Kingdom is also within you. Thus, the Kingdom of God is within you, a sinner. Enter into yourself, search diligently and without toil you shall find it. Outside of you is death, and the door to it is sin. Enter into yourself, dwell within your heart, for God is there.” spiritual sobriety, the developing of good within man’s soul gives him the possibility to take upon himself a task like blessedness, and a self-constraint like sanctity. The requital is presupposed in the earthly life of man, it is an undertaking of spiritual perfection by degrees. Whoever grows himself wings upon the earth, says Saint Ephraim, is one who soars up into the heights; whoever purifies his mind here below, there glimpses the Glory of God. In whatever measure each one loves God, he is, by God’s love, satiated to fullness according to that measure. Man, cleansing himself and attaining the grace of the Holy Spirit while still here on earth, has a foretaste of the Kingdom of Heaven. To attain to life eternal, in the teachings of Saint Ephraim, does not mean to pass over from one realm of being into another, but rather to discover “the heavenly,” spiritual condition of being. Eternal life is not bestown on man through God’s one-sided efforts, but rather, it constantly grows like a seed within him by his efforts, toils and struggles. pledge within us of “theosis” (or “deification”) is the Baptism of Christ, and the main force that drives the Christian life is repentance. Saint Ephraim was a great teacher of repentance. The forgiveness of sins in the Mystery of Repentance, according to his teaching, is not an external exoneration, not a forgetting of the sins, but rather their complete undoing, their annihilation. The tears of repentance wash away and burn away the sin. Moreover, they (i.e. the tears) enliven, they transfigure sinful nature, they give the strength “to walk in the way of the the Lord’s commandments,” encouraging hope in God. In the fiery font of repentance, the saint wrote, “you sail yourself across, O sinner, you resurrect yourself from the dead.” Ephraim, accounting himself as the least and worst of all, went to Egypt at the end of his life to see the efforts of the great ascetics. He was accepted there as a welcome guest and received great solace from conversing with them. On his return journey he visited at Caesarea in Cappadocia with Saint Basil the Great (January 1), who wanted to ordain him a priest, but he considered himself unworthy of the priesthood. At the insistence of Saint Basil, he consented only to be ordained as a deacon, in which rank he remained until his death. Later on, Saint Basil invited Saint Ephraim to accept a bishop’s throne, but the saint feigned madness in order to avoid this honor, humbly regarding himself as unworthy of it. his return to his own Edessa wilderness, Saint Ephraim hoped to spend the rest of his life in solitude, but divine Providence again summoned him to serve his neighbor. The inhabitants of Edessa were suffering from a devastating famine. By the influence of his word, the saint persuaded the wealthy to render aid to those in need. From the offerings of believers he built a poor-house for the poor and sick. Saint Ephraim then withdrew to a cave near Edessa, where he remained to the end of his days. EPHREM OF EDESSA, DEACON AND HYMN-WRITER (10 JUNE 373), Commemorated June 10;

Armenia, 328-388, Nophon, oCyprus, sinful youth, black face, radiant face, passion struggles, St Paul appearance, bishop
Cyprus, 328-388, Nophon, Bishop oCyprus, Constantia, Cyprus, fPaphlagonia, ed iConstantinople, gentle kind child but wild sinful youth, came to senses but believed lost, friend stared at his black face, realized how far fallen, cried to MOG, ling time, then saw MOG's face radiant, started praying MOG incessantly, sin caused her face turn away, tears oRepentence caused her face turn back, finally turned life around, illnes healed, holy mysteries, tonsured monk, exhausting struggle wPassions, several years, demon attacks, gift o discerning defeat spirits, see soul departures, Bishop as old man, by St Paul's appearance, consecrate someone who looks like me, even if he resists, quickly made deacon, priest&bishop, governed short time, foresaw death 3days, visited bAthanasios tG, Angels, various Saints, &MOG; Constantia, Cyprus St Niphon Bishop of Cyprus, Commemorated December 23 ; Niphon (Nḗphon), the Bishop of Constantia on the island of Cyprus, born in Paphlagonia in the IV century, was educated in Constantinople. a child, he was gentle and kind, and he often attended Church Services. in in his youth, he began to lead a wild and sinful life. when he came to his senses, he was horrified at the extent of his fall, believing that he was lost and could not be forgiven, he continued his wicked life. day he met a friend who gazed at his face for a long time in astonishment. Niphon asked why he was staring, the friend replied, “I have never seen your face like this before. It is black, like that of an Ethiopian.” words made Niphon realize how far he had fallen, he began to cry out to the Mother of God, asking for her intercession. praying for a long time, he saw that the face of the Mother of God on the Icon had become radiant, and she smiled. that time, Niphon prayed incessantly to the Queen of Heaven. he fell into sin, the face of the Mother of God turned away from him, but after he prayed with fervent tears of repentance, she seemed to show mercy and she looked at him again. Niphon completely turned his life around, and he began to spend his time in prayer and repentance. an illness, from which he was healed by the Mother of God, he partook of the Holy Mysteries. he was tonsured as a monk and intensified his ascetical labors, exhausting his body in his struggle with the passions. struggle lasted several years, and Saint Niphon was attacked many times by demons, but with God's help he was able to overcome them. he received from the Lord the gift of discerning the machinations of evil spirits, and how to defeat them. was even able to see the departure of souls after death. he was already an old man, he journeyed to Alexandria. that time a delegation from Constantia was in the city to ask Patriarch Alexander (May 29) to consecrate a new Bishop for them, because their Bishop Christopher had reposed. night Saint Paul appeared to Saint Alexander in a vision and told him to go to the church the next day with his clergy. Apostle said, "When you see someone who resembles me (except for being bald), consecrate him as the Bishop of Christ's flock, even if he does not wish it." the morning Patriarch Alexander told Niphon that he must not refuse to do what the Lord had appointed for him. protested that he was not worthy to be a Hierarch, yet he did not dare to oppose God's will. were made and Niphon was ordained as a deacon, then shortly afterward he was ordained to the priesthood; and finally, he was consecrated as a Bishop. days later, he set out for his diocese. governing his flock for a short time, Saint Niphon foresaw that he would die in three days. his repose he was visited by Saint Athanasios the Great. his deathbed, he was accounted worthy to behold the Holy Angels and various Saints: Martyrs, Prophets, Priests, Monks, and the Most Holy Theotokos. his flock learned of their Bishop's death there was weeping and lamentation throughout the city. Patriarch asked them to give thanks to God instead, for letting them have such a holy man as their Bishop. the funeral, Saint Niphon was laid to rest in the church of the Holy Apostles, and then everyone glorified God, Who is wondrous in His Saints.

Armenia, 330?-394, Egyptian John the Anchorite, the Hermit, lived 10 years in well with snakes, angel brought food through P
Egypt, 330?-394, Egyptian Saint, John the Anchorite, John the Hermit; Venerable John the Anchorite of Egypt, Commemorated on March 29; John the Anchorite: During a persecution against Christians, the devout widow Juliania of Armenia hid from pursuers together with her two young children John and Themistea. She taught her children to pray and to read the Holy Scriptures. time to time John secretly visited a nearby monastery, thereby placing himself in danger. Once, a pious old man advised him to find a more secluded place for prayer. Returning home, the saint told his mother that he was going to visit the Elder. Thinking that her son would soon return, she let him go. went to the desert-dweller Pharmutios and received his blessing to live alone in the wilderness. The young ascetic found an abandoned well, which was filled with snakes, scorpions and other vile creatures. He lowered himself into the well and lived there for ten years in fasting, vigil, and prayer. angel who brought food to the hermit Pharmutios also brought bread for Saint John. The angel did not bring the bread directly to John, however, lest the young ascetic become filled with pride. Food was sent to him through his spiritual Father, Pharmutios. John had many temptations from the devil to test him. Demons assumed the appearance of his mother, his sister, his relatives and acquaintances in order to sadden the ascetic and compel him to give up his ascetic struggles. With tears they approached the well one after the other, begging Saint John to leave with them. All this time the saint did not cease to pray. Finally he said, “Be gone from me,” and the demons vanished. John lived in the well until the time of his blessed repose. Through God’s providence Saint Chrysikhios, who had struggled in the desert for thirty years, came to bury him. On the eve of his repose, Saint John told Chrysikhios of his life and struggles for salvation. After his death, numerous miracles occurred at the place of his ascetic deeds.

Armenia, 330-339, C King, Khosrov III the Small, prosperity, Dvin the capital, 2 generals, Pro Sassanid groups
Armenia, 330-339, Khosrov III the Small; III the Small (Kotak means small, flourished second half of the 3rd century & first half of the 4th century, ruled 330–339) was a Prince who served as a Roman Client King of Arsacid Armenia. was the son and successor of King Tiridates III and Queen Ashkhen. His paternal aunt was the Princess Khosrovidukht; his sister was Princess Salome and had an unnamed sister who married St. Husik I, one of the earlier Catholicoi of the Armenian Apostolic Church. received the epithet Kotak because he was a man of short stature. He was the namesake of his paternal grandfather Khosrov II of Armenia, and the Parthian and Armenian monarchs of this name, see Khosrau. lacked the moral and physical vigour of his father,[1] yet he was very tactful, diplomatic and was backed by St. Vrtanes I.[2] under his rule enjoyed a period of prosperity. He founded a hunting ground (which was named after him) and the city of Dvin, which later became the Armenian capital.[3] Khosrov's reign, two generals, Vache Mamikonian and Vahan Amatuni, distinguished themselves for their valor in battle, often coming to help the king. During these years, pro-Sassanid and anti-Mamikonian sentiment grew in Armenia and so did anti-Roman sentiment. Pro-Sassanid groups gained popularity so much so that they were successful in assassinating Catholicos St. Aristaces I, second son of Gregory the Illuminator. The Sassanid King Shapur II of the Persians invaded Armenia twice and did gain some territory. Vache Mamikonian was killed in those battles and was later named a saint by the Armenian Apostolic Church for his sacrifice. Khosrov died in 339 and was succeeded by his son Tigranes VII (Tiran).

Armenia, 330-380, Publius tAscetic, Syrian Senator, gave all, Archimandrite 2 monasteries, died 380, strict ascetic monk 40yrs
Syria, 330-380, Publius tAscetic, fZeugma, Syria iGreater Armenia (Euphrates River 3), Syrian Senator, renounced world, gave possessions, became monk, ascetical life mountain cave Syrian wilderness, founded 2 monasteries, 1Greek, 1Syrian, so eventually Archimandrite, died 380, though elevated remained strict ascetic 40yrs; Zeugma, Syria; St Publius the Ascetic of Syria, Commemorated January 25 ; Publius of Syria was born in the city of Zeugma on the Euphrates and was a senator. the world, he gave away his possessions, became a monk, and lived an ascetical life in a cave on a mountain in the Syrian wilderness. Publius founded two monasteries: one for Greeks, and another for Syrians. died in the year 380. his disciples, Saints Theoteknos, Theodotus, Gregory, and Aphthonius were particularly known for the sanctity of their life. Publius guided the monastery for over forty years and was eventually made an archimandrite. elevated in rank, he changed neither his garb nor his manner of life, but remained a strict ascetic.

Armenia, 331-383, Cappadocian Goth Arian Saint, Ulfilas
Cappadocia, 331-383, Cappadocian Goth Arian Saint, Ulfilas; REMIGIUS OF RHEIMS, BISHOP, APOSTLE OF THE FRANKS (1 OCTOBER 530);

Armenia, 335-385, Theosebia tDeaconess, virgin, caring fSick, food fVagrants, raising Orphans, Prep women fBaptism, one of the 5
Armenia, 335-385, Theosebia tDeaconess, one of the 5, virgin, caring fSick, food fVagrants, raising Orphans, Prep women fBaptism, Sister oMacrina tYounger, Basil tGreat, Gregory oNyssa, & Peter oSebaste; Byzantium, 335-385, Theosebia the Deaconess; Blessed Theosebia the Deaconess, sister of Saints Basil the Great and Gregory of Nyssa, Commemorated on January 10; Theosebia the Deaconess the sister of Saints Basil the Great, Gregory, afterwards Bishop of Nyssa , and Peter, Bishop of Sebaste. was a virgin and served the Holy Church as a deaconess, caring for the sick, distributing food to vagrants, raising orphans and preparing women for holy Baptism. her brother, Saint Gregory of Nyssa, was in exile for three years, Saint Theosebia was with him and she shared in all the tribulations of a life of wandering. Theosebia died in 385, and Saint Gregory the Theologian praised her in a eulogy. Armenia, 325-375, Emmelia of Caesarea, mother of 5 Saints; Saint Emilia, Mother of Saint Basil the Great, Commemorated on January 1;

Armenia, 337-350, Paul I, Patriarch, Archbishop, Orthodox Confessor, Exiled 4times bArians, tRome 2t, tPontus, tCucusus
Armenia, 337-350, Paul I, Patriarch, Archbishop, Orthodox Confessor, Exiled 4times bArians, tRome 2t, tPontus, tCucusus; Byzantine Patriarch, 337-350, Paul I of Constantinople; Martyr Marcian the Notary of Constantinople, Commemorated on October 25 ; St Paul the Confessor the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated on November 6; Paul the Confessor, Archbishop of Constantinople, was chosen to the patriarchal throne after the death of Patriarch Alexander (+ 340), the Arian heresy had again flared up. of the Arians were present at the Council which selected the new Archbishop of Constantinople. They revolted in opposition to the choice of Saint Paul, but the Orthodox at the Council were in the majority. emperor Constantius, ruling over the Eastern half of the Roman Empire, was an Arian. was not in Constantinople for the election of the Archbishop, and so it took place without his consent. his return, he convened a council which illegally deposed Saint Paul, and the emperor banished him from the capital. place of the saint they elevated Eusebius of Nicomedia, an impious heretic. Paul withdrew to Rome, where other Orthodox bishops were also banished by Eusebius. did not rule the Church of Constantinople for long. he died, Saint Paul returned to Constantinople, and was greeted by his flock with love. Constantius exiled the saint a second time, and so he returned to Rome. Western emperor Constans wrote a harsh letter to his Eastern co-ruler, which he sent to Constantinople along with the holy exiled archpastor. threats worked, and Saint Paul was reinstated upon the archepiscopal throne. soon the pious emperor Constans, a defender of the Orthodox, was treacherously murdered during a palace coup. again banished Saint Paul from Constantinople and this time sent him off in exile to Armenia, to the city of Cucusus, where he endured a martyr’s death. the Archbishop was celebrating the Divine Liturgy, Arians rushed upon him by force and strangled him with his own omophorion. occurred in the year 350. 381, the holy Emperor Theodosius the Great solemnly transferred the relics of Saint Paul the Confessor from Cucusus to Constantinople. 1326, the relics of Saint Paul were transferred to Venice. Athanasius the Great, a contemporary of Saint Paul, writes briefly about his exiles, “Saint Paul the first time was sent by Constantine to Pontus, second time he was fettered with chains by Constantius, and then he was locked up in Mesopotamian Syngara and there moved to Emesus, the fourth time to Cappadocian Cucusus in the Taurian wilderness.”

Armenia, 339-350, C King, Tiran, lukewarm christian, Arian, k st Husic I, Shapur II hostage, blinded, nobles Rome d S II
Armenia, 339-350, Tigranes II, Tiran of Armenia; (flourished second half of the 3rd century & first half of the 4th century) known also as Tigranes VII or Tigranes[1] and Diran[2] was a Prince who served as a Roman Client King of Arsacid Armenia from 339 until 350. He was a contemporary and is associated with the life of Saint Sarkis the Warrior and his son, Saint Mardiros. was the son, successor and was among the children born to Khosrov III Kotak[3][4] by an unnamed mother, thus was a grandson of Tiridates III of Armenia[3] and his wife, Ashkhen. He was the maternal uncle of St. Nerses I who would become a future Catholicos of Armenia. Tiran was named in honor of the monarchs named Tigranes of the Artaxiad Dynasty. The name Tigranes, was the most common royal name in the Artaxiad Dynasty and was among the most ancient names of the Kings of Armenia.[5] his father died in 339, Tiran succeeded his father as King of Armenia. Little is known on life, prior to becoming King of Armenia. was a lukewarm Christian[1] and was the first Arsacid ruling monarch to aggressively pursue a policy on Arianism.[6] Although Tiran was endorsed by the Christian aristocrats of Armenia, the King was a disappointment, intellectually and morally.[4] The reign of Tiran was blemished by conflicts both internally and externally. had antagonised the clergy and the great Mamikonian family, who had been the mainstay to the throne.[4] He had many disagreements with the reigning Catholicos and his relation St. Husik I. St. Husik I had criticised Tiran on his public and private conduct.[4] This led Tiran in ordering the death of St. Husik I who was beaten to death on Tiran's orders, because the Catholicos denied him entry to a church in Sophene on a feast day[4] in 347. massacred two leading Armenian families the Ardzruni and Reshtuni, who he accused in having secret relations with the Sassanids and tried on various occasions which failed to crush the power of the Armenian feudal lords[7] which were among his acts of committed barbarity.[7] Tiran's foreign policy he was mainly concerned with the Sassanid King Shapur II.[3] Shapur II launched a war on Rome and her allies, firstly by persecuting the Christians that lived in Persia and Mesopotamia.[7] Shapur II's war by capturing these territories began to dealt a severe blow to Roman prestige in the East.[7] II invaded Armenia with his army and eventually took Tiran, his Queen and their family as hostages.[7][3] Tiran and his family were betrayed by his chamberlain to Shapur II.[7][3] Tiran and his family became Sassanid political prisoners, which Tiran was blinded and thrown into prison, after Tiran was accused by Shapur II of collusion with Rome.[7] Armenian nobles infuriated by the brutality of Shapur II and his treatment of Tiran and his family, took up arms and fought against Shapur II and his army with assistance from the Romans.[7] They successfully drove Shapur II and his army out from Armenia. After Shapur II was defeated, he had signed a treaty and agreed to release Tiran and his family from prison. As Tiran was depressed and blinded, he abdicated his throne and his second son Arsaces II (Arshak II), succeeded him father as Armenian King in 350. married an unnamed woman by whom he had three sons and a daughter, who were: Artaxias,[8] Arsaces II (Arshak II),[8] Tiridates[8] and Eranyak.[9]

Armenia, 340-394, Amphilochius of Iconium, Lykaonia, disciple of Gregory & Basil, 40 yr wild ascetic, made bishop by angels
Lykaonia, 340-394, Amphilochius of Iconium (Konya), Lykaonia (Goksu River and Great Road), disciple of Gregory and Basil, 40 yr wilderness ascetic, made bishop by Angels, 381 council, fought heresies, Arian, Eunomian, Macedonian ; Iconium; St Amphilochius the Bishop of Iconium, Commemorated on November 23 ; Amphilochius, Bishop of Iconium, was born in Caesarea in Cappadocia, city which has given the world some of the greatest Fathers and teachers of the Orthodox Church. was a first cousin to Saint Gregory the Theologian, a close friend of Saint Basil the Great. was their disciple, follower and of like mind with them. Amphilochius toiled hard in the field of Christ. lived in the wilderness as a strict ascetic for about forty years, the time when the Lord summoned him for hierarchic service. the year 372 the Bishop of Iconium died. Angels of the Lord thrice appeared in visions to Saint Amphilochius, summoning him to go to Iconium to be the bishop. truthfulness of these visions was proven when the angel, appearing to him the third time, sang together with the saint the angelic song: “Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord of Sabaoth.” heavenly messenger led the saint to the nearest church, where an assembly of angels consecrated Amphilochius bishop. saint, on the way back to his cell, encountered seven bishops who were seeking him at the command of God, in order to establish him as archpastor of Iconium. Saint Amphilochius told them that he was already consecrated by the angels. many years Saint Amphilochius tended the flock of Iconium entrusted to him by the Lord. prayer of the righteous one was so intense that he was able to ask the Lord to heal the spiritual and bodily infirmities of his flock. wise archpastor, gifted as writer and preacher, unceasingly taught piety to his flock. strict Orthodox theologian, the saint relentlessly confronted the Arian and Eunomian heresies. participated in the Second Ecumenical Council (381), and he headed the struggle against the heresy of Macedonius. and treatises of Saint Amphilochius are preserved, which are profoundly dogmatic and apologetic in content. holy Bishop Amphilochius of Iconium departed peacefully to the Lord in the year 394.

Armenia, 340-379, Syrian Eusebius of Samosata, Orthodox, consiliatory decree, both hands, concealed identity, deposed 2x
Syrian Saint, 340-379, Eusebius of Samosata ; Hieromartyr Eusebius the Bishop of Samosata, Commemorated on June 22; Hieromartyr Eusebius, Bishop of Samosata, stood firmly for the Orthodox Confession of Faith proclaimed at the First Ecumenical Council at Nicea in the year 325. For this he underwent persecution by the Arians, being repeatedly deprived of his see and banished. The emperor Constantius (337-361), patron of the Arians, learned that Saint Eusebius kept a conciliar decree regarding the election of the Orthodox Archbishop Meletius to the See of Antioch. He commanded him to give up the decree. The saint boldly refused to do as ordered. The enraged emperor sent a message that if he did not give up the decree, then his right hand would be cut off. Saint Eusebius stretched out both hands to the emissary saying, “Cut them off, but I will not give up the Decree of the Council, which denounces the wickedness and iniquity of the Arians.” The emperor Constantius marveled at the audacity of the bishop, but did not harm him. the reign of Julian the Apostate (361-363), even more difficult times ensued, and an open persecution against Christians began. Eusebius, having concealed his identity, went about in the garb of a soldier across the whole of Syria, Phoenicia and Palestine, urging Christians to the Orthodox Faith. He established priests and deacons in desolated churches, and he consecrated bishops who renounced the Arian heresy. Julian the Apostate’s death, he was succeeded by the pious emperor Jovian (363-364), during whose reign the persecutions stopped. Returning from exile, Saint Meletius (February 12) convened a local Council at Antioch in the year 379 on the advice of Saint Eusebius. Twenty-seven bishops participated, and it reaffirmed the Orthodox teaching of the First Ecumenical Council. Arians signed the conciliar definition, fearing the steadfast defenders of Orthodoxy, the holy hierarchs Meletius, Eusebius and Pelagios, who had great influence with the emperor. the death of Jovian the Arian Valentinian (364-378) came to power.The Orthodox were again subjected to persecution. Saint Meletius was banished to Armenia, Saint Pelagius to Arabia, and Saint Eusebius was condemned to exile in Thrace. Having received the imperial decree, Saint Eusebius left Samosata by night so as to prevent tumult among the people that esteemed him. Having learned of of the bishop’s departure, believers followed after him and with tears entreated him to return. The saint refused the entreaty of those who had come, saying that he had to obey the authorities. The saint urged his flock to hold firm to Orthodoxy, blessed them and set off to the place of exile. The Arian Eunomios became Bishop of Samosata, but the people did not accept the heretic. The Orthodox would not go to the church and avoided meeting with him. The heretical Arian perceived that it was impossible to attract the independent flock to him. emperor Gracian (375-383) came upon the throne, and all the Orthodox hierarchs banished under the Arians were brought back from exile. Saint Eusebius also returned to Samosata and continued with the task of building up the Church. Together with Saint Meletius he supplied Orthodox hierarchs and clergy to Arian places. the year 380 he arrived in the Arian city of Dolikhina to establish the Orthodox bishop Marinus there. An Arian woman threw a roof tile at the holy bishop’s head. As he lay dying, he asked her for wine and requested those around not to do her any harm. The body of Saint Eusebius was taken to Samosata and was buried by his flock. The saint’s nephew, Antiochus, succeeded him and the Samosata Church continued to confess the Orthodox Faith, firmly spread through the efforts of the holy Hieromartyr Eusebius.

Armenia, 349-389, Gregory tTheologian, Grt Teacher otChurch, defeated heretic majority with devine lit gift, his only treasure
Armenia, 349-389, Gregory tTheologian, Archbishop oConstantinople, Great Father & Teacher otChurch, fArianzos near Nazianzos, his father also named Gregory Jan 1, but Son G is G oN in Patristic theology, was bishop oN, his mother Nonna Aug 5 childless prayed for a Son & dedicated him after prayer answered, gave him Holy Scripture when learned to read, complete ed, warked with uncle Amphilochius Nov 23, teacher oRhetoric, then studied aNazianzos, Caesarea, Alexandria, he decided then go to Athens with terrible 20 day storm on the way, vowed dedication, saved when used Name of the Lord, 6yrs in Athens studying Rhetoric, poetry, geometry, astronomy, from renouned pagan rhetoricians, close friend Basil oCaesarea Jan 1 later Archbishop there also, with Apostate Julian, Emperor 361-63, G taught Rhetoric iAthens till 358 returned Nazianzus, baptized a33 by his father, now bishop oN, G ordained priest against his will, fled to Basil's monastery in Pontus several yrs to avoid becoming bishop oN, returned home when brother Caesarius Mar9 died, Arian heresy there, condemned by locals, his father had signed ambiguous faith interpretation, son G convinced father G Arianism pernicious nature, fake orthodox Anthimus became Met of Tyana, so Basil made Gregory Bishop oSasima between Caesarea & Tyana, but G remained in Nazianzos helping dying father, 378 G invited tC tFight heretics there, Basil consented, 379 pastored small church called Anastasis or Resurrection, Heretics in majority (Arians, Macedonians, Appolinarians), like fighting Philistines with a sling, but successful, 379 while baptizing, wounded by heretics, worthy truth preacher, lit gift, offered to God, only this my treasure, I give up everything else at command otSpirit, to obtain pearl great price, comforted by it, companion of my life, good councilor, converser, guide, fervent co-ascetic, To preach he carefully prepared and revised his works, Hi five sermons, Orations, first defines character of a theologian: experienced, successful at contemplation, pure oSoul&body, utterly selfless, ferver&reverence, God has concealed his essence from mankind & logic only, mind and reason have to become godlike and divine, the image must ascend to the Archetype, OT patriarchs&prophets NT Apostles demo essence of God is incomprehensible for mortal man, much more like this, need theosis; Nazianzos; St Gregory the Theologian the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated January 25; Gregory the Theologian, Archbishop of Constantinople, a great Father and teacher of the Church, was born into a Christian family of eminent lineage in the year 329, Arianzos (not far from the city of Cappadocian Nazianzos). father, also named Gregory (January 1), was Bishop of Nazianzus. The son is the Saint Gregory Nazianzus encountered in Patristic theology. pious mother, Saint Nonna (August 5), prayed to God for a son, vowing to dedicate him to the Lord. Her prayer was answered, and she named her child Gregory. the child learned to read, his mother presented him with the Holy Scripture. Gregory received a complete and extensive education: working at home with his uncle Saint Amphilochius (November 23), an experienced teacher of rhetoric, then studied in the schools of Nazianzos, Caesarea in Cappadocia, and Alexandria. the saint decided to go to Athens to complete his education. the way from Alexandria to Greece, a terrible storm raged for many days. Saint Gregory, who was just a catechumen at that time, feared that he would perish in the sea before being cleansed in the waters of Baptism. Gregory lay in the ship’s stern for twenty days, beseeching the merciful God for salvation. He vowed to dedicate himself to God, was saved when he invoked the name of the Lord. Gregory spent six years in Athens studying rhetoric, poetry, geometry, and astronomy. teachers were the renowned pagan rhetoricians Gymorias and Proeresias. Basil, the future Archbishop of Caesarea (January 1) also studied in Athens with Saint Gregory. were such close friends that they seemed to be one soul in two bodies. the future emperor (361-363) and apostate from the Christian Faith, was studying philosophy in Athens at the same time. completing his education, Saint Gregory remained for a certain while at Athens as a teacher of rhetoric. was also familiar with pagan philosophy and literature. 358 Saint Gregory quietly left Athens and returned to his parents at Nazianzus. thirty-three years of age, he received Baptism from his father, who had been appointed Bishop of Nazianzus. his will, Saint Gregory was ordained to the holy priesthood by his father. when the elder Gregory wished to make him a bishop, he fled to join his friend Basil in Pontus. Saint Basil had organized a monastery in Pontus and had written to Gregory inviting him to come. Gregory remained with Saint Basil for several years. his brother Saint Caesarius (March 9) died, he returned home to help his father administer his diocese. local church was also in turmoil because of the Arian heresy. Gregory had the difficult task of reconciling the bishop with his flock, who condemned their pastor for signing an ambiguous interpretation of the dogmas of the faith. Gregory convinced his father of the pernicious nature of Arianism, and strengthened him in Orthodoxy. this time, Bishop Anthimus, who pretended to be Orthodox but was really a heretic, became Metropolitan of Tyana. Basil had been consecrated as the Archbishop of Caesarea, Cappadocia. wished to separate from Saint Basil and to divide the province of Cappadocia. Basil the Great made Saint Gregory bishop of the city of Sasima, a small town between Caesarea and Tyana. Saint Gregory remained at Nazianzos in order to assist his dying father, he guided the flock of this city for a while after the death of his father in 374. the death of Patriarch Valentus of Constantinople in the year 378, a council of bishops invited Saint Gregory to help the Church of Constantinople, which at this time was ravaged by heretics. the consent of Saint Basil the Great, Saint Gregory came to Constantinople to combat heresy. the year 379 he began to serve and preach in a small church called “Anastasis” (“Resurrection”). David fighting the Philistines with a sling, Saint Gregory battled against impossible odds to defeat false doctrine. were in the majority in the capital: Arians, Macedonians, and Appolinarians. more he preached, the more did the number of heretics decrease, and the number of the Orthodox increased. the night of Pascha (April 21, 379) when Saint Gregory was baptizing catechumens, a mob of armed heretics burst into the church and cast stones at the Orthodox, killing one bishop and wounding Saint Gregory. the fortitude and mildness of the saint were his armor, and his words converted many to the Orthodox Church. Gregory’s literary works (orations, letters, poems) show him as a worthy preacher of the truth of Christ. had a literary gift, and the saint sought to offer his talent to God the Word: “I offer this gift to my God, I dedicate this gift to Him. Only this remains to me as my treasure. I gave up everything else at the command of the Spirit. I gave all that I had to obtain the pearl of great price. Only in words do I master it, as a servant of the Word. I would never intentionally wish to disdain this wealth. I esteem it, I set value by it, I am comforted by it more than others are comforted by all the treasures of the world. It is the companion of all my life, a good counselor and converser; a guide on the way to Heaven and a fervent co-ascetic.” order to preach the Word of God properly, the saint carefully prepared and revised his works. five sermons, or “Theological Orations,” Saint Gregory first of all defines the characteristics of a theologian, and who may theologize. those who are experienced can properly reason about God, those who are successful at contemplation and, most importantly, who are pure in soul and body, and utterly selfless. reason about God properly is possible only for one who enters into it with fervor and reverence. that God has concealed His Essence from mankind, Saint Gregory demonstrates that it is impossible for those in the flesh to view mental objects without a mixture of the corporeal. about God in a positive sense is possible only when we become free from the external impressions of things and from their effects, when our guide, the mind, does not adhere to impure transitory images. the Eunomians, who would presume to grasp God’s Essence through logical speculation, the saint declared that man perceives God when the mind and reason become godlike and divine, i.e. when the image ascends to its Archetype. (Or. 28:17). the example of the Old Testament patriarchs and prophets and also the Apostles has demonstrated, that the Essence of God is incomprehensible for mortal man. Gregory cited the futile sophistry of Eunomios: “God begat the Son either through His will, or contrary to will. If He begat contrary to will, then He underwent constraint. If by His will, then the Son is the Son of His intent.” such reasoning, Saint Gregory points out the harm it does to man: “You yourself, who speak so thoughtlessly, were you begotten voluntarily or involuntarily by your father? involuntarily, then your father was under the sway of some tyrant. Who? You can hardly say it was nature, for nature is tolerant of chastity. it was voluntarily, then by a few syllables you deprive yourself of your father, for thus you are shown to be the son of Will, and not of your father” (Or. 29:6). Gregory then turns to Holy Scripture, with particular attention examining a place where it points out the Divine Nature of the Son of God. Gregory’s interpretations of Holy Scripture are devoted to revealing that the divine power of the Savior was actualized even when He assumed an impaired human nature for the salvation of mankind. first of Saint Gregory’s Five Theological Orations is devoted to arguments against the Eunomians for their blasphemy of the Holy Spirit. examining everything that is said in the Gospel about the Third Person of the Most Holy Trinity, the saint refutes the heresy of Eunomios, which rejected the divinity of the Holy Spirit. comes to two fundamental conclusions. in reading Holy Scripture, it is necessary to reject blind literalism and to try and understand its spiritual sense. in the Old Testament the Holy Spirit operated in a hidden way. “Now the Spirit Himself dwells among us and makes the manifestation of Himself more certain. was not safe, as long as they did not acknowledge the divinity of the Father, to proclaim openly that of the Son; as long as the divinity of the Son was not accepted, they could not, to express it somewhat boldly, impose on us the burden of the Holy Spirit” (Or. 31:26). divinity of the Holy Spirit is a sublime subject. “Look at these facts: Christ is born, the Holy Spirit is His Forerunner. is baptized, the Spirit bears witness to this... works miracles, the Spirit accompanies them. ascends, the Spirit takes His place. great things are there in the idea of God which are not in His power? titles appertaining to God do not apply also to Him, except for Unbegotten and Begotten? tremble when I think of such an abundance of titles, and how many Names they blaspheme, those who revolt against the Spirit!” (Or. 31:29). Orations of Saint Gregory are not limited only to this topic. He also wrote (public praise) on Saints, Orations, invectives against Julian the Apostate, “two pillars, on which the impiety of Julian is indelibly written for posterity,” various orations on other topics. all, forty-five of Saint Gregory’s orations have been preserved. letters of the saint compare favorably with his best theological works. All of them are clear, yet concise. his poems as in all things, Saint Gregory focused on Christ. “If the lengthy tracts of the heretics are new Psalters at variance with David, and the pretty verses they honor are like a third testament, we also shall sing Psalms, and begin to write much and compose poetic meters,” said the saint. his poetic gift the saint wrote: “I am an organ of the Lord, and sweetly... do I glorify the King, all a-tremble before Him.” fame of the Orthodox preacher spread through East and West. the saint lived in the capital as though he still lived in the wilderness: “his food was food of the wilderness; clothing was whatever necessary. made visitations without pretense, though in proximity of the court, he sought nothing from the court.” saint received a shock when he was ill. whom he considered as his friend, the philosopher Maximus, was consecrated at Constantinople in Saint Gregory’s place. by the ingratitude of Maximus, the saint decided to resign the cathedral, his faithful flock restrained him from it. people threw the usurper out of the city. November 24, 380 the holy emperor Theodosius arrived in the capital and, in enforcing his decree against the heretics, the main church was returned to the Orthodox, Saint Gregory making a solemn entrance. attempt on the life of Saint Gregory was planned, instead the assassin appeared before the saint with tears of repentance. the Second Ecumenical Council in 381, Saint Gregory was chosen as Patriarch of Constantinople. the death of Patriarch Meletius of Antioch, Saint Gregory presided at the Council. Hoping to reconcile the West with the East, he offered to recognize Paulinus as Patriarch of Antioch. who had acted against Saint Gregory on behalf of Maximus, Egyptian and Macedonian bishops, late for the Council. did not want to acknowledge the saint as Patriarch of Constantinople, since he was elected in their absence. Gregory decided to resign his office for the sake of peace in the Church: “Let me be as the Prophet Jonah! was responsible for the storm, I would sacrifice myself for the salvation of the ship. me and throw me... was not happy when I ascended the throne, and gladly would I descend it.” telling the emperor of his desire to quit the capital, Saint Gregory appeared again at the Council to deliver a farewell address (Or. 42) to be allowed to depart in peace. his return to his native region, Saint Gregory turned his attention to the incursion of Appolinarian heretics into the flock of Nazianzus, he established the pious Eulalius there as bishop, he himself withdrew into the solitude of Arianzos so dear to his heart. saint, zealous for the truth of Christ, continued to affirm Orthodoxy through his letters and poems, while remaining in the wilderness. died on January 25, 389, and is honored with the title “Theologian,” given to the holy Apostle and Evangelist John. his works Saint Gregory, like that other Theologian Saint John, directs everything toward the Pre-eternal Word. John of Damascus (December 4), in the first part of his book An Exact Exposition of the Orthodox Faith, followed the lead of Saint Gregory the Theologian. Gregory was buried at Nazianzos. In the year 950, his holy relics were transferred to Constantinople into the church of the Holy Apostles. on, a portion of his relics was transferred to Rome. appearance, the saint was of medium height and somewhat pale. He had thick eyebrows, and a short beard. contemporaries already called the archpastor a saint. Orthodox Church, honors Saint Gregory as a second Theologian and insightful writer on the Holy Trinity. GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (9 MAY 389) ;

Armenia, 349-390, GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS, Cappadocia, Gregory the Theologian
Byzantine Saint, 349-390, Gregory of Nazianzus; of Nazianzus (c. 329[4] - 25 January 390,[4][5]), also known as Gregory the Theologian or Gregory Nazianzen, was a 4th-century Archbishop of Constantinople and theologian. He is widely considered the most accomplished rhetorical stylist of the patristic age.[6] As a classically trained orator and philosopher, he infused Hellenism into the early church, establishing the paradigm of Byzantine theologians and church officials.[6] made a significant impact on the shape of Trinitarian theology among both Greek and Latin-speaking theologians, and he is remembered as the "Trinitarian Theologian". Much of his theological work continues to influence modern theologians, especially in regard to the relationship among the three Persons of the Trinity. Along with the brothers Basil the Great and Gregory of Nyssa, he is known as one of the Cappadocian Fathers. of Nazianzus is a saint in both Eastern and Western Christianity. In the Catholic Church he is numbered among the Doctors of the Church; in the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches he is revered as one of the Three Holy Hierarchs, along with Basil the Great and John Chrysostom. He is considered one of the Great Fathers in both Eastern and Western Christianity. He was considered the patron saint of Kotromanić dynasty and medieval Bosnia during the first half of the 15th century, while Saint George, the miracle-worker, has been the patron saint since at least mid-13th century, although confirmed by the papacy much later in 1461. St. Gregory the Great was also considered the patron of both, the state and dynasty in the late 15th century.[7][8] is also one of only three men in the life of the Orthodox Church who have been officially designated "Theologian" by epithet,[9] the other two being John the Theologian (the Evangelist), and Symeon the New Theologian. GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (9 MAY 389); is a traditional list of eight great Doctors (Teachers, Theologians) of the ancient Church. lists four Western (Latin) Doctors -- Ambrose of Milan, Augustine of Hippo, Jerome of Strido, and Gregory the Great (Pope Gregory I) -- and four Eastern (Greek) Doctors -- Athanasius of Alexandria, John Chrysostom of Antioch and Constantinople, Basil the Great, and Gregory of Nazianzus (also called Gregory Nazianzen). this list is constantly referred to, but I have no idea when or where or by whom it was drawn up. of Nazianzus, his friend Basil the Great, and Basil's brother Gregory of Nyssa, are jointly known as the Cappadocian Fathers (Cappadocia is a region in what is now Central Turkey). lived in a turbulent time. In 312, Constantine, having won a battle that made him Emperor of the West, issued a decree that made it no longer a crime to be a Christian. In 325 he summoned a council of Bishops at Nicea, across the straits from Byzantium (Constantinople, Istanbul), to settle the dispute between those (led by Athanasius) who taught that the Logos (the "Word" of John 1:1, who "was made flesh and dwelt among us in the person of Jesus of Nazareth) was completely God, in the same sense in which the Father is God, and those (led by Arius) who taught that the Logos is a being created by God the Father. The bishops assembled at Nicea declared that the view of Athanasius was that which they had received from their predecessors as the true Faith handed down from the Apostles. (The Athanasian view is held today by Roman Catholics, East Orthodox, Anglicans, Lutherans, Presbyterian and Reformed, Methodists, Baptists, Congregationalists, and most other Protestant groups. The Arian view is held by the Watchtower Society, also called J------'s Witnesses, and by a few other groups, including some conservative Unitarians.) Arians did not accept defeat quietly. They created a sufficient disturbance so that Constantine, at first inclined to support the decision of the Council, decided that peace could best be obtained by adopting a Creed which simply evaded the issue. After his death in 336, he was succeeded by various of his relatives, some of whom sided with the Athanasians and some with the Arians, and one of whom (Julian the Apostate, Emperor 361-363) attempted to restore paganism as the religion of the Empire. The situation was complicated by the fact that missionaries to the Goths were first sent out in large numbers during the reign of an Arian Emperor, with the result that the Goths were converted to Arian Christianity. Since the professional Army was composed chiefly of Goth mercenaries, and the Army held the balance of power, this was a real problem. of Nazianzus was born about 330. He went to school in Athens with his friend Basil, and with the aforesaid Julian. He and Basil compiled an anthology, called the Philokalia, of the works of the great (but somewhat erratic) Alexandrian theologian, philosopher, and scholar of the previous century, Origen. Later, he went home to assist his father, a bishop, in his struggles against Arianism. Meanwhile, his friend Basil had become Archbishop of (Cappadocian) Caesarea. Faced with a rival Arian bishop at Tyana, he undertook to consolidate his position by maneuvering Gregory into the position of Bishop of Sasima, an unhealthy settlement on the border between the two jurisdictions. Gregory called Sasima "a detestable little place without water or grass or any mark of civilization." He felt "like a bone flung to dogs." He refused to reside at Sasima. Basil accused him of shirking his duty. He accused Basil of making him a pawn in ecclesiastical politics. Their friendship suffered a severe breach, which took some time to heal. Gregory suffered a breakdown and retired to recuperate. 379, after the death of the Arian Emperor Valens, Gregory was asked to go to Constantinople to preach there. For thirty years, the city had been controlled by Arians or pagans, and the orthodox did not even have a church there. Gregory went. He converted his own house there into a church and held services in it. There he preached the Five Theological Orations for which he is best known, a series of five sermons on the Trinity and in defense of the deity of Christ. People flocked to hear him preach, and the city was largely won over to the Athanasian (Trinitarian, catholic, orthodox) position by his powers of persuasion. The following year, he was consecrated bishop of Constantinople. He presided at the Council of Constantinople in 381, which confirmed the Athanasian position of the earlier Council of Nicea in 325. Having accomplished what he believed to be his mission at Constantinople, and heartily sick of ecclesiastical politics, Gregory resigned and retired to his home town of Nazianzus, where he died in 389. Five Theological Orations are available in several series of works of the Ancient Fathers. The best-known recent biography of him is Gregory of Nazianzus, Rhetor and Philosopher (Oxford U Press, 1969), by Rosemary Radford Reuther. I was in her Sunday School class back when she was writing it, until I was kicked out for asking too many awkward questions. She writes well, nonetheless. by James Kiefer

Armenia, 349-379, BASIL THE GREAT, Caesurea Armenia, Cappadocian Capital, Basilian Monks & litergy, defended Nicean Creed
Armenia, 349-379, Caesurea (Kayseri), Armenia, Cappadocian Capital (Great Road, Kizilirmak River 4), studied law at Athens w Julian Apostate & Gregory of Nazi, founded monastery, Basilian Monks, fed Jews and Christians, hospice, defended Nicean Creed, famous writings, litergy of B ; Caesurea, Cappadocia; BASIL THE GREAT, BISHOP, THEOLOGIAN (14 JUNE 379); died on 1 January 379. He is accordingly commemorated on that day in the East. The traditional Western date is 14 June, the anniversary of his consecration. The Roman usage has adopted 2 January.) icon of St. Basil was born in Caesarea of Cappadocia, a province in what is now central Turkey (more or less directly north of the easternmost part of the Mediterranean, but with no seacoast). was born in 329, after the persecution of Christians had ceased, but with parents who could remember the persecutions and had lived through them. originally planned to become a lawyer and orator, and studied at Athens (351-356), two of his classmates were Gregory of Nazianzus (who became a close friend) and the future Emperor Julian the Apostate. he returned home, the influence and example of his sister Macrina led him to seek the monastic life instead, after making a tour of the monasteries of Egypt in 357, he founded a monastic settlement near his home. remained there only five years, but the influence of his community was enormous. in the West there are numerous monastic orders (Benedictines, Carthusians, etc.), in the East all monks are Basilian monks. His Longer Rules and Shorter Rules for the monastic life remain the standard. expresses a definite preference for the communal life of the monastery over the solitary life of the hermit, arguing that the Christian life of mutual love and service is communal by its nature. 367-8, when Cappadocia suffered a severe and widespread famine, Basil sold his family's very extensive land holdings in order to buy food for the starving, persuading many others to follow his example, and putting on an apron to work in the soup kitchen himself. this crisis, he absolutely refused to allow any distinction to be made between Jew and Christian, saying that the digestive systems of the two are indistinguishable. also built a hospital for the care of the sick, housing for the poor, and a hospice for travelers. were the years between the First Ecumenical Council (Nicea, 325) and the Second (Constantinople, 381), in which it was uncertain whether the Church would stand by the declaration made at Nicea that the Logos (the "Word" -- see John 1:1) was fully God, equally with the Father, or seek a more flexible formula in the hope of reconciliation with the Arians, who declared themselves unalterably opposed to the Nicene wording. had been ordained priest in 362 in order to assist the new Bishop of Caesarea, whom he succeeded in 370. (Since Caesarea was the capital, or metropolis, of the province of Cappadocia, its bishop was automatically the metropolitan of Cappadocia, which included about fifty dioceses (bishoprics). metropolitan was roughly what we would call an archbishop, although in ancient terminology an "archbishop" was one step above a metropolitan.) By that time, an Arian emperor, Valens, was ruling. made it his policy to try to unite the so-called semi-Arians with the Nicene party against the outright Arians, making use of the formula "three persons (hypostases) in one substance (ousia)," thus explicitly acknowledging a distinction between the Father and the Son (a distinction that the Nicene party had been accused of blurring), and at the same time insisting on their essential unity. the emperor Valens passed through Caesarea in 371, he demanded the theological submission of Basil, who flatly refused. imperial prefect expressed astonishment at Basil's defiance, to which Basil replied, "Perhaps you have never met a real bishop before." retaliated by dividing the province of Cappadocia into two provinces, with the result that the Arian Bishop of Tyana became metropolitan of the new province of Western Cappadocia. responded by going political. He ramrodded his brother Gregory of Nyssa and his friend Gregory of Nazianzus into bishoprics that they did not want, and for which they were totally unsuited, so that he would have the votes of those bishoprics when he needed them. Gregory ever quite forgave him for this.) interests were not exclusively theological: he denounced and excommunicated those who owned houses of prostitution, he worked to secure justice for the poor against those who oppressed them, and he severely disciplined clergy who used their office to accumulate money or to live too well at the expense of the faithful. most famous writings include the Hexaemeron ("The Six Days"), a series of nine sermons on the days of creation, in which he speaks of the beauties of the created world as revelations of the splendor of God. Against Eunomius defends the deity of Christ against an Arian writer, his On the Holy Spirit speaks of the deity of the Third Person of the Trinity, and the rightness of worshipping Him together with the Father and the Son. his Address to Young Men (originally written for his nephews), he urges Christians to make themselves acquainted with pagan philosophy and literature, arguing that this will often lead to a deeper understanding of Christian truth. personality comes through most clearly in his letters, of which more than three hundred have been preserved. Some deal with points of theology or ethics, some with canon law, and many simply with everyday affairs. times a year the Eastern churches use the Liturgy of St Basil rather than the more usual Liturgy of St John Chrysostom. It differs chiefly in having a more elaborate Anaphora (the prayer of consecration offered over the bread and wine), expressing some of his characteristic turns of thought, probably dating back to his time and used by him, and possibly composed by him personally. died in 379, shortly after the death in battle of the Arian Valens removed the chief threat to the Nicene faith to which Basil had devoted his life. was mourned by the entire city, and the weeping crowds at his funeral included Christians, Jews, and pagans. is counted (with the two Gregories) as one of the three Cappadocian Fathers, and (with Gregory of Nazianzus and John Chrysostom) as one of the Three Holy Hierarchs. the West, he is reckoned (with Gregory of Nazianzus, John Chrysostom, and Athanasius) as one of the Four Greek (Eastern) Doctors of the Undivided Church. (The Four Latin (Western) Doctors are Ambrose, Jerome, Augustine, and Gregory the Great.) by James Kiefer Many of his writings are available online from CCEL.

Armenia, 350-379, Basil tGreat, Archbishop oCaesarea, Cappadocia, Armenia, but belongs to tChurch&Time worldwide, best teacher
Armenia, 350-379, Basil tGreat, Archbishop oCaesarea, Cappadocia, Armenia, but belongs to tWhole Church&Time all lands&Cities worldwide, tMost salvific teacher, illustrious lineage, eminence&wealth&Zealous christians, Grandfather Grandmother father's side hid iForests oPontus 7yrs under Diocletian, his Mom St Emilia daughter oMartyr, his father aLawyer &famous rhetorician fCassarea, they had 10 children incl 5 saints, Macrina, Gregory oNyssa, Peter oSebaste, deaconess Theosebia &Himself, Basil lived oEstate River Isis iPontus near Neocasarea Crossroads tKelkit River, rasied under his Mother&Grandmother Macrina tElder's supervision, they remembered Gregory tWonderworker oCappadocia, initial ed under hFather, then finest teachers Caesarea, where he met Gregory tTheologian (oNazianzus), later ed aConstantinople, eminent orators philosophers, then ed aAthens, center oClassical enlightenment f4o5yrs, master oAll disciplines, Philosopher, philologist (language history), orator, jurist, naturalist, astronomer, math, medicine, close friendship wGregory, 1 soul 2 bodies, hopes guided us, 2Paths, 1 temples&teachers 2 disciplines beyond, 357 back tCaesarea&Rhetoric, but soon ascetic life, after Dad's death Mom&Sis Macrina& servants tfamily estate iPontus fAscetic life, Basil baptized&Reader iCaesarea, read&explained, later tEgypt Syria&Palestine tMeet Great Ascetics, copied them iC, gave wealth, settled near Mom&Macrina, other side river, gathered monks, cenobitic (group) life, letters tGregory, joined him, strict abstinence, no roof or fireplace, humble food, calloused hands hard work, tunic mantle hair shirt aNight, intense study scripture, guided bFathers otPast, like good writings oOrigen, Philokalia anthology bThem, monks requested Rules fVirtuous Life, preaching&example fCappadocia&Pontus, Men&Women monasteries combining cenobitic&Solitary lifestyle, tCaesarea, 362 deacon, 364 priest, B honored by everyone, caused weak bishop Eusebius jealousy, monks defended B, B withdrew his Pontus monastery, new emperor Valens 364-378 anArian, trouble fOrthodoxy, Eusebius called him back, advisor, representative, Word oGod expounder, staff ftAged, support iIntermal matters, Church governance passed tSubordinate Basil, Preached daily oTwiceDaily, composed Liturgy, wrote On 6 Days oCreation (Hexaemeron), Prophet Isaiah i16 Chapters, work oPsalms, 2nd Monastic Rules, also 3 books Against Eunomius, aristotelian reason logical scheme rational concepts Arian teacher, B caring fDestitute, taking in Strangers, virgin supervision, written unwritted monastic rules, arrangement oPrayers (Liturgy), a oAltars+, 370 Bishop after Eusebius, newest o50 bishops i50 provinces, Athanasius tGreat welcomed him, Valen's Arians held various opinions about divinity Son oGod, Holy Spirit questions, Basil taught HS equal wFather&Son, for full explanation wrote On The Holy Spirit, circumstances, Cappadocia divided 2Provincial districts, then Antioch schism, negative haughty attitude oWestern bishops when attempts draw them in to Arian struggle, plus departure oBasil's close friendEustathius tArian side, B's letters tChurches encouraged Orthodox, summoned bravery, challanged Arian hostility&Intrigues, a Bee stinging enemies while nourishing tFlock wTeaching honey, suddenly Valens appeared in C tSend B into exile, Sent perfect Modestus, threated property confiscation, banishment, beatings, death, but if you take my possessions, not enrich you and not make me pauper, same for clothing books, Exile means nothing, my place is not mine, where you send me will be mine, better to say every place is God's, where I would not be stranger or sojourner, who can torture me, first blow insensible, death would be kindness, sooner tGod tWhom I hasten, Official stunned, no one spoken so audaciously tMe, Perhaps that is because you never spoke bishop before, we are meek most humble oAll, but when people rise against God we look to him alone and fire sword wild beasts iron rods serve to fill us with joy rather than fear, Emperor we stand defeated by Church leader, so Valens did not give in tArians demanding exile, Valens entered a full Church on Theophany, mixing wCrowd showing unity, but Psalms singing like thunder to his hearing, while Basil in front acknowledged nothing but focus on God & Altar, Clergy serving there in awe&reverence ; Byzantine Saint, 350-379, Basil of Caesarea, Basil the Great; of Caesarea, also called Saint Basil the Great (330[8] – 1 or 2 January 379), a bishop of Caesarea Mazaca in Cappadocia, Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey). was an influential theologian who supported the Nicene Creed and opposed the heresies of the early Christian church, fighting against both Arianism and the followers of Apollinaris of Laodicea. ability to balance his theological convictions with his political connections made Basil a powerful advocate for the Nicene position. addition to his work as a theologian, Basil was known for his care of the poor and underprivileged. established guidelines for monastic life which focus on community life, liturgical prayer, and manual labor. with Pachomius, he is remembered as a father of communal monasticism in Eastern Christianity. He is considered a saint by the traditions of both Eastern and Western Christianity. together with his brother Gregory of Nyssa and his friend Gregory of Nazianzus, are collectively referred to as the Cappadocian Fathers. The Eastern Orthodox Church and Eastern Catholic Churches have given him, together with Gregory of Nazianzus and John Chrysostom, the title of Great Hierarch. He is recognized as a Doctor of the Church in the Roman Catholic Church. He is sometimes referred to by the epithet Ouranophantor (Greek: Οὐρανοφάντωρ), "revealer of heavenly mysteries".[9] Icon of the Three Holy Hierarchs: Basil the Great (left), John Chrysostom (center) and Gregory the Theologian (right)—from Lipie, Historic Museum in Sanok, Poland. 362, Bishop Meletius of Antioch ordained Basil as a deacon. Eusebius then summoned Basil to Caesarea and ordained him as presbyter of the Church there in 365. Ecclesiastical entreaties rather than Basil's desires thus altered his career path.[24] and Gregory Nazianzus spent the next few years combating the Arian heresy, which threatened to divide Cappadocia's Christians. In close fraternal cooperation, they agreed to a great rhetorical contest with accomplished Arian theologians and rhetors.[34] In the subsequent public debates, presided over by agents of Valens, Gregory and Basil emerged triumphant. This success confirmed for both Gregory and Basil that their futures lay in administration of the Church.[34] Basil next took on functional administration of the city of Caesarea.[30] Eusebius is reported as becoming jealous of the reputation and influence which Basil quickly developed, and allowed Basil to return to his earlier solitude. Later, however, Gregory persuaded Basil to return. Basil did so, and became the administrator for the Diocese of Caesarea.[35] 370, Eusebius died, and Basil was chosen to succeed him, and was consecrated bishop on 14 June 370.[36] His new post as bishop of Caesarea also gave him the powers of exarch of Pontus and metropolitan of five suffragan bishops, many of whom had opposed him in the election for Eusebius's successor. It was then that his great powers were called into action. Hot-blooded and somewhat imperious, Basil was also generous and sympathetic. He personally organized a soup kitchen and distributed food to the poor during a famine following a drought.[27] letters show that he actively worked to reform thieves and prostitutes. They also show him encouraging his clergy not to be tempted by wealth or the comparatively easy life of a priest, and that he personally took care in selecting worthy candidates for holy orders. He also had the courage to criticize public officials who failed in their duty of administering justice. At the same time, he preached every morning and evening in his own church to large congregations. In addition to all the above, he built a large complex just outside Caesarea, called the Basiliad,[37] which included a poorhouse, hospice, and hospital, and was compared by Gregory of Nazianzus to the wonders of the world.[38] zeal for orthodoxy did not blind him to what was good in an opponent; and for the sake of peace and charity he was content to waive the use of orthodox terminology when it could be surrendered without a sacrifice of truth. The Emperor Valens, who was an adherent of the Arian philosophy, sent his prefect Modestus to at least agree to a compromise with the Arian faction. Basil's adamant negative response prompted Modestus to say that no one had ever spoken to him in that way before. Basil replied, "Perhaps you have never yet had to deal with a bishop." Modestus reported back to Valens that he believed nothing short of violence would avail against Basil. Valens was apparently unwilling to engage in violence. He did however issue orders banishing Basil repeatedly, none of which succeeded. Valens came himself to attend when Basil celebrated the Divine Liturgy on the Feast of the Theophany (Epiphany), and at that time was so impressed by Basil that he donated to him some land for the building of the Basiliad. This interaction helped to define the limits of governmental power over the church.[39] then had to face the growing spread of Arianism. This belief system, which denied that Christ was consubstantial with the Father, was quickly gaining adherents and was seen by many, particularly those in Alexandria most familiar with it, as posing a threat to the unity of the church.[40] Basil entered into connections with the West, and with the help of Athanasius, he tried to overcome its distrustful attitude toward the Homoiousians. The difficulties had been enhanced by bringing in the question as to the essence of the Holy Spirit. Although Basil advocated objectively the consubstantiality of the Holy Spirit with the Father and the Son, he belonged to those, who, faithful to Eastern tradition, would not allow the predicate homoousios to the former; for this he was reproached as early as 371 by the Orthodox zealots among the monks, and Athanasius defended him. corresponded with Pope Damasus in the hope of having his aid and encouragement against triumphant Arianism; the pope, however, cherished some degree of suspicion against the Cappadocian Doctor.[41 Saint Basil the Great, Archbishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia, Commemorated on January 1; Basil the Great, Archbishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia, “belongs not to the Church of Caesarea alone, merely to his own time, was he of benefit only to his own kinsmen, rather to all lands and cities worldwide, to all people he brought and still brings benefit, for Christians he always was and will be a most salvific teacher.” spoke Saint Basil’s contemporary, Saint Amphilochius, Bishop of Iconium (November 23). Basil was born in the year 330 at Caesarea, the administrative center of Cappadocia. was of illustrious lineage, for its eminence and wealth, zealous for the Christian Faith. saint’s grandfather and grandmother on his father’s side had to hide in the forests of Pontus for seven years during the persecution under Diocletian. Basil’s mother Saint Emilia was the daughter of a martyr. On the Greek calendar, she is commemorated on May 30. Basil’s father was also named Basil. He was a lawyer and renowned rhetorician, and lived at Caesarea. children were born to the elder Basil and Emilia: five sons and five daughters. of them were later numbered among the saints: the Great; Macrina (July 19) was an exemplar of ascetic life, and exerted strong influence on the life and character of Saint Basil the Great; Gregory, afterwards Bishop of Nyssa (January 10); Peter, Bishop of Sebaste (January 9); and Theosebia, a deaconess (January 10). Basil spent the first years of his life on an estate belonging to his parents at the River Iris, he was raised under the supervision of his mother Emilia and grandmother Macrina. were women of great refinement, remembered an earlier bishop of Cappadocia, Saint Gregory the Wonderworker (November 17). received his initial education under the supervision of his father, then he studied under the finest teachers in Caesarea of Cappadocia, it was here that he made the acquaintance of Saint Gregory the Theologian (January 25 and January 30). Basil transferred to a school at Constantinople, he listened to eminent orators and philosophers. complete his education Saint Basil went to Athens, the center of classical enlightenment. a four or five year stay at Athens, Basil had mastered all the available disciplines. “He studied everything thoroughly, more than others are wont to study a single subject. studied each science in its very totality, as though he would study nothing else.” philologist, orator, jurist, naturalist, possessing profound knowledge in astronomy, mathematics and medicine, “he was a ship fully laden with learning, to the extent permitted by human nature.” Athens a close friendship developed between Basil the Great and Gregory the Theologian (Nazianzus), which continued throughout their life. fact, they regarded themselves as one soul in two bodies. Later on, in his eulogy for Basil the Great, Saint Gregory the Theologian speaks with delight about this period: “Various hopes guided us, and indeed inevitably, in learning... Two paths opened up before us: the one to our sacred temples and the teachers therein; the other towards preceptors of disciplines beyond.” the year 357, Saint Basil returned to Caesarea, where for a while he devoted himself to rhetoric. soon, refusing offers from Caesarea’s citizens who wanted to entrust him with the education of their offspring, Saint Basil entered upon the path of ascetic life. the death of her husband, Basil’s mother, her eldest daughter Macrina, and several female servants withdrew to the family estate at Iris and there began to lead an ascetic life. was baptized by Dianios, the Bishop of Caesarea, was tonsured a Reader (On the Holy Spirit, 29). first read the Holy Scriptures to the people, then explained them. on, “wishing to acquire a guide to the knowledge of truth”, the saint undertook a journey into Egypt, Syria and Palestine, to meet the great Christian ascetics dwelling there. returning to Cappadocia, he decided to do as they did. distributed his wealth to the needy, then settled on the opposite side of the river not far from his mother Emilia and sister Macrina, around him monks living a cenobitic life. his letters, Basil drew his good friend Gregory the Theologian to the monastery. Basil and Gregory labored in strict abstinence in their dwelling place, which had no roof or fireplace, and the food was very humble. themselves cleared away the stones, planted and watered the trees, and carried heavy loads. hands were constantly calloused from the hard work. clothing Basil had only a tunic and monastic mantle. wore a hairshirt, but only at night, so that it would not be obvious. their solitude, Saints Basil and Gregory occupied themselves in an intense study of Holy Scripture. were guided by the writings of the Fathers and commentators of the past, the good writings of Origen. all these works they compiled an anthology called Philokalia. at this time, at the request of the monks, Saint Basil wrote down a collection of rules for virtuous life. his preaching and by his example Saint Basil assisted in the spiritual perfection of Christians in Cappadocia and Pontus; and many indeed turned to him. were organized for men and for women, which places Basil sought to combine the cenobitic (koine bios, or common) lifestyle with that of the solitary hermit. the reign of Constantius (337-361) the heretical teachings of Arius were spreading, and the Church summoned both its saints into service. Basil returned to Caesarea. the year 362 he was ordained deacon by Bishop Meletius of Antioch. 364 he was ordained to the holy priesthood by Bishop Eusebius of Caesarea. “But seeing,” as Gregory the Theologian relates, “that everyone exceedingly praised and honored Basil for his wisdom and reverence, through human weakness, succumbed to jealousy of him, and began to show dislike for him. ” The monks rose up in defense of Saint Basil. avoid causing Church discord, Basil withdrew to his own monastery and concerned himself with the organization of monasteries. the coming to power of the emperor Valens (364-378), who was a resolute adherent of Arianism, a time of troubles began for Orthodoxy, onset of a great struggle. Saint Basil hastily returned to Caesarea at the request of Bishop Eusebius. the words of Gregory the Theologian, he was for Bishop Eusebius “a good advisor, a righteous representative, an expounder of the Word of God, a staff for the aged, a faithful support in internal matters, and an activist in external matters.” this time church governance passed over to Basil, though he was subordinate to the hierarch. preached daily, and often twice, in the morning and in the evening. this time Saint Basil composed his Liturgy. wrote a work “On the Six Days of Creation” (Hexaemeron) another on the Prophet Isaiah in sixteen chapters, another on the Psalms, also a second compilation of monastic rules. Basil wrote also three books “Against Eunomius,” an Arian teacher who, with the help of Aristotelian concepts, had presented the Arian dogma in philosophic form, converting Christian teaching into a logical scheme of rational concepts. Gregory the Theologian, speaking about the activity of Basil the Great during this period, points to “the caring for the destitute and the taking in of strangers, the supervision of virgins, written and unwritten monastic rules for monks, the arrangement of prayers [Liturgy], the felicitous arrangement of altars and other things.” the death of Eusebius, the Bishop of Caesarea, Saint Basil was chosen to succeed him in the year 370. Bishop of Caesarea, Saint Basil the Great was the newest of fifty bishops in eleven provinces. Athanasius the Great (May 2), with joy and with thanks to God welcomed the appointment to Cappadocia of such a bishop as Basil, famed for his reverence, deep knowledge of Holy Scripture, great learning, and his efforts for the welfare of Church peace and unity. Valens, the external government belonged to the Arians, held various opinions regarding the divinity of the Son of God, and were divided into several factions. dogmatic disputes were concerned with questions about the Holy Spirit. his books Against Eunomios, Saint Basil the Great taught the divinity of the Holy Spirit and His equality with the Father and the Son. in order to provide a full explanation of Orthodox teaching on this question, Basil wrote his book “On the Holy Spirit” at the request of Saint Amphilochius, the Bishop of Iconium. Basil’s difficulties were made worse by various circumstances: was divided in two under the rearrangement of provincial districts. at Antioch a schism occurred, occasioned by the consecration of a second bishop. was the negative and haughty attitude of Western bishops to the attempts to draw them into the struggle with the Arians. there was also the departure of Eustathius of Sebaste over to the Arian side. had been connected to him by ties of close friendship. the constant perils Saint Basil gave encouragement to the Orthodox, confirmed them in the Faith, summoning them to bravery and endurance. holy bishop wrote numerous letters to the churches, to bishops, to clergy and to individuals. the heretics “by the weapon of his mouth, and by the arrows of his letters,” an untiring champion of Orthodoxy, Saint Basil challenged the hostility and intrigues of the Arian heretics all his life. has been compared to a bee, stinging the Church’s enemies, yet nourishing his flock with the sweet honey of his teaching. emperor Valens, mercilessly sending into exile any bishop who displeased him, and having implanted Arianism into other Asia Minor provinces, appeared in Cappadocia for this same purpose. sent the prefect Modestus to Saint Basil. began to threaten the saint with the confiscation of his property, banishment, beatings, and even death. Basil said, “If you take away my possessions, you will not enrich yourself, nor will you make me a pauper. have no need of my old worn-out clothing, nor of my few books, of which the entirety of my wealth is comprised. means nothing to me, since I am bound to no particular place. place in which I now dwell is not mine, and any place you send me shall be mine. to say: every place is God’s. Where would I be neither a stranger and sojourner (Ps. 38/39:13)? can torture me? am so weak, that the very first blow would render me insensible. would be a kindness to me, for it will bring me all the sooner to God, for Whom I live and labor, and to Whom I hasten.” official was stunned by his answer. “No one has ever spoken so audaciously to me,” he said. “Perhaps,” the saint remarked, “ that is because you’ve never spoken to a bishop before. all else we are meek, the most humble of all. when it concerns God, and people rise up against Him, then we, counting everything else as naught, look to Him alone. fire, sword, wild beasts and iron rods that rend the body, serve to fill us with joy, rather than fear.” to Valens that Saint Basil was not to be intimidated, said, “Emperor, we stand defeated by a leader of the Church.” the Great again showed firmness before the emperor and his retinue made such a strong impression on Valens that the emperor dared not give in to the Arians demanding Basil’s exile. “On the day of Theophany, amidst an innumerable multitude of the people, Valens entered the church and mixed in with the throng, in order to give the appearance of being in unity with the Church. the singing of Psalms began in the church, it was like thunder to his hearing. emperor beheld a sea of people, and in the altar and all around was splendor; front of all was Basil, who acknowledged neither by gesture nor by glance, that anything else was going on in church.” Everything was focused only on God and the altar-table, and the clergy serving there in awe and reverence.

Armenia, 350-379, Basil of Caesarea, Armenia, Basil the Great, of the 5
Byzantine Saint, 350-379, Basil of Caesarea, Basil the Great; Martyr Patermuthius of Egypt, Commemorated on July 9 ; Venerable Patermuthius the Ascetic of Egypt, Commemorated on July 9; Martyr Emilian of Silistria in Bulgaria, Commemorated on July 18; MACRINA THE YOUNGER, MONASTIC AND TEACHER (19 JUL 379) ; Venerable Macrina the Sister of St Basil the Great, Commemorated on July 19 ; Martyr John the Soldier at Constantinople, Commemorated on July 30; Martyr Eusignius of Antioch, Commemorated on August 5; Venerable Horus of the Thebaid, Egypt, Commemorated on August 7; Martyr Juventinus the Soldier at Antioch, Commemorated on September 5 ; JOHN CHRYSOSTOM, BISHOP OF ANTIOCH AND OF CONSTANTINOPLE, PREACHER, THEOLOGIAN, LITURGIST (13 Sept. 407) ; St Ambrose the Bishop of Milan, Commemorated on December 7; Martyr Gemellus of Paphlagonia, Commemorated on December 10; St Niphon the Bishop of Cyprus, Commemorated on December 23; St Meletius the Archbishop of Antioch, Commemorated on February 12; Venerable Publius of Egypt, Commemorated on April 5; Martyr Dometius of Persia, Commemorated on August 7; MOSES THE BLACK, DESERT FATHER & MARTYR, 28 August 405; Venerable Moses the Black of Scete, Commemorated on August 28; Martyr Porphyrius the Actor, Commemorated on September 15 ; Martyr Juventinus at Antioch, Commemorated on October 9 ; St Publia the Confessor and Deaconess of Antioch, Commemorated on October 9; St Martin the Merciful the Bishop of Tours, Commemorated on October 12 ; Greatmartyr Artemius at Antioch, Commemorated on October 20; Venerable Hilarion the Great, Commemorated on October 21; Hieromartyr Cyriacus the Patriarch of Jerusalem, Commemorated on October 28 ; St Marcian of Cyrrhus, Commemorated on November 2; Martyr Melasippus with his wife and son at Ancyra, Commemorated on November 7; Synaxis of the Archangel Michael and the Other Bodiless Powers, Commemorated on November 8; St Martin the Merciful the Bishop of Tours, Commemorated on November 11; MARTIN OF TOURS, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (11 NOV 397); Martyr Elpidius who suffered under Julian the Apostate, Commemorated on November 15; Martyr Theodore of Antioch, Commemorated on November 23; St Peter of Galatia, Commemorated on November 25; Martyr Timothy at Tiberiopolis, Commemorated on November 28; Venerable Karion (Cyrion) and his son in Egypt, Commemorated on December 5 ; Venerable Zachariah of Egypt, Commemorated on December 5; AMBROSE OF MILAN, BISHOP AND DOCTOR (7 DEC 397); Martyr Basil of Ancyra, Commemorated on January 1; Blessed Theosebia the Deaconess, sister of Sts Basil the Great and Gregory of Nyssa, Commemorated on January 10; St Gregory the Bishop of Nyssa, Commemorated on January 10; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated on January 28; Synaxis of the Ecumenical Teachers and Hierarchs: Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian, and John Chrysostom, Commemorated on January 30; Venerable Zeno the Hermit of Antioch the Disciple of St Basil the Great, Commemorated on January 30; Martyr Eupsychius of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on April 9; St Eulogius the Hospitable of Constantinople, Commemorated on April 27 ; Martyr Theognes at Cyzicus, Commemorated on April 29 ; St Athanasius the Great the Patriarch of Alexandria, Commemorated on May 2 ; Martyr Barbarus the Soldier in Morea, Commemorated on May 6; GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (9 MAY 389); St Epiphanius the Bishop of Cyprus, Commemorated on May 12 ; St Sabinus the Archbishop of Cyprus, Commemorated on May 12; Hieromartyr Dorotheus the Bishop of Tyre, Commemorated on June 5; Hieromartyr Timothy the Bishop of Prusa, Commemorated on June 10; Venerable Theophanes of Antioch, Commemorated on June 10; BASIL THE GREAT, BISHOP, THEOLOGIAN (14 JUNE 379); Martyr Manuel of Persia, Commemorated on June 17; Hieromartyr Eusebius the Bishop of Samosata, Commemorated on June 22; Icon of the Mother of God of Lydda or œthe RomanÂ, Commemorated on June 26;

Armenia, 350-368, C King, Arsak II (Arshak), Arian, Roman peace allows Sassanians to take Armenia 368, prison suicide
Armenia, 350-368, Prince, Arsak II (Arshak II); II[1] (Armenian: Արշակ Բ, flourished 4th century, died 369 or 370), also known as Arsaces II[2] and Arsak II[3] was a prince who was a Roman client king of Arsacid Armenia from 350 until 368. life[edit] II was the second born son to Tiran (Tigranes VII)[4] by an unnamed mother. His father served as a Roman client king of Arsacid Armenia from 339 until 350. His date of birth is unknown and little is known on his early life. Sometime during his father's reign, the Sassanid King Shapur II launched a war on Rome and her allies, firstly by persecuting the Christians that lived in Persia and Mesopotamia.[5] Shapur II, by capturing these territories, began to deal a severe blow to Roman prestige in the East.[5] Sometime into his father's reign, Shapur II with his army had invaded Armenia; eventually taking Arshak II with members of his family as hostages[5][6] as they were betrayed to Shapur II by his father's chamberlain.[5][6] Arshak II, along with members of his family, had become Sassanid political prisoners in which his father was blinded and thrown into prison after Shapur II accused his father of collusion with Rome.[5] nobles of Armenia were infuriated by the brutality of Shapur II and his treatment of Arshak II with members of his family, took up arms and fought against Shapur II and his army with assistance from the Romans.[5] They successfully drove Shapur II and his army out from Armenia. After Shapur II was defeated, he signed a treaty, and Arshak II and members of his family were released from prison. As Arshak II's father was depressed and blinded from his experience in captivity, he abdicated his throne, and Arshak II succeeded his father as Armenian King in 350. II, like his father, strongly pursued a policy in favor of Arianism.[7] the early years of his reign, Arshak II found himself courted by the Roman Empire and Sassanid Empire, both of which hoped to win Armenia to their side in the ongoing conflicts between them. 358, Arshak II had married a Greek noblewoman Olympias, the daughter of the late consul Ablabius. The historian Ammianus Marcellinus (XXV. vii, 9-13; vol. II, pp. 532/3-534/5) described Arshak II as a "steadfast and faithful friend" to the Romans. King of Sassanid Persia, Shapur II, intensified his efforts to conquer Armenia once and for all. He was able to bribe two Armenian noblemen, Vahan Mamikonian and Meruzhan Artsruni, and had them join his royal court. II focused on strengthening the army. He rewarded loyal generals and severely punished disloyal ones. He crafted an ambitious plan in which all criminals that settled in his newly founded city of Arshakavan were given complete amnesty. Approximately 150,000 individuals were settled in the city. His hope was to create a large army directly under his command, but many in the Armenian nobility did not agree with the plan and subsequently destroyed the city and killed its inhabitants. Romans and the Persians clashed again. Roman Emperor Jovian, being in a very difficult position, negotiated an undesirable peace with Shapur II in which he allowed the Persians to take over the fortresses of Nisbis, Castra Maurorum, and Singara along with a part of Armenia. Arshak II found himself abandoned by the Romans and left to defend Armenia all alone. The Persians swiftly attacked, but were unsuccessful, partly due to the leadership of the sparapet (general-in-chief) Vasak Mamikonian. Shapur II, seeing that brute force was not going to subjugate Arshak II, turned to treachery. Arshak II was invited by the Persian king for peace talks. When Arshak II arrived with Vasak Mamikonian, he was taken prisoner and his general was skinned. Armenia under Arshak II and suicide[edit] in a Sasanian prison named the Castle of Oblivion, Arshak II was unable to stop the Sasanian invasion of Armenia. Shapur II conquered Armenia and tried to convert Christian Armenians to Zoroastrianism, the main religion of the Sassanid Empire. in 369 or 370, an Armenian named Drastamat visited the imprisoned Arshak II. The king reminisced about his glory days and, feeling depressed, took his visitor's knife and killed himself. Drastamat, moved by what he had just witnessed, took the knife from Arshak II's chest and stabbed himself as well. having a troublesome reign, Arshak II was able to improve many aspects of his kingdom. The chief architect of the reforms was his cousin, the catholicos Saint Nerses I the Great. They included: the establishment of many monasteries, to isolate monks from the stress of everyday life and helped spread the gospel; the building of hospitals; the founding of many schools that would teach Assyrian and Greek, since the Holy Bible was read in those languages at that time; the interdiction of inbred marriages, polygamy, divorce, pagan rituals, drunkenness and revenge killings; strongly encouraging slave-owners to be merciful to slaves and treat them as equals. II was named in honor of his Parthian, Pontian and Armenian ancestors who ruled under this name as king, in particular he was named in honor of Arshak I, also known as Arsaces I, the founder of the Arsacid Parthian dynasty and the first ruler of the Parthian Empire. letter of Vagharshak, king of Armenia, to Arshak the Great, king of Parthia, Arshak, king of earth and sea, whose person and image are as those of our gods, whose fortune and destiny are superior to those of all kings, and whose amplitude of mind is as that of the sky above the earth, from Vagharshak your younger brother.[8] appearance[edit] to the Armenian 5th-century historian Faustus of Byzantium in his writings History of the Armenians (Book IV, Chapter 15), states Pharantzem[clarification needed] in describing Arshak II as, “physically, he is hairy, and his color is dark”. and issue[edit] II appeared to have three known wives. Prior to his Armenia kingship, Arshak II married an unknown woman who appeared to have died before 358. His first wife bore him a son: Anob[9] By 358, he married the Greek noblewoman Olympias.[10] They were married until her death in 361[10] They had no children. In 360, he married the Armenian noblewoman Pharantzem, the widow of Arshak II's nephew, the Arsacid Prince Gnel.[10][11] Pharantzem remained with Arshak II until his death. She bore Arshak II a son: Papas (Pap).[11] He was born in 360 and is the only known child born to Arshak II during his reign. Holy Woman Olympias (Olympiada) the Deaconess of Constantinople, Commemorated on July 25;

Armenia, 350-379, Macrina the Younger (Iris River near Pontus and Neocasearea on the Keltek) of the 5
Byzantium, 350-379, Macrina the Younger (somewhere on Iris River); MACRINA THE YOUNGER, MONASTIC AND TEACHER (19 JUL 379) ; St. Basil the Great, Archbishop of Casarea in Cappadocia, Commemorated on January 1;

Armenia, 351-368, Saint Caesarius of Nazianzus, Cappadocia, younger brother of Gregory of N, Physician Politician, but ascetic
Cappadocia, 351-368, Saint Caesarius of Nazianzus, younger brother of Gregory; of Nazianzus (c. 331 – 368) was a prominent physician and politician. He is best known as the younger brother of Gregory of Nazianzus. He is recognized as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox and the Catholic Church.[1] younger son of Gregory the Elder, bishop of Nazianzus, and his wife, Nonna, Caesarius was born at the family villa of Arianzus, near Nazianzus. probably studied at Caesarea Mazaca in Cappadocia in preparation for the elite schools of Alexandria in Egypt. favourite studies there were geometry, astronomy and especially medicine. In the last-named science, he surpassed all his fellow students.[2] 355 he came to the imperial capital Constantinople, and had already acquired a great reputation for his medical skill, his brother Gregory, homeward bound from Athens, appeared there about 358. sacrificed a remunerative and honourable post to return home with Gregory. capital soon proved to be too great an attraction for him, and he eventually became an eminent physician at the Byzantine court of Constantius II and, much to the regret of his family, at that of Julian the Apostate.[3] Julian failed in his efforts to win him over to briefly restored Paganism. more appreciative of his faith than of imperial favour, ultimately left the court, but returned to Constantinople after Julian's death in 363.[2] the Emperor Valens Caesarius became quaestor of Bithynia, a position which included treasury and tax collection responsibilities.[4] escaping from the earthquake which shook Nicaea (11 October, 368), his brother wrote to him, pleading for him to leave his political position and withdraw to a religious life.[5] Caesarius was suddenly killed by the widespread plague which followed the earthquake, shortly after having received baptism, which he, like many others at the period, had deferred until late in life. his death, his very considerable estate was rapidly pillaged by servants and creditors.[6] brother Gregory insisted that what remained of the estate be distributed to the poor and to surviving relatives. remains were interred at Nazianzus, where his brother pronounced the funeral oration in the presence of his parents. the oration, "On His Brother: St. Caesarius", Gregory portrays his brother as a model Christian and ascetic, providing the main source for the details of his life and setting the groundwork for his eventual canonization.[7] John McGuckin maintains that, while Caesarius and his brother Gregory were very close, they were very different characters. Gregory pursued a religious life, his vivacious, outgoing brother was at home in the world of Byzantine politics.[8] two were complementary figures; Gregory relied on his brother to guide him through trouble, while Caesarius encouraged his brother's literary and rhetorical interests.[8] assertion that this Caesarius was the same as that Caesarius, Prefect of Constantinople, who in 365 was thrown into the prison by Procopius, rests on an assumption made by Jacques Godefroy (1587-1652), the editor of the Theodosian Code (Lyon, 1665), and not on any solid historical ground.[2] four Dialogues of one hundred and ninety-seven questions and answers which were traditionally ascribed to Caesarius and are to be found in Migne, Patrologia Graeca, XXXVIII, 851–1190, can hardly be from his pen, owing to their nature, contents and anachronisms. They are generally looked upon as spurious. St. Gregory the Theologian the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated on January 25;

Armenia, 352-370, Gorgonia, Gregory tTheologian's Sis, blended married state w unmaried state, all that is good, virtuous woman
Lykaonia, 352-370, Gorgonia, Sister of Saint Gregory the Theologian, Iconium, Lykaonia (Goksu River and Great Road), blended married state w unmaried state, all that is good, Solomon's virtuous woman ; Iconium; Saint Gorgonia, Sister of Saint Gregory the Theologian, Commemorated on February 23; of the information about Saint Gorgonia (Γοργονία) comes from her brother, Saint Gregory Nazianzus (January 25) in his Oration VIII, "On his Sister Gorgonia," which was delivered sometime after their brother Saint Caesarius (March 9) went to the Lord in 369, and before the repose of their father, the elder Saint Gregory Nazianzus, in 374. was the daughter of Saint Gregory Nazianzus (January 1) and Saint Nonna (August 5), and was named for her maternal grandmother Gorgonia. Saint Gregory the Theologian tells us that she derived her existence and her reputation from their parents, because they sowed in her the seeds of piety. praising her virtues, Saint Gregory states that her modesty surpassed those of her own time, and those who lived before her. She blended the excellence of the married state with that of the unmarried state, avoiding the disadvantages of each, while combining all that is best in both. Thus, Saint Gorgonia proved that "neither of them absolutely binds us to, or separates us from, God or the world." It is the mind which nobly presides over marriage and virginity, arranging and working on them as "the raw material of virtue." Gorgonia had consecrated herself to God, and also won her husband Alypios to her side. He was from the city of Iconium, where Faustinus was the bishop. She made Alypios "a good fellow servant, instead of an unreasonable master." This pious couple had five children; two sons who became bishops, and three daughters: Alypianḗ, Eugenia, and Nonna. Moreover, she made her children and their children's children the fruit of her spirit, dedicating to God not only her soul, but also her entire family and household. As long as she lived, she showed herself as an example of all that is good. Her devoted brother even compared her to King Solomon's virtuous woman (Proverbs 31:10-31). daughter of a saintly family took both her natural and spiritual parents as her models of virtue, and they were the source of her goodness. She did not wear fine clothes or expensive jewelry, nor did she use pigments to enhance her beauty. The only red coloring dear to her was the blush of modesty; and her only white coloring was the tint of temperance. adorned the churches with offerings, and thereby presented herself to God as a living temple. She opened her house to members of her family who were in want, and even to strangers. She was sympathetic to those in trouble, and compassionate toward widows. She "dispersed abroad" and "gave to the poor" (Psalm 111/112:9). The only wealth she left to her children was the excellence of her example. her fasting, her chanting of the Psalms, her vigils, her tears, and her prayers, she surpassed not only women, but also the most devout men, thereby demonstrating that the distinction between male and female is one of body, not of soul. day, as Saint Gorgonia was riding in her carriage, the mules bolted and the carriage was overturned. She was dragged over the ground and suffered serious injury. Those who were not Christians were scandalized that God would permit such a thing to happen to this righteous woman. Although she was bruised in her bones and limbs, she would not allow a physician to examine her, in order to preserve her modesty. She trusted that God would heal her, and He did. Seeing her unexpected recovery, people concluded that the accident had occurred so that by her patient endurance and her miraculous healing, God would be glorified. Gorgonia longed for death, preferring to be with Christ rather than remain on earth. She had a vision in which the day of her death was revealed to her so that she might prepare herself. As that time drew near she took to her bed, and spent her last day giving instructions to her husband, her children, and her friends. After discoursing about spiritual matters, she reposed in the year 370 at the age of thirty-eight. Her last words were, “I will both lie down in peace and sleep” (Psalm 4:8).

Armenia, 355-395, Gregory of Nyssa, Cappadocia, Armenia, Father of Fathers, 2nd E Council on Nicene Creed, of the 5
Armenia, 355-395, Gregory of Nyssa, Cappadocia, Armenia, Father of Fathers, anti arian, bishop 372, deposed twice, restored 378, b basil died 379, completed his work on first 6 days, Hexaemeron, Antioc council on MOG, 2nd E Council on Nicene Creed, of the 5; Saint Gregory, Bishop of Nyssa, Commemorated on January 10; Gregory, Bishop of Nyssa, was a younger brother of Saint Basil the Great (January 1). birth and upbringing came at a time when the Arian disputes were at their height. Having received an excellent education, he was at one time a teacher of rhetoric. the year 372, he was consecrated by Saint Basil the Great as bishop of the city of Nyssa in Cappadocia. Gregory was an ardent advocate for Orthodoxy, and he fought against the Arian heresy with his brother Saint Basil. was persecuted by the Arians, by whom he was falsely accused of improper use of church property, and thereby deprived of his See and sent to Ancyra. the following year Saint Gregory was again deposed in absentia by a council of Arian bishops, but he continued to encourage his flock in Orthodoxy, wandering about from place to place. the death of the emperor Valens (378), Saint Gregory was restored to his cathedra and was joyously received by his flock. His brother Saint Basil the Great died in 379. with difficulty did Saint Gregory survive the loss of his brother and guide. He delivered a funeral oration for him, and completed Saint Basil’s study of the six days of Creation, the Hexaemeron. same year Saint Gregory participated in the Council of Antioch against heretics who refused to recognize the perpetual virginity of the Mother of God. Others at the opposite extreme, who worshipped the Mother of God as being God Herself, were also denounced by the Council. visited the churches of Arabia and Palestine, which were infected with the Arian heresy, to assert the Orthodox teaching about the Most Holy Theotokos. On his return journey Saint Gregory visited Jerusalem and the Holy Places. the year 381 Saint Gregory was one of the chief figures of the Second Ecumenical Council, convened at Constantinople against the heresy of Macedonius, who incorrectly taught about the Holy Spirit. At this Council, on the initiative of Saint Gregory, the Nicean Symbol of Faith (the Creed) was completed. with the other bishops Saint Gregory affirmed Saint Gregory the Theologian as Archpastor of Constantinople. the year 383, Saint Gregory of Nyssa participated in a Council at Constantinople, where he preached a sermon on the divinity of the Son and the Holy Spirit. In 386, he was again at Constantinople, and he was asked to speak the funeral oration in memory of the empress Placilla. Again in 394 Saint Gregory was present in Constantinople at a local Council, convened to resolve church matters in Arabia. Gregory of Nyssa was a fiery defender of Orthodox dogmas and a zealous teacher of his flock, a kind and compassionate father to his spiritual children, and their intercessor before the courts. He was distinguished by his magnanimity, patience and love of peace. reached old age, Saint Gregory of Nyssa died soon after the Council of Constantinople. Together with his great contemporaries, Saints Basil the Great and Gregory the Theologian, Saint Gregory of Nyssa had a significant influence on the Church life of his time. His sister, Saint Macrina, wrote to him: “You are renowned both in the cities, and gatherings of people, and throughout entire districts. Churches ask you for help.” Saint Gregory is known in history as one of the most profound Christian thinkers of the fourth century. Endowed with philosophical talent, he saw philosophy as a means for a deeper penetration into the authentic meaning of divine revelation. Gregory left behind many remarkable works of dogmatic character, as well as sermons and discourses. He has been called “the Father of Fathers.”

Armenia, 355-395, GREGORY OF NYSSA, Armenia, Cappadocian Father, major Orthodox force 381 E Council, 1 of the 5, more
Armenia, 355-395, GREGORY OF NYSSA, Cappadocia, Armenia (Kizilirmak River 5), G of N, Basil the Great's b, B friend Gregory of Nazianzus, Cappadocian Fathers major force for Athanasian position at 381 E Council, 1 of the 5, 40 Martyrs Sebaste relics impressed him to total commitment, professional orator, forced to be bishop, not suited, book Life of Moses; Nyssa, Cappadocia; GREGORY OF NYSSA, (9 MAR 395); of Nyssa, his brother Basil the Great (14 June), and Basil's best friend Gregory of Nazianzus (9 May), are known collectively as the Cappadocian Fathers. They were a major force in the triumph of the Athanasian position at the Council of Constantinople in 381. Gregory of Nyssa tends to be overshadowed by the other two. of Nyssa was born in Caesarea, the capital of Cappadocia (central Turkey) in about 334, the younger brother of Basil the Great and of Macrina (19 July), and of several other distinguished persons. As a youth, he was at best a lukewarm Christian. However, when he was twenty, some of the relics of the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste (10 March) were transferred to a chapel near his home, and their presence made a deep impression, on him, confronting him with the fact that to acknowledge God at all is to acknowledge His right to demand a total commitment. Gregory became an active and fervent Christian. He considered the priesthood, decided it was not for him, became a professional orator like his father, married, and settled down to the life of a Christian layman. However, his brother Basil and his friend Gregory of Nazianzus persuaded him to reconsider, and he became a priest in about 362. (This did not affect his marriage.) brother Basil, who had become archbishop of Caesarea in 370, was engaged in a struggle with the Arian Emperor Valens, who was trying to stamp out belief in the deity of Christ. Basil desperately needed the votes and support of Athanasian bishops, and he maneuvered his friend Gregory into the bishopric of Sasima, and (in about 371) his brother Gregory into the bishopric of Nyssa, a small town about ten miles from Caesarea. Neither one wanted to be a bishop, neither was suited to be a bishop, and both were furious with Basil.) Gregory did not get along well with his flock, was falsely accused of embezzling church funds, fled the scene in about 376, and did not return until after the death of Valens about two years later. 379, Basil died, having lived to see the death of Valens and the end of the persecution. Shortly thereafter, Macrina died. Gregory was with her in the last few days of her life. Afterwards, he took to writing sermons and treatises on theology and philosophy. His philosophy was a form of Christian Platonism. In his approach to the Scriptures, he was heavily influenced by Origen, and his writings on the Trinity and the Incarnation build on and develop insights found in germ in the writings of his brother Basil. But he is chiefly remembered as a writer on the spiritual life, on the contemplation of God, not only in private prayer and meditation, but in corporate worship and in the sacramental life of the Church. treatise On the Making of Man deals with God as Creator, and with the world as a good thing, as something that God takes delight in, and that ought to delight us. His Great Catechism is esteemed as a work of systematic theology. His Commentary on the Song of Songs is a work of contemplative, devotional, mystical theology. book The Life of Moses is available from the Paulist Press in the series The Classics of Western Spirituality. The reader who is expecting a straightforward biography will be startled -- not necessarily disappointed. An example of his treatment is the following: Numbers 13 and 14 we read that when Moses had led the Israelites out of Egypt and to the borders of Canaan, he sent twelve spies into the land to look it over. They returned to report two things: (1) The inhabitants of the land were fierce warriors and would prove a formidable enemy. (2) The land was a good land, with fertile soil and an abundance of natural resources. As proof, they brought back a cluster of grapes so large that they hung it from a wooden pole that two men carried horizontally between them. Ten of the spies said that the enemy was too strong to be defeated, and that the Israelites ought to turn back, but the remaining two, Joshua and Caleb, urged the people to remember that the LORD was with them, and had shown Himself mighty to save. The people listened to the ten and prepared to turn back. At this the LORD was angry and said, "Very well, you shall wander in the wilderness for forty years, until all the men of this generation have died, except for Joshua and Caleb. Only then shall the next generation go in to possess the homeland that I promised to Abraham for his descendants." Hence the well-known child's nursery rhyme that goes in part: Joshua the son of Nun and Caleb the son of Jephunneh Were the only two who ever got thru to the land of milk and honey. (following the example of the Apostle Paul in 1 Corinthians 10) treats the Exodus as a type of our deliverance from the bondage of sin, and the Promised Land as a type of Heaven. He comments that the Israelites had been guilty of idolatry, of fornication, of repeated rebellions against Moses, of various disobediences to the commands of God, but that none of these moved God to deny them entrance into the Promised Land. It was only when they came to the Land, and God showed them what a good land He had prepared for them, and gave them a token of that goodness in the form of the cluster of grapes, hanging from a wooden pole between two spies, and they refused to trust in the promise of God to save them from their enemies, that they were turned back (indeed, that they turned themselves back). So, it is not failure to live virtuous lives that can keep us out of Heaven, but a refusal to believe in the mercy of God, and to trust His gracious declarations of His good will toward us, concretely expressed in the saving blood of Christ, Who is the True Vine, and Who for our sakes hung on the wood of the cross between two thieves, as the grape cluster hung on the wood of the pole between two spies, showing forth in His own Person the sign of God's good will to us and His assurance that He is ready to overcome all our enemies. you see, it is not really a biography of Moses, and it will not be to everyone's taste, not even to every Christian's taste. And even Christians who find this approach helpful will grant that it has its pitfalls. Clearly anyone who follows Gregory's example runs the risk of being led on a random walk by the will-o-the-wisp of his own imagination. But many Christians have received spiritual nourishment from this way of reading the Scriptures, and the example of St. Paul, as aforesaid, favors the view that this approach is at least sometimes of legitimate value. by James Kiefer

Armenia, 357-381, Meletius oAntioch, Syria, lightning like fire surrounded him after he raised 3 fingers, withdrawing 2
Syria, 357-381, Meletius of Antioch, Syria, lightning like fire surrounded him after he raised three fingers, withdrawing two, explaining three hypostaties and one nature,381 led 2nd EC and passed away there, 357 Bishop oSebaste, Armenia, summoned to Antioch bConstantius tCombat Arians, C then became Arian, and deposed M twice, M extraordinary gentle, led by example, virtue&kind disposition, so true teaching would sprout, M ordained Basil tGreat, baptized John Chrysostom, Julian tApostate expelled M, 363 Jovian and M wrote his "Exposition oFaith" treatise, it converted many Arians, 381 Theodosius convened 2nd EC aConstantinople, presided by M, before it began m explained 3 hypostases and 1 nature with his fingers, and lightening fire, M died during the council, Gregory oNyssa eulogy, M's treatises on consubstantiality of Jesus with his father, letter tJovian about Trinity, Relics tansferred to Antioch; Syria, 357-381, Syrian Saint, Meletius of Antioch; St. Meletius the Archbishop of Antioch, Commemorated on February 12; Meletius, Archbishop of Antioch, Bishop of Sebaste in Armenia (ca. 357), afterwards he was summoned to Antioch by the emperor Constantius to help combat the Arian heresy, and was appointed to that See. Meletius struggled zealously against the Arian error, through the intrigues of the heretics he was thrice deposed from his cathedra by the Emperor Constantius had become surrounded by the Arians and had accepted their position. all this Saint Meletius was distinguished by an extraordinary gentleness, he constantly led his flock by the example of his own virtue and kindly disposition, that the seeds of the true teaching sprout more readily on such soil. Meletius was the one who ordained the future hierarch Saint Basil the Great as deacon. Meletius also baptized and encouraged another of the greatest luminaries of Orthodoxy, Saint John Chrysostom, later eulogized his former archpastor. Constantius, the throne was occupied by Julian the Apostate, the saint again was expelled, to hide himself in secret places for his safety. under the emperor Jovian in the year 363, Saint Meletius wrote his theological treatise, “Exposition of the Faith,” which facilitated the conversion of many of the Arians to Orthodoxy. the year 381, under the emperor Theodosius the Great (379-395), the Second Ecumenical Council was convened. the year 380 the saint had set off on his way to the Second Ecumenical Council at Constantinople, came to preside over it. the start of the Council, Saint Meletius raised his hand displaying three fingers, then withdrawing two fingers and leaving one extended he blessed the people, proclaiming: “We understand three hypostases, and we speak about a single nature.” this declaration, fire surrounded the saint like lightning. the Council Saint Meletius fell asleep in the Lord. Gregory of Nyssa honored the memory of the deceased with a eulogy. Meletius has left treatises on the consubstantiality of the Son of God with the Father, a letter to the emperor Jovian concerning the Holy Trinity. relics of Saint Meletius were transferred from Constantinople to Antioch.

Armenia, 358-405, Zeno tHermit oAntioch, fPontus, Basil tGreat's disciple, also rich, served Emperor, then 40 yr Antioch Cave
Armenia, 358-405, Zeno tHermit oAntioch, fPontus (Eupatoria, a crossroads, Isis and Kelkit Rivers), Basil tGreat's disciple, fRich family, served Emperor Valens, delivered imperial edicts, left world tAntioch cave upon V's death, 40 yrs there sloitude cleansing soul, church each Sunday, no bed fireplace or lamp, old rags, bread&water, tedious tWell in city, borrowed holy books fSpiritual counciled, filled wSpiritual Grace but considered self poor in Spirit, died beginning 5th C; Eupatoria (Pontus); Venerable Zeno the Hermit of Antioch the Disciple of St Basil the Great, Commemorated January 30 ; Zeno, the disciple of Saint Basil the Great, born in the city of Pontus into a rich family. served at the court of the emperor Valens (364-378), among the soldiers who were sent out to deliver the imperial edicts. the death of Valens, Saint Zeno left the world and settled in a cave near the city of Antioch. forty years he lived in this cave, and he lived an austere life in complete solitude, cleansing his soul, and meditating on God. Zeno went to church each Sunday and received the Holy Mysteries of Christ. his cell he had neither bed, nor fireplace, nor lamp. The ascetic wore old rags, and ate only bread and water, for which he had to make a tedious journey into the city to the well. Zeno was particularly fond of holy books, which he borrowed from those who came to him for spiritual counsel. his deep humility the blessed ascetic, filled with the gifts of grace, considered himself poor in spirit. Zeno died at the beginning of the fifth century.

Armenia, 360-381, Theosebia, the deaconess, virgin, the younger sister, of the 5
Cappadocia, 360-381, Theosebia, the younger sister (somewhere on Iris River in Pontus); also known as Theosebia the Deaconess, was a 4th-century Christian leader, who is honored as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church. As a saint she is referred to as Blessed Theosebia the Deaconess. Her life and identification is ambiguous: her years of birth and death are uncertain (probably subsequent to 381). However, she is thought to have played an important role in the church in Nyssa, where she was called diakonissa, the deaconess or wife of a deacon. Nazianzen wrote a letter of condolence[1] on her death to Gregory of Nyssa in which Gregory Nazianzen mentioned "your sister Theosebia" and "true yoke-fellow of a priest". comes the ambiguity of her identification. Some historians supposed Theosebia was the wife of Gregory of Nyssa, others suppose she was one of his sisters like Macrina the Younger.[2] If so, then Theosebia was the sister of Basil the Great as well. of Nyssa—unlike the other Cappadocian Fathers—was married, according to his own testimony in his work On Virginity[3] that he could not benefit from the subject of his own work. combined with Nazianzen's statement that Theosebia was buried by the other Gregory in the aforementioned letter, suggest that she was indeed either Gregory of Nyssa's wife or sister, whose funeral he would have been obliged to oversee. St Theosevia Centre for Christian Spirituality is in Oxford.[4][5] Donald Allchin was director of the centre from 1987 to 1994.[6] Cappadocian Gregory of Nazianzus wrote to Gregory of Nyssa about Theosebia, “the pride of the church, the ornament of Christ, the finest of our generation, the free speech of women, Theosebia, the most illustrious among the brethren, outstanding in beauty of soul. Theosebia, truly a priestly personage, the colleague of a priest, equally honored and worthy of the great sacraments."[7] Blessed Theosebia the Deaconess, sister of Saints Basil the Great and Gregory of Nyssa, Commemorated on January 10; Theosebia the Deaconess was the sister of Saints Basil the Great, Gregory of Nyssa, and Peter, Bishop of Sebaste. She was a virgin and served the Holy Church as a deaconess, caring for the sick, distributing food to vagrants, raising orphans and preparing women for holy Baptism. her brother, Saint Gregory of Nyssa, was in exile for three years, Saint Theosebia was with him and she shared in all the tribulations of a life of wandering. Saint Theosebia died in 385, and Saint Gregory the Theologian praised her in a eulogy. Byzantium, 350-379, Macrina the Younger (somewhere on Iris River); MACRINA THE YOUNGER, MONASTIC AND TEACHER (19 JUL 379) ; St. Basil the Great, Archbishop of Casarea in Cappadocia, Commemorated on January 1;

Armenia, 360-391, Peter, Bishop oSebaste, Armenia, Macrina's gson, of the 5
Armenia, 360 - 391, St Peter, Bishop of Sebaste, Cappadocia/ Armenia, Macrina's gson, of the 5, Basil tG&Gregory oNyssa's bro, raused by sis Macrina tYounger, attended 2nd EC 381 aConstantinople against Macedonius' heresy; Cappadocia, 360 - 391, St Peter, Bishop of Sebaste, Cappadocia/ Armenia; St. Peter the Bishop of Sebaste, in Armenia, Commemorated on January 9; Peter, Bishop of Sebaste, was a brother of Saint Basil the Great and Saint Gregory of Nyssa (January 1 and January 10). older sister, Saint Macrina (July 19) played a large role in his upbringing. Basil the Great ordained Saint Peter as presbyter, and later he was made Bishop of Sebaste (in Armenia). Peter was present at the Second Ecumenical Council in the year 381, convened at Constantinople against the heresy of Macedonius. Blessed Theosebia the Deaconess, sister of Sts Basil the Great and Gregory of Nyssa, Commemorated on January 10;

Armenia, 361-363, Gemelius oPaphlagonia, riled Julian aAncyra, Red Hot belt walk tEdessa, pierced&mutilated, but baptism cHeals
Armenia, 361-363, Gemelius oPaphlagonia, Pontaine, Armenia (Gangra River, lower Kizilirmak River drainage), tormented fDenunciating Julian tApostate, iAncyra, had to walk wRed hot iron belt tEdessa, there limbs pierced wWooden stakes, then hung oPost&Mutilated, endured, continued revile Julian, tortured, let go, still able walk, met priest, baptized, instantly all healed, then Julian had him crucified, secretly buried bChristians; Paphlagonia Region; Martyr Gemellus of Paphlagonia, Commemorated on December 10 ; Holy Martyr Gemellus of Paphlagonia was subjected to cruel tortures for his staunch denunciation of the emperor Juilan the Apostate (361-363) in the city of Ancyra (Galatia). red-hot iron belt was placed around his waist. he was ordered to accompany the impious Julian on his journey. they reached Edessa in Mesopotamia, he was stretched out on the ground and his limbs were pierced with wooden stakes. he was hung on a post and mutilated. the tortures, the saint continued to revile the emperor. being subjected to even more horrible torments, they let him go. was still able to walk and speak, so he went on his way until he met a priest. entreated the priest to baptize him, and when he emerged from the water, his wounds were all healed. of this miracle, Julian ordered that Saint Gemellus be crucified. victorious athlete of Christ gave up his soul to God, and his body was secretly taken down and buried by Christians.

Armenia, 363, Battle of Samarra v Persia, Julian the Apostate's death
Battle of Samarra, 363, Julian the Apostate's death; Julian left Antioch for a war with the Persians. Near the Persian city of Ctesiphon, Julian came upon an elderly Persian, who agreed to betray his countrymen and guide Julian’s army. The old man deceived Julian and led his army into the Karmanite wilderness, where there was neither food nor water. Tired from hunger and thirst, Julian’s army battled against fresh Persian forces. ; Greatmartyr Artemius at Antioch, Commemorated on October 20; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated on January 28; Hieromartyr Theodoritus of Antioch, Commemorated on March 8; Martyr Eupsychius of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on April 9; Martyr Manuel of Persia, Commemorated on June 17;

Armenia, 363, Helladius the Bishop, Artaz Region, high point, Armenia, not harmed by fire, healed by Jesus
Armenia, 363, Helladius the Bishop in the Eastern part of the Roman Empire, Artaz Region, high point, Armenia, not harmed by fire, healed by Jesus; Eastern part of the Roman Empire ; Hieromartyr Helladius the Bishop in the East, Commemorated on May 28; Hieromartyr Helladius the Bishop was thrown into fire because of his faith in Christ, but he remained unharmed. He died as a martyr from the terrible beating inflicted upon him. the Service to Saint Helladius it is said that the Lord Jesus Christ visited him in prison and healed him of his wounds. According to certain sources, Saint Helladius suffered under the Persians during their invasion into the Eastern part of the Roman Empire in the fourth century.

Armenia, 369-374, Pap, Client King, arian, robust, escape to Valens'. killed traitors, d Shapur II, k Nerses, V k Pap
Armenia, 369-374, King, Pap of Armenia; also known as Papas[1] (353–374) was a Prince who served as the Roman Client King of Arsacid Armenia from 370 until 374. and early life[edit] was the son born to the Arsacid monarch Arsaces II (Arshak II) and his wife Pharantzem (Parandzem),[2] who was his third known wife. Prior to his father's Armenian kingship, Arsaces II married an unnamed woman who appeared to have died before the year 358 by whom he had a son called Anob,[3] thus was Pap's older paternal half-brother. The father of Pap served as Roman Client King of Armenia from 350 until 368. Pap is the only known child born to Arsaces II during his Armenian Kingship. was born and raised in Armenia and little is known on his early life. Armenian historian of the 5th century Faustus of Byzantium in his writings History of the Armenians (Book IV, Chapter 15), states that the parents of Pap nourished him during his childhood and when he reached puberty he became robust. Nerses I was named in honor of Pap, a brief Catholicos in 348 who was Pap's late paternal relative and the first son of Saint Husik. Saint Husik was the grandfather of the Catholicos, St. Nerses I.[4] to the throne[edit] Sassanid King Shapur II's invasion of the Kingdom of Armenia, Pharantzem and Pap were holed up with the Armenian treasure in the fortress of Artogerassa defended by a troop of Azats.[2] According to Ammianus Marcellinus, the Persian invasion force was commanded by two Armenian defectors, Cylaces (Glak) and Artabanes (Vahan). Shapur II's intention was to replace the Armenian Arsacid monarchy with a non-Arsacid but still Armenian nakharar diarchy. Faustus of Byzantium in his Epic Histories also mentions two Armenian nakharars, Meruzhan Artsruni and Vahan Mamikonian in leadership positions under Shapur II's suzerainty as well as Zik and Karen who carried Persian noble titles. This also implies that Shapur II might have intended to combine Sassanid administrative rule (Zik and Karen) with that of nakharar rule (Artsruni and Mamikonian).[2] the siege, Arsaces II's wife Pharantzem appealed to Cylaces and Artabanes in the name of her husband who defected back to the Arsacid monarchy and engineered the escape of Pap. Themistius reported of Pap's arrival at Valens' court in Marcianopolis where the Emperor was wintering.[2] Valens bade him to stay at Neocaesarea in Pontus Polemoniacus three hundred kilometers from the Armenian border. In 369, Pap returned to Armenian territory at the request of the nobility. He was accompanied by the comes et dux Terentius but was not yet endowed with a royal rank.[5] of Armenia[edit] was reluctant to bestow a royal title upon Pap in order not to violate an earlier treaty signed by Jovian in July 363.[5] Valens dispatched his magister peditum praesentalis Arinthaeus to Armenia just as Shapur II invaded the country in pursuit of Pap who was hiding near the Roman frontier in Lazica. Meanwhile, Terentius restored Sauromaces to the throne of Iberia, but the king appointed by the Persians, Aspacures retained control of the eastern part of that kingdom. Instead of going after Pap, Shapur II concentrated his attack on the now long besieged fortress of Artogerassa which fell in the winter of 370, the royal treasure was captured by the Persians and Pharantzem, raped and murdered.[2] Shapur II also began systematically persecuting the local Christians by forcing apostasy to Mazdaism, a form of Orthodox Zoroastrianism.[2] II contacted Pap who was still in hiding and tried to persuade him to come over to his side. Under Shapur II's influence Pap murdered the duplicitous Cylaces and Artabanes and sent their heads to the shahanshah as a sign of loyalty. In the spring of 370 Shapur II prepared a massive invasion of Armenia which was realized in the spring of 371. Valens' generals Traianus and Vadomarius met the Persian force in Armenia at Bagrevand not far from the village called Dzirav and came off victorious. Faustus of Byzantium gives considerable credit for the victory to sparapet Mushegh I Mamikonian. Moses of Chorene of Armenia and Roman Ammianus Marcellinus noted that the Valens' generals did not participate in the battle actively but rather were engaged in protecting the King. During the ensuing battles more Armenian territories were reclaimed from the Persians, including Arzanene and Corduene which were ceded to Persians by Jovian in 363.[2] the end of the summer Shapur II retreated to his capital at Ctesiphon and Valens went back to Antioch. Shapur II was unable to confront the massive Roman build up in Armenia as a result of his preoccupation with Kushan attacks in the eastern realm of his empire. While peace prevailed with Persia, the situation inside Armenia began to crumble. like his father, aggressively pursued a policy of Christian Arianism.[6] He was struggling to rule a kingdom that was recently dismantled by Shapur II; his actions to keep a tight grip on power led to his downfall. Pap poisoned the popular Armenian Catholicos Nerses in 373, who was a very close Roman ally.[2] The poisoning of Nerses was one of the measures that Pap took to restrain the excessive power of the Church, which included the confiscation of rich estates which were attached to the Holy See. Pap had nominated a certain Husik as a replacement and sent him for consecration in Caesarea. The bishop of Caesarea Basil refused to consecrate the nominee but Valens requested that Basil quickly resolve the situation by finding a new nominee acceptable to Pap. Basil failed to do so and the Roman see of Caesarea effectively lost its traditional role of consecrating the Catholicos of Armenia.[2] Pap's refusal to cooperate with Basil angered Valens. In addition, Pap demanded control over Caesarea and twelve other Roman cities including Edessa as former Arsacid domains while openly courting Persia. Valens decided to execute Pap and invited him to a meeting in Tarsus. Pap arrived with 300 mounted escorts but quickly became anxious when he found out the Emperor was not there in person, fleeing back to Armenia.[7] sent two generals with scutarii (shielded cavalry) familiar with the local terrain after Pap, an Armenian named Danielus and an Iberian named Barzimeres who failed to capture and execute Pap.[2] Both generals gave an excuse that Pap had used magical powers to avoid capture and used a dark cloud to mask his party. Faustus in his Epic Histories also claimed that Pap was possessed by devs (demons). This could have simply been an attack against Pap's sympathies towards Arians and pagans. Valens then assigned Traianus to gain Pap's confidence and murder him. Traianus murdered Pap in 374 during a banquet which he had organized for the young king.[8] Marcellinus Ammianus drew parallels between the treacherous murder of the Quadi King Gabinius by Valentinian I and the murder of Pap by Valens,[9] who also wrote that the murder of Pap haunted Valens prior to the Battle of Adrianople. Armenian nakharars still loyal to Pap did little to protest as a result of a large Roman army present in Armenian territory. The new Roman nominee for a king was accepted virtually by everyone. It was another Arsacid and nephew of Pap, who grew up in Rome named Varasdates (Varazdat) that began to rule under the regency of Mushegh Mamikonian.[2] The Mamikonians were notoriously pro-Roman. Shapur II had long been courting Pap and he was infuriated when Pap was murdered and a new Arsacid placed on the Armenian throne instead. and issue[edit] married an Armenian noblewoman called Zarmandukht, who through marriage became queen consort of Armenia.[10] Zarmandukht bore Pap two sons:[11] Arsaces III (Arshak III) and Vologases.

Armenia, 370, Aphraates fPersia, tEdessa&Antioch, disavvowed illustrious lineage, attracted many to his holy life, preached
Armenia, 370, Aphraates fPersia, tEdessa&Antioch, disavvowed illustrious lineage, attracted many to his holy life, preached word of God to them, died 370; Edessa, Syria; St Aphraates of Persia, Commemorated on January 29 ; Aphraates, a Persian who came to believe in Christ, disavowed his illustrious lineage and left his pagan countrymen by going to Edessa, and then to Antioch. attracted many by his holy life, and preached the Word of God to them. He died in the year 370.

Armenia, 370-430, Alexander, founder 2 Unsleeping Ones Monasteries, prayed 3yrs to make sure, preached the original gospel
Armenia, 370-430, Alexander, founder Unsleepinge Ones Monastery, Edessa, Armenia, (Euphrates River 3), educated iConstantinople, some military service, called to desert monastery near Antioch, under Elias, monastic obedience, blessed to dwell wilderness, took only Holy Gospel with him, not the Gospels?, then Lord summoned him to preach tPagans, converted local leader who became bishop oEdessa 30 years, Alex settled not far from Euphrates, Monks gathered, monastery o400 monks, A decided offer never ceasing prayer, but first prayed 3yrs to make sure, divine revelation God said yes, Monks divided 24 watches oPrayer, shifts each hour, 2 Choirs sang Psams both Day and Night, except for divine services time, named Unsleeping Ones, unceasing praise tGod, A guided this monastery 12yrs, left Trphimus as igumen, left to preach Gospel to cities on Persian border, with chosen brothers, arrives at Constantinople and established another Unsleeping monastery with rule of unceasing praise, died 430 after 50 yrs a monk; Venerable Alexander, founder of the Monastery of the “Unsleeping Ones”, Commemorated on February 23; Alexander, Founder of the Monastery of the “Unsleeping Ones,” was born in Asia and received his education at Constantinople. spent some time in military service sensing a calling to other service, he left the world and received monastic tonsure in one of the desert monasteries near Antioch under the guidance of Igumen Elias. advanced through all the degrees of monastic obedience, he received a blessing from the igumen to dwell in the wilderness. saint lived an ascetical life in the wilderness, taking only the Holy Gospel with him. the Lord summoned him to preach to pagans. converted to the faith the local city-head Rabbul, who afterwards prospered in the service of the Church, attaining the rank of bishop, and for thirty years, he occupied the bishop’s cathedra in the city of Edessa. Saint Alexander settled not far from the Euphrates River. Monks gathered around him, attracted by the loftiness of his prayerful asceticism and spiritual experience. monastery of 400 monks eventually sprang up there. the holy igumen in his prayerful zeal decided to offer never-ceasing praise to the Lord at the monastery both by day and by night. three years the holy abba prayed that God might reveal to him whether it was pleasing to Him to establish such a monastic rule. received an answer by divine revelation. the monks were divided into twenty-four watches of prayer. Changing shifts each hour, two choirs sang the holy Psalms both day and night, except when divine services were celebrated in church. the name “Monastery of Unsleeping Ones,” since the ascetics offered unceasing praise to God. Alexander guided the monastery on the Euphrates for twelve years. having left the experienced Elder Trophimus as igumen, he set off with some chosen brethren through the cities bordering on Persia, to preach the Gospel. arrived at Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire, he also established a monastery there with his Rule of unceasing praise. abba died at a great old age after fifty years of monastic struggles. death occurred in the year 430. Saint Alexander is also commemorated on July 3.

Armenia, 372-422, Maruthas, Bishop oMartyropolis, tPersian Shah twice, persuaded favorable Christian disposition, much more
Mesopotamia, 372-422, Maruthas, Bishop oMartyropolis, Syria, Mesopotamia, and Armenia (Tigris River 2), Bishop oTagrith (Martyropolis), city he founded, between Byzantine Empire and Persia, knowledge&piety fame, wrote about martyrs, suffered under Sapor, Syrian Language Commentary otGospel, Verses oMaruthas, 73 Cannons ot 325 EC at Nicea, Acts otCouncil, 381 2nd EC participant aConstantinople, against Macedonius, 383 attended Council oAntioch against Messalians, 403-404 off to Constantinople, plead Arcadius protect Persian Christians, two times sent by Theodosius tYounger to Shah in Izdegerd to secure peace, 414 persuaded Shah favorable disposition tChristians, for freedom Christians iPersia, located Persian saints relics, transferred them tMartyropolis, rebuilt Churches razed by Sapor, died iPersia 422, relics trans tEgypt, skete Monastery otMOG; Martyropolis; St Maruthas the Bishop of Martyropolis in Mesopotamia, Commemorated on February 16; Maruthas was Bishop of Tagrith (Martyropolis), city which he founded between the Byzantine Empire and Persia. was famed for his knowledge and his piety, wrote about the martyrs, he suffered for his faith in Christ under the Persian emperor Sapor. also left behind other works in the Syrian language, which the most famous are: “Commentary on the Gospel,” “Verses of Maruthas,” “Liturgy of Maruthas” “The 73 Canons of the Ecumenical Council at Nicea” (325) with an account of the acts of the Council. the year 381 Saint Maruthas participated in the Second Ecumenical Council at Constantinople, against the heresy of Macedonius. 383, he attended the Council of Antioch against the Messalians. the years 403-404 Saint Maruthas set off to Constantinople plead with the emperor Arcadius to protect Persian Christians. was twice sent by the emperor Theodosius the Younger to the Shah Izdegerd to secure the peace between the Empire and Persia. the year 414 Saint Maruthas, having done his duty as envoy to the court of Izdegerd, the Shah to a favorable disposition towards Christians, and he assisted greatly in the freedom of Christians in Persia. rebuilt Christian churches razed during the persecution by the Persian ruler Sapor. also located relics of saints who had suffered martyrdom and transferred them to Martyropolis. died there in 422. relics of Saint Maruthas were later transferred to Egypt placed in a skete monastery of the Mother of God.

Armenia, 374-378, C King, Varazdat, arian, Oly champ, assgnd by Valens, w Goths Valens threat, Goths revolt, R withdraw
Armenia, 374-378, Client King, Varazdat; (flourished 4th century) was a king of Arsacid Armenia from 374 until 378.[1] from Middle Persian waraz meaning "boar" combined with Middle Persian datan "to give", the name Varazdat roughly means "given by boars" or "giver of boars,"[2] a boar being a symbol for valor and fierceness. & early life was the nephew and successor of the previous Arsacid Armenian king Papas (Pap)[3] who reigned from 370 until 374. According to Saint Mesrop Mashtots, the priest and historiographer of the Catholicos Nerses the Great, names the father of Varazdat as Anob, while the identity of the mother of Varazdat is unknown. The father of Varazdat, Anob who was an Arsacid prince was the older paternal half-brother of Papas. Also, according to Faustus of Byzantium (Book IV, Chapter 37), Varazdat proclaims himself as the nephew of Papas and the historian reveals Varazdat's relations to the Armenian Arsacids. Hence the paternal grandfather of Varazdat was the Arsacid monarch Arsaces II (Arshak II), who ruled as Roman client king of Armenia from 350 until 368 as his paternal grandmother was an unnamed woman whom Arsaces II married prior to his Armenian kingship, who died before the year 358. Little is known of his early life. at Olympic Games before his Armenian kingship, Varazdat participated in the Olympic Games in Greece. He is often regarded as one of the last competitors in the Ancient Olympic Games.[4] Varazdat's victory in the bare-knuckle boxing event (pugilat) is recorded in Moses of Chorene's History of Armenia (3.40). Since he reigned from 374 until 378, conjecture places his victory in the 360s.[5] Varazdat is the second recorded Armenian to participate in the Olympic Games, while the first was his ancestor Tiridates III of Armenia, before he served in his Armenian kingship.[6] Varazdat's victory is also known from a surviving memorandum which is now kept at the Olympic Museum in Olympia, Greece.[6] to the "Chronicle of Eusebius," the Olympic Games were banned in 394 by Emperor Theodosius as pagan. Accurate evidence of the latest games are missing: it is believed that the 293rd Olympic Games did not take place. Thus, the Armenian king Varazdat was one of the last winners of the ancient games.[7] initiative from the Armenian National Olympic Committee on May 8, 1998 a statue bust of Varazdat was installed at the International Olympic Academy in Olympia, Greece.[8] The sculptor of Varazdat's statue bust was Levon Tokmajyan.[8] to the Arsacid throne the assassination of his uncle Papa, Roman emperor Valens sent Varazdat, who as a young man was highly reputed for his mental and physical gifts, to occupy the Armenian throne. At that time, Varazdat had been living in Rome for an unknown period of time. Varazdat began to rule under the regency of Musel I Mamikonian, whose family were pro-Roman. Sasanian emperor Shapur II, having failed on the battlefield, now proposed to Valens in 375 that Armenia which he called the perpetual source of trouble, be evacuated or that Roman forces be withdrawn from the western part of Caucasian Iberia ruled by Sauromaces.[9] emperor rejected the proposal but sent two legates, the magister equitum Victor Magistrianus and Urbicius the dux of Mesopotamia to the Persian king to discuss the question. II was told that his demands were unjust because the inhabitants of Armenia had been granted the right to live according to their decisions.[10] Shapur II was also told that unless Roman troops assigned to protect the Iberian king in the west were allowed to pass unhindered, Shapur II would be forced into war with Rome. was confident of this threat because he was counting on filling the ranks of his army with auxiliaries from the Goths that he had permitted to settle in Thrace. two legates made a blunder during their return trip by accepting two regions (Asthianene and Belabitene) under Roman rule without proper authorization. gave Shapur II a new bargaining chip to revive negotiations and in late 376 he sent Suren with an embassy offering Valens these two regions illegally accepted by the legates in exchange for Roman concessions. was sent back with the message that Rome was unwilling to negotiate and would launch a tripartite invasion of Persia the following spring in 377.[9] II responded by seizing back Asthianene and Belabitene and harassed the Roman troops in western Iberia. Goths revolted in early 377 and Valens was forced to negotiate, eventually withdrawing Roman forces from Armenia in order to use them against the Goths. Valens himself died fighting the Goths in August 378 during the Battle of Adrianople. like his uncle, aggressively promoted Arian Christianity.[11] and banishment situation in Armenia deteriorated even further. Sometime after the withdrawal of the Roman forces, Varazdat killed the regent Mushegh Mamikonian. vacant position of sparapet was quickly filled by Manuel Mamikonian who had served under Shapur II in the most recent Kushan war. took up arms against Varazdat and forced him to flee from Armenia in 378, after four years of reign. Varazdat sought refuge in Rome.[9] together with Papas' widow Zarmandukht, and their first son Arsaces III (Arshak III) formed a new provisional government allied with Persia. II garrisoned a 10,000 man army in Armenia under Suren, much like Valens in 377. Eventually Manuel revolted against Persia and defended Armenian sovereignty against both Rome and Persia throughout the 380s until his death.[9] sent Varazdat to the British Isles.[12] Varazdat most probably died in exile and the date of his death is unknown.

Armenia, 378-387, Arshak III, last Roman (Byz) Client King of Armenia, Mamikonian govt, arian
Armenia, 378-387, Client King, Arshak III; III,[1] also known as Arsaces III, Arsak III[2] and Arshak III-Vagharshak[3] (flourished 4th century – died 387), was a prince who served as a Roman client king of Arsacid Armenia from 378 until 387. III is often known as the last serving Roman client king of Armenia. During his reign, the part of Armenia that Arshak III governed was under Roman rule from the Peace of Acilisene. and early life III was the first-born son of the previous Roman client Armenian King Papas (Pap), who reigned from 370 until 374, and his wife, the Armenian noblewoman called Zarmandukht.[4] He had a younger brother[5] called Vologases. His known grandparents, both from his paternal side, were the previous ruling Arsacid monarchs Arsaces II (Arshak II) and his wife Pharantzem.[6] III was named in honor of his late paternal grandfather; several of his Parthian, Pontian and Armenian ancestors ruled with this name as King. Arshak III was born at an unknown date during his father's reign and was raised in Armenia. Following the assassination of his father in 374, as Arshak III and his brother were too young to rule, the Roman emperor Valens sent their paternal first cousin Varasdates (Varazdat) to occupy the Armenian throne. Their cousin, who was a young man highly reputed for his mental and physical gifts, had lived in Rome for an unknown period of time. Varasdates began his rule under the regency of Mushegh I Mamikonian, whose family were pro-Roman. to the Throne 378, following the failed reign of Varasdates and the murder of his regent Mushegh Mamikonian, the brother of Mushegh, Manuel Mamikonian,[7] filled his late brother's position of Sparapet. Manuel bore a grudge against the Armenian king, and raised a military force which drove Varasdates out of Armenia[8] and back to Rome. He then raised Arshak III and Vologases to the throne as co-kings of Armenia, under the nominal regency of their mother Zarmandukht.[9] end the political anarchy in the country, as Manuel was now the powerful regent-in-charge of Armenia, he married Arsaces III to his daughter Vardandukht[10] and Vologases to the daughter of Sahak from the Bagratuni Dynasty.[11] Mamikonian government brought peace and stability to Armenia, as Manuel guided the country wisely.[12] Manuel treated Arshak III, Vologases and Zarmandukht with honor.[13] He brought up Arshak III and Vologases[14] and nurtured them as if they were his own children.[15] III, like his paternal ancestors, aggressively pursued policies based on Christian Arianism.[16] In 386, Vologases died without leaving an heir and Arshak III became the sole ruler of Armenia. As Manuel Mamikonian died at the same time as Vologases did, the authority of Arshak III became lessened by the Sassanid invasions from Persia of Armenia. In 387, the last year of his kingship, Arshak III resided in Ekeleac’, also known as Ekeghiats, in Western Armenia,[17] as he then ruled only Western Armenia along a line from Erzurum to Mush. Later that year Arshak died without leaving an heir. Western Armenia was annexed to and became a province of the Byzantine Empire. Eastern Armenia was annexed by the Sassanid Empire and the subsequent ruling Arsacid monarchs in Eastern Armenia became client kings of Armenia under Sassanid rule.

Armenia, 379-440, Theodolous, Eparch oConstantinople, Stylite oEdessa, resigned position, gave wealth, ate once aWeek as Stylite
Armenia, 379-440, Theodolous, Eparch oConstantinople, Stylite oEdessa, Armenia (Intersection and Euphrates River 3), resigned position, gave wealth tPoor, became monk, ate once aWeek as Stylite; Edessa, Syria; St Theodoulus the Eparch of Constantinople, Commemorated December 3 ; Theodoulus was an eparch during the reign of Theodosius the Great. resigned his position because he did not want to be distracted by vain worldly cares. his wife’s death, Saint Theodoulus gave his wealth away to the poor and became a monk. traveled to Edessa and lived on top of a pillar for thirty years, eating only once a week. Theodoulus the Stylite departed to the Lord around 440.

Armenia, 386-412, Saints Barnabas and Sophronius of Sumela Monastery, founded by them, from Athens
Sumela Monastery, Mt Mela near Trebizond; It is not known when the monastery was founded, but the Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism places the date around AD 386, during the reign of the emperor Theodosius I (375–395).[7][8] According to William Miller, two Athenian monks named Barnabas and Sophronios founded the monastery. It became famous for an icon of the Theotokos known as the Panagia Gorgoepekoos, said to have been painted by the Apostle Luke.[9] Saints Barnabas and Sophronius of Asia Minor, Commemorated on August 18; Barnabas and his nephew Sophronius were Athenians who lived on Mount Mela near Trebizond in Asia Minor. They died in the year 412.

Armenia, 386-412, Directress Icon, aMela Monastery, Mt Mela near Trebizond, Apostle Luke iconographer, AKA Panagia Gorgoepekoos
Armenia, 386-412, Directress Icon, at Mela Monastery, Mt Mela near Trebizond, Apostle Luke the iconographer, AKA Panagia Gorgoepekoos; Armenia, 386-412, Directress Icon, at Mela Monastery, Mt Mela near Trebizond, Apostle Luke the iconographer, AKA Panagia Gorgoepekoos; Panagia Hodegetria or "Directress" icon depicts the Virgin Mary presenting her son on her left arm to the viewer and with her hand she is gesturing towards him, pointing to Christ as 'The Way'. on the other hand, has his right hand raised in a gesture of blessing with the index and middle fingers joined (to refer to the two natures of Christ) and his thumb locks over the other fingers (to signify the Holy Trinity). term 'Hodegetria' is Greek and translates to 'the One who Shows the Way'. In this icon, although the Virgin Mary is the largest subject, the principal image in the icon is Christ. His presence is like that of an adult. features of the Hodegetria include the starburst on one or both shoulders and on the part of the blue mantle that covers the forehead. fringe on the mantle indicates imperial status, as does the throne that is occasionally included in the image. Virgin Mary's frontal gaze is also a key feature of the Hodegetria type. odd letters on the left and right and level with the top of the Virgin's head appear to be an adaptation of the usual inscription that occupies this position in other Hodegetrias: "MP θY" -- the first and last Greek letters of the Greek words for "Mother of God." name Hodegetria also refers to the Hodegon Monastery in Constantinople, which has such an icon. Sumela Monastery, Mt Mela near Trebizond; It is not known when the monastery was founded, but the Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism places the date around AD 386, during the reign of the emperor Theodosius I (375–395).[7][8] According to William Miller, two Athenian monks named Barnabas and Sophronios founded the monastery. It became famous for an icon of the Theotokos known as the Panagia Gorgoepekoos, said to have been painted by the Apostle Luke.[9] Directress Icon of the Mother of God, Commemorated on August 18; Hodegetria (or “Directress”) Icon of the Mother of God. to Tradition, this icon in the Mela monastery near Trebizond was painted by the Evangelist Luke.

Armenia, 397, John Chrysostom, Pontus, City of Pontus, Pontine, Armenia
Eupatoria (Pontus); St John Chrysostom the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated on November 13; the Capital after 397----The saint’s zeal in spreading the Christian Faith extended not only to the inhabitants of Constantinople, but also to Thrace to include Slavs and Goths, and to Asia Minor and the Pontine region. He established a bishop for the Bosphorus Church in the Crimea. John Chrysostom, Archbishop of Constantinople, one of the Three Hierarchs [January 30], was born at Antioch in about the year 347 into the family of a military commander. father, Secundus, died soon after the birth of his son. mother, Anthusa, widowed at twenty years of age, did not seek to remarry but rather devoted all her efforts to the raising of her son in Christian piety. youth studied under the finest philosophers and rhetoricians. scorning the vain disciplines of pagan knowledge, the future hierarch turned himself to the profound study of Holy Scripture and prayerful contemplation. Meletius, Bishop of Antioch (February 12), loved John like a son, guided him in the Faith, and in the year 367 baptized him. three years John was tonsured as a Reader. When Saint Meletius had been sent into exile by the emperor Valens in the year 372, John and Theodore (afterwards Bishop of Mopsuestia) studied under the experienced instructors of ascetic life, the presbyters Flavian and Diodorus of Tarsus. highly refined Diodorus had particular influence upon the youth. John’s mother died, he embraced monasticism, which he called the “true philosophy.” John and his friend Basil were being considered as candidates for the episcopal office, and they decided to withdraw into the wilderness to avoid this. While Saint John avoided the episcopal rank out of humility, he secretly assisted in Basil’s consecration. this period Saint John wrote his “Six Discourses on the Priesthood,” a great work of Orthodox pastoral theology. saint spent four years struggling in the wilderness, living the ascetic life under the guidance of an experienced spiritual guide. here he wrote three books entitled, “Against the Opponents of Those Attracted to the Monastic Life”, and a collection entitled, “A Comparison of the Monk with the Emperor” (also known as “Comparison of Imperial Power, Wealth and Eminence, with the True and Christian Wisdom-Loving Monastic Life”), both works which are marked by a profound reflection of the worthiness of the monastic vocation. two years, the saint lived in a cave in complete silence, but was obliged to return to Antioch to recover his health. Meletius, the Bishop of Antioch, ordained him deacon in the year 381. following years were devoted to work on new theological writings: “Concerning Providence” (“To the Ascetic Stagirios”), “Book Concerning Virginity,” “To a Young Widow” (2 discourses), and the “Book of Saint Babylos, and Against Julian and the Pagans.” the year 386 Saint John was ordained presbyter by Bishop Flavian of Antioch. John was a splendid preacher, and his inspired words earned him the name “Golden-Mouthed” (“Chrysostom”). twelve years the saint preached in church, usually twice a week, but sometimes daily, deeply stirring the hearts of his listeners. his pastoral zeal to provide Christians with a better understanding of Holy Scripture, Saint John employed hermeneutics, an interpretation and analysis of the Word of God (i.e. exegesis). Among his exegetical works are commentaries on entire books of the Holy Scripture (Genesis, the Psalter, the Gospels of Matthew and John, the Epistles of the Apostle Paul), and also many homilies on individual texts of the Holy Bible, but also instructions on the Feastdays, laudations on the Saints, and also apologetic (i.e. defensive) homilies (against Anomoeans, Judaizers and pagans). a priest, Saint John zealously fulfilled the Lord’s command to care for the needy. Under Saint John, the Antiochian Church provided sustenance each day to as many as 3,000 virgins and widows, not including in this number the shut-ins, wanderers and the sick. John began his commentary on Genesis at the beginning of Great Lent in 388, preaching thirty-two homilies during the forty day period. During Holy Week he spoke of how Christ was betrayed, and about the Cross. During Bright Week, his pastoral discourse was devoted to the Resurrection. His exegesis of the Book of Genesis was concluded only at the end of October (388). Pascha in the following year (389) the saint began his homilies on the Gospel of John, and toward the end of the year 389 he took up the Gospel of Matthew. the year 391 the Christians of Antioch listened to his commentary on the Epistles of the holy Apostle Paul to the Romans and to the Corinthians. 393 he explained the Epistles to the Galatians, the Ephesians, Timothy, Titus, and the Psalms. In his homily on the Epistle to the Ephesians, Saint John denounced a schism in Antioch, “I tell you and I witness before you, that to tear asunder the Church means nothing less than to fall into heresy. The Church is the house of the heavenly Father, one Body and one Spirit.” fame of the holy preacher grew, and in the year 397 with the death of Archbishop Nectarius of Constantinople, successor to Saint Gregory the Theologian, Saint John Chrysostom was summoned from Antioch, and elected to the See of Constantinople. the capital, the holy archpastor was not able to preach as often as he had at Antioch. Many matters awaited the saint’s attention, and he began with the most important -- the spiritual perfection of the priesthood. He himself was the best example of this. The financial means apportioned for the archbishop were channeled by the saint into the upkeep of several hospices for the sick and two hostels for pilgrims. He fasted strictly and ate very little food, and usually refused invitations to dine because of his delicate stomach. saint’s zeal in spreading the Christian Faith extended not only to the inhabitants of Constantinople, but also to Thrace to include Slavs and Goths, and to Asia Minor and the Pontine region. established a bishop for the Bosphorus Church in the Crimea. John sent off zealous missionaries to Phoenicia, to Persia, and to the Scythians, to convert pagans to Christ. also wrote letters to Syria to bring back the Marcionites into the Church, and he accomplished this. Preserving the unity of the Church, the saint would not permit a powerful Gothic military commander, who wanted the emperor to reward his bravery in battle, to open an Arian church at Constantinople. saint exerted much effort in enhancing the splendor of the church services: he compiled a Liturgy, he introduced antiphonal singing for the all-night Vigil, and he wrote several prayers for the rite of anointing the sick with oil. saintly hierarch denounced the dissolute morals of people in the capital, especially at the imperial court, irrespective of person. When the empress Eudoxia connived to confiscate the last properties of the widow and children of a disgraced dignitary, the saint rose to their defense. The arrogant empress would not relent, and nursed a grudge against the archpastor. ’s hatred of the saint blazed forth anew when malefactors told her that the saint apparently had her in mind during his sermon on vain women. A court was convened composed of hierarchs who had been justly condemned by Chrysostom: Theophilus of Alexandria, Bishop Severian of Gabala, who had been banished from the capital because of improprieties, and others. court of judgment declared Saint John deposed, and that he be executed for his insult to the empress. The emperor decided on exile instead of execution. An angry crowd gathered at the church, resolved to defend their pastor. In order to avoid a riot, Saint John submitted to the authorities. very night there was an earthquake at Constantinople. The terrified Eudoxia urgently requested the emperor to bring the saint back, and promptly sent a letter to the banished pastor, beseeching him to return. Once more, in the capital church, the saint praised the Lord in a short talk, “For All His Ways.” slanderers fled to Alexandria. But after only two months a new denunciation provoked the wrath of Eudoxia. In March 404, an unjust council was convened, decreeing the exile of Saint John. Upon his removal from the capital, a fire reduced the church of Hagia Sophia and also the Senate building to ashes. Devastating barbarian incursions soon followed, and Eudoxia died in October 404. Even pagans regarded these events as God’s punishment for the unjust judgment against the saint. Armenia, the saint strove all the more to encourage his spiritual children. In numerous letters (245 are preserved) to bishops in Asia, Africa, Europe and particularly to his friends in Constantinople, Saint John consoled the suffering, guiding and giving support to his followers. In the winter of 406 Saint John was confined to his bed with sickness, but his enemies were not to be appeased. From the capital came orders to transfer Saint John to desolate Pityus in Abkhazia on the Black Sea. Worn out by sickness, the saint began his final journey under military escort, traveling for three months in the rain and frost. He never arrived at his place of exile, for his strength failed him at Comana. the crypt of Saint Basiliscus (May 22), Saint John was comforted by a vision of the martyr, who said, “Despair not, brother John! Tomorrow we shall be together.” After receiving the Holy Mysteries, the hierarch fell asleep in the Lord on September 14, 407. His last words were, “Glory to God for all things!” holy relics of Saint John Chrysostom were solemnly transferred to Constantinople in the year 438. The disciple of Saint John, the venerable Isidore of Pelusium (February 4), wrote: “The house of David is grown strong, and the house of Saul enfeebled. He is victor over the storms of life, and has entered into heavenly repose.” he died on September 14, Saint John’s celebration was transferred to this day because of the Feast of the Elevation of the Holy Cross. Saint John Chrysostom is also celebrated on January 27 and January 30.

Armenia, 397-473, Euthymius tGreat, fMelitene (Intersection Road from Ephesus and Euphrates River 2)
Jerusalem, 397-473, Euthymius tGreat, Tharan High Point, f Melitene Armenia, noble birth, parents childless dedicated him, vision&voice good cheer tChurches, so named Euthymius, given uncle Eudoxius fEd, tMetilene Bishop Eutroius, soon made Reader, later monk&priest, supervised all M monasteries, especially Polyeuctus m, tWilderness during Lent, but desired stillness, tJerusalem, kissed shrines then visited Desert Fathers, solitary cell Tharan Lavra, weaving baskets, near Theoctistus, shared soul, same zeal, each year tCoutila near Jerico, together found cave steep cliff, settled there, by Shepherds Lord revealed many came, monk community, E made T Igumen, E taught obedience, humility, mindful oDeath, fear judgement eternal fire, seek heavenly kingdom, physical labor while God thoughts, alms, sacrifice tGod, no depend oStrangers, silence iChurch&Meals, cut off own will, fast appointed time, no attract attention, these years many Arabs baptized, Saracen leaders Aspebet &Son Terebon, healed, people came fEverywhere, he cured them, but to avoid fame took Dometian tRouba desert Mt Marda Dead Sea, explored wilderness oZiph, settled David's cave, fonded m beside D's cave, built church, converted many Manichean heresy monks, healed&Delivered, for silence returned T's m, on the way found quiet level place on a hill, remained there, future site E's Lavra, cave cell &grave, T wanted him at T's monastery, but only agreed Sunday services, wanted seclustion but Lord's vision commanded accept those who came, organized Lavra like Tharan L, poor at first but Jerusalem Patriarch Juvenal supplied presbyters (priests) & Deacons, E believed God wProvide, 400 Armenians came on way to Jordan, E ordered steward feed them, s said not enough food, E insisted, plenty food & remained undimished 3 months, obstinate monk Auxentius refused his obedience, E shouted he be rewarded for his insubordination, Deamon siezed A, threw him to ground, brothers asked E to help, he delivered him, he asked forgiveness promised to correct, E said Obedience is a great virtue, Lord loves it more than sacrifice, disobedience leads to death, two brothers resolved to flee, E had vision they ensnared bDevil, told them never admit thoughts hating place, suggesting other place, its not place but faith and firm will for success, many transplanted tree will not bear fruit, 431 3rd EC iEphesus, for Nestorian heresy, E rejoiced Orthodoxy affirmed but grieved Antioch Archbishop defended Nestorius, 451 4th EC iChalcedon, for Dioscorus heresy, asserted Jesus only one nature, the divine, monophysite, that at incarnaton his human nature swollowed up by his divine nature, when E accepted 4th C decisions as Orthodox news spread quickly following E, so called E the Great, E went to Inner Desert for awhile, after return fire descended fHeaven &encircled him Divine Litergy, plus E said he often saw an Angel celebrating with him, E's clairvoyance gift, discern thoughts spiritual state from outward appearance, during divine litergy, at 82 Savva came, foretold Savva would outshine his other disciples, when E 90 Theoctistus became ill, with him aDeath, God told E Time oDeath, told his priests, because Lord calling him from earthly life, next day began instructing them, if you love me keep my commandments, love is hightest virtue and bond oPerfectness, every virtue made secure by love&humility, Lord humbled himself became man, so we ought praise him unceasingly, expecially since monks escape worldly distractions, preserve souls in purity, correct console instruct brethern, so not fall to devil's snares, never refuse hospitality, offer a bed, give whatever you can, Then he promised always to be with them in spirit, and those who followed them, Then he dismissed all but Dometian, remained at altar 3days, died Jan 20 473; Malatya; Venerable Euthymius the Great, Commemorated on January 20; Euthymius the Great came from the city of Melitene in Armenia, near the River Euphrates. parents, Paul and Dionysia, were pious Christians of noble birth. many years of marriage they remained childless, and in their sorrow they entreated God to give them offspring. they had a vision and heard a voice saying, “Be of good cheer! God will grant you a son, who will bring joy to the churches.” child was named Euthymius (“good cheer”). Euthymius’ father died soon after this, and his mother, fulfilling her vow to dedicate her son to God, gave him to her brother, the priest Eudoxius, to be educated. presented the child to Bishop Eutroius of Melitene, who accepted him with love. his good conduct, the bishop soon made him a Reader. Euthymius later became a monk and was ordained to the holy priesthood. the same time, he was entrusted with the supervision of all the city monasteries. Euthymius often visited the monastery of Saint Polyeuctus, during Great Lent he withdrew into the wilderness. responsibility for the monasteries weighed heavily upon the ascetic, and conflicted with his desire for stillness, he secretly left the city and headed to Jerusalem. venerating the holy shrines, he visited the Fathers in the desert. there was a solitary cell in the Tharan lavra, he settled into it, earning his living by weaving baskets. his neighbor Saint Theoctistus (September 3) also lived in asceticism. shared the same zeal for God and for spiritual struggles, and each strove to attain what the other desired. had such love for one another that they seemed to share one soul and one will. year, after the Feast of Theophany, they withdrew into the desert of Coutila (not far from Jericho). day, they entered a steep and terrifying gorge with a stream running through it. They saw a cave upon a cliff, and settled there. Lord, however, soon revealed their solitary place for the benefit of many people. driving their flocks came upon the cave and saw the monks. went back to the village and told people about the ascetics living there. seeking spiritual benefit began to visit the hermits and brought them food. a monastic community grew up around them. monks came from the Tharan monastery, among them Marinus and Luke. Euthymius entrusted the supervision of the growing monastery to his friend Theoctistus. Euthymius exhorted the brethren to guard their thoughts. “Whoever desires to lead the monastic life should not follow his own will. He should be obedient and humble, and be mindful of the hour of death. He should fear the judgment and eternal fire, and seek the heavenly Kingdom.” saint taught young monks to fix their thoughts on God while engaging in physical labor. “If laymen work in order to feed themselves and their families, and to give alms and offer sacrifice to God, are not we as monks obliged to work to sustain ourselves and to avoid idleness? should not depend on strangers.” saint demanded that the monks keep silence in church during services and at meals. he saw young monks fasting more than others, he told them to cut off their own will, and to follow the appointed rule and times for fasting. urged them not to attract attention to their fasting, but to eat in moderation. these years Saint Euthymius converted and baptized many Arabs. them were the Saracen leaders Aspebet and his son Terebon, of whom Saint Euthymius healed of sickness. received the name Peter in Baptism and afterwards he was a bishop among the Arabs. of the miracles performed by Saint Euthymius spread quickly. People came from everywhere to be healed of their ailments, and he cured them. to bear human fame and glory, the monk secretly left the monastery, taking only his closest disciple Dometian with him. He withdrew into the Rouba desert and settled on Mt. Marda, near the Dead Sea. his quest for solitude, the saint explored the wilderness of Ziph and settled in the cave where David once hid from King Saul. Euthymius founded a monastery beside David’s cave, and built a church. During this time Saint Euthymius converted many monks from the Manichean heresy, he also healed the sick and cast out devils. disturbed the tranquillity of the wilderness. he loved silence, the saint decided to return to the monastery of Saint Theoctistus. the way they found a quiet level place on a hill, and he remained there. would become the site of Saint Euthymius’ lavra, and a little cave served as his cell, and then as his grave. Theoctistus went with his brethren to Saint Euthymius and requested him to return to the monastery, the monk did not agree to this. he did promise to attend Sunday services at the monastery. Euthymius did not wish to have anyone nearby, nor to organize a cenobium or a lavra. Lord commanded him in a vision not to drive away those who came to him for the salvation of their souls. some time brethren again gathered around him, and he organized a lavra, on the pattern of the Tharan Lavra. the year 429, when Saint Euthymius was fifty-two years old, Patriarch Juvenal of Jerusalem consecrated the lavra church supplied it with presbyters and deacons. lavra was poor at first, the saint believed that God would provide for His servants. about 400 Armenians on their way to the Jordan came to the lavra. this, Saint Euthymius called the steward and ordered him to feed the pilgrims. steward said that there was not enough food in the monastery. Euthymius, however, insisted. to the storeroom where the bread was kept, the steward found a large quantity of bread, and the wine casks and oil jars were also filled. pilgrims ate their fill, and for three months afterwards the door of the storeroom could not be shut because of the abundace of bread. food remained undiminished, just like the widow of Zarephath’s barrel of meal and cruse of oil (1/3 Kings 17:8-16). the monk Auxentius refused to carry out his assigned obedience. Despite the fact that Saint Euthymius summoned him and urged him to comply, he remained obstinate. saint then shouted loudly, “You will be rewarded for your insubordination.” demon seized Auxentius and threw him to the ground. brethren asked Abba Euthymius to help him, and then the saint healed the unfortunate one, who came to himself, asked forgiveness and promised to correct himself. “Obedience,” said Saint Euthymius, “is a great virtue. The Lord loves obedience more than sacrifice, but disobedience leads to death.” of the brethren became overwhelmed by the austere life in the monastery of Saint Euthymius, and they resolved to flee. Euthymius saw in a vision that they would be ensnared by the devil. summoned them and admonished them to abandon their destructive intention. said, “We must never admit evil thoughts that fill us with sorrow and hatred for the place in which we live, and suggest that we go somewhere else. someone tries to do something good in the place where he lives but fails to complete it, he should not think that he will accomplish it elsewhere. is not the place that produces success, but faith and a firm will. A tree which is often transplanted does not bear fruit.” the year 431, the Third Ecumenical Council was convened in Ephesus to combat the Nestorian heresy. Euthymius rejoiced over the affirmation of Orthodoxy, was grieved about Archbishop John of Antioch who defended Nestorius. the year 451 the Fourth Ecumenical Council met in Chalcedon to condemn the heresy of Dioscorus in contrast to Nestorius, asserted that in the Lord Jesus Christ there is only one nature, divine (thus the heresy was called Monophysite). taught that in the Incarnation, Christ’s human nature is swallowed up by the divine nature. Euthymius accepted the decisions of the Council of Chalcedon and he acknowledged it as Orthodox. of this spread quickly among the monks and hermits. Many of them, who had previously believed wrongly, accepted the decisions of the Council of Chalcedon because of the example of Saint Euthymius. of his ascetic life and firm confession of the Orthodox Faith, Saint Euthymius is called “the Great.” by contact with the world, the holy abba went for a time into the inner desert. his return to the lavra some of the brethren saw that when he celebrated the Divine Liturgy, fire descended from Heaven and encircled the saint. Euthymius himself revealed to several of the monks that often he saw an angel celebrating the Holy Liturgy with him. saint had the gift of clairvoyance, and he could discern a person’s thoughts and spiritual state from his outward appearance. the monks received the Holy Mysteries, the saint knew who approached worthily, and who received unworthily. Saint Euthymius was 82 years old, the young Savva (the future Saint Savva the Sanctified, December 5), came to his lavra. Elder received him with love and sent him to the monastery of Saint Theoctistus. foretold that Saint Savva would outshine all his other disciples in virtue. the saint was ninety years of age, his companion and fellow monk Theoctistus became grievously ill. Euthymius went to visit his friend and remained at the monastery for several days. took leave of him and was present at his end. burying his body in a grave, he returned to the lavra. revealed to Saint Euthymius the time of his death. the eve of the Feast of Saint Anthony the Great (January 17) Saint Euthymius gave the blessing to serve the all-night Vigil. the service ended, he took the priests aside and told them that he would never serve another Vigil with them, because the Lord was calling him from this earthly life. were filled with great sadness, the saint asked the brethren to meet him in church in the morning. He began to instruct them, “If you love me, keep my commandments (John 14:15). is the highest virtue, and the bond of perfectness (Col. 3:14). virtue is made secure by love and humility. Lord humbled Himself because of His Love for us and became man. we ought to praise Him unceasingly, especially since we monks have escaped worldly distractions and concerns.” “Look to yourselves, and preserve your souls and bodies in purity. Do not fail to attend the church services, and keep the traditions and rules of our community. one of the brethren struggles with unclean thoughts, correct, console, and instruct him, so that he does not fall into the devil’s snares. refuse hospitality to visitors. Offer a bed to every stranger. Give whatever you can to help the poor in their misfortune.” having given instructions for the guidance of the brethren, the saint promised always to remain in spirit with them and with those who followed them in his monastery. Euthymius then dismissed everyone but his disciple Dometian. He remained in the altar for three days, then died on January 20, 473 at the age of ninety-seven. multitude of monks from all the monasteries and from the desert came to the lavra for the holy abba’s burial, whom was Saint Gerasimus. Patriarch Anastasius also came with his clergy, well as the Nitrian monks Martyrius and Elias, who later became Patriarchs of Jerusalem, Saint Euthymius had foretold. remained by the grave of his Elder for six days. the seventh day, he saw the holy abba in glory, beckoning to his disciple. “Come, my child, the Lord Jesus Christ wants you to be with me.” telling the brethren about the vision, Dometian went to church and joyfully surrendered his soul to God. was buried beside Saint Euthymius. relics of Saint Euthymius remained at his monastery in Palestine, the Russian pilgrim Igumen Daniel saw them in the twelfth century.

Armenia, 399-501, Stylianus oPaphlagonia Region, gave fortune, monastery jealousy, cave, child healings, S icon, divine light
Armenia, 399-501, Paphlagonia Region, Pontaine, Armenia (Gangra River, lower Kizilirmak River drainage), gave fortune, Monastery, jealousy, cave, sought after, child healings, S icon painted each time, death time divine light; Paphlagonia Region; Venerable Alypius the Stylite of Adrianopolis, Commemorated on November 26 ; Venerable Stylianus of Paphlagonia, Commemorated on November 26 ; Stylianus was born in Paphlagonia of Asia Minor sometime between the fourth and sixth centuries. inherited a great fortune from his parents when they died, but he did not keep it. He gave it away to the poor according to their need, desiring to help those who were less fortunate. left the city and went to a monastery, where he devoted his life to God. he was more zealous and devout than the other monks, he provoked their jealousy and had to leave. left the monastery to live alone in a cave in the wilderness, where he spent his time in prayer and fasting. goodness and piety of the saint soon became evident to the inhabitants of Paphlagonia, and they sought him out to hear his teaching, or to be cured by him. Many were healed of physical and mental illnesses by his prayers. Stylianus was known for his love of children, and he would heal them of their infirmities. after his death, the citizens of Paphlagonia believed that he could cure their children. Whenever a child became sick, an icon of Saint Stylianus was painted and was hung over the child’s bed. the hour of his death, the face of Saint Stylianus suddenly became radiant, and an angel appeared to receive his soul. as a protector of children, Saint Stylianus is depicted in iconography holding an infant in his arms. Pious Christians ask him to help and protect their children, and childless women entreat his intercession so that they might have children.

Armenia, 400-499, 5th Century Folder, Conquered by Persia, Queen Shushanik

Armenia, 407-460, Kanides, Cappadocia, attracted tSolitary life as small child, age 7 lived iCave, one meal per week, age 73
Armenia, 407-460, St Kanides, Cappadocia, Armenia (Central Anatolia), mother no fatty foods, attracted tSolitary life as small child, age 7 lived iCave, fasting Praying, one meal per week, uncooked vegetables, hair fell out dampness oCave, age 73 Cappadocia; Saint Kanides the Monk of Cappadocia, Commemorated on June 10; Kanides was born during the reign of Emperor Theodosios the Great (ca. 379). was the son of godly parents, Theodotos and Theophano, lived in Cappadocia. to Tradition, the Saint’s mother did not eat any fatty foods during the nine months when she was pregnant; and even when the saint was still a child, she was careful about what she ate. he was yet a small child, he became attracted to the solitary life, at the age of seven he went to a mountain where he lived in a cave, fasting and praying. is said that he ate only one meal of uncooked vegetables per week. of the great dampness of this cave, all the hair of his head and his beard fell out. living an ascetical and righteous life, he reposed in peace at the age of seventy-three, in the year 460.

Armenia, 420-480, Daniel t Stylite, Samosata, Armenia (Euphrates River 3), Stylite Simeon visited, prophecy his S, Thrace w
Syria, 420-480, Daniel the Stylite, Samosata, Armenia (Euphrates River 3), mother dedicated him, after 5 yrs received name, left for manastery at 12, angelic garb, Stylite Simeon visited, prophecy his S, ascetic life, S place vision, Thrace wilderness, on p 33 yrs, healing, prayers for B Emperors, great fire prophecy, gracious words, 80 yrs; Samosata; Venerable Daniel the Stylite of Constantinople, Commemorated on December 11 ; Daniel the Stylite was born in the village of Bethara, near the city of Samosata in Mesopotamia. mother Martha was childless for a long while and in her prayers she vowed that if she had a child, she would dedicate him to the Lord. Her prayers were heard, and Martha soon gave birth to a son, who was without a name until he was five years of age. boy’s parents desired that since he was born through the good-will of God, he should also receive his name from God. took their son to a monastery located nearby and approached the igumen. The igumen gave orders to take down one of the service books, and unrolled it at random. He found the Prophet Daniel (December 17) mentioned in it. Thus did the boy receive his name. parents asked that he might remain at the monastery, but the igumen would not accept him, since he was still only a small boy. At twelve years of age, saying nothing to anyone, the child left home for the monastery. parents were happy when they learned where their son was, and they went to the monastery. Seeing that he was still going about in his worldly clothes, they besought that the igumen should clothe him in the angelic garb. That Sunday the igumen fulfilled their request, but permitted them often to visit their son. The brethren of the monastery were astonished at the saint’s ascetical efforts. Saint Simeon the Stylite (September 1) visited the monastery. He foretold to the young monk that he too would undertake the feat of pillar-dwelling. Daniel continued with his ascetic life in seclusion. the place of a new exploit was revealed to him in a vision, he withdrew into the Thracian wilderness together with two disciples. They set up a pillar, upon which Saint Daniel dwelt for 33 years. thronged to the pillar, the unfortunate and those who were sick, and all received help and healing from Saint Daniel. emperors also sought the prayers of the holy ascetic. most notable of the saint’s predictions was about a great fire in Constantinople. Saint Daniel possessed also the gift of gracious words. He guided many onto the path of correcting their lives. The monk reposed in his eightieth year.

Armenia, 428, Conquered by Persia
Great Armenia, Kingdom of Armenia was bordered by Caucasian Albania in the east, by Caucasian Iberia in the north, by the Roman Empire in the west and by Parthia, later succeeded by Sassanid Empire. The border between Caucasian Iberia and Kingdom of Armenia was Kur river, which was also the border between Caucasian Albania and Kingdom of Armenia ;

Armenia, 438, Translation relics of Chrysostom, Comana, Armenia to Constantinople, due to Proclus' homily at Hagia Sophia
Armenia, 438, Translation relics of Chrysostom, Comana, Armenia to Constantinople, due to Proclus' homily at Hagia Sophia after 30 yrs.; Comana (Cappadocia); Translation of the relics of St John Chrysostom the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated January 27 ; John Chrysostom, the great ecumenical teacher and hierarch, died in the city of Comana in the year 407 on his way to a place of exile. He had been condemned by the intrigues of the empress Eudoxia because of his daring denunciation of the vices of those ruling over Constantinople. The transfer of his venerable relics was made in the year 438, thirty years after the death of the saint, during the reign of Eudoxia’s son emperor Theodosius II (408-450). John Chrysostom had the warm love and deep respect of the people, and grief over his untimely death lived on in the hearts of Christians. Saint John’s disciple, Saint Proclus, Patriarch of Constantinople (434-447), during services in the Church of Hagia Sophia, preached a sermon praising Saint John. He said, “O John, your life was filled with sorrow, but your death was glorious. Your grave is blessed and reward is great, by the grace and mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ O graced one, having conquered the bounds of time and place! Love has conquered space, unforgetting memory has annihilated the limits, and place does not hinder the miracles of the saint.” who were present in church, deeply touched by the words of Saint Proclus, did not allow him even to finish his sermon. With one accord they began to entreat the Patriarch to intercede with the emperor, so that the relics of Saint John might be brought back to Constantinople. emperor, overwhelmed by Saint Proclus, gave his consent and gave the order to transfer the relics of Saint John. But those he sent were unable to lift the holy relics until the emperor realized that he had sent men to take the saint’s relics from Comana with an edict, instead of with a prayer. He wrote a letter to Saint John, humbly asking him to forgive his audacity, and to return to Constantinople. After the message was read at the grave of Saint John, they easily took up the relics, carried them onto a ship and arrived at Constantinople. coffin with the relics was placed in the Church of Holy Peace (Hagia Eirene). When Patriarch Proclus opened the coffin, the body of Saint John was found to be incorrupt. The emperor approached the coffin with tears, asking forgiveness for his mother, who had banished Saint John. All day and night people did not leave the coffin. the morning the coffin was brought to the Church of the Holy Apostles. The people cried out, “Father, take up your throne.” Then Patriarch Proclus and the clergy standing by the relics saw Saint John open his mouth and say, “Peace be to all.” Many of the sick were healed at his tomb. celebration of the transfer of the relics of Saint John Chrysostom was established in the ninth century.

Armenia, 443-529, Saint Theodosius the Great, Judea, Cenobiarch, from Cappadocia, Armenia
Jerusalem, 443-529, Saint Theodosius the Great, Judea; St. Christopher of Palestine, Commemorated on August 30;

Armenia, 443-529, Theodosius tGreat, 1st Cenobiarch, fArmenia, settled Magi's cave, defended ECs against heresy
Jerusalem, 443-529, Theodosius the Great, Judea, Cenobiarch, fCappadocia Armenia, splendid voice, church singing reading, early days tJerusalem Holy Land, met Simeon tStylite, wPredicted his service, settled Magi's cave 30 yrs, people came, cave too small, walked wCenser cold charcoal till it lit itself, there place for cenobitic Larva, poor aid, wanderer shelteer, famine relief woNeeding bread, miracle repeated, built home fStrangers, separate infirmaries monks laymen, dying shelter, services 3 languages, all gathered Greek service, Eutychius' heresy during Emperor Anastasius, no sacraments or Clergy, Emperor accepted, orthodox persecution, T's letter tEmperor, E slowed then renewed, T tChurch iJerusalem, whoever does not honor EC's be anathema, tPrison till E's death, during life many miracles healings, prayer destroyed locusts, soldiers sailors saved, predicted Antioch earthquake, foretold time oDeath, died a105; Jerusalem, 443-529, Saint Theodosius the Great, Judea; Venerable Theodosius the Great, the Cenobiarch, Commemorated on January 11; Theodosius the Great lived during the fifth-sixth centuries, was the founder of cenobitic monasticism. was born in Cappadocia of pious parents. with a splendid voice, he zealously toiled at church reading and singing. Theodosius prayed fervently that the Lord would guide him on the way to salvation. his early years he visited the Holy Land and met with Saint Simeon the Stylite (September 1), who blessed him and predicted future pastoral service for him. for the solitary life, Saint Theodosius settled in Palestine into a desolate cave, in which, according to Tradition, the three Magi had spent the night, having come to worship the Savior after His Nativity. lived there for thirty years in great abstinence and unceasing prayer. flocked to the ascetic, wishing to live under his guidance. the cave could no longer hold all the monks, Saint Theodosius prayed that the Lord Himself would indicate a place for the monks. a censer with cold charcoal and incense, the monk started walking into the desert. a certain spot the charcoal ignited by itself and the incense smoke began to rise. the monk established the first cenobitic monastery, or Lavra (meaning “broad” or “populous”). the Lavra of Saint Theodosius became renowned, and up to 700 monks gathered at it. to the final testament of Saint Theodosius, the Lavra rendered service to neighbor, giving aid to the poor and providing shelter for wanderers. Theodosius was extremely compassionate. when there was a famine in Palestine and a multitude of people gathered at the monastery, the monk gave orders to allow everyone into the monastery enclosure. disciples were annoyed, knowing that the monastery did not have the means to feed all those who had come. when they went into the bakery, they saw that through the prayers of the abba, it was filled with bread. miracle was repeated every time Saint Theodosius wanted to help the destitute. the monastery, Saint Theodosius built home for taking in strangers, infirmaries for monks and laymen, also a shelter for the dying. that people from various lands gathered at the Lavra, the saint arranged for services in the various languages: Greek, Georgian and Armenian. gathered to receive the Holy Mysteries in the large church, where divine services were chanted in Greek. the reign of the Byzantine Emperor Anastasius (491-518) there arose the heresy of Eutychius and Severus, recognized neither the sacraments nor the clergy. emperor accepted the false teaching, and the Orthodox began to suffer persecution. Theodosius stood firmly in defense of Orthodoxy and wrote a letter to the emperor on behalf of the monks, in which they denounced him and refuted the heresy with the teachings of the Ecumenical Councils. affirmed moreover, that the desert-dwellers and monks would firmly support the Orthodox teaching. emperor showed restraint for a short while, but then he renewed his persecution of the Orthodox. holy Elder then showed great zeal for the truth. Leaving the monastery, came to Jerusalem and in the church, he stood at the high place and cried out for all to hear: “Whoever does not honor the four Ecumenical Councils, let him be anathema!” this bold deed the monk was sent to prison, but soon returned after the death of the emperor. Theodosius accomplished many healings and other miracles during his life, coming to the aid of the needy. his prayers he once destroyed the locusts devastating the fields in Palestine. by his intercession, soldiers were saved from death, he also saved those perishing in shipwrecks and those lost in the desert. the saint gave orders to strike the semandron (a piece of wood hit with a mallet), so that the brethren would gather at prayer. told them, “The wrath of God draws near the East.” several days it became known that a strong earthquake had destroyed the city of Antioch at the very hour when the saint had summoned the brethren to prayer. his death, Saint Theodosius summoned to him three beloved bishops and revealed to them that he would soon depart to the Lord. three days, he died at the age of 105. saint’s body was buried with reverence in the cave in which he lived at the beginning of his ascetic deeds.

Armenia, 447-502, King Vakhtang Gorgasali (wolf's head), 7'10", unity for faith motherland, Ossetia v, Byz v, autocephalous Peter
Georgia, 447-502, King Vakhtang Gorgasali (wolf's head), Kartli (town, Tbilisi), K at 15, 7'10", unity selflessness for faith motherland, Ossetia v, Caucasian mt tribe treaties, Byz v in west, life to God, warhorse cary up mt, outrun deer, stress calm, autocephalous c, first catholicos peter, Jerusalem monastery, G forts churches diocese monasteries strongholds royal residence capital Tiblisi, political creed church union w Byz, independence, church nation union, died 502 Pesia battle; Kartli; Saint Vakhtang Gorgasali, King of Georgia, Commemorated on November 30; holy and right-believing king Vakhtang I ascended the throne of Kartli at the age of fifteen. that time Kartli was continually being invaded by the Persians from the south and by the Ossetians from the north. situation was no better in western Georgia: the Byzantines had captured all the lands from Egrisi to Tsikhegoji. his coronation, the young King Vakhtang summoned his court and addressed his dedicated servants with great wisdom. said that the sorrowful circumstances in which the nation had found itself were a manifestation of God’s anger at the sins of the king and the people. called upon everyone to struggle in unity and selflessness on behalf of the Faith and motherland. Vakhtang led a victorious campaign against the Ossetians, freed the captive princess (his older sister), and signed several treaties with the Caucasian mountain tribes to secure their cooperation in the struggle against foreign conquerors. he carried out another campaign in western Georgia, freed that region from the Byzantines, reinforced the authority of King Gubaz, and returned in triumph to Kartli. Vakhtang was remarkable in faith, wisdom, grace, virtue, and appearance (he towered above all others at a stately seven feet ten inches). spent many nights in prayer and distributed alms to the poor, in this way dedicating his life to God. Vakhtang could fight tirelessly in battle. in armor and fully armed, he could carry a war-horse on his shoulders and climb from Mtskheta to the Armazi Fortress in the mountains outside the city. foot he could outrun a deer. holy king was judicious in politics, displayed great composure, and preserved a sense of calm even when critical decisions needed to be made. the brow of Vakhtang’s military helmet was depicted a wolf, and on the back, a lion. a glimpse of the helmet with the wolf and lion, the Persians would cry out to one another: “Dar’ az gurgsar!” (“Beware of the wolf’s head!”) This was the source of King Vakhtang’s appellation “Gorgasali.” King Vakhtang’s reign the Georgian Church was first recognized as autocephalous. the holy king banished the pagan fire-worshippers from Georgia, he also sent a certain Bishop Michael—who was inclined to the Monophysite heresy, which had been planted in Georgia by the Persians—to Constantinople to be tried by the patriarch. bishop had disgracefully cursed the king and his army for rising up against the Monophysites. In fact, he was so infuriated that when King Vakhtang approached him to receive his blessing, he kicked him in the mouth and broke several of his teeth. patriarch of Constantinople subsequently defrocked Bishop Michael and sent him to a monastery to repent. importantly perhaps, the patriarch and the Byzantine emperor then sent to the patriarch of Antioch several clergymen whom King Vakhtang had chosen for consecration. Antioch the patriarch consecrated twelve of these clergymen as bishops and enthroned a certain Petre as the first Catholicos of Georgia. fulfilled the will of Holy King Mirian by founding the Georgian Holy Cross Monastery in Jerusalem. addition, he replaced a wooden church that had been built in Mtskheta at the time of Saint Nino with a church made of stone. his reign several new dioceses were founded. Vakhtang built a cathedral in Nikozi (Inner Kartli) and established a new diocese there, to which he translated the holy relics of the Protomartyr Razhden. Vakhtang built fortresses at Tukhari, Artanuji, and Akhiza; monasteries in Klarjeti at Artanuji, Mere, Shindobi, and Akhiza; established many other strongholds, churches, and monasteries as well. built a new royal residence in Ujarma laid the foundations of the new Georgian capital, Tbilisi. political creed consisted of three parts: an equal union of the Georgian Church with the Byzantine Church, national independence, and the unity of the Church and nation. the year 502 the sixty-year-old King Vakhtang was obliged to defend his country for the last time. In a battle with the Persians he was fatally wounded when a poisoned arrow pierced him under the arm. Before he died, King Vakhtang summoned the clergy, his family and his court and urged them to be strong in the Faith and to seek death for Christ’s sake in order to gain eternal glory. of Georgia mourned the passing of the king. His body was moved from the royal residence in Ujarma to Mtskheta, to Svetitskhoveli Cathedral, which he had himself built. There he was buried with great honor. fifteen centuries later, with the blessing of Catholicos-Patriarch Ilia II, an addition was built onto the Sioni Patriarchal Cathedral in Holy King Vakhtang Gorgasali’s name, and a cathedral in his honor was founded in the city of Rustavi.

Armenia, 459-532, Saint Sabbas the Sanctified, from Cappadocia, Armenia
Jerusalem Saint, 459-532, Sabbas the Sanctified; Venerable Euthymius the Great, Commemorated on January 20; Venerable John the Silent of St Sava'™s Monastery, Commemorated on March 30;

Armenia, 459-532, Sabbas tChild-Elder, he who loves God disdains corruptible things, many monasteries
Armenia, 459-532, Saint Sabbas the Sanctified, born in Cappadocia, Armenia, Christian Parents, father military commander, 5yr old S left wUncle iCappadocia, Flavian's m at 8, gifted child wHoly Scriptures, not want marriage, monk a17& miracles gift, tJerusalem a27, Euthymios' m, Theoktistos' m 3yrs t30, secluded in cave til Saturday after T's death, then full seclusion 5yrs, E led S tRouba Wilderness Jan 14-Palm Sunday, E called S Child-Elder, 473 tCave near Gerasimos otJordan, disciples gather, pillar oFire guides S to large cave, Cave looks like church, S founded several more monasteries, many miracles, spring welled, during draught abundant rain, deliverance, wrote first monk rule oChurch Services, Jerusalem Typikon, died 532, Savva's scroll, he who loves God disdains corruptible things, prefers knowledge of Him; Jerusalem Saint, 459-532, Sabbas the Sanctified; Venerable Savva the Sanctified, Commemorated on December 5; Savva the Sanctified was born in the fifth century Cappadocia of pious Christian parents, John and Sophia, his father was a military commander. to Alexandria on military matters, John and Sophia left their five-year-old son Savva in the care of an uncle. the boy was eight years old, he entered the nearby Monastery of Saint Flavian. gifted child quickly learned to read and became an expert on the Holy Scriptures. parents urged Saint Savva to return to the world and enter into marriage, but all in vain. he was seventeen years old he was tonsured as a monk, and attained such perfection in fasting and prayer that God found him worthy of the gift of working miracles. spending ten years at the Monastery of Saint Flavian, he went to Jerusalem, from there to the Monastery of Saint Euthymios the Great (January 20). Euthymios, however, sent the young man to Abba Theoktistos, the head of a nearby monastery with a strict cenobitic Rule. Savva lived in obedience at this monastery until the age of thirty. the death of Elder Theoktistos, his successor blessed Savva to seclude himself in a cave. on Saturdays, he left his hermitage and came to the Monastery, where he took part in the Divine Services and ate with the brethren. a certain time, Saint Savva received permission not to leave his hermitage at all, and he struggled in the cave for five years. Euthymios directed the young monk's life, and seeing his spiritual maturity, he began to take him to the Rouba wilderness with him. left on January 14, and remained there until Palm Sunday. Euthymios called Saint Savva a Child-Elder, and encouraged him to grow in the monastic virtues. Saint Euthymios fell asleep in the Lord (+ 473), Savva withdrew from the Lavra and moved to a cave near the monastery of Saint Gerasimos of Jordan (March 4). several years, disciples began to gather around Saint Savva. the number of monks increased, a Lavra sprang up. by a pillar of fire which appeared before him as he was walking, Saint Savva found a spacious cave in the form of a church. holy Elder founded several more monasteries. miracles took place through his prayers: at the Lavra, a spring of water welled up, during a time of drought there was abundant rain, and the sick and those possessed by demons were also healed. Savva composed the first monastic Rule of Church Services, the “Jerusalem Typikon," followed by all the Palestinian monasteries. Saint surrendered his soul to God in the year 532. Savva is depicted holding a scroll which reads: "He who loves God disdains corruptible things, and prefers the knowledge of Him."

Armenia, 460-475, Georgian Saint, Armenian Queen Shushanik
Armenia, 460-475, Georgian Saint, Armenian Queen Shushanik ; Shushanik, born Vardeni Mamikonian (c. 440 -“ 475) was a Christian Armenian woman who was tortured to death by her husband Varsken in the town of Tsurtavi, Georgia. Since she died defending her right to profess Christianity, she is regarded as a martyr. Her martyrdom is described in her confessor Jacob'™s hagiographic work, the oldest extant work of Georgian language literature. The hagiography details extensive resistance to forms of imprisonment, isolation, torture and cruelty by Shushanik. was a daughter of the Armenian military commander Vardan Mamikonian and married the Mihranid ruler Varsken, son of Arshusha II. was a defiant vassal of Vakhtang I Gorgasali, King of Kartli (Iberia), and took a pro-Persian position, renouncing Christianity and adopting Zoroastrianism. killed his spouse after she refused to submit to his order to abandon her Christian faith. Varsken himself was put to death by King Vakhtang in 483. has been canonized by the Georgian Orthodox Church and is venerated by the Armenian Apostolic Church. Her feast day is celebrated on October 17 in Georgia and Tuesday between September 20-“26 in Armenia. Hierarch Peter, First Catholicos of Georgia, Commemorated on November 30;

Armenia, 460-505, Peter, 1st Georgia Catholicos, f Byz, close to Vakhtang I, autocephaly, harmony b church & state
Georgia, 460-505, Peter, first Catholicos of Georgia in Kartli (town, Tbilisi), Gregory's pupil in Byz, close to Vakhtang I, so Geo close w Byz, autocephaly, harmony between church and state, respect for king; Kartli; Hierarch Peter, first Catholicos of Georgia, Commemorated on November 30; Peter was the first catholicos of Georgia. He led the Church of Kartli from the 460s through the beginning of the 6th century. to God’s will, Saint Peter inaugurated the dynasty of the chief shepherds of Georgia. is written in the biography of Holy King Vakhtang IV Gorgasali that the king was introduced to Peter, a pupil of Saint Gregory the Theologian, during one of his visits to Byzantium, and he became very close to him. At that time he was also introduced to the future catholicos Samuel. close spiritual bond of the holy king and the catholicos, combined with their concerted efforts on behalf of the Church, contributed immeasurably to the establishment of friendly political relations between Georgia and Byzantium and the proclamation of the autocephaly of the Georgian Apostolic Church. returned to his own capital, King Vakhtang sent an envoy to Byzantium to find him a wife. He also sent a request that the hierarch Peter be elevated as catholicos and that the priest Samuel be consecrated bishop. He pleaded with the patriarch to hasten the arrival of Catholicos Peter and the twelve bishops with him. patriarch of Constantinople approved King Vakhtang’s request to institute the rank of catholicos of Georgia. Since the Georgian Church was still under the jurisdiction of Antioch, Peter and Samuel were sent to the Antiochian patriarch himself to be elevated. The autocephaly of the Georgian Church was proclaimed upon the arrival of the holy fathers in Georgia. Peter ruled the Church according to the principle of autocephaly and established a form of self-rule that would later help to increase the authority of the Georgian Apostolic Orthodox Church. mutual respect and cooperation of the catholicos and the holy king laid the foundations for future, harmonious relations between secular and Church authorities in Georgia. Their example defined the authority of the Church and a national love and respect for the king. accompanied Holy King Vakhtang Gorgasali to war with the Persians in 502. It is written that “the fatally wounded king Vakhtang summoned the catholicos, the queen, his sons and all the nobility.” Saint Peter heard the king’s last confession, granted the remission of his sins, presided at his funeral service, and blessed the prince Dachi (502-514) to succeed him as king of Kartli. Catholicos Peter led the Georgian Church with great wisdom to the end of his days. Holy Synod of the Georgian Apostolic Orthodox Church canonized the holy catholicos Peter and the holy catholicos Samuel on October 17, 2002.

Armenia, 470-520, Abraham, Bishop oCarrhae, Armenia (modern Harran, near Edessa), deep piety, taught his priests by example
Armenia, 470-520, Abraham, Bishop oCarrhae, Armenia (modern Harran, near Edessa), fCyrrhus, tMonastery as youth, then hermit iLebanon, many pagans there, vexation because pagans not want him there, paid taxes for those beaten by collector, they accepted christ later, christians built church fervently besought Abe to pastor, he did, after encouraging them in the faith Abe left them another priest and went tMonastery, deep piety, Bishop oCharres, taught his pastors by his God-pleasing life, never used cooked food, EmperorTheodosis tYounger invited him tConstantinople, he died there, remains tCharres; Carrhae (modern Harran) ; St Abraham the Bishop of Charres in Mesopotamia, Commemorated on February 14 ; Abraham, Bishop of Charres, lived during the mid-fourth and early fifth centuries, was born in the city of Cyrrhus. his youth he entered a monastery. he became a hermit in Lebanon, a place where many pagans lived. Abraham suffered much vexation from the pagans, who wanted to expel him from their area. once saw tax-collectors beating those who were unable to pay. Moved to pity, he paid the taxes for them, and those people later accepted Christ. Christian inhabitants of this village built a church and they fervently besought Saint Abraham to accept the priesthood and become their pastor. monk fulfilled their wish. encouraged his flock in the faith, he left them another priest in place of himself, and he again retired to a monastery. his deep piety he was made bishop of Charres; saint constantly taught his pastors by his God-pleasing life. the time of his accepting of the priesthood, he never used cooked food. The emperor Theodosius the Younger wanted to meet the bishop and made him an invitation. he arrived in Constantinople, Saint Abraham soon died. remains were solemnly transferred to the city of Charres and there given over to burial.

Armenia, 470-530, Rabulas oSamosata, young monk iSyrian deserts, later Phonicia, spiritual gifts, monasteries, man oPrayer
Syria, 470-530, Rabulas oSamosata, Syria (Euphrates River 3), excellent ed, young monk struggling iDeserts&Mountains, like Elias&John tBaptist, later tPhoencia, long time asceticism, received spiritual gifts, Emperor Zeno gave him money to help build manastery with Bishop John oBeriut, monks of new monestery converted nearby pagans, Under Anastasius, Zeno's successor, Rabulas came to Constantinople, built several more monasteries in various places with A's help, one named Rabulas' m, Rabulas whole life at work, gentle, Kind, well-disposed towards people, man oGreat Prayer, lived to 80, to 530; Samosata; St Rabulas of Samosata, Commemorated February 19 ; Rabulas was born in the Syrian city of Samosata he received an excellent education. still young, he became a monk and struggled in the deserts and on the mountains, the example of the holy Prophet Elias (July 20) and Saint John the Baptist of the Lord (January 7, February 24, May 25, June 24, August 29, September 23, October 12). later, Saint Rabulas went to Phoenicia, for a long while he lived in asceticism and was glorified by spiritual gifts. emperor Zeno gave Saint Rabulas monetary help to build a monastery, with the assistance of Bishop John of Beruit. the new monastery lived many pagans, who were gradually converted to Christianity through the efforts of the monks. Xeno’s successor Anastasius (491-518), Saint Rabulas came to Constantinople, having received financial help from the emperor, he built several more monasteries in various places. One of them was named after the holy ascetic. Rabulas spent all his life at work, and he was gentle and kind and well-disposed towards people. was also a man of great prayer. lived to be eighty, before his death he heard a voice: “Come unto Me all ye who labor and are heavy laden” (Mt. 11:28). Rabulas fell asleep in the Lord around the year 530 after a short illness.

Armenia, 474-558, John tSilent, built church, Bishop a28, but bright star tSabbas, hides rank, silent sentence, Lion story
Jerusalem, 474-558, John tSilent oSabbas, Lavra of St Sava, Sabbas watercourse from Theodosius', Judea, near Jerusalem, born 454 Nicopolis, Armenia, wealthy, loved solitude&prayer, built church wInheritance, monk a18, at that church, Bishop oColonia a28 in 1482, influenced family fgood, but sister married bad Armenia Governor Pazinkos in 1492, P interferred Church spiritual ecclesiastical matters, John tConstantinople&Emperor Zeno unsuccessfully, overwhelmed worldly matters, tJerusalem, prayed, Bright Star leads John tSabbas, hiding Bishop rank accepted as Novice, under Savva, toiled obediently 4yrs, served guesthouse and monastery builders, when Savva saw his humility&labor he wanted to make him presbyter, so John had to reveal his rank tJerusalem Patriarch Elias, sentenced to live in silence, 4yrs in cell no visitors or church, then desiring solitude abstinence withdrew tDesert f9yrs, eating plants&grass, survived Saracens incursion Lord sent Lion, many miracles in desert, back tMonastery, 524 Savva died, not with him so grieved, Savva appeared foretold Origen heresy struggle, 66yrs at Sabbas, Holy Spirit grace acqiured, many miracles, clairvoyance, deliverance, invoking his name, even while alive, saved from destruction, beautiful shade fig tree story, seeds on barren rock, lived t104; Great Lavra of St. Sabbas; Venerable John the Silent of Saint Sabbas Monastery, Commemorated on December 3; John the Silent was born around 454 in the city of Nicopolis, Armenia the family of a military commander named Enkratius and his wife Euphemia. boy began to study Holy Scripture, and he loved solitude and prayer with all his heart. the inheritance his parents left him, John built a church dedicated to the Most Holy Theotokos. eighteen years of age, John became a monk, living an ascetic life of fasting, prayer, and temperance with ten other monks at the church he had founded. the request of the citizens of Colonia, the Metropolitan of Sebaste consecrated the twenty-eight-year-old John as Bishop of Colonia. assumed the episcopal throne, the saint did not alter his strict ascetic manner of life. the influence of the saint his relatives, his brother Pergamios (an associate of the emperors Zeno and Anastasius) and his nephew Theodore (an associate of the emperor Justinian), also lived in a Christian manner. John’s tenth year as bishop, the governorship of Armenia was assumed by Pazinikos, the husband of the saint’s sister, Maria. new governor began to interfere in spiritual and ecclesiastical matters, and there was unrest in the Church. Saint John then went to Constantinople, and through Archbishop Euthymius, he entreated the emperor Zeno to defend the Armenian Church from the evil Governor. by worldly quarrels, John secretly left his diocese and sailed to Jerusalem. tears he besought God to show him a place where he might live and find salvation. bright star appeared, which led Saint John to the Lavra of Saint Savva. concealing his episcopal rank, was accepted in the community as a simple novice. the guidance of the igumen Saint Savva(December 5), John toiled obediently for more than four years at every task he was assigned. a guesthouse was built at the Lavra, Saint John served the workers, serving their food and assisting in the construction of the building. a cenobitic monastery for novices was being built, John was once again assigned to help the workers. Saint John’s humility and love of labor, Saint Savva deemed him worthy of ordination to presbyter. John was forced to reveal his rank to Patriarch Elias of Jerusalem (494-517), who told Saint Savva that John could not be ordained. he said that John was to live in silence, and that no one should trouble him. the Lord also revealed Saint John’s secret to Saint Savva. John spent four years in his cell, receiving no one and not going out even for church. ever greater solitude and increased abstinence, Saint John quit the Lavra and withdrew into the desert, where he spent more than nine years, plants and grass. survived a devastating incursion of the Saracens and did not perish, only because the Lord sent him a defender: a ferocious lion. When the enemy tried to harm the saint, the lion attacked them and they scattered in fright. speaks of many miracles Saint John performed during this time in the desert. Saint Savva returned after an extended stay in Scythopolis, he persuaded Saint John to forsake the wilderness and to live at the monastery. this, the Lord, in a miraculous way, revealed to everyone at the Lavra that the monk John was actually a bishop. Saint John reached age seventy, his holy and God-bearing spiritual Father Saint Savva died. saint grieved deeply over this, since he was not present at the time. Savva appeared to him in a vision, and having consoled him, he foretold that there would be much toil ahead in the struggle against heresy. John even had to leave his solitude to strengthen the brethren in the struggle with the Origenists. John the Silent spent sixty-six years at the Lavra of Saint Savva the Sanctified. his constant ascetic efforts, by his untiring prayer and humble wisdom, Saint John acquired the grace of the Holy Spirit. his prayers, many miracles took place, and he was able to discern the secret thoughts of people. He healed the sick and those possessed by demons. during his lifetime he saved those who invoked his name from certain destruction. he scattered fig seeds on barren rock, and a beautiful and fruitful tree sprang up. In time, the tree grew so much that it overshadowed the saint’s cell. John the Silent departed to the Lord in peace at the age of 104.

Armenia, 500-599, 6th Century Folder, 13 Assyrian Fathers, including John of Zedezeni, David Gareji, and St. Shio

Armenia, 540's, 13 Assyrian Fathers (St Shio, John of Zedazeni, David Gareji, Joseph of Alaverdi)
Georgia, 13 Assyrian Fathers, 6th Century; Thirteen Assyrian Fathers were, according to Georgian church tradition, a group of monastic missionaries who arrived from Mesopotamia to Georgia to strengthen Christianity in the country in the 6th century. They are credited by the Georgian church historians with the foundation of several monasteries and hermitages and initiation of the ascetic movement in Georgia.[1][2] lives of the Assyrian Fathers are related in a cycle of medieval Georgian hagiographic texts and are unattested beyond these sources. Some of these vitae are formalities composed for an 18th-century synaxary, but four of them exist in original form, as well a metaphrastic version. The dating as well as authorship of these texts is controversial. The Georgian Catholicoi Arsen I (830-87) and Arsen II (955-80) have been suggested as authors of some of the vitae. Other, unattributed, texts may have been composed earlier, in the late 7th century.[3] monasteries in modern Georgia are named after the Assyrian Fathers and are said to have been founded and led by them and their numerous disciples. In the Middle Ages, these religious foundations played an important role in forging Georgian Christian identity.[3] written and oral, names as many as 19 Assyrian monks active in Georgia in the 6th century and the number "13" seems to be largely symbolic. Modern scholarly opinion is divided as to whether they were Assyrians, Assyrian-educated Georgians, whether missionaries or refugees — monophysite or diophysite — from Syria, from which monophysitism had retreated while Georgia was still primarily monophysite at that time.[3] in Iberia where the fathers served Chief of the Assyrian Fathers were: Davit Garejeli / David of Gareja Ioane Zedazneli / John of Zedazeni Abibos Nekreseli / Abibos of Nekresi Shio Mgvimeli / Shio of Mgvime Ioseb Alaverdeli / Joseph of Alaverdi Anton Martkopeli / Anton of Martkopi Tadeoz Stepantsmindeli / Thaddeus of Stepantsminda Piros Breteli / Pyrrhus of Breti Iese Tsilkneli / Jesse of Tsilkani Stepane Khirseli / Stephen of Khirsa Isidore Samtavneli / Isidor of Samtavisi Mikael Ulumboeli / Michael of Ulumbo Zenon Ikaltoeli / Zenon of Ikalto Venerable Joseph, Abbot of Alaverdi, Georgia, Commemorated September 15 ; Hieromartyr Abibus, Bishop of Nekressi in Georgia, Commemorated on November 29; St Jesse, Bishop of Tsilkan in Georgia, Commemorated on December 2; St Anthony the Founder of Monasticism in Georgia, Commemorated on January 19; St Macarius the Stylite of Martkobsk, Georgia, Commemorated on January 19; Saint Evagrisi, disciple of Saint Shio, Commemorated on February 4; Venerable Shio Mgvime, Commemorated on February 9 ; Venerable Shio Mgvime, Commemorated on March 3; Venerable Dodo of the St David-Gareji Monastery, Georgia, Commemorated on May 17; St. David Gareji, Commemorated on June 9 ;

Armenia, 540's, 13 Assyrian Fathers (under St John of Zedazeni)
Georgia, 13 Assyrian Fathers, 6th Century; Thirteen Assyrian Fathers were, according to Georgian church tradition, a group of monastic missionaries who arrived from Mesopotamia to Georgia to strengthen Christianity in the country in the 6th century. They are credited by the Georgian church historians with the foundation of several monasteries and hermitages and initiation of the ascetic movement in Georgia.[1][2] lives of the Assyrian Fathers are related in a cycle of medieval Georgian hagiographic texts and are unattested beyond these sources. Some of these vitae are formalities composed for an 18th-century synaxary, but four of them exist in original form, as well a metaphrastic version. The dating as well as authorship of these texts is controversial. The Georgian Catholicoi Arsen I (830-87) and Arsen II (955-80) have been suggested as authors of some of the vitae. Other, unattributed, texts may have been composed earlier, in the late 7th century.[3] monasteries in modern Georgia are named after the Assyrian Fathers and are said to have been founded and led by them and their numerous disciples. In the Middle Ages, these religious foundations played an important role in forging Georgian Christian identity.[3] written and oral, names as many as 19 Assyrian monks active in Georgia in the 6th century and the number "13" seems to be largely symbolic. Modern scholarly opinion is divided as to whether they were Assyrians, Assyrian-educated Georgians, whether missionaries or refugees — monophysite or diophysite — from Syria, from which monophysitism had retreated while Georgia was still primarily monophysite at that time.[3] in Iberia where the fathers served Chief of the Assyrian Fathers were: Davit Garejeli / David of Gareja Ioane Zedazneli / John of Zedazeni Abibos Nekreseli / Abibos of Nekresi Shio Mgvimeli / Shio of Mgvime Ioseb Alaverdeli / Joseph of Alaverdi Anton Martkopeli / Anton of Martkopi Tadeoz Stepantsmindeli / Thaddeus of Stepantsminda Piros Breteli / Pyrrhus of Breti Iese Tsilkneli / Jesse of Tsilkani Stepane Khirseli / Stephen of Khirsa Isidore Samtavneli / Isidor of Samtavisi Mikael Ulumboeli / Michael of Ulumbo Zenon Ikaltoeli / Zenon of Ikalto Venerable Joseph, Abbot of Alaverdi, Georgia, Commemorated September 15 ; Hieromartyr Abibus, Bishop of Nekressi in Georgia, Commemorated on November 29; St Jesse, Bishop of Tsilkan in Georgia, Commemorated on December 2; St Anthony the Founder of Monasticism in Georgia, Commemorated on January 19; St Macarius the Stylite of Martkobsk, Georgia, Commemorated on January 19; Saint Evagrisi, disciple of Saint Shio, Commemorated on February 4; Venerable Shio Mgvime, Commemorated on February 9 ; Venerable Shio Mgvime, Commemorated on March 3; Venerable Dodo of the St David-Gareji Monastery, Georgia, Commemorated on May 17; St. David Gareji, Commemorated on June 9 ;

Armenia, 540's, Abibus, Nekressi Bishop, of 13 Fathers, Dagestani's also, watered fire god, Jesus sign, d escape, incorrupt r
Georgia, 540's, Abibus, Bishop of Nekressi , Georgia (Alazani River 2), of t 13 Armenian Fathers, converted Dagestani's also, Persian rule, fire altars everywhere, water on the fire, Stylite Simeon sign from Jesus, strengthened, declined escape, shattered skull, wild beasts, body guard, but Christian burial, incorrupt relics, relic miracles; Nekressi ; Hieromartyr Abibus, Bishop of Nekressi in Georgia, Commemorated on November 29 ; Abibus of Nekresi was one of the Thirteen Syrian Fathers who arrived in Georgia in the 6th century under the leadership of Saint John of Zedazeni. the blessing of his instructor, Saint Abibus began his apostolic activity in Nekresi, a village set among the hills in the eastern region of Kakheti. his virtuous deeds, Saint Abibus was soon consecrated bishop of his diocese. to the chronicle Life of Kartli, Saint Abibus converted not only Georgians but also most of the mountain tribes—including the Dagestani/Didoians—to the Christian Faith. with apostolic zeal, Saint Abibus journeyed throughout the villages of his diocese, preaching the Truth and calling upon all to strengthen the true Faith. time that Saint Abibus was serving as bishop coincided with a dark period of Persian rule in eastern Georgia. Persians exerted every effort to implant their faith—the worship of fire—and everywhere erected altars where the fire burned without ceasing. in the village of Rekhi the holy hierarch, finding a group of fire-worshipers forcing the Georgian faithful to worship the flame, poured water on their fire to extinguish it. enraged pagan priests bound Saint Abibus, beat him cruelly, locked him up, and reported the incident to the marzban. The marzban ordered that the bishop be brought to him at once. Abibus was a friend of the holy wonderworker Simeon the Stylite of the Wonderful Mountain. Simeon received a sign from God of the imminent martyrdom of Saint Abibus and, in order to console him, sent him a letter, an evlogia (a blessing—probably a piece of prosphoron or some other holy object) and a staff. Abibus was being escorted to the marzban, in the village of Ialdo he met a messenger from Antioch who presented him with Saint Simeon’s gifts. letter and gifts gladdened the holy hierarch and strengthened him for his martyrdom. Saint Abibus was approached by a group of Christians who offered to help him escape, but he graciously declined. arrived in Mtskheta, the saint prayed at Svetitskhoveli Cathedral, requested that the guards permit him to meet with Saint Shio of Mgvime. Persians granted his request, and the spiritual brothers greeted one another with love and prayed together to the Lord. Abibus was brought before the dread marzban and asked how he could dare raise his hand against the Persian god. replied with complete composure, saying, “I did not kill any god; rather I extinguished a fire. Fire is not a god, but a part of nature, which is created by God. Your fire was burning wood, and a little water was enough to extinguish it. The water turned out to be stronger. Your fury amazes me. Isn’t it humiliating to call something a god which has no soul?” at this response, the marzban ordered the holy hierarch’s execution. executioners mercilessly beat the blessed Abibus and shattered his skull with stones. Then they dragged his body through the city, cast it to the beasts, and assigned a guard to ensure that the Christians did not come to steal it. that night the priests and monks of Rekhi came, took the body of the holy martyr, and buried it with great honor at Samtavisi Monastery (located midway between Mtskheta and Gori). miraculous healings have taken place over the grave of Saint Abibus. the rule of Prince Stepanoz of Kartli, the incorrupt relics of Saint Abibus were translated from Samtavisi to Samtavro Monastery in Mtskheta, according to the decree of Catholicos Tabori. They were buried under the holy altar at Samtavro Church.

Armenia, 540's, Holy Fathers of Shio Mgvime monastery, Georgia, great story, dove, spring prayer, obedient bear, cup in air
Georgia, 540's, Holy Fathers of Shio Mgvime monastery, Georgia (the cave of Shio, Kura River 8), 13 Syrian Fathers, Blessed by MOG, arrived Georgia 540's, Zedazeni Mt, prayer&fasting, John ofZ's good works throughout Georgia, Founding many monasteries active today, revived G monastic life, Shio, nobleman fAntioch, to nearby Sarkineti Mts, deserted highlands, dove b food, ruler Evagre of Tsikhedidi found him w hunting, financed &joined him, became igumen, great ascetic Ila stayed w John carrying water all way up from river, Z Mt no water, John asked God for a spring and got it, cup left suspended in air at ShioM, Bear scares Ila, J commands bear and his kind to not harm anyone on Z Mt. C still in effect; Shio Mgvime (the cave of Shio); Holy Fathers of the Shio-Mgvime Monastery, Commemorated on January 4; Thirteen Syrian fathers arrived in Georgia in the 6th century, having received a blessing for their journey from the Most Holy Theotokos. settled on Zedazeni Mountain, living an ascetic life of prayer and fasting. spiritual leader, Ioane (John), then sent them to perform good works throughout various regions of Georgia. founding of many monasteries and the revival of monastic life in Georgia today are linked to the names of the Thirteen Syrian Fathers. Ioane sent one of his disciples, Shio, the son of a God-fearing Antiochian nobleman, to take up his abode in the nearby Sarkineti Mountains. the grace of God, a dove brought food to Saint Shio in the deserted highlands where he labored. certain ruler, Evagre of Tsikhedidi, would often go hunting in the area where Saint Shio lived. one of his excursions he happened upon venerable Shio and was so awed by his wondrous way of life that he decided to remain there with him. Evagre gave up all his possessions and was found worthy to be appointed abbot at the time of Saint Shio’s death. Ioane remained on Zedazeni Mountain with only one disciple, the holy deacon Ilia. Fr. Ilia was a great consolation to Saint Ioane in his infirmities. Saint Ilia was also a great ascetic in his own right, laboring in prayer, fasting, and mortification of the flesh. mountain on which they lived was completely lacking water. Ilia labored in the sweat of his brow carrying water from the Aragvi River, which flows around the foot of Zedazeni Mountain. the great ascetic labors of his disciple, Saint Ioane besought God with tears that He would supply them with a spring of water on top of this high mountain. God heard the prayer of His servant and a spring of delicious water began to flow. Ilia the Deacon often accompanied Saint Ioane on his travels. Ioane once took him to the monastery of Saint Shio, and Ilia the Deacon, as requested, presented Saint Ioane with a cup of wine in the refectory. The blessed Ioane made the sign of the Cross over the cup, raised it aloft, prayed to God, and left the cup suspended in the air. It remained where he had placed it, as if supported by an invisible hand. day Saint Ilia went to the spring to draw water. Glancing up he saw opposite him a bear of enormous size approaching the spring. was terrified and, leaving his bucket, turned and fled to the great schemamonk Ioane to tell him about the bear. Saint Ioane followed his disciple to the well and saw the bear drinking water. Saint Ioane meekly said, “Drink if you are thirsty and go away from here. But I tell you that henceforth, you and your kind shall never dare to cause any harm to anyone on this mountain.” the words of the saint and inclining its head like an obedient servant, the bear immediately left the spring. And to this day the animals continue to obey Saint Ioane’s command. holy deacon Ilia remained with Saint Ioane the rest of his life. Georgian Apostolic Church beseeches the protection of the venerable Evagre, Ilia the Deacon, and all the blessed and pious elders who dwelt with the Thirteen Syrian Fathers and continued laboring in holiness to the end of their lives.

Armenia, 540's, Jesse, Bishop oTsilkani, Georgia, Syrian Father, wonderworker, preacher, commanded river follow me, Time oDeath
Georgia, 540's, Jesse, Bishop oTsilkani, Georgia (Narekvavi River 1), o13 Syrian Fathers, wonderworker, preacher, commanded river follow me, Time oDeath; Tsilkani, Georgia (Town near T. Cathedral, Narekvavi River 1); St Jesse, Bishop of Tsilkan in Georgia; Jesse of Tsilkani arrived in Georgia in the 6th century with the other Syrian fathers and companions of Saint John of Zedazeni. the recommendation of Saint John of Zedazeni, Catholicos Evlavios of Kartli consecrated Saint Jesse as bishop of Tsilkani. holy father traveled throughout his diocese preaching the Holy Gospel. from city to city, from valley to mountain and back, the kind shepherd worked wonders, healed the infirm, cleansed lepers, cast out demons and raised those who were confined to their beds. with the blessing of his teacher Saint John of Zedazeni, Saint Jesse performed a miracle to strengthen the people in their Faith. descended to the bank of the Ksani River, followed by Saint John and a multitude of people. made the sign of the Cross over the river, touched his staff to the water and commanded: “In the name of our Lord and God Jesus Christ, I command you, river: follow me!” the river reversed its current and began to flow backwards, following in Saint Jesse’s footsteps right up to Tsilkani Church. living near Mtskheta and Tsilkani who witnessed this miracle glorified the Lord Jesus Christ for bestowing upon one of His children the gift of wonderworking. the Lord made known to the saint the day of his repose, he gathered his disciples and church servitors, bade them farewell, blessed them, partook of the Holy Mysteries of Christ, and reposed in peace. last words were “Lord, into Thy hands I commit my spirit!” Jesse of Tsilkani is buried in the Tsilkani Church of the Most Holy Theotokos.

Armenia, 540's, Evagrisi, Shio's disciple, ruler Tsikhedidi, holy envy, river crossing test, returning world like Dog tHis vomit
Georgia, 540's, Evagrisi, Shio's disciple, oTsikhedidi Village, across Kura River from Caves of Shio, Mgvime Monastery, Parents read to him scripture earliest years, became Tsikhedidi, while hunting saw bird bringing food to Shio's cave. Sarkineti Mts, located cave next day, saw asceticism, filled holy envy, desired emulate, told him he wouldn't leave, Shio advised him of hasty decision, tested his faith with his staff, put my staff in Mtkvari River, it will part, secure your home and return to me, use staff on M on way back, if it fails not God's will, E obeyed, staff worked both ways, distributed possessions, secured home, returned to Shio, tonsured, cave near Shio, learned patience, prayer, acquired other virtues from ascetic labors, S anticipate monks coming, built church place God revealed, many pilgrims, King Parsman heared his beloved army chief a monk he came, tBring E back to the world, E says that would be like Dog coming back to his vomit, news of holy strugglers spread throughout Georgia, many entered monastic life, after many years S announced his pending death, you must chose replacement among you, I will now labor in the well prepared for my grave, brothers pleaded, asked S appoint, S appointed E, humble E objected, considered self unworthy, “If you consent to our will, you will receive a joyous reward from God: when He returns in His glory, repaid for obedience, E accepted Shio Mgvime (the cave of Shio); Saint Evagrisi, disciple of Saint Shio, Commemorated on February 4; Evagrisi was born to God-fearing and pious parents who read the Holy Scriptures to him from the earliest years of his childhood. he reached manhood, Evagrisi became ruler of Tsikhedidi. day Evagrisi went hunting in the Sarkineti Mountains where Shio of Mgvime had settled. he was hunting, his companions dispersed in various directions, and he was left alone to survey his surroundings. he beheld a bird, resembling a dove, on its way to bring food to Fr. Shio, and noted the place where it landed. next day he located the hermit’s cave dwelling. at Fr. Shio’s strict asceticism, Saint Evagrisi was filled with holy envy, having a desire to emulate the hermit, and he told him, “God is truly alive. I will not leave you, I will not go back.” Shio advised him to be wary of such an impulsive decision, since it would be quite difficult for a man who had grown up in luxury to suddenly begin a new life in the wilderness. Evagrisi answered him firmly, “Even if it means I must die here with you today, I will not depart from this place.” order to test his faith, Saint Shio entrusted Evagrisi with his staff and instructed him, saying, “Put my staff in the Mtkvari River; it will part the water and clear a path for you to cross. your home and return to me. your return when you reach the Mtkvari, use my staff again to clear a path for yourself. it fails, then continue on your way as before. That would mean that it is not God’s will to fulfill your desire.” obediently took Saint Shio’s staff and touched it to the water of the Mtkvari. river parted, and he crossed confidently to the other side. returned to the palace, Evagrisi distributed all his possessions to the poor, secured his home, and set off again to find Fr. Shio. performed the same miracle on his return: the river parted in two, and the faithful Evagrisi passed through. Shio tonsured Evagrisi into the monastic life, and the former ruler settled near the holy father’s cave. he learned to be patient and watchful and how to pray, while acquiring other virtues as fruits of his ascetic labors. Shio anticipated that the number of monks in the wilderness would multiply, he built a church for them in a place that God had revealed. great gifts of the holy fathers were soon made known, and many pilgrims journeyed to the Sarkineti Mountains to receive their blessings. King heard, belatedly, that his beloved army chief had been tonsured a monk, he became sorrowful and personally traveled to Saint Shio’s wilderness. His hope was to bring Evagrisi back into the world, but the blessed father responded with monastic composure: “O King! Why are you disturbing me, a man born to serve God, by asking me to become like a dog who returns to his own vomit (c.f. Prov. 26:11)?” news of Saint Shio, Evagrisi, and the other holy strugglers spread throughout Georgia, and many laymen were inspired to enter the monastic life. many years Saint Shio grew old, and he gathered the brotherhood of monks around him. “You must choose one from among you to lead this community. now on I will labor in the well that I have prepared for my grave,” he told them. brothers were exceedingly sorrowful at having to part with their beloved teacher, in vain they pleaded with him to remain at the monastery. last they asked Fr. Shio to appoint a successor, he chose Evagrisi as the monastery’s next abbot. humble, gracious Evagrisi objected to this appointment, considering himself unfit to fulfill such a difficult responsibility. begged Saint Shio to reconsider his decision, but the elder simply responded, “If you consent to our will, you will receive a joyous reward from God: when He returns in His glory, will repay you for your obedience.” last Saint Evagrisi accepted his teacher’s counsel, and he directed the monastery’s activity with the help of God from that day forward.

Armenia, 540-590, Anthony, Monasticism iGeorgia Founder, oMartkopi, Georgia (Martkop (Rutai)i River 1), of 13 Assryian Fathers
Georgia, 540-590, Anthony, Monasticism iGeorgia Founder, oMartkopi, Georgia (Martkop (Rutai)i River 1), of 13 Assryian Fathers. tPreach Gospel iKakheti wilderness, tPreach tGospel, deer visited every evening to feed him, one day arrived early, frightened, injured fawn, retracing he discovered nobleman, who feared him, ordered hands cut off, smith readying the sword fell down, arms like wood, became mute, Anthony's sign otCross healed him, nobleman perceived holiness, tell me what you need, only single piece oSalt, brought 2 large blocks, broke small piece, placed near deer, built monastery fMany who visited, attention burdensome, fled tMountain pea, fLast 15yrs, God revealed time oDeath to the day,gathered pupils, imparted wisdom, blessed them&reposed on his knees in front oHis icon, body taken down fPillar, burried iHis Monastery before Theotokis icon; Martkopi, Georgia; St Anthony the Founder of Monasticism in Georgia, Commemorated on January 19 ; holy father Anton of Martqopi arrived in Georgia in the 6th century with the rest of the Thirteen Syrian Fathers settled in Kakheti to preach the Gospel of Christ. always carried with him an icon of the Savior “Not-Made-By-Hands.” made his home in the wilderness, deer visited him every evening to nourish him with their milk. day the deer arrived earlier than expected, they were followed by a wounded fawn. Clearly something had frightened them. Anton retraced the animals’ path, he discovered a nobleman, the head of a nearby village, hunting in the fields. to see the old monk with his icon, standing amidst a gathering of deer, the nobleman, being a pagan, became convinced that he was dangerous and ordered his servants to take him to a smith and chop off his hands. was led at once to the smith, but when the craftsman heated his sword and drew it above the monk’s hands in preparation, fell down suddenly his arms became like wood. daunted smith fell mute, blessed Anton made the sign of the Cross over him he was immediately healed. heard about this miracle, the nobleman perceived that Abba Anton was truly holy, and he began to hold him in reverence. me what you need, and I will provide it for you,” he told Elder Anton. monk requested a single piece of salt, they brought him two large blocks. broke off a small piece and placed it near his cell for the deer. the incident at the smith’s, many people began to visit Anton, the holy father constructed a monastery for the faithful. before long their attention became burdensome, Elder Anton fled from the world to the peak of a mountain. he began to preach from the top of a pillar, he would remain the last fifteen years of his life. God revealed to Fr. Anton the day of his repose, monk-stylite gathered his pupils, imparted to them a few last words of wisdom, blessed them, and died on his knees in front of his beloved icon. Anton’s body was taken down from the pillar buried in the monastery that he had founded, the icon of the Theotokos.

Armenia, 551-600, Florus, Bishop oAmisus, Armenia, Pontine, after family died small pox solitary life before chosen Bishop
Armenia, 551-600, Florus, Bishop oAmisus, Armenia, Pontine (near Iris River Mouth, on the shore of the sea), fine education, courtly service tEmperor, Patrician, wife childred died small pox, left world tSolitary life near Constantinople, chosen bishop Amisus, died peacefully;; Amisus; St Florus the Bishop of Amisus, Commemorated on December 18 ; Florus, Bishop of Amisus, was the son of the Christians Florus and Euphemia, provided him a fine education. entered courtly service for the Byzantine Emperor and was elevated to the rank of patrician; was also married and had children. his wife and children died from smallpox, he left the world and withdrew to the outskirts of Constantinople, he led a solitary and pious life. on he was chosen Bishop of Amisus (in Asia Minor). Florus wisely guided his flock and died peacefully at the beginning of the seventh century.

Armenia, 553 and 787, Pisidia Icon, 6th Century Miracles, 8th C icon confessor
Sozopolis, Pisidia ; Greatmartyr Marina (Margaret) of Antioch in Pisidia, Commemorated July 17 ; Icon of the Mother of God of Pisidia, Commemorated September 3 ; St George the Confessor and Bishop of Antioch, in Pisidia, Commemorated on April 19;

Armenia, 557-634, Modestus, Archbishop, his story important to tie history of Cross, Persian, Byzantine, & Arab control oJ
Armenia, 557-634, Modestus, Archbishop oJerusalem, fSebaste, Armenia (Iris River Source, Kizilirmak River 1), his story important for history, tonsured Mt Sinai, Superior Theodosios tG m Judea, Locum tenens Gov Jerusalem Church 614, because Persians devastated Jerusalem, took The Cross, 90,000 C's killed, Patriarch Zacharias captured, M restored C shrines, incl Lord's tomb, buried Sava's monks, Z returned wCross 630, M permanent partiarch aZ, M dies a97yr old; Sebaste, Armenia ; St Modestus the Archbishop of Jerusalem, Commemorated December 18 ; Modestos (Módestos) was born into a Christian family at Sebásteia in Cappadocia (Asia Minor). toward a strict monastic life from his youth, the Saint was tonsured on Mount Sinai. he became the Superior of the Monastery of Saint Theodosios the Great in Palestine. the year 614, Syria and Palestine were attacked by the the army of the Persian king Chosroes. Christians were killed, and many Christian churches were destroyed. Zachariah of Jerusalem and a multitude of Christians were taken into captivity, with the Cross of the Lord. Modestos was appointed to govern the Jerusalem Church temporarily as locum tenens of the patriarchal kathedra. the help of Patriarch John the Merciful of Alexandria (November 12), Saint Modestos restored the devastated Christian shrines, which was the Lord's Tomb. also buried the murdered monks from the Monastery of Saint Savva the Sanctified. fourteen years, Patriarch Zacharias returned from captivity with the Lord's Cross, after his death, Saint Modestos became the Patriarch of Jerusalem. Modestos reposed at the age of 97 in the year 634. head of Saint Modestós is located in the Athonite Monastery of Simonopetra.

Armenia, 559-640, Alypius t Stylite of Adrianopolis, Paphlagonia, Euphemia monastery vision, pillar there 57 yrs, 14yr igumen
Armenia, 559-640, Alypius the Stylite of Adrianopolis, Paphlagonia, Euphemia vision to build her monastery, done, pillar next to it, 57 yrs, then 14yrs igumen ; Paphlagonia Region; Venerable Alypius the Stylite of Adrianopolis, Commemorated on November 26 ; Alypius the Stylite was born in the city of Adrianopolis in Paphlagonia. mother, a Christian, was widowed early, and she sent her son to be educated by Bishop Theodore. She distributed her substance to the poor, then began to live an ascetic life near the church as a deaconess. Alypius, from his early years, wanted to devote his life to God and yearned for the solitary life, although Bishop Theodore would not give him permission to do so. when Saint Alypius was accompanying his bishop to Constantinople, the holy Martyr Euphemia (September 16) appeared to him in a vision, summoning Saint Alypius to return to Adrianopolis and found a church in her name. contributions offered by believers in Adrianopolis, Saint Alypius did build a church in the name of the holy Martyr Euphemia, on the site of a dilapidated pagan temple infested by legions of devils. the church, under the open sky, the saint erected a pillar over a pagan tomb. fifty-three years Saint Alypius struggled upon the pillar, praying to God and teaching those who came to him. demons which infested the pagan cemetery fell upon the ascetic by night and pelted him with stones. Saint Alypius, wanted nothing to stand in the way of the attacks of the spirits of darkness, then even took down the boards that served him as a roof, protecting him from the rain and wind. In the face of the saint’s conquering steadfastness, the demons forever fled the place, which had been sanctified by his deed of voluntary martyrdom. years before his death, Saint Alypius was no longer able to stand. He was compelled to lie on his side because of the weakness of his legs, and endured grievous sufferings with humble gratitude. the saint’s pillar two monasteries sprang up: a men’s monastery on the one side, and a women’s monastery on the other. Alypius introduced strict monastic rules for both monasteries and he directed both monasteries until his death. Saint Alypius reposed in the year 640, at age 118. The body of the venerable stylite was buried in the church he founded in honor of the holy Martyr Euphemia. The relics of the saint of God healed many of those who came in faith.

Armenia, 565-601, Dometian, Bishop oMelitene, Armenia, wise zealous fFaith, strong word&deed, giving, miracles before&after d
Armenia, 565-601, Dometian, Bishop oMelitene, Armenia (Intersection Roads from Ephesus and Euphrates River 2), time Justin II, married widowed, monk, Bishop a30, wise zealous fFaith, strong word&deed, famous pastor, Govt commissions iPersia for Greeks, distributed his rich gifts tPoor, miracles before&after death; Malatya; Saint Dometian, Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated on January 10; Dometian, Bishop of Melitene, born and lived during the sixth century, in the time of the emperor Justin the Younger. was married but was widowed, and thereafter he became a monk and lived a strict and holy life. thirty years of age he was chosen bishop of the city of Melitene (in Armenia). and zealous in questions of faith, strong in word and deed, Saint Dometian quickly gained fame as a good and dedicated pastor. than once he carried out government commissions in Persia to avoid conflict with the Greeks. by all, Saint Dometian often received rich gifts, which he distributed to the poor. during his life and after his death in 601, Saint Dometian was glorified by God with miracles.

Armenia, 599, Miraculous Transfer Bartholomew's Relics Trebizond, Armenia, Black Sea to Lipari Island, Sicily
Lipari, Italy ; Return of the Relics of the Apostle Bartholomew from Anastasiopolis to Lipari, Commemorated August 25 : By the power of God the chests did not sink into the depths of the sea, but miraculously floated upon the waves and reached Italy. The chest with the relics of the Apostle Bartholomew came to land at the island of Lipari, and the remaining chests continued their journey and came to land at various places in Italy. The chest with the relics of the Martyr Papian halted at Sicily, the Martyr Lucian at Messina, the Martyr Gregory at Calabria, and the Martyr Acacius at Askalon. ; Apostle Bartholomew of the Twelve, Commemorated on June 11;

Armenia, 639 - 1920, Arab Muslim Armenia, Folder, Genocide by Turkey

Armenia, 600, 7th C Folder, 639 Arab Muslim conquest oArmenia, Leo oCappadocia took monk's place, Catholicos Nerses III tBuilder

Armenia, 601-662, Maximus tConfessor, most effective against Monothelite heresy, divine light candels over grave
Bithynia, 601-662, Maximus tConfessor, excellent ed, Heraclius first secretary but he Monothelite, resigned, went west because M rapid spread in East, fConstantinople tChrysopolis, Bithynia, simple monk Igumen, 638 edict Exposition oFaith, everyone must accept One will in two natures, Max successfully defended Orthodoxy tPeople, invisible attraction tHim, refuge in West, where Monothelitism rejected, Africa visit, 4th EC had condemned Monophysite's only one nature (divine), MThelite only one divine will &Energy, another path tMPhysite heresy, Armenia, Syria, Egypt heretics in East, fanned by Nationalism, unity threat, MTheites controlled Eastern Patriarchal thrones, Sergius iConstantinople, Athanasius iAntioch, Cyrus iAlexandria, Max tCrete tPreach, clashed w Nestorian & Severus Bishop, tAlexandria 6yrs, till 641 new Monothelite Emperor and Patriarch, intensified assaults tOrthodox, tCarthage preach 5yrs, Constantinople Patriarch Pyrrhus excaped there, debated Max, became Orthodox, wrote book, traveled Rome wMax, Pope Theodore received them, 647 Max returned Carthage, there Council condemned MTheletism as heracy, 648 new edict rrom Constans & Partiarch Paul, Pattern otFaith, forbid will debates, Max asked new Pope convene Latern Council, 649 150 Western & 37 Eastern reps, L council condemned Mthelitsm & Typos (faith pattern), false teachings anathematized, So Constans II arested Max and new Pope Mrtin, 654 Prison, 656 sent tTrace, later back to C Prison, Max & disciples tounge cut out Right hand cut off, exiled tSkemarum, Scythia, time of death revealed 662, 3 miracle candels burned over grave, many healings there; Chrysopolis; Chrysopolis Monastery Chrysopolis in Macedonia? Venerable Maximus the Confessor, Commemorated on January 21 Maximus the Confessor was born in Constantinople around 580 raised in a pious Christian family. received an excellent education, studying philosophy, grammar, and rhetoric. was well-read in the authors of antiquity he also mastered philosophy and theology. Saint Maximus entered into government service, he became first secretary (asekretis) and chief counselor to the emperor Heraclius (611-641), was impressed by his knowledge and virtuous life. Maximus soon realized that the emperor and many others had been corrupted by the Monothelite heresy, was spreading rapidly through the East. resigned from his duties at court, went to the Chrysopolis monastery (at Skutari on the opposite shore of the Bosphorus), he received monastic tonsure. of his humility and wisdom, he soon won the love of the brethren and was chosen igumen of the monastery after a few years. in this position, he remained a simple monk. 638, the emperor Heraclius and Patriarch Sergius tried to minimize the importance of differences in belief, they issued an edict, the “Ekthesis” (“Ekthesis tes pisteos” or “Exposition of Faith),” decreed that everyone must accept the teaching of one will in the two natures of the Savior. defending Orthodoxy against the “Ekthesis,” Saint Maximus spoke to people in various occupations and positions, and these conversations were successful. only the clergy and the bishops, but also the people and the secular officials felt some sort of invisible attraction to him, as we read in his Life. Saint Maximus saw what turmoil this heresy caused in Constantinople and in the East, decided to leave his monastery and seek refuge in the West, Monothelitism had been completely rejected. the way, he visited the bishops of Africa, strengthening them in Orthodoxy, encouraging them not to be deceived by the cunning arguments of the heretics. Fourth Ecumenical Council had condemned the Monophysite heresy, which falsely taught that in the Lord Jesus Christ there was only one nature (the divine). by this erroneous opinion, Monothelite heretics said that in Christ there was only one divine will (“thelema”) only one divine energy (“energia”). of Monothelitism sought to return by another path to the repudiated Monophysite heresy. found numerous adherents in Armenia, Syria, Egypt. heresy, fanned also by nationalistic animosities, became a serious threat to Church unity in the East. struggle of Orthodoxy with heresy was particularly difficult in the year 630, three of the patriarchal thrones in the Orthodox East were occupied by Monothelites: by Sergius, by Athanasius, Alexandria by Cyrus. Maximus traveled from Alexandria to Crete, where he began his preaching activity. clashed there with a bishop, who adhered to the heretical opinions of Severus and Nestorius. saint spent six years in Alexandria and the surrounding area. Sergius died at the end of 638, the emperor Heraclius also died in 641. imperial throne was eventually occupied by his grandson Constans II (642-668), an open adherent of the Monothelite heresy. assaults of the heretics against Orthodoxy intensified. Maximus went to Carthage and he preached there for about five years. the Monothelite Pyrrhus, the successor of Patriarch Sergius, arrived there after fleeing from Constantinople because of court intrigues, and Saint Maximus spent many hours in debate. a result, Pyrrhus publicly acknowledged his error, and was permitted to retain the title of “Patriarch.” He even wrote a book confessing the Orthodox Faith. Maximus and Pyrrhus traveled to Rome to visit Pope Theodore, received Pyrrhus as the Patriarch of Constantinople. the year 647 Saint Maximus returned to Africa. at a council of bishops Monotheletism was condemned as a heresy. 648, a new edict was issued, commissioned by Constans and compiled by Patriarch Paul of Constantinople: “Typos” (“Typos tes pisteos” or “Pattern of the Faith”), forbade any further disputes about one will or two wills in the Lord Jesus Christ. Maximus then asked Saint Martin the Confessor (April 14), the successor of Pope Theodore, to examine the question of Monothelitism at a Church Council. Lateran Council was convened in October of 649. hundred and fifty Western bishops and thirty-seven representatives from the Orthodox East were present, among them Saint Maximus the Confessor. Council condemned Monothelitism, and the Typos. false teachings of Patriarchs Sergius, Paul and Pyrrhus of Constantinople, were also anathematized. Constans II received the decisions of the Council, he gave orders to arrest both Pope Martin and Saint Maximus. emperor’s order was fulfilled only in the year 654. Maximus was accused of treason and locked up in prison. 656 he was sent to Thrace, and was later brought back to a Constantinople prison. saint and two of his disciples were subjected to the cruelest torments. Each one’s tongue was cut out, and his right hand was cut off. they were exiled to Skemarum in Scythia, enduring many sufferings and difficulties on the journey. three years, the Lord revaled to Saint Maximus the time of his death (August 13, 662). candles appeared over the grave of Saint Maximus and burned miraculously. was a sign that Saint Maximus was a beacon of Orthodoxy during his lifetime, and continues to shine forth as an example of virtue for all. Many healings occurred at his tomb. the Greek Prologue, August 13 commemorates the Transfer of the Relics of Saint Maximus to Constantinople, but it could also be the date of the saint’s death. may be that his memory is celebrated on January 21 because August 13 is the Leavetaking of the Feast of the Transfiguration of the Lord. Saint Maximus has left to the Church a great theological legacy. His exegetical works contain explanations of difficult passages of Holy Scripture, and include a Commentary on the Lord’s Prayer and on Psalm 59, various “scholia” or “marginalia” (commentaries written in the margin of manuscripts), on treatises of the Hieromartyr Dionysius the Areopagite (October 3) and Saint Gregory the Theologian (January 25). Among the exegetical works of Saint Maximus are his explanation of divine services, entitled “Mystagogia” (“Introduction Concerning the Mystery”). The dogmatic works of Saint Maximus include the Exposition of his dispute with Pyrrhus, and several tracts and letters to various people. In them are contained explanations of the Orthodox teaching on the Divine Essence and the Persons of the Holy Trinity, on the Incarnation of the Word of God, and on “theosis” (“deification”) of human nature. “Nothing in theosis is the product of human nature,” Saint Maximus writes in a letter to his friend Thalassius, “for nature cannot comprehend God. It is only the mercy of God that has the capacity to endow theosis unto the existing... In theosis man (the image of God) becomes likened to God, he rejoices in all the plenitude that does not belong to him by nature, because the grace of the Spirit triumphs within him, and because God acts in him” (Letter 22). Saint Maximus also wrote anthropological works (i.e. concerning man). He deliberates on the nature of the soul and its conscious existence after death. Among his moral compositions, especially important is his “Chapters on Love.” Saint Maximus the Confessor also wrote three hymns in the finest traditions of church hymnography, following the example of Saint Gregory the Theologian. The theology of Saint Maximus the Confessor, based on the spiritual experience of the knowledge of the great Desert Fathers, and utilizing the skilled art of dialectics worked out by pre-Christian philosophy, was continued and developed in the works of Saint Simeon the New Theologian (March 12), and Saint Gregory Palamas (November 14).

Armenia, 639, Arab Muslim Conquest of Armenia, Dvin, Armenia
Dvin; Arab Muslim Conquest of Armenia 639;

Armenia, 639- , Leo oCappadocia, Armenia (Central Anatolia), took sickly monks place, love thy neighbor, beheaded by Saracens
Armenia, 639-, Leo oCappadocia, Armenia (Central Anatolia), took sickly monks place, love thy neighbor, beheaded by Saracens; Cappadocia; St Leo of Cappadocia, Commemorated on February 28; Leo of Cappadocia fulfilled the commandment to love his neighbor by suggesting to the Saracens, who had captured three sickly monks, that he take the place of these infirm captives with himself, since he was healthy and able to work. journeying in the desert, Saint Leo weakened and was not able to go any farther. He was beheaded with the sword, thereby laying down his life for his neighbor.

Armenia, 641-661, Catholicos Nerses III the Builder, ended up in Tao-Klarjeti
Armenia, 641-661, Catholicos Nerses III the Builder, ended up in Tao-Klarjeti; Venerable Fathers and Mothers of the Klarjeti Wilderness, Commemorated on October 5;

Armenia, 641-668, St Christopher oGazara and Sumela Monastery, Mt Mela near Trebizond, founded by Athenian Monks Barnabas and his nephew Sophronius
Sumela Monastery, Mt Mela near Trebizond; It is not known when the monastery was founded, but the Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism places the date around AD 386, during the reign of the emperor Theodosius I (375–395).[7][8] According to William Miller, two Athenian monks named Barnabas and Sophronios founded the monastery. It became famous for an icon of the Theotokos known as the Panagia Gorgoepekoos, said to have been painted by the Apostle Luke.[9] Saint Christopher of Gazara, Commemorated on August 18; Christopher was born in Gazara, near Trebizond. He was the head of a monastery on Mount Mela in the second half of the seventh century (641-668).

Armenia, 700, 8th C folder,UmayyadMarwan tBlind attacked Armenia 735, but 6 Miraculous stories this century

Armenia, 700-759, Anthusa, Abbess of Mantinea, Paphlagonia, & 90 sisters, tortured f icons, saved by emperor's wife f prophecy
Armenia, 700-759, Anthusa the Abbess of Mantinea, Paphlagonia, Pontine, and her 90 sisters, tortured for venerating icons, saved by emperor's wife for prophecy; Mantinea Asia Minor is somewhere in the Paphlagonia Region; Mantinea in Greece ; Regions of Ancient Greece - Asia Minor; Asia Minor; Venerable Anthusa the Abbess of Mantinea in Asia Minor, Commemorated July 27; Anthusa the Confessor lived at Mantinea, Paphlygonia in Asia Minor during the eighth century. the world at a young age, Saint Anthusa lived in asceticism in the mountains in complete solitude. received monastic tonsure from the hieromonk Sisinius, and became abbess of a monastery of ninety nuns. The nuns were known for their obedience to their abbess and for their spiritual discipline. Anthusa and her nuns suffered during the reign of the emperor Constantine Copronymos, demanded that they renounce the veneration of holy icons. Saint Anthusa and her nuns were subjected to torture, since they disobeyed the emperor’s order. those who witnessed the torture was the emperor’s wife, for whom the saint predicted the birth of a son and daughter. Saint Anthusa’s prediction was fulfilled, she was allowed to return to her convent, where she died in great old age. daughter born to the emperor’s wife was named Anthusa (April 12). lived a life pleasing to God, she reposed in 759 and now lives with Him forever. She was buried in her cell. 90 Venerable Sisters of Mantinea in Asia Minor, Commemorated July 27 ; as above

Armenia, 713-762, Theodora oCaesarea, Nun dedicated by childless p's, miraculously saved fMarriage by attack killing husband
Armenia, , Theodora of Caesarea, Cappadocia, Armenia, Dedicated by rich childless parents, entered monastery, but iconoclast Leo tIsaurian arranged marriage tHis Aide, miraculously Scythians attacked during wedding feast, husband killed first skirmish, she sailed back tConvent, imperial emissary found she already tonsured a Nun, Therefore could not be forced to leave monastery, rest of life fasting vigil prayer heavy iron chains; Caesurea, Cappadocia; Venerable Theodora of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated December 30 ; Theodora of Caesarea, living during the eighth century, the daughter of the patrician Theophilus and his wife Theodora. parents for a long time had been childless, and grieved over this. prayed and vowed that if a child were born to them, it would be dedicated to God. their daughter was of age, her mother took her to the monastery of Saint Anna in Caesarea, where the maiden entered under the guidance of an abbess. she became familiar with spiritual literature. emperor Leo the Isaurian (716-741), an iconoclast heretic, wanted to give the maiden Theodora into marriage to one of his aides. took her from the monastery against her will and brought her to Constantinople, where everything was already prepared for the wedding celebration. during the wedding feast the Scythians attacked the capital, and Saint Theodora’s husband, sent to help beat back the attack of the enemy, perished in the very first skirmish. advantage of the general confusion, Saint Theodora got on a ship and returned to her convent. an imperial emissary followed her there, he saw that she had already been tonsured a nun. she could not be forced to leave the women’s monastery. spent the remaining years of her life in fasting, vigil, and prayer. wore heavy iron chains on her body, not removing them until death.

Armenia, 717-741, Stephen oKhenolakkos, distinguished by paternal admin moral influence, angelic escort tHeaven
Bithynia, 717-741, Stephen Wonderworker oKhenolakkos Monastery near Chalcedon, Triglia, Bithynia (now Fatih Mosque, Tirilye), greatly impressed by holy ascetic's lives, visited many Palestine monasteries, Euthymios' m, Sabbas, Theodosios' m, then 714-741 Constantinople where Patriarch Germanos aided him building m iBithynia, for a monastic rule from his lessons many years experience, Monastery by the Goose Pond northeast Triglia, S distinguished by paternal admin& moral influence, foresaw his death, angelic escort tHeaven; Triglia Monastery (now Fatih Mosque, Tirilye) 720; Venerable Stephen, Abbot of Khenolakkos Monastery, near Chalcedon, Commemorated on January 14; Stephen lived during the eighth century, was born into a family in Cappadocia, who raised him in great piety. he reached maturity, he was greatly impressed by reading the lives of the holy ascetics, and so he visited many monasteries in Palestine in order to observe their way of life. In the wilderness he visited the monasteries of Saints Euthymios the Great (January 20), the Sanctified (December 5) Theodosios the Great (January 11), studying the Rule (Typikon) of each monastery. during the reign of the iconoclast Emperor Leo the Isaurian (717-741), he visited Constantinople. holy Patriarch Germanos (May 12) had a high regard for Stephen, aided him in building a monastery in Bithynia in which he could establish a monastic Rule based on the great lessons that he had learned in the course of his many years of experience. Stephen founded the Monastery of Khenolakkos [“by the goose-pond”], was northeast of Triglia (near Moudania in Asia Minor). monks were drawn there by reports of his virtue. Stephen was distinguished for his paternal administration of the monastery, for his moral influence on the monks. many years as the Superior of the monastery, the holy ascetic foresaw his own death. he fell asleep in the Lord, some of the brethren were found worthy to behold the glorious departure of his soul into Heaven, by angels. Venerable Stephen the Wonderworker the Abbot of Triglia, Commemorated on March 28; Stephen the Confessor, of Triglia Monastery, under the iconoclast emperor Leo the Armenian (813-820). a young age, the holy ascetic dedicated his life to God and received monastic tonsure. He later became head of the Triglia monastery near Constantinople. persecution again began against holy icons, the saintly igumen was summoned for questioning, and they tried to force him to sign a document rejecting the veneration of icons. Saint Stephen steadfastly refused to betray Orthodoxy and he boldly denounced the emperor for his impiety. They subjected the saint to cruel torments, after which they sent him to prison in the year 815. Weakened and sick, the holy Confessor Stephen soon died in prison from his sufferings.

Armenia, 722-792, Philaret tMerciful, rich man loved poor, giving all, always rewarded, wife&children eventually learn a90 yrs
Armenia, 722-792, Philaret tMerciful oAmnia, Paphlagonia, Armenia, Rich&Illustrious, but did not hoard wealth, famed for love oPoor, Ishmaelites (Arabs) attached, little left fHim but continued to give, rich wife Theoseba complained, jeers oChildren, he said riches hidden away enough 100 yrs wOut working, his gifts would multiply for recipient, knowing this man asks for calf, cow missed calf, wife complains, but P praises her and gives cow tMan, famine came so p took donkey to borrow 6bushels wheat, poor man asks for some wheat, P tells T give him 1bushel, T says give 4bushels to family, P gives man last 2bushels, T says give half the load, P given him 1 more bushel fHalf tLoad, T says give him the bag too, T says to spite me give him all, P givel all 6, man can't lift 6B so T tells P give him donkey, T &Children hungry, wept, Lord rewarded P friends gave him 40 bushels, T kept most, P gave his share, when eating P went to T&Children for food, T grumbled how long treasure hidden, Empress Irene seeking bride for her son, envoys in Amneia, P happy, T sad because not enough food, P tells T light fire decorate, Neighbors bring everything required, Envoys impressed, select granddaughter Maria, marries Constantine, became Emperess, Emperor C rewards P, P alms&feast fPoor, P&family serve poor aFeast, P orders servant fill 3 bags, 1Gold, 1Silver, 1 copper coins, reach in give as God wills, P refused fine clothes, no imperial rank, just call me grandfather oEmperess, 90 yrs knew death coming, tJudgement Monastery, gave gold, asked buried there, i10days, 10th day exhorted family love poor fSalvation, died 792, miracle after death, T restores monasteries churches a barbarian invasion; Amnia (probably here at the mouth of the Amnia River); Amnia River Region is on the Amnia River near the Battle of Amnia; Righteous Philaret the Merciful of Amnia in Asia Minor, Commemorated December 1 ; Philaret the Merciful, son of George and Anna, was raised in piety and the fear of God. lived during the eighth century in the village of Amnia in the Paphlagonian district of Asia Minor. wife, Theoseba, was from a rich and illustrious family, they had three children: a son John, and daughters Hypatia and Evanthia. was a rich and illustrious dignitary, he did not hoard his wealth. that many people suffered from poverty, he remembered the words of the Savior about the dread Last Judgment and about “these least ones” (Mt. 25:40); Apostle Paul’s reminder that we will take nothing with us from this world (1 Tim 6:7); the assertion of King David that the righteous would not be forsaken (Ps 36/37:25). whose name means “lover of virtue,” was famed for his love for the poor. day Ishmaelites [Arabs] attacked Paphlagonia, devastating the land and plundering the estate of Philaret. remained only two oxen, a donkey, a cow with her calf, some beehives, and the house. he also shared them with the poor. wife reproached him for being heartless and unconcerned for his own family. yet firmly he endured the reproaches of his wife and the jeers of his children. “I have hidden away riches and treasure,” he told his family, “so much that it would be enough for you to feed and clothe yourselves, even if you lived a hundred years without working.” saint’s gifts always brought good to the recipient. received anything from him found that the gift would multiply, and that person would become rich. this, a certain man came to Saint Philaret asking for a calf so that he could start a herd. cow missed its calf and began to bellow. Theoseba said to her husband, “You have no pity on us, you merciless man, but don’t you feel sorry for the cow? You have separated her from her calf.” saint praised his wife, and agreed that it was not right to separate the cow and the calf. he called the poor man to whom he had given the calf and told him to take the cow as well. year there was a famine, so Saint Philaret took the donkey and went to borrow six bushels of wheat from a friend of his. he returned home, a poor man asked him for a little wheat, so he told his wife to give the man a bushel. said, “First you must give a bushel to each of us in the family, then you can give away the rest as you choose.” then gave the man two bushels of wheat. Theoseba said sarcastically, “Give him half the load so you can share it.” saint measured out a third bushel and gave it to the man. Theoseba said, “Why don’t you give him the bag, too, so he can carry it?” gave him the bag. The exasperated wife said, “Just to spite me, why not give him all the wheat.” Saint Philaret did so. the man was unable to lift the six bushels of wheat, so Theoseba told her husband to give him the donkey so he could carry the wheat home. Blessing his wife, Philaret gave the donkey to the man, who went home rejoicing. and the children wept because they were hungry. Lord rewarded Philaret for his generosity: the last measure of wheat was given away, an old friend sent him forty bushels. kept most of the wheat for herself and the children, the saint gave away his share to the poor and had nothing left. his wife and children were eating, he would go to them and they gave him some food. grumbled saying, “How long are you going to keep that treasure of yours hidden? Take it out so we can buy food with it.” this time the Byzantine empress Irene (797-802) was seeking a bride for her son, the future emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitos (780-797). emissaries were sent throughout all the Empire to find a suitable girl, and the envoys came to Amneia. Philaret and Theoseba learned that these most illustrious guests were to visit their house, was very happy, but Theoseba was sad, for they did not have enough food. Philaret told his wife to light the fire and to decorate their home. neighbors, knowing that imperial envoys were expected, brought everything required for a rich feast. envoys were impressed by the saint’s daughters and granddaughters. Seeing their beauty, their deportment, their clothing, and their admirable qualities, the envoys agreed that Philaret’s granddaughter, Maria was exactly what they were looking for. Maria exceeded all her rivals in quality and modesty and indeed became Constantine’s wife, and the emperor rewarded Philaret. fame and riches returned to Philaret. just as before, this holy lover of the poor generously distributed alms and provided a feast for the poor. and his family served them at the meal. Everyone was astonished at his humility and said: “This is a man of God, a true disciple of Christ.” ordered a servant to take three bags and fill one with gold, one with silver, and one with copper coins. a beggar approached, Philaret ordered his servant to bring forth one of the bags, whichever God’s providence would ordain. he would reach into the bag and give to each person, as much as God willed. Philaret refused to wear fine clothes, nor would he accept any imperial rank. said it was enough for him to be called the grandfather of the Empress. saint reached ninety years of age and knew his end was approaching. went to the Rodolpheia (“The Judgment”) monastery in Constantinople. gave some gold to the Abbess and asked her to allow him to be buried there, saying that he would depart this life in ten days. returned home and became ill. On the tenth day he summoned his family, he exhorted them to imitate his love for the poor if they desired salvation. Then he fell asleep in the Lord. He died in the year 792 and was buried in the Rodolpheia Judgment monastery in Constantinople. appearance of a miracle after his death confirmed the sainthood of Righteous Philaret. they bore the body of the saint to the cemetery, a certain man, possessed by the devil, followed the funeral procession and tried to overturn the coffin. they reached the grave, the devil threw the man down on the ground and went out of him. other miracles and healings also took place at the grave of the saint. the death of the righteous Philaret, his wife Theoseba worked at restoring monasteries and churches devastated during a barbarian invasion.

Armenia, 735-736, Umayyad Caliph, Marwan ibn Muhammad (Marwan the Blind) attacked Armenia
Persia, 735-736, Umayyad Caliph, Marwan ibn Muhammad (Marwan the Deaf); Arab general Marwan the Deaf; Martyr David the Prince of Georgia, Commemorated on October 2; Martyr Ashot Curapalati, King of of Artanuji, Commemorated on January 29 ;

Armenia, 770-805, St George, Bishop of Amastris, Pontus, on the Black Sea, example of God-pleasing
Armenia, 770-805, St George, Bishop of Amastris, Pontus, Armenia, on the Black Sea; Amastridia; St George the Bishop of Amastris on the Black Sea, Commemorated February 21 ; George was born at Kromne near Amastris in Paphlagonia on the Black Sea in 750. He was the son of pious parents, Theodosios and Megethousa. completing his primary studies in his homeland, he left for the mountain of Syrikes or Serikes. There he found an old ascetic who taught him about the solitary life and tonsured him. the repose of his Elder, George went to Vonitsa in Akarnania, where he continued his ascetical struggles. 788, the Bishop of Amastris fell asleep in the Lord, and the Church rewarded George's virtues. Against his will, he was elected as the Bishop of that city, but in the end he submitted to this as God's will. He was consecrated at Constantinople by Patriarch Tarasios (February 25). his return to Amastris, Saint George was like a lamp which is not placed under a bushel, but put on a lampstand, so that it gives light to all those in the house (Matthew 5:15). He instructed his flock, he beautified several churches, defended widows and orphans, and fed the poor. In all things, he was an example of a God-pleasing life. the power of his prayers he drove away the Saracens who were ravaging the countryside near Amastris. He also rescued some Amastrian merchants who had been wrongfully condemned to death in the city of Trebizond. also composed several Canons in honor of the Saints, which are sung on February 7 and 26; April 13; August 1; October 8, etc. George went to the Lord peacefully in 805, during the reign of Emperor Nikēphoros I, after shepherding the flock which had been entrusted to him by Christ in a God-pleasing manner. He performed many miracles, both during his lifetime, and after his blessed repose. Slavic usage, Saint George is commemorated on February 21. In Greek usage he is commemorated on October 25.

Armenia, 770-805, George oAmastris, learned solitary life fOld ascetic, Bishop, many miracles before after death, God pleasing
Armenia, 770-805, George, Bishop oAmastris, Pontus, fKromne near Amastris, Paphlagonia on Black Sea, pious parents, after primary studies, tSyrikes Mt, learned solitary life fOld ascetic, tonsured, after his death tVonitsa iAkarnania, 788 became Bishop oAmastris, against his will, but submitted, consecrated aConstantinople, patrarch Tarasios, returned, like lamp not placed under bushel, on a lampstand, instructed, beautified churches, defended widows and orphans, fed poor, God-pleasing example iAll things, by prayer drove Saracens, composed canons, died peacefully 805, preformed many miracles before and after death ; Amastridia; St George the Bishop of Amastris on the Black Sea, Commemorated February 21 ; George was born at Kromne near Amastris in Paphlagonia on the Black Sea in 750. was the son of pious parents, Theodosios and Megethousa. completing his primary studies in his homeland, he left for the mountain of Syrikēs, or Sērikḗs (Συρίκης ή Σηρικής). he found an old ascetic who taught him about the solitary life and tonsured him. the repose of his Elder, George went to Vonitsa in Akarnania, where he continued his ascetical struggles. 788, the Bishop of Amastris fell asleep in the Lord, and the Church rewarded George's virtues. his will, he was elected as the Bishop of that city, but in the end he submitted to this as God's will. was consecrated at Constantinople by Patriarch Tarasios (February 25). his return to Amastris, Saint George was like a lamp which is not placed under a bushel, but put on a lampstand, so that it gives light to all those in the house (Matthew 5:15). instructed his flock, he beautified several churches, defended widows and orphans, and fed the poor. all things, he was an example of a God-pleasing life. the power of his prayers he drove away the Saracens who were ravaging the countryside near Amastris. also rescued some Amastrian merchants who had been wrongfully condemned to death in the city of Trebizond. also composed several Canons in honor of the Saints, which are sung on February 7 and 26; April 13; August 1; October 8, etc. George went to the Lord peacefully in 805, during the reign of Emperor Nikēphoros I, shepherding the flock which had been entrusted to him by Christ in a God-pleasing manner. performed many miracles, both during his lifetime, and after his blessed repose. Slavic usage, Saint George is commemorated on February 21. Greek usage he is commemorated on October 25.

Armenia, 772-846, Joannicius, no ed, all day prayer, cross over cattle, military, seclusion, levitation, invisible
Bithynia, 772-846, Saint, Joannicius The Great; St. Irene Chrysovolantou, Commemorated on July 28; Venerable Joannicius the Great, Commemorated on November 4; Joannicius the Great was born in Bithynia in the year 752 in the village of Marikat. His parents were destitute and could not provide him even the basics of an education. From childhood he had to tend the family cattle, their sole wealth. for God and prayer completely dominated the soul of the child Joannicius. Often, having shielded the herd with the Sign of the Cross, he went to a secluded place and spent the whole day praying, and neither thieves nor wild beasts came near his herd. order of the emperor Leo IV (775-780), a multitude of officials went through the cities and towns to draft young men for military service. Young Joannicius was also drafted into the imperial army. earned the respect of his fellow soldiers for his good disposition, but he was also a brave soldier who struck fear in the hearts of his enemies. Joannicius served in the imperial army for six years. More than once he was rewarded by his commanders and the emperor. But military service weighed heavily on him; his soul thirsted for spiritual deeds and solitude. Joannicius, having renounced the world, longed to go at once into the wilderness. However, on the advice of an Elder experienced in monastic life, he spent a further two years at the monastery. Here the saint became accustomed to monastic obedience, to monastic rules and practices. He studied reading and writing, and he learned thirty Psalms of David by heart. this, commanded by God to go to a certain mountain, the monk withdrew into the wilderness. For three years he remained in deep solitude in the wilderness, and only once a month a shepherd brought him some bread and water. The ascetic spent day and night in prayer and psalmody. After each verse of singing the Psalms Saint Joannicius made a prayer, which the Orthodox Church keeps to this day in a somewhat altered form, “The Father is my hope, the Son is my refuge, the Holy Spirit is my protection.” chance, he encountered some of his former companions from military service. The saint fled the wilderness and withdrew to Mount Kountourea to hide himself from everyone. after twelve years of ascetic life did the hermit accept monastic tonsure. The saint spent three years in seclusion after being tonsured. Then he went to a place called Chelidon to see the great ascetic Saint George (February 21). The ascetics spent three years together. During this time Saint Joannicius learned the entire Psalter by heart. As he grew older, Saint Joannicius settled in the Antidiev monastery and dwelt there in seclusion until his death. Joannicius spent seventy years in ascetic deeds and attained to a high degree of spiritual perfection. Through the mercy of God the saint acquired the gift of prophecy, as his disciple Pachomius has related. The Elder also levitated above the ground when he prayed. Once, he crossed a river flooded to overflowing. The saint could make himself invisible for people and make others also hidden from sight. Saint Joannicius led Greek captives out of prison under the very eyes of the guards. Poison and fire, with which the envious wanted to destroy the saint, did him no harm, and predatory beasts did not touch him. He freed the island of Thasos from a multitude of snakes. Saint Joannicius also saved a young nun who was preparing to leave the monastery to marry; he took upon himself the agonized maiden’s suffering of passion, and by fasting and prayer, he overcame the seductive assault of the devil. his death, Saint Joannicius fell asleep in the Lord on November 4, 846, at the age of 94.

Armenia, 790, Michael, Abbot iArmenia + 36, Zobē Monastery, Haragenes seized monastery, M and 36 resisted conversion, beheaded
Armenia, 790, Michael, Abbot iArmenia + 36, Zobē Monastery (Μονή Ζώβη), near Sebastopol in Armenia, Haragenes (Saracens) seized monastery, M and 36 resisted conversion, beheaded; Zobē Monastery (Μονή Ζώβη), near Sebastopol in Armenia; Martyr Michael, Abbot in Armenia, and 36 Fathers with him, Commemorated on October 1; Monastic Martyr Michael was the Igoumen of Zobē Monastery (Μονή Ζώβη), near Sebastopol in Armenia. he labored in asceticism with thirty-six other monks at the end of the VIII century, the reign of the Byzantine Emperor Constantine VI and his mother Empress Irene. the land was invaded by the Hagarenes (Saracens). Alim seized the Monastery and tried to persuade the monks to to deny Christ and convert to Mohammedanism. However, strengthened from above, the Holy Fathers paid no attention to the words of the infidels. in the midst of his monks, Saint Michael encouraged them to face death courageously for the sake of Christ. the monks were beheaded with swords, and then Saint Michael was tortured and beheaded. Thus, they all received crowns of glory from Christ around the year 790.

Armenia, 800, 9th C Folder, Michael tBlack-Robed oSabbas, Eustratius tWonderwrkr, Eudocimus oCharsianon, Theodore oSabbas

Armenia, 813-833, Michael tBlack-Robed, oSabbas, Queen Seida, King al-Mamun, no adultry, poison fails, Relics Plllar oFire
Jerusalem, 813-833, Michael tBlack-Robed, oSabbas, Lavra of St Sav, Sabbas watercourse from Theodosius', Judea, near Jerusalem, From Edessa, distributed inheritance, tJerusalem under Moslem Rule, tSabbas, kin Theodore, reed baskets, tJMarketplace, Queen Seida wants him, King al-Mamun, M rejects adultery, accused insulting Queen&enemy oIslam, debate wKing, Mohammad neither apostle of Jesus nor prophet, he a deceiver&antichrist forerunner, send me to my monastery, be baptized&reign forever, or send me to Christ tMartyrdom, sign oCross, deadly poison failed tHarm, decapitated, Theodore notified bLord, fight over relics, King decided go to Sabbas, Pillar oFire wRelics to Lavra, buried wMartyrs, many miracles, 12th century Daniel tTraveler sees relics; Edessa, Syria; Martyr Michael the Black-Robed of Saint Savva Monastery, Commemorated on July 29; Venerable Michael lived in the ninth century, and was from the city of Edessa in Mesopotamia, the son of Christian parents. After their death he distributed his inheritance to the poor, then went to Jerusalem to venerate the Holy Places. The Holy Land at that time was under Moslem rule. remained in Palestine and settled in the Lavra of Saint Savva, he became the disciple of his relative, Saint Theodore of Edessa (July 9), who spent his time both in the monastery and living as an anchorite in the Judean desert. Theodore accepted him and tonsured him right away. The two made baskets of reeds together in order to support themselves. Saint Michael would take the baskets to the marketplace in Jerusalem in order to sell them. day while at the marketplace, the eunuch of the Muslim Queen Seida, seeing that the baskets were both fine and well-made, took him along to the Queen, who was visiting the city with her husband King al-Ma’mun (813-833). handsome monk aroused the desire of the Queen, who tried to lead him into the sin of adultery, but he did not accept her suggestions. enraged Seida told her husband to have the monk beaten with rods because he had insulted her, and accused him of being an enemy of Islam. was a debate about which faith is the true one, Christianity or Islam, and the king said, “Do as I tell you, and confess that Mohammed is a prophet and an apostle of Christ, then I will adopt you as my son.” Michael said, “Mohammad is neither an apostle nor a prophet, but a deceiver and the forerunner of the antichrist. send me back to my Elder at the monastery, or be baptized into our Christian faith and reign forever in the heavens, or send me to Christ through martyrdom.” king gave the Saint a cup with deadly poison to drink. Michael made the Sign of the Cross over the cup, and he drank it, but he remained unharmed, according to the promise of the Lord (Mark16:18). this the king ordered that he be decapitated. monks of the Lavra of Saint Savva wanted to take the Saint’s relics to their Lavra, but the Christians of Jerusalem would not permit this. They said that since he was martyred in Jerusalem, his relics ought to remain monks of the Lavra disagreed with them, saying that he was nurtured in the Lavra and so he should be buried there. There was such a heated argument that the king decided that the relics would go to the Lavra. the same day that Saint Michael was put to death, the Lord revealed this to Saint Theodore. informing the brethren, he sent some monks to bring the relics to the Lavra. the relics were carried to the Lavra, there was a pillar of fire from Heaven accompanying the relics, and it remained until they reached the Lavra. Theodore and the monks came out to meet the procession with lit candles, and singing hymns. holy relics were buried with the other holy Fathers who had endured martyrdom. miracles took place before the relics of Saint Michael, as a sign that he had found favor with God. the beginning of the twelfth century the relics of Saint Michael were seen by Daniel, the Igoumen of the Kiev Caves Monastery, while on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. Michael is commemorated twice during the year: on May 23 (his repose) and July 29 (the transfer of his relics).

Armenia, 813-888, Eustratius tWonderworker, fTarsus, tAbgar m a20, igumen bread water only, prayer nights, think future life
Cilicia, 813-888, Eustratius tWonderworker, fTarsus, Cilicia (Seyhan River Mouth), tAbgar m a20, ascetic life bread water only nights iPrayer, igumen, hid from Leo tArmenian 813-320, then returned, constantly repeated Lord, have mercy, don't focus earthly blessings, think future life, commended his spirit to Lord's hands&died a95; Tarsus; St Eustratius the Wonderworker, Commemorated January 9 ; Eustratius came from the city of Tarsus. twenty years of age he secretly left his parents’ home and settled in the Abgar monastery (on Olympos in Asia Minor). he lived a strict ascetic life, eating only bread and water, and spending his nights at prayer. a certain while he was chosen as igumen of the monastery. the reign of the Iconoclast Leo the Armenian (813-820), Saint Eustratius hid from pursuit by roaming the hills and the wilds. the death of the emperor he returned to the monastery. was always on his lips, and he constantly repeated the words: “Lord, have mercy!” his death he gave instructions to the monks not to be attracted towards earthly blessings, constantly to think about the future life. himself with the Sign of the Cross, he said, “Into Thy hands, O Lord, I commend my spirit” and he died in peace at age 95.

Armenia, 829-842, Saint Eudocimus, Charsianon Fortress, Cappadocia, admin, blameless life, incorrupt relics, myrrh
Armenia, 829-842, Saint Eudocimus, Charsianon Fortress, Cappadocia, admin, blameless life, incorrupt relics, myrrh; Charsianon (Charsia); Righteous Eudocimus of Cappadocia, Commemorated on July 31 ; Eudocimus, a native of Cappadocia (Asia Minor), lived during the ninth century during the reign of Emperor Theophilus (829-842). He was the son of the pious Christians Basil and Eudokia, an illustrious family known to the emperor. They raised their son “in discipline and admonition of the Lord” (Eph. 6: 4), planting in his soul a sincere faith and holy virtues. righteous life of Saint Eudocimus was devoted to pleasing God and serving his neighbor. Having given a vow to remain unmarried and chaste, he avoided conversation with women and did not look at them. He would speak only with his own mother, whom he greatly respected. The emperor valued his virtue and talents, so he appointed Saint Eudocimus as governor of Chorziane, Armenia. Fulfilling his duty as a servant of God, Saint Eudocimus governed the people justly and with kindness. He concerned himself with the unfortunate, and with orphans and widows, and he was a defender of the common people. His personal Christian exploits which he did in secret, were known only to God. pleased God by his blameless life, and the Lord called him at age 33. Lying on his deathbed, Saint Eudocimus gave final instructions to place him in the grave in those clothes in which he would meet death. Then he sent everyone out of the room and entreated the Lord that no one would see his end, just as no one saw his secret efforts during life. His attendants buried him as he had instructed them. Right after the death of Saint Eudocimus miracles took place at his grave. Many sick people were healed, and the news of the miraculous healings spread. 18 months, the mother of Saint Eudocimus came from Constantinople to venerate his relics. She gave orders to remove the stone, dig up the ground, and open the grave. Everyone beheld the face of the saint, bright as if alive, altogether untouched by decay. A great fragrance came from him. They took up the coffin with the relics from the earth, and they dressed the saint in new clothes. His mother wanted to take the relics of her son to Constantinople, but the Kharsian people would not clear a path for their holy one. After a certain time the hieromonk Joseph, having lived and served at the grave of the saint, transported the relics of Saint Eudocimus to Constantinople. There they were placed in a silver reliquary in the church of the Most Holy Theotokos, built by the parents of the saint. Eudocimus is considered by the Russian Church to be one of the special protectors and intercessors before God of the family hearth. He was, as his name implies, truly successful in every virtue.

Armenia, 836-848, Theodore, Bishop oEdessa, tSabbas, 36yrs solitude, dove miracle, 12yr bishop, converts Bagdad calif
Armenia, 836-848, Theodore, Bishop oEdessa, Armenia (Intersection and Euphrates River 3), tSabbas a12, 36yrs solitude, bishop 12yrs, Consecration dove miracle, clairvoyant Stylite Theodosis his elder, tBagdad, converts calif Mavi, after healing him wDirt from Lord's grave, Mavi killed, fortells T's death, through 2 dreams tT and T tStylite, writings, read by 16-17th Century Rus; Edessa, Syria; St Theodore the Bishop of Edessa, Commemorated on July 9 ; Theodore, Bishop of Edessa, was born in the Syrian city of Edessa. his life the holy saint was a bright witness of the great deeds of God, glorified in His Saints. twelve years of age, after he lost his parents and gave away his inheritance to the poor, he went to Jerusalem, he was tonsured at the Lavra of the Saint Savva the Sanctified. twelve years of fervent monastic obedience and then another twenty-four years of full seclusion and great abstinence, the Lord called the valiant ascetic to be a bishop, so that he might enlighten the world. the death of the Bishop of Edessa, no worthier successor was found than Theodore, and with the mutual consent of the Patriarchs of Antioch and Jerusalem, and of the clergy and laity, this fine man was chosen bishop. was not easy for Saint Theodore to forsake his solitude, but he submitted himself to the will of God and undertook his pastoral guidance of the Edessa Church. occurred during the reign of the Byzantine emperor Michael and his mother Theodora (842-855). the time of Saint Theodore’s episcopal consecration, there occurred a great miracle. The people beheld a dove, white as snow, flying about beneath the cupola of the church, which then alit upon the head of the newly-made bishop. Theodore devoted all his abilities to the governance of his flock. He was a model for the faithful in word, in life, in love. By the good example of his holy ascetic life, he guided the flock entrusted to him by God, onto the path of salvation. Theodore exerted much effort in the struggle with heretics, and with a firm hand he guarded the Church from temptations and false teachings. his consolation and support for Saint Theodore, the clairvoyant Elder Theodosius the Stylite also served the spiritual community while laboring in asceticism not far from the city, near the monastery of the holy Great Martyr George. the blessing of the Elder, Saint Theodore journeyed to Baghdad to the caliph Mavi to complain about unjust measures against the Orthodox. come to Mavi, the saint found him seriously ill. Calling on the help of the Lord, the holy bishop threw a bit of earth from the Sepulchre of the Lord into a vessel of water and gave it to the caliph to drink, and the sick one was healed. grateful Mavi, favorably disposed towards the saint, happily heard his teachings. Finally, together with three close associates, he accepted holy Baptism with the name John. afterwards for his open confession of faith in Christ before the Moslems, the caliph John was killed with his three associates. appeared in a dream simultaneously to Saint Theodore and to Theodosius the Stylite, he said that he had been granted to suffer for Christ, and was numbered among the ranks of the Martyrs. He promised that soon he would meet them in the Kingdom of Heaven. was an indication to the saint of God that his own end was approaching. 848, again in solitude at the Lavra of Saint Savva the Sanctified, he peacefully departed to the Lord. Theodore has left Christians his edifying writings. Life of Saint Theodore of Edessa was popular reading in Rus during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and was preserved in many manuscripts. Saint Theodore of Edessa, Mesopotamia, Commemorated on July 19; Saint’s father was named Symeon, and his mother’s name was Maria. He received a good education and was distinguished for his philosophical knowledge, as well as for rhetoric. the age of ten he was left as an orphan and gave half of his parents’ wealth to his sister, and kept the other half himself. Sharing this with the poor, he departed for Jerusalem. There he venerated the holy places and, when he was nineteen years old, he became a monk in the Lavra of Saint Savva. Theodore remained there for twenty-four years, leading an ascetic and virtuous life, and became a renowned ascetic. of his great virtues, the Patriarch of Jerusalem made him Bishop of Edessa in 836. was an excellent Archpastor, with his vast theological knowledge, his many virtues, and above all, his great love, which he bestowed abundantly upon his flock. that time Edessa was plagued with many heresies: Arian, Nestorian, Eutychian, etc. holy hierarch instructed his flock in the Orthodox Faith in order to combat these errors. Theodore also went to see the Persian king in Babylon, asking him to protect the Orthodox Christians of Edessa from the malevolence of the heretics. King was very sick, but the Saint healed him and spoke to him about Christ. many days the King was baptized with the name John. returning to Edessa, Saint Theodore was informed in a vision that King John and his three bodyguards, who had been baptized with him, proclaimed their faith openly and received the unfading crown of martyrdom. the approach of death, Saint Theodore retired to the Lavra of Saint Savva. calling the clergy and laity of Edessa together and blessing them, he surrendered his holy soul to the Heavenly Father in the year 848. Basil of Emessa wrote the Saint’s life in Greek, which is preserved at the Ivḗron Monastery on Mount Athos.

Armenia, 900, 10th C Folder, Tranx Gregory's incorrupt rlcs tC, Nikon Metanoeite repent preacher, Athanasius' Athos Great Larva

Armenia, 911, Transfer Theolgn Gregory's incrrpt Relics Nazianzos, Cappadocia, Armenia (Great Road fEphesus) to Constantinople
Armenia, 911, Transfer Theolgn Gregory's incrrpt Relics Nazianzos, Cappadocia, Armenia (Great Road from Ephesus) to Constantinople, incorrupt relics uncovered 3times, 395,408, 911, transferred 911 to Constantinople churches: Hagia Sophia, Hagia Sophia, &Holy Resurrection, Kept there till 1204 Latin Catholic Invasion; Nazianzos; The transfer of the relics of Saint Gregory the Theologian, Commemorated on January 19; to some researchers, the uncovering of the relics of Saint Gregory the Theologian (Jan. 25) occurred (3times) Nazianzus during the reign of Emperor Arkadios (395-408), of Theodosios II (408-450), (at the transfer to C) that of Emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitos (911 - 959) they were enshrined in the Church of the Holy Apostles at Constantinople. His honorable head is reverently kept in Vatopedi Monastery on Mount Athos. the year 1204, when the Western Crusaders captured Constantinople, portions of Saint Gregory’s relics were kept in the church of Hagia Sophia, in the church of the Holy Apostles, and in the church of the Holy Resurrection. St Gregory the Theologian the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated January 25 ;

Armenia, 913-962, Michael oMaleninus founder Kyminas Monastery, Tenedos Island n Troy, giving, dispassion, clairvoyance
Troy, 913-962, Michael oMaleninus and Kyminas Monastery, Tenedos Island near Troy, 953 approx., fCappadocia, wealthy powerful parents, 925 tMt Kyminas, met monk John heladites, elder of great virtue, brought home few months, returned, alone in cave, 5days fasting prayer, 2days services, after John reposed used great inheritance built Larva Kyminas, gave it all to poor & suffering, high degree dispassion, clairvoyance, very compassionate, many miracles, cenobitic m, many great ascetics through there, Athanasios the Athonite of Great Larva, Kyminas calligraphers, copying, new remote monastery (Dry Lake), Kyminas covered monastic communities, constant prayers for whole world, surrendered soul advanced age while still vigorus; Wikipedia directs Kyminas to Tenedos ; Venerable Michael of Maleinus, Commemorated on July 12 ; Michael lived during the reign of Emperor Constantine VI (913-959) until the reign of Basil II, the Bulgar-slayer (976 - 1025). was born in Cappadocia to devout and wealthy parents, Eudókimos and Anastasó (Ἀναστασῶ). Eustáthios, paternal grandfather, was a patrician; and his maternal grandfather, Adrálestos, held the rank of General of the East. ḗl (the Saint's name in the world) was brought up in the east, but soon he realized the futility of worldly honors and goods. the year 925, he fled to Mount Kyminas (Όρος Κύμινας) in Bithynia. he met a monk named John Heladites, an Elder of great virtue, and asked him if he might stay nearby. Elder accepted him, but after a while, his father discovered where he was, and after many entreaties, he brought him home. a few months, however, and with this permission of his parents, he returned to his Elder, who received him with great joy. he begged Father John to allow him to live alone in a cave, and the Elder blessed him to do this. five days of the week he devoted himself to fasting, vigil, and prayer. On Saturday and Sunday he came to the monastery to participate in the Divine Services, and to partake of the Holy Mysteries. three years of probation, Manouḗl was tonsured as a monk with the name Michael. after Elder John had reposed, Father Michael took the great inheritance he had received from his family and gave it away to the poor and the suffering. Michael was deemed worthy of ordination to the priesthood. From the Holy Scriptures, he showed how the priesthood ought to be combined with monasticism. attained a high degree of dispassion, and he also received the gift of clairvoyance. He was very compassionate and kind toward people. He could not bear to let those who were in need or sorrow remain without help and consolation. By his ardent prayers, he performed many miracles. Michael also founded the famous Lavra of Kyminas, where many brethren received their spiritual formation. had organized it as a cenobitic monastery, suffusing it with fraternal love. great ascetics passed through this Monastery, whom was Saint Athanasios the Athonite (July 5), the founder of the Greatest Lavra (Μεγίστη Λαύρα) on the Holy Mountain. Monastery was also renowned for its calligraphers, and for copying spiritual books. the monastery was secure, Saint Michael went to an even more remote place, where he built a new monastery. his efforts, the whole mountain of Kyminas was covered with monastic communities, where constant prayers were offered for the entire world before the Throne of the Most High. an advanced age, but still vigorous in faith and in spirit, Saint Michael surrendered his holy soul to God in the year 962.

Armenia, 920-998, Nikon Metanoeite, gifted repentence Preacher, Pontus to Sparta, little heed, then miracles, sorrow b confessn
Armenia, 920-998, Nikon Metanoeite, the Preacher of Repentance, Pontus Polemoniacus Area (Kelkit River 2), wealthy son, to monastery, gifted preacher, Crete, Euboea, Aegina, Peloponnesus, repent, little heed, then miracles & loving nature, true sorrow for sins by prayer self denial confession, cave outside sparta, downtown sparta; Pontus Polemoniacus Area; Venerable Nikon Metanoeite, the Preacher of Repentance, Commemorated November 26 ; Nikon Metanoeite (“the Preacher of Repentance”) was born at Pontus Polemoniacus at the beginning of the tenth century. was the son of a wealthy landowner, and he was given the name Nicetas in Baptism. he had no desire to take over the management of his family’s wealth and estates, Nicetas entered the monastery of Chrysopetro, where he shone forth in prayer and asceticism. he received the monastic tonsure, he was given the new name Nikon. The new name symbolizes a new life in the Spirit (Romans 7:6), and the birth of the new man (Ephesians 4:24). monk is expected to stop associating himself with the old personality connected to his former life in the world, and to devote himself entirely to God. Nikon had a remarkable gift for preaching. he spoke of virtue and spiritual matters, his listeners were filled with heartfelt compunction and love for God. words produced such spiritual fruit in those who heard him that he was asked to travel through the eastern regions to preach. visited Armenia, Crete, Euboea, Aegina, and the Peloponnesus, proclaiming the Gospel of Christ. “Repent, for the Kingdom of Heaven is at hand.” was the message of Saint John the Baptist (Matthew 3:2), and of Christ Himself (Matthew 4:17). was also the message of Saint Nikon. Wherever he went, he would begin his sermons with “Repent,” hence he was called “Nikon Metanoeite,” or “Nikon, the Preacher of Repentance.” first, people paid little heed to his message. Then gradually he won their hearts through his preaching, his miracles, and his gentle, loving nature. stressed the necessity for everyone to repent, warning that those who utter a few sighs and groans and think that they have achieved true repentance have deluded themselves. Nikon told the people that true sorrow for one’s sins is cultivated by prayer, self-denial, almsgiving, ascetical efforts, and by confession to one’s spiritual Father. sowing the seeds of piety, Saint Nikon began to see them bear fruit. People started to change their lives, but he urged them to strengthen their souls in virtue and good works so that they would not be overwhelmed by the cares of this world. Saint Nikon settled in a cave outside Sparta. Soon he moved into the city, because so many people were coming to hear him. In the center of Sparta, he built a church dedicated to Christ the Savior. In time a monastery grew up around the church. Nikon never ceased to preach the Word of God, and to lead people back to the spiritual life of the Church. He also healed the sick, and performed many other miracles. Nikon fell asleep in the Lord in 998, and his memory was honored by the people around Sparta. During the Turkish occupation of Greece, however, he was all but forgotten, except in Sparta. After the Greek Revolution in 1821, a service to Saint Nikon was composed by Father Daniel Georgopoulos, and was based on the saint’s Life, which had been written by Igumen Gregory of Saint Nikon’s Monastery in 1142. Nikon was recognized as the patron saint of the diocese of Monemvasia and Lakedaimonia in 1893 when the cathedral church in Sparta was dedicated to Saint Nikon, the Preacher of Repentance.

Armenia, 940-1003, Athanasius of Athos, born in Trebizond, baptised Abraham, raised by nun's habits, founded Great Larva
Armenia, 940-1003, Athanasius of Athos, born in Trebizond, Pontine, Armenia (Black Sea, Silk Road, Harsit River) baptised Abraham, orphaned, raised by nun, raised monastic habits, fasting prayer, smart, court of Romanus the Elder w Nikephorus, he hated his place for a year then divine light made him love it, N came & paid for his monastery, ran out of food, MOG at spring of A turned him around and promised to lead ; Trebizond (Black Sea, Silk Road) ; Venerable Athanasius the Founder of the Great Lavra and Coenobitic Monasticism on Mt. Athos, Commemorated on July 5; Athanasius of Athos, in holy Baptism named Abraham, was born in the city of Trebezond. He was orphaned at an early age, and being raised by a certain good and pious nun, he imitated his adoptive mother in the habits of monastic life, in fasting and in prayer. Doing his lessons came easily and he soon outpaced his peers in study. the death of his adoptive mother, Abraham was taken to Constantinople, to the court of the Byzantine emperor Romanus the Elder, and was enrolled as a student under the renowned rhetorician Athanasius. In a short while the student attained the mastery of skill of his teacher and he himself became an instructor of youths. Reckoning as the true life that of fasting and vigilance, Abraham led a strict and abstinent life, he slept little and then only sitting upon a stool, and barley bread and water were his nourishment. When his teacher Athanasius through human weakness became jealous of his student, blessed Abraham gave up his teaching position and went away. these days there had arrived at Constantinople Saint Michael Maleinos (July 12), igumen of the Kyminas monastery. Abraham told the igumen about his life, and revealed to him his secret desire to become a monk. holy Elder, discerning in Abraham a chosen vessel of the Holy Spirit, became fond of him and taught him much in questions of salvation. One time during their spiritual talks Saint Michael was visited by his nephew, Nikēphóros Phocas, a military officer and future emperor. Abraham’s lofty spirit and profound mind impressed Nikēphóros, and all his life he regarded the saint with reverent respect and with love. Abraham was consumed by his zeal for the monastic life. Having forsaken everything, he went to the Kyminas monastery and, falling down at the feet of the holy igumen, he begged to be received into the monastic life. The igumen fulfilled his request with joy and tonsured him with the name Athanasius. long fasts, vigils, bending of the knees, with works night and day Athanasius soon attained such perfection, that the holy igumen blessed him for the exploit of silence in a solitary place not far from the monastery. Later on, having left Kyminas, he made the rounds of many desolate and solitary places, and guided by God, he came to a place called Melanos, at the very extremity of Athos, settling far off from the other monastic dwellings. Here the monk made himself a cell and began to live an ascetical life in works and in prayer, proceeding from exploit to exploit towards higher monastic attainment. enemy of mankind tried to arouse in Saint Athanasius hatred for the place chosen by him, and assaulted him with constant suggestions in thought. The ascetic decided to suffer it out for a year, and then wherever the Lord should direct him, he would go. On the last day of this year’s length of time, when Saint Athanasius set about to prayer, a heavenly light suddenly shone upon him, filling him with an indescribable joy, all the thoughts dissipated, and from his eyes welled up graced tears. From that moment Saint Athanasius received the gift of tenderness , and he became as strongly fond of the place of his solitude as he had formerly loathed it. this time Nikēphóros Phocas, having had enough of military exploits, remembered his vow to become a monk and from his means he besought Saint Athanasius to build a monastery, i.e., to build cells for him and the brethren, and a church where the brethren could commune of the Divine Mysteries of Christ on Sundays. to shun cares and worries, Saint Athanasius at first would not agree to accept the hateful gold, but seeing the fervent desire and good intent of Nikēphóros, and discerning in this the will of God, he set about the building of the monastery. He built a large church in honor of the holy Prophet and Forerunner of Christ, John the Baptist, and another church at the foot of a hill, in the name of the Most Holy Theotokos. Around the church were the cells, and a wondrous monastery arose on the Holy Mountain. In it were a trapeza (dining area), a hospice for the sick and for taking in wanderers, and other necessary structures. flocked to the monastery from everywhere, not only from Greece, but also from other lands, simple people and illustrious dignitaries, desert-dwellers having labored in asceticism for long years in the wilderness, igumens from many monasteries and hierarchs wanting to become simple monks in the Athos Lavra of Saint Athanasius. saint established at the monastery a cenobitic monastic Rule on the model of the old Palestinian monasteries. Divine services were served with all strictness, and no one was so bold as to talk during the services, nor to come late or leave the church without necessity. Heavenly Patroness of Athos, the All-Pure Mother of God Herself, was graciously disposed towards the saint. Many times he was privileged to see Her with his own eyes. God’s dispensation, there once occurred such a hunger, that the monks one after the other quit the Lavra. The saint remained all alone and, in a moment of weakness, he also considered leaving. Suddenly he beheld a Woman beneath an ethereal veil, coming to meet him. “Who are you and where are you going?” She asked quietly. Saint Athanasius from an innate deference halted. “I am a monk from here,” Saint Athanasius replied, and spoke about himself and his worries. “Would you forsake the monastery which was intended for glory from generation unto generation, just for a morsel of dry bread? Where is your faith? around, and I shall help you.” “Who are you?” asked Athanasius. “I am the Mother of the Lord,” She answered, and bid Athanasius to strike his staff upon a stone. From the fissure there gushed forth a spring of water, which exists even now, in remembrance of this miraculous visitation. brethren grew in number, and the construction work at the Lavra continued. Athanasius, foreseeing the time of his departure to the Lord, prophesied about his impending end and besought the brethren not to be troubled over what he foresaw. “For Wisdom disposes otherwise than as people judge.” The brethren were perplexed and pondered the words of the saint. giving the brethren his final guidance and comforting all, Saint Athanasius entered his cell, put on his mantiya and holy kukolion (head covering), which he wore only on great feasts, and emerged after prolonged prayer. and joyful, the holy igumen went up with six of the brethren to the top of the church to inspect the construction. through the imperceptible will of God, the top of the church collapsed. Five of the brethren immediately gave up their souls to God. Saint Athanasius and the architect Daniel, thrown upon the stones, remained alive. heard the saint call out to the Lord, “Glory to Thee, O God! Lord, Jesus Christ, help me!” The brethren with great weeping began to dig out their father from the rubble, but they found him already dead.

Armenia, 976-979, Army of Asia Minor Commander, Bardas Skleros, Melitene
Army of Asia Minor Commander, 976-979, Bardas Skleros, Melitene, Bardas Skleros Commanded Asian Rebellion against Byzantine Emperor Basil II; St (John) Tornike of Mt Athos, Commemorated on June 12;

Armenia, 1000, 11th C Folder, Arab Muslim Conquest, Battle oManzikert Turks over Byzantine Empire

Armenia, 1060-1360, Arab Muslim Conquest of Anatolia
Armenia, 1060-1360, Arab Muslim Conquest of Anatolia;

Armenia, 1071, Battle of Manzikert, Turks over Byzantine Empire
Armenia, Battle of Manzikert 1071;

Armenia, 1100, 12th C Folder,

Armenia, 1200, 13th C Folder, Battle oBassian, Georgia over Turks

Armenia, 1203, Battle of Basian, Georgia and Tamar over Sunni Persian Turks
Armenia, Battle of Basian, 1203; Basiani is 60 km Northeast of Erzurum; St Eulogius of Salosi, the Prophet and Fool-for-Christ, Commemorated on April 1; St John Shavteli of Salosi, Bishop of Gaenati, Georgia, Commemorated on April 1; Right-believing Tamara, Queen of Georgia, Commemorated on May 1; Holy Queen Tamara, Commemorated on May 8; St John of Shavtel-Gaenati, Commemorated on June 9;

Armenia, 1300, 14th C Folder, Theodosius tMet oTrebizond Empire

Armenia, 1349-1390, Trebizond Emperor, Alexius III, rich monastery endowments, subdued nobles&Turks, gave Daughters fSecurity
Armenia, 1349-1390, Trebizond Emperor, Alexios III Megas Komnenos, Alexius III, most famous Treb ruler, religious grants, literary creations, son oBasil&Irene, hansome blond, stout well formed, gay liberal, tConstantinoople wMom wDad died, raised Byzanine Court, 1349 b tTreb a11 tReplace deposed gUncle Regent Michael, accepted by nobility incl Niketas woOpposition, name fJohn tAlexios, crowned wMom&John Lazaropoulos, confining Michael tMonastery, married B Emperor relative Theodora K, despaired aristocrats squabbles retired tTripolis, supported bMom&loyal Generals, courtiers incl historian, subdued insubordinate nobles 1by1, fostered peace wTurks, wMarriage alliances, improved position, less reliance kingmaker Niketas, N fled tKerasous, prepared fleet, sailed against Treb, turned away, Alex sailed against Kerasous wMom&Metropolitan &won, N imprisoned, Civil war over but assaaaination attempt, arrested noble assasins, Met Niphon deposed fcomplicity, replaced bJohn L, despite his victory he still granted Nobles Land charters, external, lost tTurks 1355, gave daughters to muslim princes &Georgian King, tried to displace Genoese&Venitians dominant Treb trade positions, Venice had lost t Genoa 1349, 1360 he attempted restore Venitian Treb commerce to offset Genoa position, but Venitians not content &Quarreled wGenoese, another concession failed also, 1373 Venicians&Genoa enemy Dobrotitsa oDobruja conspired to impose son-in Law Michael Palaioglogos, son oJohn V, on Treb throne, abandoned a5days, A died 1390, he had repaired physical damage tTreb, gave rich monastery endowments, like Soumela, founded Dionysiou m oAthos, ; Pontine, 1349-1390, Trebizond Emperor, Alexios III Megas Komnenos; III Megas Komnenos (5 October 1338 – 20 March 1390),[1] or Alexius III, Emperor of Trebizond from December 1349 until his death. is perhaps the best-documented ruler of that country, his reign is distinguished by a number of religious grants and literary creations. was the son of Emperor Basil of Trebizond and his second (and bigamous) wife, Irene of Trebizond. III was originally named John, and took the name Alexios either in memory of his older brother who had died prematurely or of his paternal grandfather, Emperor Alexios II of Trebizond. personal appearance was described by George Finlay as "extremely noble". Finlay contributes the following details: "He was , blonde, and regular-featured, with an aquiline nose, which, his flatterers often reminded him, was considered by Plato to be a royal feature. person he was stout and well formed; disposition he was gay and liberal; his enemies reproached him with rashness, violence, and brutal passions."[2] life and reign[edit] Basil died on April 6, 1340, and his first wife Irene Palaiologina succeeded him, she sent all the children of her dead husband to Constantinople together with their mother.[3] was raised at the Byzantine court. he was eleven years old, he was sent to Trebizond by Emperor John VI Kantakouzenos to replace his deposed great-uncle Michael, who had been an instrument of the regency Kantakouzenos had displaced. arrived in Trebizond on December 22, 1349,[4] and was accepted as emperor by the nobility headed by megas doux Niketas Scholares without opposition. was at this point that he adopted the name Alexios, and he was crowned on January 21, 1350, in the company of his mother Irene and of John Lazaropoulos.[5] position was safeguarded by confining the deposed Emperor Michael to a monastery. 1351 the connection to John VI Kantakouzenos was strengthened by further diplomatic initiatives. deposed Emperor Michael was exiled to Constantinople, on September 20, 1351, Alexios III married Theodora Kantakouzene, a relative of the Byzantine Emperor, the newly rebuilt Church of St. Eugenios. the time being, Alexios was accepted as emperor because of his youth to quote William Miller, "not calculated to bring peace to the state, distracted for the previous decade by the jealousies and ambitions of rival gangs of noble place-hunters".[6] the aristocrats squabbled with each other, Alexios despaired of security in his capital retired to the coastal castle of Tripolis.[7] young emperor was supported by his mother and some loyal generals and courtiers, Michael Panaretos, whose laconic chronicle is the principal source on the political history of the Empire of Trebizond. them he subdued insubordinate nobles one by one. and his court further strengthened their position by fostering peaceful relations with the Turkmen marriage alliances as that between the emperor's oldest sister Maria and Fahreddin Kutlubeg of Aq Qoyunlu in 1352.[8] Alexios' position improved, he relied less on the kingmaker Niketas. June 1354 the megas doux was forced to flee to Kerasous, where he prepared a fleet consisting of one galley and eleven smaller vessels that sailed against Trebizond in March 1355. rebels realized that they would be unable to win and abandoned their expedition. fitted out his own fleet of galleys and several smaller crafts, and in May sailed to Kerasous with the company of his mother and the Metropolitan of Trebizond, and conquered the town in the absence of Niketas. emperor's cavalry besieged the last fortress loyal to the megas doux, Kenchrina, and obtained its surrender. and his aristocratic supporters were taken captive and brought to Trebizond, where he died in 1360.[9] the imprisonment of Niketas, Michael Panaretos' leaves off writing of the civil war. writers conclude this means the civil war itself ended, an attempt by the Kabasites and other nobles to assassinate Alexios III in 1363 may be part of that conflict. escaped their ambush and later, with the help of loyal soldiers, arrested all of them. Metropolitan Niphon was deposed for his complicity in the plot and died confined in a monastery the following year.[10] was replaced with the emperor's supporter John Lazaropoulos, who became Metropolitan of Trebizond under the monastic name Joseph. spite of his victories over the nobles, Alexios showed restraint and willingness to compromise by granting charters to noble families confirming them in possession of their lands.[11] affairs[edit] III began dealing with strengthening the frontier against the Turkmen before the end of the civil unrest. this he was less successful, and suffered a major defeat in battle in 1355. and Panaretos barely escaped with their lives.[12] raid on Matzouka by Hajji 'Umar, the emir of Chalybia, was neutralized by diplomacy, and he was married to Alexios' sister Theodora in 1358. continued this policy of seeking diplomatic alliances with the neighboring Muslim princes, the marriages of four of his daughters; fifth, Anna Megale Komnene, became the second wife of King Bagrat V of Georgia.[13] was also unable to displace the Genoese and Venetians from their dominant position in Trebizond's commerce. position of Venice had declined following the concession of Leonkastron to the Genoese in 1349, in 1360 Alexios attempted to restore commercial relations with Venice to offset the power of the Genoese. 1364 he confirmed to the Venetians their old privileges and assigned them a depot "below the monastery of the holy martyr, Theodore Gabras". the Venetians were not content with their gains and jealously quarreled with the Genoese. concession to Venice followed in 1367, and gradually lowered some of the dues levied on Venetian commerce.[14] Alexios' attempt to exploit the commerce of the Italian republics resulted in considerable resentment. 1373 the Venetians conspired with the despotes Dobrotitsa of Dobruja (an enemy of the Genoese) to impose his son-in-law Michael Palaiologos, a younger son of Emperor John V Palaiologos, upon the throne of Trebizond. Palaiologos appeared before Trebizond with two large ships and a small one, and remained there for five days until he abandoned the plan and left.[15] with Venice were patched up, but although Alexios further reduced the dues he collected from the Venetians in 1381, their trade with Trebizond continued to decline. III died on March 20, 1390, was succeeded by his son Manuel III. his long reign, Alexios III had repaired the physical damage to the capital, gave rich endowments to several monasteries, especially Soumela Monastery, and founded the Dionysiou monastery at Mount Athos.[16] Bryer explains this largesse was due a series of confiscations following the defeat of the notables who had opposed a strong central government, forth a timeline showing how as archontes were executed and their properties reverted to the crown, could refound monasteries such as St. Phokas in Kordyle (1362), Soumela (1364), Dionysiou (1374), and Theoskepastos (1376). sequence of recovery, or expansion, of the imperial demesne, which is the clue to Alexios III's triumph over his landowning rivals, is clear enough."[17] Trebizond Empire, 13th-15th Centuries, Pontaine (Black Sea, Silk Road, Harsit River); Trebizond (Black Sea, Silk Road) ; Venerable Theodosius the Metropolitan of Trebizond, Commemorated on January 11 ;

Armenia, 1355-1392, Theodosius tMet oTrebizond, TEmpire, 1375 igumen Philotheou, then Met Trebizond Empire
Greece, 1355-1392, Theodosius tMet oTrebizond, TEmpire, fKoritsa (Kastorian hills, right on Via Egnatia of K Triangle), Constantinople monk a18, tPhilotheou oAthos, 1375 igumen there, then Met oTrebizond in Trebizond Empire, then persuaded John Alexius Komnenos build Dionsious oAthos, died 1392; Koritsa (Kastorian hills) ; Venerable Theodosius the Metropolitan of Trebizond, Commemorated on January 11 ; Theodosius, Metropolitan of Trebizond, born in the village of Koritsa, near the Kastorian hills. eighteen years of age he became a monk at Constantinople went to the Philotheou monastery on Mount Athos, where he led a strict ascetic life. was chosen igumen of the monastery in 1375, afterwards was made Metropolitan of Trebizond because of the holiness of his life. He persuaded John Alexius Komnenos to build the monastery of Dionysiou on Mount Athos. a God-pleasing life, he died in Trebizond in 1392.

Armenia, 1700, 18th C Folder, New Martyr Theocharis, starvation sentence, not feel hunger

Armenia, 1740, New Martyr Theocharis, refused Islam&daughter, starvation sentence, not feel hunger, stoned&hanged
Armenia, 1740, New Martyr Theocharis, at Neapolis (Nevsehir) in Cappadocia, Greater Armenia, Roman Roads Intersection Great Road across Turkey and to Cilicia, Governor decreed Christian boys tConcentration camps, including T, but Judge liked him, brought him home, offered wed his daughter, if convert tIslam, T refused, starvation sentence, nourished bPrayer, not feel hunger, satisfied little water, refused again, stoned and hanged, 1923 right hand tThessaloniki; Neapolis (Nevsehir) in Cappadocia, Greater Armenia; Holy New Martyr Theocharis, Commemorated on August 20; the year 1740 Sultan Ahmed and Ibrahim Pasha, the governor of Asia Minor, a decree was issued that Christian boys should be placed in concentration camps. orphan Theocharis was among them. a certain day, however, the judge of Neapolis (Nevsehir) in Cappadocia, saw Theocharis in the camp, he liked him, and brought him home to care for his animals. ’s piety and comeliness prompted the judge to suggest that he become his son-in-law, after first becoming a Moslem. answered courageously, “My master, I was born a Christian, and I cannot deny the faith of my Savior and of my fathers.” Ottoman judge considered the answer to be offensive and threatened him with torture, and then he sentenced him to death by starvation. went to church to confess and to partake of the spotless Mysteries, and then returned to his master. When he repeated his refusal and confessed his faith, they threw him into prison without food for many days. was nourished by prayer, however and did not feel hunger; he was satisfied with a little water once in a while. the judge repeated his offer to let him marry his daughter, Theocharis firmly refused. Then, after frightful torture, they took him an hour’s journey from the city of Neapolis, where he was stoned and then hanged at noon on a white poplar tree on August 20, 1740. 1923, the right hand of St. Theocharis was brought to Thessaloniki and was placed in the Church of St. Katherine, where it remains today.

Armenia, 1800, 19th C Folder, Theodore oAtchara, Georgia&Trebizond

Armenia, 1801-1822, Theodore oAtchara, islamization, Trebizond exile, tGeorgian m iSmyrna, deputy abbot, killed oAthos pilgrmage
Georgia, 1801-, Hieromartyr Theodore oAtchara (Adjara river region of Southwestern Georgia), one oMany Atcharians martyred by Ottomans, his family fled to Trebizond, many killed in A, forced Islamization, annihilated those resisting, began to evict those arrousing suspecians even though they had accepted Islam, from childhood he watched countrymen forceably converted secretly retain christian way oLife, he received Christianity, tGeorgian monastery in Smyrna, t monk, deputy abbot, converted his nephew, 1822 Pilgrimage tAthos, but Ottomans attempting crush Greek Independence, Athos surrounded by Ottomans, he was captured, killed, body into sea, cannonized in 2002; Atchara (Adjara River region of Southwestern Georgia); Hieromartyr Theodore of Atchara, Commemorated on February 17; Hieromartyr Theodore of Atchara belongs to the glorious multitude of Atcharan faithful who were martyred at the hands of the Ottomans. Theodore was born in the late 18th century. that time the Ottoman invaders had nearly completed the forced Islamization of the Atcharan region. had already annihilated those who resisted the conversion were beginning to evict those who, in spite of their apparent acceptance of Islam, continued to “arouse suspicions.” abandoned their native region and fled to foreign lands. Theodore was born to a family that had been forced into exile. his childhood he watched his fellow countrymen, who had been forcibly converted to Islam, secretly retain their Christian way of life. is unclear how the saint’s family settled in Trebizond (modern Trabzon). is known, however, that Saint Theodore managed to free himself from Islam, receive Christianity, and find refuge at a Georgian monastery in Smyrna (now Izmir). he was tonsured a monk and later raised to the rank of proigoumenos (deputy abbot). is also known that Saint Theodore converted his nephew to Christianity during that time. 1822 Saint Theodore set out on a pilgrimage to Mt. Athos. at the same time the Ottomans were attempting to crush the Greek independence movement, the Holy Mountain was surrounded by Ottoman soldiers. captured the faithful pilgrim and killed him. they tossed the holy martyr’s body into the sea. Holy Synod of the Georgian Apostolic Orthodox Church canonized Holy Martyr Theodore on October 17, 2002.

Armenia, 1900, 20th C Folder, WWI Commander Quarters, Armenian Genocide, Wilsonian Armenia tPontus, Paisios otHoly Mt

Armenia, 1914, World War I quarters of supreme commander-in-chief in 1914
World War I quarters of supreme commander-in-chief in 1914 Appearance of the Mother of God to St Sergius of Radonezh, Commemorated on August 24; Caucasus Campaign, 1914 ;

Armenia, 1915-1923, Armenian Genocide, by Turkey, series of massacres and starvation 1.5M by Ottomans
Armenia, 1915-1923, Armenian Genocide, by Turkey, series of massacres and starvation 1.5M by Ottomans; 1915 Armenian Genocide; Genocide Remembrance Day or Armenian Genocide Memorial Day[5] is a public holiday in Armenia and the Republic of Artsakh and is observed by the Armenian diaspora on 24 April.[5][6] is held annually to commemorate the victims of the Armenian genocide of 1915. It was a series of massacres and starvation of 1.5 million Armenians by the Ottomans. Yerevan, the capital of Armenia, hundreds of thousands of people walk to the Tsitsernakaberd Genocide Memorial to lay flowers at the eternal flame. Genocide memorial in Saint Sarkis Cathedral, Tehran date 24 April commemorates the deportation of Armenian intellectuals on 24 April 1915 from Constantinople (present-day Istanbul). The first commemoration, organised by a group of Armenian Genocide survivors, was held in Istanbul in 1919 at the local St. Trinity Armenian church.[7] Many prominent figures in the Armenian community participated in the commemoration. Following its initial commemoration in 1919, the date became the annual day of remembrance for the Armenian Genocide.[7] 9 April 1975, the US House of Representatives passed Joint Resolution 148 designating 24 April as a National Day of Remembrance of Man's Inhumanity to Man.[8] The Resolution commemorated the victims of genocide, especially those of Armenian ancestry who succumbed to the genocide perpetrated in 1915, The resolution however failed to pass in the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee due to President Gerald R. Ford’s strong opposition to what he saw as a threat to the country's strategic alliance with Turkey.[9] 1988, Soviet Armenia formally adopted 24 April as a public day of commemoration.[10]: 215  1997 in the US, the California State Assembly declared 24 April as a Day of Remembrance for the Armenian Genocide of 1915–1923, and for the victims of the Sumgait Pogroms of 1988 and Baku Riots of 1990.[10]: 232  2007, Argentina passed National Law 26199, designating 24 April as "Day of Action for Tolerance and Respect among Peoples", in which Armenian Argentines are excused from work.[4][11] 2015, the House of Commons of Canada unanimously passed Motion M-587, proposed by Brad Butt, marking April to be Genocide Remembrance, Condemnation and Prevention Month, and designating 24 April as Armenian Genocide Memorial Day.[12] 2019, France marked its first national commemoration of the genocide,[13][14] with French president Emmanuel Macron declaring 24 April "a national day of remembrance of the Armenian genocide", fulfilling a campaign pledge. 2021, US President Joe Biden recognized the genocide on 24 April, fulfilling a campaign pledge.[15][16] GENOCIDE REMEMBRANCE 1915-1923, Commemorated April 24; Remembrance Day is observed by Armenians in dispersed communities around the world on April 24. It is held annually to commemorate the victims of the Armenian Genocide from 1915 to 1923. date 24 April commemorates the Armenian notables deported from the Ottoman capital in 1915, of hundreds of Armenian intellectuals and community leaders, most of whom would be executed, which was a precursor to the ensuing events. this date is specifically a remembrance of the Armenian genocide, it is clear from the collects that it is intended here to cover all genocides: the killing or harming of people simply because of which ethnic, religious, or national group to which they happen to belong. — more at Wikipedia

Armenia, 1920, Wilsonian Armenia, unimplemented, but went to Trabzon and Pontus
Wilsonian Armenia; Armenia refers to the unimplemented boundary configuration of the First Republic of Armenia in the Treaty of Sèvres, as drawn by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's Department of State.[1] Treaty of Sèvres was a peace treaty that had been drafted and signed between the Western Allied Powers and the defeated government of the Ottoman Empire in August 1920, but it was never ratified and was subsequently superseded by the Treaty of Lausanne. proposed boundaries of Wilsonian Armenia incorporated portions of the Ottoman vilayets of Erzurum, Bitlis, Van, and Trabzon, which had Armenian populations of varying sizes. inclusion of portions of Trabzon Vilayet was intended to provide the First Republic of Armenia with an outlet to the Black Sea at the port of Trabzon. proposed Republic of Pontus was discussed at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, but the Greek government of Eleftherios Venizelos feared the precarious position of such a state, so a portion of it was instead included in the proposed state of Wilsonian Armenia. United States Senate rejected the mandate for Armenia in 1920. outbreak of the Turkish War of Independence led to the Ottoman Empire not ratifying the Treaty of Sèvres. in that year, the Turkish–Armenian War broke out. Armenia was defeated and signed the Treaty of Alexandropol on November 2, renouncing its territorial integrity under the Sèvres Treaty. The Treaty of Kars was negotiated between Soviet Russia and Turkey following the annexation of the Democratic Republic of Armenia by the Soviet Army in December 2, 1920, and signed between the Soviet government in Armenia on October 23, 1921. latter was never accepted, either by the overthrown Armenian government nor later by the Republic of Armenia. The government of Soviet Russia separately negotiated a similar border between what it considered its territory of Armenia and Turkey in the Treaty of Moscow (1921). Great Armenia; Kingdom of Armenia was bordered by Caucasian Albania in the east, by Caucasian Iberia in the north, by the Roman Empire in the west and by Parthia, later succeeded by Sassanid Empire. The border between Caucasian Iberia and Kingdom of Armenia was Kur river, which was also the border between Caucasian Albania and Kingdom of Armenia. Hieromartyr Gregory the Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia; GENOCIDE REMEMBRANCE 1915-1923, Commemorated April 24;

Armenia, 1944-1994, Paisios otHoly Mountain, fCappadocia, Armenia, Great Road, saw tLord a15, special blessing lElisha, visions
Armenia, 1944-1994, Paisios otHoly Mountain, fCappadocia, Armenia (Central Anatolia, Great Road Ephesus to Euphrates, Kizilirmak River), saw the Lord at 15, carpenter at 15, Soldier Greek Civil War 1945-49, to Greece exchange of populations, Kephalonia Is, special blessing bArsenios, monk prophesy, Konitsa in Epeiros, repelled demonic assault wPhilotimo thought, humble t, tἘsphigmenou MAthos, tPhilotheou, idiorhythmic, alone, small schema, professed monastic, tMonastery of the Mother of God of Stomio, tMt Sinai, St Catherins's M, false dLight, beloved bBedouins, cookies fChildren, cross handiwork, more grace, rtMA, Earth sojourner, devine mysteries, conversed wSaints appearing before him, Guardian Angel vision, angelic hymns, shone wHeavenly light, 1966 illness, part lungs r, Convent at Sourote, Thessaloniki, btKatounakia, Lavriote keli oHypatios (Vlachika), uncreated light vision, saints, MOG, &Christ, discussed church matters wEuphemia, illness lMA, returned, Panagouda kelli of Koutloumousίou Monastery, near Karyes, many visitors, 1980s leli aKoutloumousiou, 1993 hemorage, hospitalized, tSourote, tumor large intestine, no medicine painkillers; Cappadocia; Venerable Paisios of the Holy Mountain, Commemorated on July 12; Father Paϊsios of the Holy Mountain was born to devout parents, Pródromos and Eulampίa Enzepίdē, Phárasa in Cappadocia on July 25, 1924. before the family left for Greece because of the exchange of populations,1 he was baptized by Saint Arsenios of Cappadocia (November 10). godfather wanted to name the child Christos, after his grandfather, Archimandrite Arsenios, the parish priest, refused saying, "Not so! He shall be called Arsenios. You shall have many other children, but I am a monk; I will have no children. I want him to be a reminder of me." Arsenios, a man who lived a most holy life, also foretold that he was leaving a monk in his place. gave the child a special blessing, and so, like Elijah and Elisha,2 grace passed from the Spiritual Father to his child. also predicted that he himself would not live more than forty days after he arrived in Greece. Forty days after their arrival in Greece, Saint Arsenios went to the Lord and was buried on the island of Kephaloniá. Greece, the family of little Arsenios settled in Konitsa in Epeiros, he spent his childhood and youth. Nurtured with stories about the wondrous life of Saint Arsenios, the boy, at the age of five, declared that he would become a monk. he learned to read, he was loved by those who had not been taught. went into the forest to study and pray in silence. in the Lives of the Saints, he tried to imitate their ascetical contests with fervent zeal and astonishing exactness. At the same time, he cultivated the virtues of humility and love. completing his studies, Arsenios did not wish to continue with his education, preferring to imitate Christ, and so he learned the trade of a carpenter, which he practiced with diligence and skill. the age of fifteen, he was deemed worthy of seeing the Lord, because of one philotimo3 thought, by which he repelled a demonic assault and a temptation toward impiety. From that time, the fire of God's love increased in him even more, as well as a longing for the monastic life. of turmoil and upheaval followed for Greece, because of foreign occupation and civil war (1945-1949). However, he was both a citizen and a soldier during his service, displaying unparalleled courage and self-sacrifice. Sometimes he volunteered to take the place of married men with families, who were about to be sent to the Front. He was willing to give every moment, and even his life, to save others. In fact, he was often in the line of fire. Not only did he protect many soldiers by his fervent prayers, but he also guarded himself in a miraculous way. most of his military service Arsenios served as a radio operator. He said that they all felt secure only when they communicated with their Division every hour. "When our communication was limited to every two hours," he revealed later, "we felt a bit insecure. Sometimes, when we could be in touch with them just twice a day, we felt uncomfortable, lonely, and lost. The same thing applies to our prayers. The more we pray, the more we feel secure, on a spiritual basis, of course." all these things, he wanted to embrace the angelic life of monasticism, which gives wings of divine love.4 Thus, he went to the Holy Mountain seeking a guide to a life of godly silence. However, he did not manage to fulfill his desire right away. At the same time, people found themselves in great economic difficulty when they called on him for help. Thus, he returned to Konitsa and worked as a carpenter. In 1953, at the age of 29, he forsook the world and went to the Holy Mountain. visiting various Skḗtēs and Kalyves,5 the Saint finally followed the advice of a venerable Elder and joined the brotherhood of the Holy Monastery of Ἐsphigmenou, known at the time for its strictness. There he lived in the midst of everyone and engaged in severe asceticism, surpassing the others in his labors for the grace of Christ and his brethren. Then, on March 27, 1954, he was tonsured and received the name Averkios. But desiring a stricter life of asceticism, he received the Igoumen's blessing and went to live in the Holy Monastery of Philotheou, which was then idiorhythmic. Under the guidance of a hermit, they lived a very strict ascetical life. When his Elder reposed, he left and went to another hermit. This Elder would greet people he had never met by name, and that is what he did with Father Averkios. However, he did not permit Father to live with him. Instead, he told him to take care of another old and sick hermit, and then come back to him for Confession. In this way, Father Averkios prepared himself for the eremitic life, under the guidance of a wise monk, Elder Simeon. March 12, 1956 he was tonsured into the Small Schema and received the name Paϊsios (which means "child"), thanks to Metropolitan Paϊsios II of Caesarea, who was also his compatriot. August 1958, heeding divine counsel, he did not move to the desert, for which he was being prepared, but into the ruined Monastery of the Mother of God of Stomio, which is located near Konitsa. There he lived for four years, living an angelic life, struggling with temptation, working for the people of the region, saving many from the false teachings of Protestant sects who were actiive in their midst, and restored the Monastery with a great deal of labor. 1962, when the work of restoration and the danger from heterodox groups was ended, he left. The Saint pleaded fervently with God to remove the temptations which besieged him every day, and to show him the path he must follow. So, he accepted the invitation of a certain Hierodeacon to accompany him to the God-trodden Mount Sinai. In this waterless place, in the kelli6 of Saints Galaktion and Epistḗmē (November 5) near Saint Katherine's Monastery, living in solitude and in asceticism. One day, as he searched for matches to light his lamp in order to read, a light shone in his cell showing where the matches were. Father Paϊsios did not trust this, so he made the Sign of the Cross, and the light disappeared. At last he lived as he had wanted to live for years, alone and near God. was beloved by the Bedouins, giving them food and money which he earned by selling to the pilgrims wooden crosses that he made himself. The Arab children in the area often visited Father Paϊsios. He wished that he had something to give them, but when he brought his handiwork to the Monastery he asked for some cookies and was told that he had to bring more handiwork to obtain cookies. Father Paϊsios shortened his Prayer Rule and spent more time for his handiwork so that he might have cookies for the children. By this act of love, he discerned that he received even more grace from God. to Mount Athos in 1964, he did not cease his ascetical contests despite his bodily ailments, but maintained his former fervor in his soul. So, living as a stranger and a sojourner on the earth (Genesis 23:4, LXX), he became a citizen of the Heavens. He attained the heights and became a partaker of divine mysteries, with the blessing of the Mother of God. In addition, he conversed with the Saints who appeared before him, and he had a vision of his Guardian Angel. He also heard angelic hymns, and he shone with heavenly light. 1966 he became seriously ill and was admitted to the Center for Thoracic Diseases of Northern Greece (Papanikolaou Hospital). He had a major operation, which resulted in the partial removal of his lungs. Some young women who wished to become nuns donated their blood for his operation. When he recovered he helped them to establish their Convent at Sourotḗ, and was able return to the Holy Mountain. He recuperated at the Holy Monastery of Saint John the Evangelist in Sourotḗ in Thessaloniki, and returned to the Holy Mountain after his recovery. 1967, he moved to Katounákia, specifically to the Lavriote kelli of Hypatios (Vlachika), where he had a vision of the Uncreated Light. He also saw various Saints, the Mother of God, and even Christ Himself. On one occasion, he was visited by Saint Euphēmίa, with whom he discussed certain Church matters. August 12, 1968, Saint Paϊsios came to the Holy Monastery of Stavronikita and lived alone in the kelli of the Holy Cross. There he was tonsured into the Great Schema by the Russian Elder Tikhon, who had the gift of tears. After the latter's repose, Father Paϊsios would visit the Elder's grave to ask him questions, and Father Tikhon would reply from the grave. Paϊsios became ill shortly afterward, and had to leave the Holy Mountain. Then he lived for a time in a monastery in northern Greece. As a consolation, he took with him the relics of Saint Arsenios, who had baptized him. Father Paϊsios did return to Mount Athos and settled in a cell. 1979 he left Holy Cross and, looking for a kelli, went to the Panagouda kelli of Koutloumousίou Monastery, near Karyes. He worked hard to create a kelli with a "Confessor", where he stayed until the end of his life. From the time he settled in Panagouda, a large number of people visited him. In fact, it got so crowded that there were special markers showing the way to his cell, so that the monks would not be disturbed by so many visitors. He also received too many letters. As the Saint said, he became very upset by reading the letters, because he learned only about divorces and mental or physical illnesses. Despite his busy schedule, he continued his intense ascetical life, pausing to rest only two or three hours a day. But he continued to receive and help visitors. He also used to make small printed icons which he gave to them as a blessing. the daily fatigue of Saint Paϊsios, some health problems were added, which tormented him. In the final years of his life, the pains of various diseases such as colitis, which left him permanently dyspeptic, an inguinal hernia, and especially from the cancer with which he had been diagnosed. There was more and more of this, nevertheless, he was calm and did not complain at all. On the contrary, he continued to pray for everyone. the early 1980s he moved near Karyes, to a kelli at Koutloumousίou. 1993 he began to hemorrhage, for which he was hospitalized, saying that "everything will be done, it is convenient for me." In November of the same year, he left the Holy Mountain for the last time, and went to Sourotḗ, to the Monastery of Saint John the Theologian for its Feast Day; and later for the Feast of Saint Arsenios (November 10). He stayed for a few days, but when he was preparing to leave, he fell ill and was taken to Theageneio, where he was diagnosed with a tumor in the large intestine. asked God to grant him bodily and spiritual health. On February 4, 1994, he underwent surgery. The disease was not halted, but it metastasized to the lungs and to the liver. The Saint announced his desire to return to the Holy Mountain on June 13, but a high fever and shortness of breath forced him to remain. At the end of June, his doctors announced that he had only two or three weeks to live at most. On Monday, July 11, 1994 (the Feast of Saint Euphēmίa), Father Paϊsios received Holy Communion for the last time, kneeling by his bed. In the last days of his life he decided not to take medicines or painkillers, despite the horrible pains of his sickness. He reposed on Tuesday, July 12, 1994 at 11:00 and was buried in the Holy Hesychasterion of Saint John the Theologian in Sourotḗ, Thessaloniki, next to Saint Arsenios of Cappadocia, whose Life was written by Saint Paϊsios. January 13, 2015, the Holy Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople met and decided to include Saint Paϊsios of the Holy Mountain in the Hagiologion of the Orthodox Church. May his blessing be upon us. 1 Under the terms of the Treaty of Lausanne, Greeks living in Asia Minor were forced to move to Greece, and Turks living in Greece had to return to Turkey. 2 4 Kings 2:15 (Septuagint). 3 According to Saint Paϊsios, philotimo is a reverent distribution of goodness, the love shown by humble persons, from which every trace of self (ego) has been rooted out. Their hearts are filled with gratitude toward God and to their fellow man; and out of spiritual sensitivity, they try to repay the slightest good which others do to them. 4 "Life is blessed for those in the wilderness, as they fly upon the wings of divine love" (Sunday Matins: Hymn of Degrees, Tone 5, First Antiphon). 5 Skḗtē: Typically a settlement of hermits near a common church, known as the kyriakon. Kalyva: cells gathered around a church. 6 A monk's cell, or a monastic establishment consisting of a building with a chapel in it, and some land. Usually, a kelli was inhabited by three monks.

Armenia, 9999, unknown C Folder

Armenia, 9999, Eubulus aCaesurea, Armenia, tC to visit Christians in Prison, thrown to wild beasts by Firmilianus, martyrdom
Armenia, , Eubulus aCaesurea (Kayseri), Armenia, Cappadocian Capital (Great Road, Kizilirmak River 4), fBaneas like Adrian, to Caesarea to visit Christians in Prison, arrested by Firmilianus, thrown to wild beasts, thereby martyrdom; Caesurea, Cappadocia; Martyr Eubulus at Caesarea, Cappadocia, February 3 ; Eubulus, like Saint Adrian, was from Baneas, in Caesarea of Cappadocia. went to Caesarea to visit Christians in prison, and was arrested by Governor Firmilianus. was thrown to the wild beasts, and thereby received the crown of martyrdom.

Armenia, Ceyhan River Folder, Eastern Cilicia

Ceyhan River

Ceyan River 2nd Source

Ceyan River Source (along the border)

Lake Zagura, Cilicia
Lake Zagura; Finding of the Icon of the Mother of God at the Miasena Monastery, Commemorated September 1 ; Martyr Kyriake of Nicomedia, Commemorated on July 7;

Miasena Monastery Celicia, near Melitene Armenia
Miasena Monastery ; Finding of the Icon of the Mother of God at the Miasena Monastery, Commemorated September 1 ; Uncovering of the relics St Acacius the Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated on September 15; Martyr Kyriake of Nicomedia, Commemorated on July 7;

Ceyhan River Source 2

Ceyan River 1

Ceyan River 2 (Cucusus)

Cucusus, Armenia and Cilicia (near Ceyan River 2), Remote place of several exiles
Cucusus, Syria (near Ceyan River 2), Remote place of several exiles; St. Paul the Confessor the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated on November 6;

Ceyan River 3

Ceyan River 4

Arabian Plate and Cilicia
Arabian Plate and Cilicia; Martyr and Unmercenary Cosmas and his brother in Cilicia, Commemorated on October 17;

Amanus Mountains, Cilicia
Amanus Mountains

Gulf of Isska, Eastern Cilicia, Armenia, near the city of Ossos
Gulf of Isska, near the city of Ossos; Saint Theodosius of Antioch, Commemorated on January 11;

Ceyan River 10 (Anazarbus)

Anazarbus, Cilicia (Aleian plain, Ceyhan River 10)
Anazarbus (Aleian plain, Ceyhan River); Martyr Domnina of Anazarbus, Commemorated on October 12 ; Marinus the Elder at Anazarbus, Commemorated October 18 ; Martyr Helladius in Cilicia, Commemorated February 5 ; Martyr Theodula of Anazarbus in Cilicia, Commemorated February 5 ; Martyr Julian of Anazarbus, Commemorated on March 16

Aleian plain, Cilicia
Aleian plain;

Isso (Sis), Cilicia (Aleian River Plain, Ceyhan River 10)
Sis (Isso), Cilicia (Aleian River Plain, Ceyhan River 10); Isso in Cilicia, Sis (Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia) ; St. Simeon Stylites, the Elder, Commemorated on September 1; Venerable Martha the Mother of St Simeon Stylites, Commemorated on September 1; Martyr Aristion the Bishop of Alexandria, Commemorated September 3 ;

Ceyan River 11 (Adana)

Ceyan River 12 (Colophon)

Colophon, Cilicia (Ceyhan River Mouth)
Colophon, Cilicia ; Apostle Onesiphorus of the Seventy, Commemorated September 7 ;

Ceyhan (Prymus) River Mouth (Mediterranean Sea)
Ceyhan River;

Aegeae, Cilicia (Ceyhan River Mouth)
Aegeae, Cilicia; Cilicia, 250-287, Unmercenaries, Saints, Cosmos and Damien; Venerable Joseph of Zaonikiev Monastery, Vologda, Commemorated on September 21; Martyr Claudius of Aegae in Cilicia, Commemorated on October 29; Martyr Zenobia of Aegae in Cilicia, Commemorated on October 30; Wonderworker and Unmercenary Cosmas of Asia Minor, Commemorated on November 1 ; Wonderworker and Unmercenary Damian of Mesopotamia, Commemorated on November 1 ;

Armenia, Northeast Turkey and West Georgia, Laze Folder

Chorokhi River

Chorokhi River 4 (Nigali Gorge)

Laze, Armenia, Capital Artvin (Chorokhi River 4)
Laz People, Laze, Armenia, Capital Artvin; Martyrs of Lazeti, Commemorated on April 29;

Atchara, Armenia (Adjara river region of Southwestern Georgia)
Atchara (Adjara River region of Southwestern Georgia); Commemoration of the apparition of the Pillar with the Robe of the Lord under it at Mtskheta in Georgia, Commemorated on October 1; St Sidonia of Georgia, Commemorated on October 1; Hieromartyr Theodore of Atchara, Commemorated on February 17; Gallows and a guillotine were erected in the villages of Atcharistsqali, Keda, Chakvi, Khulo, Machakhela, and Gonio. The documents preserved in the manuscript collection at Akhaltsikhe Museum describe in even more horrific detail the martyrdom of the Atcharan Christians. Martyred Fathers and Mothers of Atchara, Commemorated on May 29;

Armenia, Tigris River Folder

Tigris River

Tigris River Route

Tigris River Source (Lake Hazar)

Tigris River 1

Tigris River 2 (Martyropolis, Turkey)

Martyropolis, Armenia (Tigris River 2)
Martyropolis; St Maruthas the Bishop of Martyropolis in Mesopotamia, Commemorated on February 16;

Tigris River 3 (Mosul Dam Lake)

Nisibis, Armenia (Tigris River 3)
Nisibis (Mesopotamia); Martyr Dometius of Persia, Commemorated on August 7; St James the Bishop of Nisibis, Commemorated January 13 ; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated January 28 ; St Platonida (Platonis) of Nisibis, Syria, Commemorated on April 6; Martyr Bata the Persian, Commemorated on May 1; Apostle Bartholomew of the Twelve, Commemorated on June 11 ; Virginmartyr Febronia of Nisibis, Commemorated on June 25;

Sivapolis (Assur, Assyria)
Sivapolis (Assur, Assyria); Virginmartyr Febronia of Nisibis, Commemorated on June 25;

Dura, Armenia (Tigress River 3)
Dura (Anastasiopolis or Dara, Messopotamia) ; Apostle Bartholomew of the Twelve, Commemorated on June 11 ;

Anastasiopolis, Armenia (Dura or Dara, Tigris River 3)
Anastasiopolis, Messopotamia (Dura or Dara) Return of the Relics of the Apostle Bartholomew from Anastasiopolis to Lipari, Commemorated August 25 ; Apostle Bartholomew of the Twelve, Commemorated on June 11 ;

Tigris River 4 (Nineveh, Mosul, Arabela, Persia)

Tigris River 5 (Assur, Persia)

Tigris River 6 (Samarra, Persia)

Tigris River 7 (Bagdad, Babylon, Persia)

Tirgis River 8

Tigris River 9

Tigris River 10 (Elymais, Persia)

Tigris River 11

Tigris River Mouth (Kwait, Euphrates River 13)

Armenia, Iris Rivers Folder (Central and Southeastern Pontine)

Iris (Yesil) River

Great Road from Ephesus thru Colossae to the Euphrates at Melitine

Sebaste, Armenia (high point, Kizilirmak River 1, Iris River Source)
Sebaste, Armenia ; Martyr Antiochus the Physician of Sebaste, Commemorated on July 16; MACRINA THE YOUNGER, MONASTIC AND TEACHER (19 JUL 379); Martyr Severian of Sebaste, Commemorated on September 9 ; Right-Believing Pulcheria, Byzantine Empress, Commemorated on September 10; Martyr Irenarchus at Sebaste, Commemorated on November 28 ; St. John the Silent of St. Sabbas Monastery, Commemorated on December 3; Martyr Eustratius at Sebaste, Commemorated December 13 ; St Modestus the Archbishop of Jerusalem, Commemorated December 18 ; St Emilia, the Mother of St Basil the Great, Commemorated on January 1 ; St Peter the Bishop of Sebaste, in Armenia, Commemorated on January 9 ; St Meletius the Archbishop of Antioch, Commemorated on February 12 ; 40 Holy Martyrs of Sebaste, Commemorated on March 9;

Iris (Yesil) River Source (Sivas or Sabastea)

Iris River Source (Lake Sebastea)

Kharsian People, Pontine (Charsianon Area, Iris River Source) Armenia
Kharsian People Charsianon Area and Fortress; Righteous Eudocimus of Cappadocia, Commemorated July 31 ;

Charsianon Area, Armenia, Pontine (Kharsian People, Iris River Source) Armenia
Charsianon Area and Fortress; Righteous Eudocimus of Cappadocia, Commemorated July 31 ;

Charsianon Fortress, Armenia, Pontaine (high point, Iris River Source)
Charsianon (Charsia); Venerable Michael of Maleinus, Commemorated on July 12 ; Righteous Eudocimus of Cappadocia, Commemorated on July 31 ;

Malenius Family Home at Charsianon, Armenia, Pontine
Malenius; Venerable Michael of Maleinus, Commemorated July 12 ; Righteous Eudocimus of Cappadocia, Commemorated on July 31;

Iris (Yesil) River 1 (Cekerek River Mouth)

Cekerek River

Cekerek River 1 (Cekerek)

Cekerek River 2 (Heracleopolis)

Heracleopolis, Pontus, Armenia (Cekerek River 2)
Heracleopolis, Turkey ; Hieromartyr Athenogenes the Bishop of Heracleopolis, Commemorated on July 16;

Cekerek River Mouth (Iris (Yesil) River 1)

Iris (Yesil) River 2 (Tokat)

Tokat, Pontaine, Armenia (Iris or Yesil River 1.7)
Tokat (Iris or Yesil River) ; Hieromartyr Alexander the Bishop of Comana, Commemorated on August 12; HENRY MARTYN, MISSIONARY AND TRANSLATOR (19 OCT 1812) ;

Zela, Pontine, Armenia, high point, site of Ancient Battles
Zela, Pontine, high point, site of Ancient Battles; Transfer of the Holy Zone of Theotokos to Constantinople Commemorated on April 12;

Zeta, Pontus, Armenia, and Northern Cappadocia (high point, famous Roman Armenian Persian battles)
Zeta, Armenia; anciently known as Zela (Greek: Ζῆλα) (still as Latin Catholic titular see), is a city and a district of Tokat Province, Turkey. Zile lies to the south of Amasya and the west of Tokat in north-central Turkey. The city has a long history, including as former bishopric and the site of the Battle of Zela, which prompted the phrase "Veni, vidi, vici."[3] Today the city is a center for agricultural marketing and tourism. Contents History Veni Vidi Vici Historically, Zile has been known as Zela (Greek: Ζῆλα), Zelitis (Greek: Ζηλίτις), Zelid, Anzila, Gırgırıye (Karkariye), Zīleh, Zilleli, Zeyli, and Silas (Greek: Σίλας). Zile castle, the only solid castle in Anatolia, was built by Roman commander Lucius Cornelius Sulla. The castle contains the Amanos temple, and is called silla, meaning "respected". In Semra Meral's Her Yönüyle Zile, she claims that the name "Zile" came from "Zela", stemming from "Silla".[4] City to recent archaeological research, there is evidence of human habitation since Neolithic times in Zile.[5] his book Geographica, Strabo claimed that Zela was founded by Semiramis, a legendary Assyrian queen.[6] 548 BC, Zela and greater Anatolia were under the rule of Achaemenid Persian Empire. Persian rule saw construction of a portion of the Royal Road in the area, and of temples to the Persian gods Anahita, Vohu-Mano, and Anadates in the city itself.[3] I of Persia divided the largest Anatolian state of that time, Cappadocia, into two, with Zela remaining in Pontus Cappadocia, the northern region. Era roughly 200 years of Persian rule, Alexander the Great captured Zela from Darius III of Persia as a result of the Battle of the Granicus (334 BC). Alexander's death in 323 BC and the collapse of his empire, Zela passed to the Seleucid Empire, a Hellenistic successor state of Alexander the Great's dominion. controlled the area for 200 years, but by 100 BC, its power in the region started to collapse. a consequence, King Mithridates VI of Pontus attacked and took Zela in 88 BC, and ordered the killing of all Romans living there. led the nearby Cappadocians to call on Rome for help. The Roman army, under Sulla's command, fought and defeated Mithradates in the First Mithridatic War. attacked Zela again in 67 BC with the help of his Armenian ally Tigranes the Great, king of Greater Armenia, initiating the Third Mithridatic War,[7] which ended with victory by the Romans under Pompeius Magnus and the suicide of Mithridates in 63 BC. Pompey's settlement of Pontus, Zela received a civic constitution and a sizable territory thus transforming from its previous status as a temple domain to a city.[8] 49 BC, civil war broke out between Julius Caesar and Pompey. the Romans were distracted by this, Pharnaces II of Pontus, son of Mithridates, decided to seize the opportunity and take revenge for his father. attack on Zela was halted by Julius Caesar in the bloody Battle of Zela (47 BC).[9] Caesar's army suffered great losses, Pharnaces's was completely destroyed in five hours. After this victory, Caesar sent his famous message to the Roman Senate: "Veni Vidi Vici", meaning "I came, I saw, I conquered".[3] Caesar's words were written on a cylindrical marble column and placed in the city castle.[10] to Strabo, Zela had the temple of Anaïtis, who was also revered by the Armenians.[11] Ages 241, the Sassanid king Shapur I, attacked the Romans and defeated Roman Emperor Valerian, thus capturing Zela. From 241 to 1071, Zile was conquered many times by the Byzantines and Sasanids. Under Byzantine rule, Zile became a (now Titular Latin) bishopric of Asia Minor, suffragan of Amasya in the former Roman province of Helenopontus (see below). was conquered by Danishmend Melik Ahmet Gazi in 1071 and, since, has belonged to the Turks, who suppressed the bishopric.[3] In 1174, Anatolian Seljuks captured the city from Danishmends under Izzettin II Kılıçaslan. After the collapse of the Anatolian Seljuks, the Eretna Emirate was founded in Zile's district in 1335. The Ottomans defeated Ertans in 1397 under the rule of Sultan Bayezid I, integrating Zile into their empire. History the course of the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922 (also known as Turkish War of Independence), some supporters of Sharia (strict Islamic law) seized power in Zile and attacked the barracks of new Turkish Republic's army. The soldiers were forced to retreat to the city castle and consequently asked for help from the Çorum battalion. The battalion reached the city in four days and upon their arrival they started bombing the city so as to force the rebels to surrender. As a result of heavy bombardment, Zile suffered a great fire which led to the loss of two thirds of its infrastructure and most of its forest cover. Finally, the army managed to put down the rebellion and regained control. Since then, Zile has been a rural district in Tokat province of the Republic of Turkey. history in the Roman province of Helenopontus (civil diocese of Pontus), was a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Amasea, in the sway of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. The following Suffragan Bishops of Zela are historically documented : Heraclius took part in the Council of Ancyra in 314 and in the ecumenical First Council of Nicaea in 325 ’’ Bitinicusus, an Arian (heretic), participated in the synod of Gangra in 340 and intervened at the Arian 'conciliabolum' at Philippopolis in 343/344 Atticus attended the Council of Chalcedon in 451 Hyperechius signed in 458 the letter of the episcopate of Helenopontus to Byzantine emperor Leo I the Thracian after Coptic mobs lynched Patriarch Proterius of Alexandria Georgius was at the ‘Robber’ Council in Trullo in 692 Constantinus took part in the Second Council of Nicaea in 787 Paulus attended the Council of Constantinople in 869-870 and the Council of Constantinople of 879-880 which rehabilitated Patriarch Photius of Constantinople. Titular see The diocese was nominally restored no later than the 18th century as Latin Titular bishopric of Zela (Latin = Curiate Italian) / Zeliten(us) It has been vacant for decades. Transfer of the Holy Zone of Theotokos to Constantinople, Commemorated on April 12;

Comana (Komana), Pontica Armenia (Iris River 2.3)
Komana (Comana), Pontica; Hieromartyr Alexander the Bishop of Comana, Commemorated on August 12; Alexander, Bishop of Comana, lived during the third century not far from Neocaesarea. He studied the Holy Scripture and knew many scientific disciplines. Taking upon himself the exploit of holy foolishness, the saint lived in poverty, selling coal in the city square. Many, seeing his face always black from the grime of the coal dust, sneered at him with contempt. the Bishop of Comana happened to die, then among the candidates put forth for election as new bishop -- one was a man illustrious, others were learned or eloquent, while yet others were rich. Then Saint Gregory Thaumaturgos, Bishop of Neocaesarea (November 17), having been invited for the ordination of their choice, pointed out, that a bishop ought to have not only outward worthiness and distinction, but foremost of all, a pure heart and holy life. These words caused some to laugh saying: “If outward appearance and nobility of origin be for naught, then even Alexander the collier might be made bishop”. Gregory perceived that it was not without the Providence of God that this man came to be mentioned, and he asked that they call him. The appearance of the saint at the gathering evoked laughter. Having respectfully bowed to Saint Gregory, Saint Alexander stood there deeply absorbed in himself and ignoring the sneering: Saint Gregory put him to the test, and the collier was obliged to reveal that he was formerly a philosopher, and had studied Holy Scripture, but that for the sake of God he had assumed upon himself voluntary poverty and humility. Saint Gregory then took the collier to his own lodging, where he washed off the grime, and gave him clean clothes. Returning then to the assembled people, Saint Gregory in front of everyone began to put to him questions from Holy Scripture, to which Saint Alexander answered like a knowledgeable and wise pastor. Seeing this, all were astonished at his humility and with one accord they elected him their bishop. Gregory ordained him priest, and later bishop. After the imposition of hands the new bishop preached a sermon to the people, full of power and the grace of God. And everyone rejoiced that the Lord had sent them such a wise pastor. Under the emperor Diocletian (284-305) the saint bravely confessed Christ, and refused to worship idols. After tortures they threw him into a fire, and there he departed to God. According to other sources, Saint Alexander suffered instead under the emperor Decius (249-251). St Proclus the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated on November 20 ; Martyr Eutropius of Amasea, Commemorated on March 3;

Komana (Comana), Pontica Armenia (Iris River 2.3)
Komana (Comana), Pontica; Hieromartyr Alexander the Bishop of Comana, Commemorated on August 12; St Proclus the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated on November 20 ; Martyr Eutropius of Amasea, Commemorated on March 3;

Iris River 2, the Crossroads ( Pontus on the Iris, and Neocaesarea on the Kelkit)
MACRINA THE YOUNGER, MONASTIC AND TEACHER (19 JUL 379) ; St. Basil the Great, Archbishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia, Commemorated on January 1

Iris River Crossroads ( Pontus on Iris, and Neocaesarea on Kelkit) Macrina and Basil)
MACRINA THE YOUNGER, MONASTIC AND TEACHER (19 JUL 379) ; St. Basil the Great, Archbishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia, Commemorated on January 1

Pontus, City of Pontus, Armenia (Eupatoria, a crossroads, Isis River 3, Kelkit River 3)
Eupatoria (Pontus); Apostle Aquila of the Seventy, Commemorated on July 14; Venerable Zeno the Hermit of Antioch the Disciple of St Basil the Great, Commemorated January 30 ; Martyr Eutropius of Amasea, Commemorated on March 3;

Iris (Yesil) River 3 (Amasea)

Alasium, Pontine, Armenia (Amasea, Iris River 3)
Alasium or Amasea; Greatmartyr Theodore the Tyro "œthe Recruit"Â), Commemorated on February 17;

Pontica, Amasea, Pontine, Armenia (Iris River 3)
Amasea; Apostle Matthias of the Seventy, Commemorated on August 9; Hieromartyr Clement the Bishop of Ancyra, Commemorated on January 23 ; Martyr Agathangelus, Commemorated on January 23; Martyr Eutropius of Amasea, Commemorated on March 3; St Hesychius the Faster of Bithynia, Commemorated on March 5; St Eutychius the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on April 6 ; Hieromartyr Basil the Bishop of Amasea, Commemorated on April 26; Righteous Virginmartyr Glaphyra, Commemorated on April 26; Uncovering of the relics of St Basil the Bishop of Amasea, Commemorated on April 30;

Amasea, Pontine, Armenia (Iris River 3)
Amasea; Apostle Matthias of the Seventy, Commemorated on August 9; Hieromartyr Clement the Bishop of Ancyra, Commemorated on January 23 ; Martyr Agathangelus, Commemorated on January 23; Martyr Eutropius of Amasea, Commemorated on March 3; St Hesychius the Faster of Bithynia, Commemorated on March 5; St Eutychius the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on April 6 ; Hieromartyr Basil the Bishop of Amasea, Commemorated on April 26; Righteous Virginmartyr Glaphyra, Commemorated on April 26; Uncovering of the relics of St Basil the Bishop of Amasea, Commemorated on April 30;

Amasya, Pontica, Armenia (Yesil (Iris) River3)
Amasea; Hieromartyr Clement the Bishop of Ancyra, Commemorated on January 23; Apostle Matthias of the Seventy, Commemorated on August 9; St Gregory the Wonderworker of Neocaesarea; Hieromartyr Clement the Bishop of Ancyra, Commemorated January 23; Martyr Agathangelus, Commemorated January 23; Martyr Eutropius of Amasea, Commemorated on March 3; St Eutychius the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on April 6 ; Hieromartyr Basil the Bishop of Amasea, Commemorated on April 26; Righteous Virginmartyr Glaphyra, Commemorated on April 26; Uncovering of the relics of St Basil the Bishop of Amasea, Commemorated on April 30; Martyr Basiliscus the Bishop of Comana, Commemorated on May 22;

Euchaita, Pontine, Armenia (west of Iris River 3)
Euchaita; Synaxis of the Ecumenical Teachers and Hierarchs: Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian, and John Chrysostom, Commemorated January 30 ; Greatmartyr Theodore Stratelates œthe GeneralÂ, Commemorated on February 8; Greatmartyr Theodore the Tyro (œthe RecruitÂ), Commemorated on February 17; Translation of the relics of the Greatmartyr Theodore Stratelates, Commemorated on June 8;

Iris (Yesil) River Mouth (Black Sea)

Amisus, Armenia, Pontine (near Iris River Mouth, on the shore of the sea)
Amisus; Apostle Matthias of the Seventy, Commemorated on August 9 ; Martyr Charitina of Amisos, Commemorated on October 5; St Florus the Bishop of Amisus, Commemorated on December 18 ; Virginmartyr Alexandra of Amisus, Commemorated on March 20;

Armenia, Harsit River Folder (Far Eastern Pontine)

Harsit River

Harsit River Source (Pontic Mountains)
Pontic Mountains or Pontine district of Northeast Asia Minor; Martyrs Eugene, Candidus, Valerian, and Aquila, at Trebizond, Commemorated on January 21;

Pontic Mountains, Pontine District of Northeast Asia Minor
Pontic Mountains or Pontine district of Northeast Asia Minor; Martyrs Eugene, Candidus, Valerian, and Aquila, at Trebizond, Commemorated on January 21; Greatmartyr Theodore the Tyro (œthe Recruit), Commemorated on February 17;

Lazeti, Armenia, Pontine (Harsit River Source)
Lazeti; Martyrs of Lazeti, Commemorated on April 29;

Laz People, Harsit River Area, Eastern Pontaine - Land of the Laz People
Land of the Laz People; Martyrs of Lazeti, Commemorated on April 29;

Laze, Armenia, Capital Artvin (Nigali Valley, Chorokhi River 4)
Laz People, Laze, Armenia, Capital Artvin; Martyrs of Lazeti, Commemorated on April 29;

Kordila, Pontine, Armenia (Rize Province Georgia, Harsit River Area Pontine)
Kordila (Rize Province); Martyr Orentius, one of the seven martyred brothers in Georgia, Commemorated on June 24;

Chaneti, Pontine (Harsit River, Eastern Pontine)
Chaneti ; Martyrs of Lazeti, Commemorated on April 29; Martyred Fathers and Mothers of Atchara, Commemorated on May 29;

Harsit River 1

Harsit River 2

Harsit River 3 (Argyropolis)

Argyropolis, Pontine (Harsit River 3)
Argyropolis (Harsit River 4); Apostle Stachys of the Seventy, Commemorated October 31 ;

Harsit River 4 (near Zigana Pass)

Zigana Pass, Pontine, Armenia (Harsit River 4)
Zigana Pass; Martyr Orentius, one of the seven martyred brothers in Georgia, Commemorated on June 24;

Sumela Monastery, Mt Mela near Trebizond, founded by Athenian Monks Barnabas and his nephew Sophronius
Sumela Monastery, Mt Mela near Trebizond; It is not known when the monastery was founded, but the Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism places the date around AD 386, during the reign of the emperor Theodosius I (375–395).[7][8] According to William Miller, two Athenian monks named Barnabas and Sophronios founded the monastery. It became famous for an icon of the Theotokos known as the Panagia Gorgoepekoos, said to have been painted by the Apostle Luke.[9] Saints Barnabas and Sophronius of Asia Minor, Commemorated on August 18; Saint Christopher of Gazara, Commemorated on August 18; Directress Icon of the Mother of God, Commemorated on August 18;

Mela Monastery, Mt Mela near Trebizond, founded by Athenian Monks Barnabas and his nephew Sophronius
Sumela Monastery, Mt Mela near Trebizond; It is not known when the monastery was founded, but the Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism places the date around AD 386, during the reign of the emperor Theodosius I (375–395).[7][8] According to William Miller, two Athenian monks named Barnabas and Sophronios founded the monastery. It became famous for an icon of the Theotokos known as the Panagia Gorgoepekoos, said to have been painted by the Apostle Luke.[9] Saints Barnabas and Sophronius of Asia Minor, Commemorated on August 18; Saint Christopher of Gazara, Commemorated on August 18; Directress Icon of the Mother of God, Commemorated on August 18;

Harsit River 5

Harsit River Mouth (Black Sea)

Trebizond, Pontine, Armenia (Black Sea, Silk Road, Harsit River)
Trebizond (Black Sea, Silk Road) ; Apostle Matthias of the Seventy, Commemorated on August 9 ; Venerable Theodosius the Metropolitan of Trebizond, Commemorated on January 11 ; Martyr Neophytus of Nicea, Commemorated January 21; Martyr Eugene at Trebizond, Commemorated January 21; Martyrs Eugene, Candidus, Valerian, and Aquila, at Trebizond, Commemorated on January 21; Hieromartyr Theodore of Atchara, Commemorated February 17; St George the Bishop of Amastris on the Black Sea, Commemorated February 21 ; New Martyr John the New of Sochi, who suffered at Belgrade, Commemorated on June 2; Saint Dionysios, the builder of Prodromou Monastery, Mount Athos, Commemorated on June 25; Venerable Athanasius the Founder of the Great Lavra and Coenobitic Monasticism on Mt. Athos, Commemorated on July 5;

Trebizond Empire, 13th-15th Centuries, Pontaine (Black Sea, Silk Road, Harsit River)
Trebizond Empire, 13th-15th Centuries, Pontaine (Black Sea, Silk Road, Harsit River); Trebizond (Black Sea, Silk Road) ; Apostle Matthias of the Seventy, Commemorated on August 9 ; Venerable Theodosius the Metropolitan of Trebizond, Commemorated on January 11 ; Martyr Neophytus of Nicea, Commemorated January 21; Martyr Eugene at Trebizond; Hieromartyr Theodore of Atchara, Commemorated February 17; St George the Bishop of Amastris on the Black Sea, Commemorated February 21 ; New Martyr John the New of Sochi, who suffered at Belgrade, Commemorated on June 2; Venerable Athanasius the Founder of the Great Lavra and Coenobitic Monasticism on Mt. Athos, Commemorated on July 5;

Pontine Ethiopia (presently Western Georgia)
Pontine Ethiopia (presently Western Georgia); Apostle Matthias of the Seventy, Commemorated on August 9;

Armenia, Kelkit River Folder (Eastern Pontine)

Kelkit River

Kelkit River Source (Gumushane (Silver House))
Kelkit River, the road from Armenia to Bithynia; North Anatolian Fault;

Kelkit River 1 (Nicopolis, Armenia)

Nicopolis, Armenia, Pontaine (Kelkit River 1)
Nicopolis (Pontus); 45 Holy Martyrs at Nicopolis in Armenia, Commemorated July 10 ; St John the Silent of St Sabbas Monastery, Commemorated December 3 ;

Colonia, Pontine, Armenia (Koyluhisar or Nicopolis, Kelkit River1)
Colonia in Armenia (Koyluhisar or Nicopolis); St John the Silent of St Sabbas Monastery, Commemorated on December 3 ;

Kelkit River 2 (Pontus)

Pontus Polemoniacus Area, Armenia (Kelkit River 2)
Pontus Polemoniacus Area; Hieromartyr Alexander the Bishop of Comana, Commemorated on August 12; Venerable Nikon "Metanoeite," the Preacher of Repentance, Commemorated November 26 ; St John the Silent of St Sabbas Monastery, Commemorated December 3 ; St Paul the Bishop of Neocaesarea, Commemorated December 23 ;

Kelkit River 3 (Neocaesarea, Pontus)

Neocaesarea, Pontus, Armenia (Kelkit River 3, Iris River Crossroads) Saint Gregory
Neocaesarea; Hieromartyr Alexander the Bishop of Comana, Commemorated on August 12; St Gregory the Wonderworker of Neocaesarea, Commemorated on November 17; Gregory the Wonderworker, Bishop of Neocaesarea, was born in the city of Neocaesarea (northern Asia Minor) into a pagan family. received a fine education, from his youth he strived for Truth, but the thinkers of antiquity were not able to quench his thirst for knowledge. Truth was revealed to him only in the Holy Gospel, and the youth became a Christian. the continuation of his studies Saint Gregory went to Alexandria, known then as a center for pagan and Christian learning. The youth, eager for knowledge, went to the Alexandrian Catechetical School, where the presbyter Origen taught. Origen was a famous teacher, possessing a great strength of mind and profound knowledge. Saint Gregory became a student of Origen. Afterwards, the saint wrote about his mentor: “This man received from God a sublime gift, to be an interpreter of the Word of God for people, to apprehend the Word of God, as God Himself did use it, and to explain it to people, insofar as they were able to understand it.” Saint Gregory studied for eight years with Origen, and was baptized by him. ascetic life of Saint Gregory, his continence, purity and lack of covetousness aroused envy among his conceited and sin-loving peers, pagans that they were, and they decided to slander Saint Gregory. Once, when he was conversing with philosophers and teachers in the city square, a notorious harlot came up to him and demanded payment for the sin he had supposedly committed with her. At first Saint Gregory gently remonstrated with her, saying that she perhaps mistook him for someone else. But the profligate woman would not be quieted. He then asked a friend to give her the money. Just as the woman took the unjust payment, she immediately fell to the ground in a demonic fit, and the fraud became evident. Saint Gregory said a prayer over her, and the devil left her. This was the beginning of Saint Gregory’s miracles. returned to Neocaesarea, the saint fled from the worldly affairs into which influential townsmen persistently sought to push him. He went into the desert, where by fasting and prayer he attained to high spiritual accomplishment and the gifts of clairvoyance and prophecy. Saint Gregory loved life in the wilderness and wanted to remain in solitude until the end of his days, but the Lord willed otherwise. bishop of the Cappadocian city of Amasea, Thedimos, having learned of Saint Gregory’s ascetic life, decided to have him made Bishop of Neocaesarea. But having foreseen in spirit the intent of Bishop Thedimos, the saint hid himself from the messengers of the bishop who were entrusted to find him. Then Bishop Thedimos ordained the absent saint as Bishop of Neocaesarea, beseeching the Lord that He Himself would sanctify the unusual ordination. Saint Gregory perceived the extraordinary event as a manifestation of the will of God and he did not dare to protest. This episode in the life of Saint Gregory was recorded by Saint Gregory of Nyssa (January 10). He relates that Saint Gregory of Neocaesarea received the episcopal dignity only after Bishop Thedimos of Amasea performed all the canonical rites over him. this time, the heresy of Sabellius and Paul of Samosata began to spread. They taught falsely concerning the Holy Trinity. Saint Gregory prayed fervently and diligently imploring God and His most pure Mother to reveal to him the true faith. The All-Holy Virgin Mary appeared to him, radiant like the sun, and with Her was the Apostle John the Theologian dressed in archepiscopal vestments. the command of the Mother of God, the Apostle John taught the saint how to correctly and properly confess the Mystery of the Most Holy Trinity. Saint Gregory wrote down everything that Saint John the Theologian revealed to him. The Mystery of the Symbol of the Faith, written down by Saint Gregory of Neocaesarea, is a great divine revelation in the history of the Church. The teaching about the Holy Trinity in Orthodox Theology is based on it. Subsequently it was used by the holy Fathers of the Church: Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian, and Gregory of Nyssa. The Symbol of Saint Gregory of Neocaesarea was later examined and affirmed in the year 325 by the First Ecumenical Council, showing his enduring significance for Orthodoxy. become a bishop, Saint Gregory set off to Neocaesarea. Along the way from Amasea he expelled devils from a pagan temple, the priest of which he converted to Christ. The convert was witness to still another miracle of the saint, at his word a large stone shifted from its place. preaching of the saint was direct, lively and fruitful. He taught and worked miracles in the name of Christ: he healed the sick, he helped the needy, he settled quarrels and complaints. Two brothers sharing an inheritance were not able to agree over the property of their dead father. There was a large lake over which they argued, for each of the brothers wanted the lake for himself. They both gathered their friends together, and were ready to come to blows. Saint Gregory persuaded them to delay their fight until the following day, and he himself prayed all night long at the shore of the lake which sparked the quarrel. When dawn broke, everyone saw that the lake had dried up or gone underground. Through the intense prayer of the saint, now there was only a stream, and its course defined the boundary line. Another time, during the construction of a church, he commanded a hill to move and make room at the place of the foundation. a persecution against Christians began under the emperor Decius (249-251), Saint Gregory led his flock to a faraway mountain. A certain pagan, knowing about the hiding place of the Christians, informed the persecutors. Soldiers surrounded the mountain. The saint went out into an open place, raised up his hands to heaven and ordered to his deacon to do the same. The soldiers searched the whole mountain, and they went several times right past those praying, but not seeing them, they gave up and went away. In the city they reported that there was nowhere to hide on the mountain: no one was there, and only two trees stood beside each other. The informer was struck with amazement, he repented of his ways and became a fervent Christian. Gregory returned to Neocaesarea after the end of the persecution. By his blessing church Feasts were established in honor of the martyrs who had suffered for Christ. his saintly life, his effective preaching, working of miracles and graced guiding of his flock, the saint steadily increased the number of converts to Christ. When Saint Gregory first ascended his cathedra, there were only seventeen Christians in Neocaesarea. At his death, only seventeen pagans remained in the city. The Nativity of our Lord God and Savior Jesus Christ, Commemorated on December 25; St Paul the Bishop of Neocaesarea, Commemorated December 23 ; Martyr Troadius of Neocaesarea, Commemorated on March 2; Holy Martyr Troadius suffered for Christ in Neocaesarea, Pontus under the emperor Decius (249-251), enduring horrible tortures. Saint Gregory of Neocaesarea (November 17) foretold his martyrdom and witnessed his sufferings in a vision. He also saw the soul of Saint Troadius departing from his body and hastening joyfully to Heaven. Venerable Aninas of the Euphrates, Commemorated on March 18;

Kelkit River Mouth (Yesil River 3)

Armenia, Aras River Folder

Aras River

Lake Van, Taron Region
Lake Van; Taron Region; Arab Muslim Conquest of Armenia 639;

Aras River Source (near Erzurum, Turkey)

Eastern part of the Roman Empire, Armenia, Artaz Region, High Point, Ephrates River Source
Eastern part of the Roman Empire ; Hieromartyr Helladius the Bishop in the East, Commemorated on May 28;

Basiani, Armenia (Aras River Source)
Basiani, Georgia; Blessed David IV the King of Georgia, Commemorated on January 26; Right-believing Tamara, Queen of Georgia, Commemorated on May 1;

Bassiani, Armenia (Aras River Source)
Bassiani, Georgia; Blessed David IV the King of Georgia, Commemorated on January 26; Right-believing Tamara, Queen of Georgia, Commemorated on May 1;

Armenia, Aras River Source, Euphrates River Source Folder

Euphrates River Route

Euphrates River Source (Murat River)

Artaz region, Armenia (high point, Aras River Source, Euphrates River Source)
Artaz region, South of Erzurum, North of Bingol; Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy, Commemorated on August 21 ;

Theodosiopolis, Armenia (high point, Aras River Source)
Theodosiopolis, Armenia Martyr Dometius of Persia, Commemorated on August 7; New Martyr Isaac of Georgia, Commemorated on September 16 ; St Eulogius of Salosi, the Prophet and Fool-for-Christ, Commemorated on April 1; St John Shavteli of Salosi, Bishop of Gaenati, Georgia, Commemorated on April 1;

Tsikhedidi (Kaledibi), Aras Region, (high point, Rivers Aras and Euphrates Source)
Tsikhedidi (Kaledibi), Aras Region, (high point, Rivers Aras and Euphrates Source) Erzurum, Turkey (NATO Cold War airforce post) ; Appearance of the Mother of God to St Sergius of Radonezh, Commemorated August 24 ; Saint Evagrisi, disciple of Saint Shio, Commemorated on February 4; St Eulogius of Salosi, the Prophet and Fool-for-Christ, Commemorated on April 1; St John Shavteli of Salosi, Bishop of Gaenati, Georgia, Commemorated on April 1;

Euphrates River Source

Aras River 1

Aras River 2

Bagrevand Region, Armenia (Aras River 1 and 2)
Bagrevand; Martyr Suchias and his Soldiers in Georgia, Commemorated on April 15;

Mount Sukaketi (Aras River 2)
Because it is the mountain of the Bagrevand region, this mountain is probably Mount Sukaketi in the story of Martyr Suchias and his Soldiers in Georgia. Bagrevand; Martyr Suchias and his Soldiers in Georgia, Commemorated on April 15;

Aras River 3 (Akhurian River Mouth)

Armenia, Aras River 3, Akhurian River Folder

Akhurian River

Akhurian River Source (Lake Tseli)

Akhurian River 1 (Gyumri, Armenia)

Akhurian River 2 (Yerazgavors, Armenia)

Tsilkan, Armenia
Tsilkan (Tsilkar), Armenia; St Jesse, Bishop of Tsilkan in Georgia, Commemorated on December 2 ;

Akhurian River 2 (Ani, Armenia)

Anis-Shirakavan, Armenia
Anis-Shirakavan, Armenia ; St Tsotne Dadiani the Confessor, Commemorated on July 30

Akhurian River 3 (Bagaran, Armenia)

Akhurian River 4 (Yervandashat, Armenia)

Akhurian River Mouth (Aras River 3)

Aras River 4 (Metsamor River Mouth)

Armenia, Aras River 4, Metsamor River Folder

Metsamor River

Metsamor River Mouth (Aras River 4)

Aras River 5 (Hrazdan, Azat Rivers)

Armenia, Aras River 5, Hrazdan River Folder

Hrazdan River

Armenian Plateau
Armenian Plateau ; Armenia; Mount Ararat; Aras River; Martyr Romulus and with him many others; Hieromartyr Gregory the Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia; Martyr Rhipsime of Armenia; St John Chrysostom the Archbishop of Constantinople; Holy, All-Praised Apostle Philip; Venerable Nikon "Metanoeite," the Preacher of Repentance; St James the Bishop of Nisibis; St Nino (Nina), Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Georgia; Venerable Euthymius the Great; GREGORY THE ILLUMINATOR, APOSTLE TO ARMENIA (23 March 332); GENOCIDE REMEMBRANCE; Deportation of Armenian notables in 1915; Venerable Agapitus the Unmercenary Physician of the Kiev Near Caves, Commemorated on June 1; Apostle Jude the Brother of the Lord, Commemorated on June 19;

Erevan (Yerevan Fortress, Hrazdan River Mouth, Aras River 5)
Erevan (Yerevan Fortress, Melitene); Arab Muslim Conquest of Armenia 639;

Alaverdi, Armenia or Georgia (Transcaucasus)
Alaverdi; Greatmartyr Ketevan the Queen of Georgia; Venerable Joseph, Abbot of Alaverdi, Georgia, Commemorated September 15 ; Hieromartyr Kirion II, Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia, Commemorated on June 27;

Cathedral of Etchmiadzin, Armenia (Hrazdan River Mouth, Aras River 5)
Cathedral of Etchmiadzin; GREGORY THE ILLUMINATOR, APOSTLE TO ARMENIA (23 March 332);

Hrazdan River Mouth (Aras River 5)

Armenia, Aras River 5, Azat River Folder

Azat River

Azat River 1

Azat River 2

Azat River Mouth (Aras River 5)

Artashat, Armenian Capital (Azat River Mouth, Aras River 5)
Artashat; Martyr Suchias and his Soldiers in Georgia, Commemorated on April 15;

Aras River 6

Khor Virab (deep well) monestary, Armenia (Aras River 6)
Khor Virab (deep well) monestary; GREGORY THE ILLUMINATOR, APOSTLE TO ARMENIA (23 March 332);

Mount Ararat, Armenia (south of Aras River 7)
Mount Ararat; Tobit Chapter 1: Courage in Burying the Dead: 16 In the days of Shalmaneser* I performed many acts of charity to my kindred, those of my tribe. 17I would give my food to the hungry and my clothing to the naked; and if I saw the dead body of any of my people thrown out behind the wall of Nineveh, I would bury it. 18I also buried any whom King Sennacherib put to death when he came fleeing from Judea in those days of judgement that the king of heaven executed upon him because of his blasphemies. For in his anger he put to death many Israelites; but I would secretly remove the bodies and bury them. So when Sennacherib looked for them he could not find them. 19Then one of the Ninevites went and informed the king about me, that I was burying them; so I hid myself. But when I realized that the king knew about me and that I was being searched for to be put to death, I was afraid and ran away. 20Then all my property was confiscated; nothing was left to me that was not taken into the royal treasury, except my wife Anna and my son Tobias. ; Repose of St Alexander Nevsky; Apostle Jude the Brother of the Lord, Commemorated on June 19;

Midznadzori Wilderness, Armenia (Aras River 19)
Midznadzori Wilderness, Azerbaijan; Zangilan District; Venerable Michael of Parekhi, Commemorated on May 27;

Armenia, Aras River 20, Kalebar River Folder

Kaleybar River

Kaleybar River Source

Kaleybar River 1

Kaleybar River 2

Kaleybar River 3

Kaleybar River Mouth (Aras River 20)

Armenia, Aras River 20, Vorotan River Folder

Vorotan River

Hereti Kingdom, 893-1020. from Azerbaijan to Kakheti, capital, Shaki, Armenia (Vorotan River 1, Aras River 20)
Hereti Kingdom with a capital of Shaki in Armenia; Kingdom of Hereti was a medieval monarchy which emerged in Caucasus on the Iberian-Albanian frontier. Nowadays it roughly corresponds to the southeastern corner of Georgia's Kakheti region and a portion of Azerbaijan's northwestern districts. to traditional accounts, the name of the province originated from the legendary patriarch "Heros", the son of Thargamos, who founded the city of Hereti (later known as Khoranta) at the Alazani River. Martyr Ashot Curapalati, King of of Artanuji, Commemorated on January 29;

Vorotan River Mouth (Aras River 20)

Aras River Mouth (Kura River 12)

Alban (Baku), Greater Armenia (Aras River Mouth)
Alban (Baku); Return of the Relics of the Apostle Bartholomew from Anastasiopolis to Lipari, Commemorated August 25 : By the power of God the chests did not sink into the depths of the sea, but miraculously floated upon the waves and reached Italy. The chest with the relics of the Apostle Bartholomew came to land at the island of Lipari, and the remaining chests continued their journey and came to land at various places in Italy. The chest with the relics of the Martyr Papian halted at Sicily, the Martyr Lucian at Messina, the Martyr Gregory at Calabria, and the Martyr Acacius at Askalon. ; Apostle Bartholomew of the Twelve, Commemorated on June 11;

Armenia, Kizilirmak River Folder, Great Road from Ephesus to Euphrates, Cappadocia

Kizilirmak River

Kizilirmak River Source (Imranli)
Imranli;

Caesurea (Kayseri), Armenia, Cappadocian Capital (Great Road, Kizilirmak River 4)
Caesurea, Cappadocia; Martyr Antiochus the Physician of Sebaste, Commemorated on July 16; Martyr Julitta at Caesarea, Commemorated on July 31; Martyr Mamas of Caesarea in Cappadocia, Commemorated on September 2 ; Martyr Theodotus of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on September 2; Martyr Theodotus of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on September 2 ; Martyr Eupsychius of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated September 2 ; Martyr Eupsychius of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on September 7 ; Martyr Theodota at Nicea, Commemorated September 17 ; Hieromartyr Gregory the Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia, Commemorated on September 30; Martyr Barlaam of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated November 19 ; St Amphilochius the Bishop of Iconium, Commemorated on November 23 ; Greatmartyr Mercurius of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on November 24 ; Venerable Theodora of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated December 30 ; Martyr Basil of Ancyra, Commemorated January 1 ; St Basil the Great the Archbishop of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated January 1 ; St Emilia, the Mother of St Basil the Great, Commemorated January 1 ; Martyr Gordius at Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated January 3 ; St Carterius of Caesarea in Cappadocia, Commemorated January 8 ; St Gregory the Theologian the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated January 25 ; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated on January 28 ; Martyr Eubulus at Caesarea, Cappadocia, February 2 ; Martyr Blaise of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated February 3 ; Martyr Adrian at Caesarea, Cappadocia, Commemorated on February 3; Virginmartyr Dorothy at Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated Febuary 6 ; GREGORY OF NYSSA, (9 MAR 395); Martyr Quadratus and the rest of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 10; GREGORY THE ILLUMINATOR, APOSTLE TO ARMENIA (23 March 332); Martyr Eupsychius of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on April 9; Venerable Thomas the Fool of Syria, Commemorated on April 24; GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (9 MAY 389); Saint Emmeleίa, Commemorated on May 30; BASIL THE GREAT, BISHOP, THEOLOGIAN (14 JUNE 379); Martyr Hyacinthus of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on July 3; Martyr Theodotus at Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on July 4;

Kizilirmak River 1 (Sivas or Sebastea)

Sebaste, Armenia (high point, Iris River Source, Kizilirmak River 1)
Sebaste, Cappadocia; Hieromartyr Athenogenes the Bishop of Heracleopolis, Commemorated on July 16; Martyr Antiochus the Physician of Sebaste, Commemorated on July 16; MACRINA THE YOUNGER, MONASTIC AND TEACHER (19 JUL 379); Martyr Severian of Sebaste, Commemorated on September 9; Martyr Irenarchus at Sebaste, Commemorated on November 28 ; Martyr Eustratius at Sebaste, Commemorated December 13 ; Saint Modestos, Archbishop of Jerusalem, Commemorated on December 18; St Modestus the Archbishop of Jerusalem, Commemorated December 18 ; St Emilia, the Mother of St Basil the Great, Commemorated on January 1 ; St Peter the Bishop of Sebaste, in Armenia, Commemorated on January 9 ; 40 Holy Martyrs of Sebaste, Commemorated on March 9;

Kizilirmak River 2 (near Charsianon Fortress)

Kizilirmak River 3 (near Pinarbasi, Cappadocia)

Kizilirmak River 4 (Caesurea (Kayseri), Cappadocia)

Cappadocia, Greater Armenia (Central Anatolia, Great Road Ephesus to Euphrates, Kizilirmak River)
Cappadocia; Martyr Hilary of Ancyra, Commemorated July 12 ; Venerable Michael of Maleinus, Commemorated on July 12 ; Venerable Paisios of the Holy Mountain, Commemorated on July 12; Martyr Marcian of Iconium, Commemorated on July 13 ; Hieromartyr Athenogenes the Bishop of Heracleopolis, Commemorated on July 16; Martyr Antiochus the Physician of Sebaste, Commemorated on July 16; MACRINA THE YOUNGER, MONASTIC AND TEACHER (19 JUL 379) ; Venerable Macrina the Sister of St Basil the Great, Commemorated on July 19 ; Venerable Anthusa the Abbess of Mantinea in Asia Minor, Commemorated on July 27; St Irene Chrysovolantou, Commemorated on July 28; Martyr Julitta at Caesarea, Commemorated July 31 ; Righteous Eudocimus of Cappadocia, Commemorated on July 31; Apostle Matthias of the Seventy, Commemorated on August 9; Hieromartyr Alexander the Bishop of Comana, Commemorated on August 12; St Simeon Stylites, the Elder, Commemorated September 1 ; Martyr Eupsychius of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on September 7 ; Martyr Severian of Sebaste, Commemorated on September 9 ; Martyr Theodota at Nicea, Commemorated on September 17 ; Hieromartyr Gregory the Bishop of Greater Armenia, Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Armenia, Commemorated on September 30; Martyr Orestes of Cappadocia, Commemorated on November 10 ; Greatmartyr Mercurius of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on November 24 ; Venerable Macrina the Sister of St Basil the Great, Commemorated on July 19; Martyr Julitta at Caesarea, Commemorated on July 31 ; Righteous Eudocimus of Cappadocia, Commemorated on July 31; St Meletius the New, Commemorated September 1 ; Martyr Mamas of Caesarea in Cappadocia, Commemorated on September 2 ; Martyr Theodotus of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on September 2 ; Martyr Theodota at Nicea, Commemorated September 17 ; Venerable Igantius the Abbot in Asia Minor, Commemorated September 27 ; Martyrs Capitolina and Eroteis of Cappadocia, Commemorated on October 27; 33 Holy Martyrs of Melitene, Commemorated November 6 ; Martyr Orestes of Cappadocia, Commemorated on November 10 ; St Proclus the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated on November 20 ; Icon of the Mother of God of Damascus, Commemorated on December 4 ; Venerable Sava the Sanctified, Commemorated on December 5 ; Hieromartyr Alexander the Bishop of Jerusalem, Commemorated December 12 ; Venerable Theodora of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated December 30 ; Martyr Basil of Ancyra, Commemorated January 1 ; St Basil the Great the Archbishop of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated January 1 ; St Emilia, the Mother of St Basil the Great, Commemorated on January 1 ; St Peter the Bishop of Sebaste, in Armenia, Commemorated January 9 ; Venerable Theodosius the Great, the Cenobiarch, Commemorated on January 11 ; St Nino (Nina), Equal of the Apostles and Enlightener of Georgia, Commemorated January 14 ; Martyr Speusippus in Cappadocia, Commemorated on January 16 ; St Macarius the Stylite of Martkobsk, Georgia, Commemorated on January 19 ; St Gregory the Theologian the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated on January 25 ; Translation of the relics of St John Chrysostom the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated January 27 ; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated on January 28 ; The Meeting of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ in the Temple, Commemorated on February 2 ; Martyr Eubulus at Caesarea, Cappadocia, February 2 ; Martyr Blaise of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated February 3 ; Virginmartyr Dorothy at Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated Febuary 6 ; Greatmartyr Theodore Stratelates œthe GeneralÂ, Commemorated on February 8 ; Venerable Shio Mgvime, Commemorated February 9 ; Martyr Pamphilius the Presbyter at Caesarea, in Palestine, Commemorated on February 16; St Agapitus the Confessor the Bishop of Synnada in Phrygia, Commemorated February 18 ; Martyr Victor of Phrygia, Commemorated on February 18; St Agapitus the Confessor the Bishop of Synnada in Phrygia, Commemorated February 18; St Leo of Cappadocia, Commemorated on February 28; Hieromartyr Theodotus the Bishop of Cyrenia, Commemorated on March 2; GREGORY OF NYSSA, (9 MAR 395); GREGORY THE ILLUMINATOR, APOSTLE TO ARMENIA (23 March 332); St Hypatius the Wonderworker and Bishop of Gangra, Commemorated on March 31; Martyr Sava the Goth of Wallachia, Commemorated on April 15; GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (9 MAY 389); Martyr Quadratus and the rest of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 10; Martyr Eupsychius of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on April 9; Greatmartyr, Victory-bearer and Wonderworker George, Commemorated on April 23; Venerable Thomas the Fool of Syria, Commemorated on April 24; GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (9 MAY 389); St Akaki Asistavi of Georgia, Commemorated on May 7; St Alexander the Archbishop of Jerusalem, Commemorated on May 16 ; Glorification of the Venerable Zebulon, the father of St Nino Enlightener of Georgia, Commemorated on May 20; Martyr Basiliscus the Bishop of Comana, Commemorated on May 22; Hieromartyr Therapon the Bishop of Sardis, Commemorated on May 27; St John the Russian and Confessor, whose relics are on the island of Euboia, Commemorated on May 27; Martyr Hermias at Comana, Commemorated on May 31 ; Saint Kanides the Monk of Cappadocia, Commemorated on June 10; BASIL THE GREAT, BISHOP, THEOLOGIAN (14 JUNE 379); Hieromartyr Terence the Bishop of Iconium, Commemorated on June 21; Martyr Hyacinthus of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on July 3; Martyr Theodotus at Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on July 4; Martyr Kyriake of Nicomedia, Commemorated on July 7;

Maza, temporary name of Caesarea (Kayseri) Armenia, by Julian the Apostate
Maza, temporary name of Caesarea (Kayseri) Armenia, by Julian the Apostate Eupsychius was filled with zeal for the Lord, and he destroyed the temple. He knew that this would inevitably result in his punishment. Saint Eupsychius distributed all his possessions to the poor and prepared himself for martyrdom. enraged emperor Julian loosed his wrath not only upon Saint Eupsychius, but against all the inhabitants of this city. Some of the citizens were executed, while the more respectable were sent into exile. Christian clergy were drafted into military service, and he looted the churches of anything valuable. The city was deprived of its title Caesarea [i.e. “Imperialâ€] and resumed its original name of Maza. He also imposed a severe tax on the inhabitants. The emperor threatened to annihilate the city altogether, if the people did not build a new pagan temple in place of the one destroyed. tried to compel Saint Eupsychius to offer sacrifice to idols. For many days they tormented the saint on a rack, and also with iron claws. But his faith was firm, and the judge sentenced the martyr to be beheaded with a sword. Julian embarked on a campaign against the Persians, marching through Cappadocia and approaching Caesarea. Danger threatened the city, since the emperor intended to raze it to its foundations. But then Saint Basil the Great (January 1), showing Julian the proper respect as sovereign authority, came out to meet him carrying with him three loaves of barley bread, which he ate. The emperor ordered his retainers to take the loaves, and to give Saint Basil a pinch of hay saying, “You have given us barley, cattle fodder. Now receive hay from us in return.â€ saint answered, “O Emperor, we bring you that which we ourselves eat, and you give us cattle feed. You mock us, since you, by your might, are not able to transform hay into bread, the essential food of mankind.â€ angrily retorted, “I’ll shove this hay down your throat when I return here from Persia. I shall raze this city to its very foundations, and plow over this ground and turn it into a field. I know that it was on your advice that the people dared to destroy the statues and temple of Fortuna.â€ this the emperor continued on his way, but soon perished in his campaign against the Persians. He was struck down in the year 363 by the holy Great Martyr Mercurius (November 24). the emperor’s demise, the Christians of the city of Caesarea built a splendid church over the grave of Saint Eupsychius, and from his holy relics they received help and healing. Caesurea, Cappadocia; Martyr Eupsychius of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on April 9; Holy Martyr Eupsychius was born in the city of Caesarea in Cappadocia and received a Christian upbringing by his illustrious parents. the reign of Julian the Apostate (361-363), Saint Eupsychius entered into a Christian marriage. Caesarea there was a pagan temple to the goddess Fortuna, whom Julian the Apostate revered. As Eupsychius was going to his wedding, the pagans were offering sacrifice to the goddess Fortuna. Eupsychius was filled with zeal for the Lord, and he destroyed the temple. He knew that this would inevitably result in his punishment. Saint Eupsychius distributed all his possessions to the poor and prepared himself for martyrdom. enraged emperor Julian loosed his wrath not only upon Saint Eupsychius, but against all the inhabitants of this city. Some of the citizens were executed, while the more respectable were sent into exile. Christian clergy were drafted into military service, and he looted the churches of anything valuable. The city was deprived of its title Caesarea [i.e. “Imperialâ€] and resumed its original name of Maza. He also imposed a severe tax on the inhabitants. The emperor threatened to annihilate the city altogether, if the people did not build a new pagan temple in place of the one destroyed. tried to compel Saint Eupsychius to offer sacrifice to idols. For many days they tormented the saint on a rack, and also with iron claws. But his faith was firm, and the judge sentenced the martyr to be beheaded with a sword. Julian embarked on a campaign against the Persians, marching through Cappadocia and approaching Caesarea. Danger threatened the city, since the emperor intended to raze it to its foundations. But then Saint Basil the Great (January 1), showing Julian the proper respect as sovereign authority, came out to meet him carrying with him three loaves of barley bread, which he ate. The emperor ordered his retainers to take the loaves, and to give Saint Basil a pinch of hay saying, “You have given us barley, cattle fodder. Now receive hay from us in return.â€ saint answered, “O Emperor, we bring you that which we ourselves eat, and you give us cattle feed. You mock us, since you, by your might, are not able to transform hay into bread, the essential food of mankind.â€ angrily retorted, “I’ll shove this hay down your throat when I return here from Persia. I shall raze this city to its very foundations, and plow over this ground and turn it into a field. I know that it was on your advice that the people dared to destroy the statues and temple of Fortuna.â€ this the emperor continued on his way, but soon perished in his campaign against the Persians. He was struck down in the year 363 by the holy Great Martyr Mercurius (November 24). the emperor’s demise, the Christians of the city of Caesarea built a splendid church over the grave of Saint Eupsychius, and from his holy relics they received help and healing.

Comana, Armenia (on Roman Road, Pontica, Armenia, Cappadocia or Cilicia, Zamanti Seyhan River Valley)
Comana (Cappadocia); Hieromartyr Alexander the Bishop of Comana, Commemorated on August 12; St Proclus the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated on November 20 ; Translation of the relics of St John Chrysostom the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated January 27 ; Martyr Basiliscus the Bishop of Comana, Commemorated on May 22; Third Finding of the Honorable Head of the Holy Glorious Prophet, Forerunner and Baptist John, Commemorated on May 25; Martyr Hermias at Comana, Commemorated on May 31;

Cucusus, Armenia, Cappadocian Cucusus in the Taurian wilderness
Cucusus, Cappadocian Cucusus in the Taurian wilderness; Saint Paul the Confessor, Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated on November 6;

Mount Argeos, Armenia
Mount Argeos; Hieromartyr Blaise the Bishop of Sebaste, Commemorated February 11;

Prokopion, Armenia, Asia Minor
Prokopion (renamed Urgup by the Turks) ; St John the Russian and Confessor, whose relics are on the island of Euboia, Commemorated on May 27;

Zobē Monastery (Μονή Ζώβη), near Sebastopol in Armenia
Zobē Monastery (Μονή Ζώβη), near Sebastopol in Armenia; Martyr Michael, Abbot in Armenia, and 36 Fathers with him, Commemorated on October 1;

Sasima, Armenia
Sasima, St Basil the Great made St Gregory bishop of the city of Sasima, a small town between Caesarea and Tyana. ; St Gregory the Theologian the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated January 25 ; GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (9 MAY 389) ;

Nazianzos, Cappadocia, Armenia (Great Road from Ephesus)
Nazianzos; The transfer of the relics of Saint Gregory the Theologian, Commemorated on January 19; St Gregory the Theologian the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated January 25 ; GREGORY OF NYSSA, (9 MAR 395); Saint Caesarius, brother of Saint Gregory the Theologian, Commemorated on March 9; GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (9 MAY 389) ;

Tyana, Armenia, Cappadocia, on Roman Road to Cilicia
Tyana the Hittite Capital; Martyr Orestes of Cappadocia, Commemorated on November 10 ; St Gregory the Theologian the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated January 25 ; BASIL THE GREAT, BISHOP, THEOLOGIAN (14 JUNE 379) ; GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (9 MAY 389);

Neapolis (Nevsehir) in Cappadocia, Greater Armenia, Roman Roads Intersection Great Road across Turkey and to Cilicia
Neapolis (Nevsehir) in Cappadocia, Greater Armenia; Holy New Martyr Theocharis, Commemorated on August 20;

Kizilrmak River 5 (Nyssa, Cappadocia)

Nyssa, Cappadocia, Armenia (Kizilirmak River 5, Roman Road)
Nyssa, Cappadocia; MACRINA THE YOUNGER, MONASTIC AND TEACHER (19 JUL 379) ; Venerable Macrina the Sister of St Basil the Great, Commemorated on July 19 ; St Gregory the Wonderworker of Neocaesarea, Commemorated November 17 ; St Emilia, the Mother of St Basil the Great, Commemorated on January 1 ; St Peter the Bishop of Sebaste, in Armenia, Commemorated January 9 ; St Gregory the Bishop of Nyssa, Commemorated January 10; Blessed Theosebia the Deaconess, sister of Sts Basil the Great and Gregory of Nyssa, Commemorated January 10 ; The Meeting of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ in the Temple, Commemorated on February 2 ; GREGORY OF NYSSA, (9 MAR 395);

Kizilirmak River 6 (Paphlagonia)

Armenia, Euphrates Kizilirmak Rivers Folder, Great Road, Syria

Euphrates River

Euphrates River - Western Euphrates

Euphrates River 1

Arabrak (Arabraces), Armenia (Euphreates River 1 & Silk Road Great Road Trade Route)
Arabrak (Arabraces), Armenia ; Martyr Eustratius at Sebaste, Commemorated on December 13 ;

Silk Road Great Road Trade Route

Euphrates River 2 (Melitene)

Armenia, Edessa and Melitene area Folder, Top Left of the Fertile Crescent

Edessa area of Euphrates River

Armenia, Edessa and Melitene, Euphrates River Folder, Great Road

Melitene, Armenia (Intersection Roads from Ephesus and Euphrates River 2)
Malatya; Martyr Kyriake of Nicomedia, Commemorated July 7; Finding of the Icon of the Mother of God at the Miasena Monastery, Commemorated September 1 ; Martyr Eudoxius, Commemorated September 6; Uncovering of the relics St Acacius the Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated on September 15; Martyr Polyeuctus of Melitene, in Armenia, Commemorated on January 9 ; Saint Dometian, Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated on January 10; St Acacius the Confessor, Commemorated on March 31; St Acacius the Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated on April 17; St Eutychius the Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated on May 28;

Erevan (Yerevan Fortress, Melitene)
Erevan (Yerevan Fortress, Melitene); Arab Muslim Conquest of Armenia 639;

Euphrates River 3 (Samosata and Edessa)

Samosata, Armenia (Euphrates River 3)
Samosata; Martyr Lucian the Presbyter of Antioch, Commemorated on October 15; St Gregory the Wonderworker of Neocaesarea, Commemorated on November 17 ; Venerable Daniel the Stylite of Constantinople, Commemorated on December 11 ; Martyr Romanus at Samosata, Commemorated January 29 ; St Rabulas of Samosata, Commemorated February 19 ; Hieromartyr Eusebius the Bishop of Samosata, Commemorated on June 22;

Edessa, Armenia (Intersection and Euphrates River 3)
Edessa, Syria; St Theodore the Bishop of Edessa, Commemorated on July 9 ; Saint Theodore of Edessa, Mesopotamia, Commemorated on July 19; Venerable Simeon of Emessa the Fool-For-Christ, Commemorated on July 21; Martyr Michael the Black-Robed of Saint Savva Monastery, Commemorated on July 29; Apostle Matthias of the Seventy, Commemorated on August 9; Translation of the Image "œNot-Made-By-Hands"Â of our Lord Jesus Christ from Edessa to Constantinople, the Third œFeast of the Savior in August, Commemorated on August 16; Translation of the Image "œNot-Made-By-Hands"Â of our Lord Jesus Christ from Edessa to Constantinople, the Third œFeast of the Savior in AugustÂ, Commemorated on August 16 ; BERNARD OF CLAIRVAUX, ABBOT, THEOLOGIAN, AND POET (20 AUGUST 1153); Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy, Commemorated August 21 ; Martyr Bassa of Edessa, and her sons, Commemorated on August 21; St Barses the Confessor, Commemorated August 25 ; Finding of the Icon of the Mother of God at the Miasena Monastery, Commemorated on September 1 ; Martyr Juventinus the Soldier at Antioch, Commemorated on September 5 ; Martyr Sarbelus of Edessa, Commemorated September 5 ; Martyr Eudoxius, Commemorated September 6 ; Forefeast of the Nativity of the Mother of God. Commemorated September 7 ; Martyr Domnina with her daughters of Syria, Commemorated on October 4; Virginmartyr Pelagia of Antioch, Commemorated October 8 ; Apostle James the Son of Alphaeus, Commemorated on October 9; Martyr Lucian the Presbyter of Antioch, Commemorated on October 15 ; Martyr Sarbelus of Edessa, Commemorated October 15 ; Venerable Abramius the Recluse of Mesopotamia, Commemorated on October 29 ; Martyr and Confessor Gurias of Edessa, Commemorated on November 15 ; St Theodoulus the Eparch of Constantinople, Commemorated December 3 ; Martyr Gemellus of Paphlagonia, Commemorated December 10 ; St Theodore the Bishop of Edessa; Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy, Commemorated January 4 ; St Eustratius the Wonderworker, Commemorated on January 9 ; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated on January 28 ; St Aphraates of Persia, Commemorated on January 29 ; St Sarbelus of Edessa, January 29 ; Wonderworker and Unmercenary Cyrus, Commemorated on January 31 ; Martyr Bassa of Edessa, and her sons; Martyr Domnina with her daughters of Syria; Venerable Alexander the founder of the Monastery, of the "Unsleeping Ones", Commemorated February 23 ; St John Zedazneli of Zaden, in Georgia with his 12 Disciples, Commemorated on May 7; Venerable Alexis the Man of God, Commemorated on March 17; Venerable Hilarion the New the Abbot of Pelecete, Commemorated on March 28 ; Apostle Trophimus of the Seventy, Commemorated on April 15 ; Greatmartyr Irene of Thessalonica, Commemorated on May 5; EARLY ABBOTS of CLUNY, 30 April 909 ; EPHREM OF EDESSA, DEACON AND HYMN-WRITER (10 JUNE 373); Apostle Jude the Brother of the Lord, Commemorated on June 19; St Alexander the Founder of the Monastery of the "œUnsleeping Ones"Â, Commemorated on July 3 ;

Edessa, Armenia (abundant water)
Edessa in Syria which is also called upper Messopotamia. County of Edessa; St Theodore the Bishop of Edessa, Commemorated on July 9 ; Venerable Simeon of Emessa the Fool-For-Christ, Commemorated on July 21; Apostle Matthias of the Seventy, Commemorated on August 9 ; Translation of the Image "œNot-Made-By-Hands"Â of our Lord Jesus Christ from Edessa to Constantinople, the Third œFeast of the Savior in August"Â, Commemorated on August 16; Translation of the Image "Not-Made-By-Hands" of our Lord Jesus Christ from Edessa to Constantinople, the Third œFeast of the Savior in AugustÂ, Commemorated on August 16 ; BERNARD OF CLAIRVAUX, ABBOT, THEOLOGIAN, AND POET (20 AUGUST 1153); Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy, Commemorated August 21 ; Martyr Bassa of Edessa, and her sons, Commemorated on August 21; St Barses the Confessor, Commemorated August 25 ; Martyr Sarbelus of Edessa, Commemorated September 5 ; Forefeast of the Nativity of the Mother of God. Commemorated September 7 ; Martyr Domnina with her daughters of Syria, Commemorated on October 4; Virginmartyr Pelagia of Antioch, Commemorated October 8 ; Apostle James the Son of Alphaeus, Commemorated on October 9; Martyr Lucian the Presbyter of Antioch, Commemorated on October 15 ; Martyr Sarbelus of Edessa, Commemorated October 15 ; Venerable Abramius the Recluse of Mesopotamia, Commemorated on October 29 ; Martyr and Confessor Gurias of Edessa, Commemorated on November 15 ; St Theodoulus the Eparch of Constantinople, Commemorated December 3 ; Martyr Gemellus of Paphlagonia, Commemorated December 10 ; Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4 ; St Eustratius the Wonderworker, Commemorated on January 9 ; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated on January 28 ; Abgar monastery; St Aphraates of Persia, Commemorated on January 29 ; St Sarbelus of Edessa, January 29 ; Wonderworker and Unmercenary Cyrus, Commemorated on January 31 ; Venerable Alexis the Man of God, Commemorated on March 17; Venerable Hilarion the New the Abbot of Pelecete, Commemorated on March 28; Apostle Trophimus of the Seventy, Commemorated on April 15 ; EARLY ABBOTS of CLUNY, 30 April 909 ; Greatmartyr Irene of Thessalonica, Commemorated on May 5; St John Zedazneli of Zaden, in Georgia with his 12 Disciples, Commemorated on May 7; Martyr Michael "œthe Black-Robed"Â of St Sava Monastery, Commemorated on May 23; EPHREM OF EDESSA, DEACON AND HYMN-WRITER (10 JUNE 373); Apostle Jude the Brother of the Lord, Commemorated on June 19; St Alexander the Founder of the Monastery of the "œUnsleeping Ones"Â, Commemorated on July 3 ; St Theodore the Bishop of Edessa, Commemorated on July 9;

Unsleeping Ones Monastery, Edessa, Armenia, about 400 (Euphrates River 3)
Unsleepinge Ones Monastery, Edessa, Armenia advanced through all the degrees of monastic obedience, he received a blessing from the igumen to dwell in the wilderness. The saint lived an ascetical life in the wilderness, taking only the Holy Gospel with him. Afterwards, the Lord summoned him to preach to pagans. He converted to the faith the local city-head Rabbul, who afterwards prospered in the service of the Church, attaining the rank of bishop, and for thirty years, he occupied the bishop’s cathedra in the city of Edessa. Saint Alexander settled not far from the Euphrates River. Monks gathered around him, attracted by the loftiness of his prayerful asceticism and spiritual experience. A monastery of 400 monks eventually sprang up there. the holy igumen in his prayerful zeal decided to offer never-ceasing praise to the Lord at the monastery both by day and by night. For three years the holy abba prayed that God might reveal to him whether it was pleasing to Him to establish such a monastic rule. He received an answer by divine revelation. All the monks were divided into twenty-four watches of prayer. Changing shifts each hour, two choirs sang the holy Psalms both day and night, except when divine services were celebrated in church. Hence the name “Monastery of Unsleeping Ones,â€ since the ascetics offered unceasing praise to God. Alexander guided the monastery on the Euphrates for twelve years. Thereafter, having left the experienced Elder Trophimus as igumen, he set off with some chosen brethren through the cities bordering on Persia, to preach the Gospel. Having arrived at Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire, he also established a monastery there with his Rule of unceasing praise. The abba died at a great old age after fifty years of monastic struggles. His death occurred in the year 430. Venerable Alexander, founder of the Monastery of the “Unsleeping Onesâ€, Commemorated on February 23

Hellenopolis, Syria (Edessa area)
Hellenopolis ; Venerable Patermuthius the Ascetic of Egypt, Commemorated on July 9;

Jacob's Ladder, Haran, Edessa, Syria
Jacob's Ladder, Haran ; Forefeast of the Nativity of the Mother of God, Commorated on September 7 ;

Carrhae, Armenia (modern Harran, near Edessa)
Carrhae (modern Harran) ; St Barses the Confessor, Commemorated August 25; St Abraham the Bishop of Charres in Mesopotamia, Commemorated on February 14 ;

Constantina, Armenia and Syria (Kurdish Turkey, NE of Edessa)
Constantina; Great Martyr Irene, Commemorated on May 5; was deposed by his son Sapor, who persecuted Christians with an even greater zeal than his father had done. Saint Irene went to her home town of Magedon in Persia to meet Sapor and his army, and ask him to end the persecution. When he refused, Saint Irene prayed and his entire army was blinded. She prayed again and they received their sight once more. In spite of this, Sapor refused to recognize the power of God. Because of his insolence, he was struck and killed by a bolt of lightning. this, Saint Irene walked into the city and performed many miracles. She returned to the tower built by her father, accompanied by the priest Timothy. Through her teaching, she converted five thousand people to Christ. Next, the saint went to the city of Callinicus, or Callinicum (possibly on the Euphrates River in Syria). The ruler of that place was King Numerian, the son of Sebastian. When she began to teach about Christ, she was arrested and tortured by the pagan authorities. They enclosed her inside three bronze oxen, one after another, which were heated until they were red-hot. When the Great Martyr was placed within the third ox, it began to walk about, and then it split asunder. Saint Irene emerged from it as if from the fires of hell. This resulted in thousands of souls converting to the faith of Christ. the approach of death, Numerian instructed his eparch Babdonus to continue torturing the saint in order to force her to sacrifice to idols. Once again, the tortures were ineffective, and many people turned to Christ. ’s holy martyr then traveled to the city of Constantina, forty miles northeast of Edessa. By 330, the Persian king Sapor II (309-379) had heard of Saint Irene’s great miracles. To prevent her from winning more people to Christ, she was arrested, beheaded, and then buried. However, God sent an angel to raise her up again, and she went into the city of Mesembria. After seeing her alive and hearing her preach, the local king was baptized with many of his subjects. Wishing to convert even more pagans to Christianity, Saint Irene went to Ephesus, where she taught the people and performed many miracles. The Lord revealed to her that the end of her life was approaching. Then Saint Irene left the city accompanied by six people, including her former teacher Apellian. On the outskirts of the town, she found a new tomb in which no one had ever been buried. After making the Sign of the Cross, she went inside, directing her companions to seal the entrance to the cave with a large stone, which they did. She also told them that that no one should move the stone until four days had passed. returned after only two days, and found that the stone had been rolled away and the tomb was empty. There are conflicting accounts about her holy relics being taken to Constantinople and other places, including Patras, Samos, and Patmos. According to the Western Martyrologies, Saint Irene was martyred in Thessaloniki after being thrown into the fire, while according to the Menologion of Emperor Basil II, Saint Irene completed her martyric contest by being beheaded. Irene led thousands of people to Christ through her preaching, and by her example. The Church continues to honor her memory and to seek her heavenly intercession. She is invoked by those wishing to effect a swift and happy marriage. In Greece, she is also the patron saint of policemen. Saint Irene is also one of the twelve Virgin Martyrs who appeared to Saint Seraphim of Sarov (January 2) and the Diveyevo nun Eupraxia on the Feast of the Annunciation in 1831. By her holy prayers, may the Lord have mercy upon us and save us. Amen.

Zeugma, Syria (Euphrates River 3.5)
Zeugma, Syria; St Publius the Ascetic of Syria, Commemorated January 25 ;

Kobane, Syria (Euphrates River 3.5)
Kobane, Syria;

Euphrates River 4 (Hieropolis, Syria)

Armenia, Edessa and Melitene, Euphrates River 4, Sajur River Folder

Sajur River 1

Sajur River 2

Sajur River 3

Sajur River Source (two streams at Gaziantep)

Sajur River Mouth (Hieropolis and Pethor, Euphrates River 4)

Hieropolis in Syria (Sajur River Mouth, Euphrates River 4)
Hieropolis in Syria (Euphrates River 4) 30 kilometers west of the Euphrates; Martyr Domnina with her daughters of Syria, Commemorated on October 4; Holy, All-Praised Apostle Philip, Commemorated November 14 ;

Pethor (Sajur River Mouth, Euphrates River 4)
Pethor (Sajur River Mouth, Euphrates River 4); Numbers 22:1-21. Balak Summons Balaam (from Pethor) to Curse Israel;

Euphrates River 5 (Kings Highway)

Callinicus, or Callinicum, Armenia or Syria (Euphrates River 5)
Callinicus, or Callinicum; Great Martyr Irene, Commemorated on May 5; was deposed by his son Sapor, who persecuted Christians with an even greater zeal than his father had done. Saint Irene went to her home town of Magedon in Persia to meet Sapor and his army, and ask him to end the persecution. When he refused, Saint Irene prayed and his entire army was blinded. She prayed again and they received their sight once more. In spite of this, Sapor refused to recognize the power of God. Because of his insolence, he was struck and killed by a bolt of lightning. this, Saint Irene walked into the city and performed many miracles. She returned to the tower built by her father, accompanied by the priest Timothy. Through her teaching, she converted five thousand people to Christ. Next, the saint went to the city of Callinicus, or Callinicum (possibly on the Euphrates River in Syria). The ruler of that place was King Numerian, the son of Sebastian. When she began to teach about Christ, she was arrested and tortured by the pagan authorities. They enclosed her inside three bronze oxen, one after another, which were heated until they were red-hot. When the Great Martyr was placed within the third ox, it began to walk about, and then it split asunder. Saint Irene emerged from it as if from the fires of hell. This resulted in thousands of souls converting to the faith of Christ. the approach of death, Numerian instructed his eparch Babdonus to continue torturing the saint in order to force her to sacrifice to idols. Once again, the tortures were ineffective, and many people turned to Christ. ’s holy martyr then traveled to the city of Constantina, forty miles northeast of Edessa. By 330, the Persian king Sapor II (309-379) had heard of Saint Irene’s great miracles. To prevent her from winning more people to Christ, she was arrested, beheaded, and then buried. However, God sent an angel to raise her up again, and she went into the city of Mesembria. After seeing her alive and hearing her preach, the local king was baptized with many of his subjects.

Euphrates River 6 (Chebar River Mouth)

Euphrates River 7 (Bagdagi)
Euphrates River;

Euphrates River 8 (Faluja)

Euphrates River 9 (Babylon)

Euphrates River 10

Euphrates River 11 (Samara)

Euphrates River 12

Euphrates River 13 (Tigris River)

Euphrates River Mouth (Persian Gulf)

Haran, Upper Mesopotamia, near Edessa, Syrian Mesopotamia, Assryia
Haran, Upper Messopotamia; (Arabic: حران, romanized: Ḥarrān), also known as Carrhae (Greek: Kάρραι, romanized: Kárrhai), is a rural town and district of the Şanlıurfa Province in southeastern Turkey, approximately 40 kilometres (25 miles) southeast of Urfa and 20 kilometers from the border crossing with Syria at Akçakale. was founded at some point between the 25th and 20th centuries BC as a merchant colony by Sumerian traders from Ur. Over the course of its early history, Harran rapidly grew into a major Mesopotamian cultural, commercial and religious center. It was made a religiously and politically influential city through its association with the moon-god Sin; many prominent Mesopotamian rulers consulted with and renovated the moon-temple of Ekhulkhul in Harran. Harran came under Assyrian rule under Adad-nirari I (r. 1305–1274 BC) and became a provincial capital often second in importance only to the Assyrian capital of Assur itself. During the collapse of the Assyrian Empire, Harran briefly served as the final capital of the Neo-Assyrian Empire 612–609 BC. city continued to be prominent after the fall of Assyria and experienced varying degrees of foreign cultural influence during its time under the Neo-Babylonian (609–539 BC), Achaemenid (539–330 BC), Macedonian (330–312 BC) and Seleucid (312–132 BC) empires. During classical antiquity Harran was often contested between the Roman and Parthian (later Sasanian) empires. In 53 BC Harran was the site of the Battle of Carrhae, one of the worst military defeats in Roman history. The Harranian moon cult of Sin proved to be enduring and lasted long into the Middle Ages, known to have existed as late as the 11th century AD. Harran was captured by the Rashidun Caliphate in 640 and remained an important city in the Islamic period. It flourished as a center of science and learning and was the site of both the first Islamic university (the Harran University)[3][a] and the oldest mosque in Anatolia[b] (the Harran Grand Mosque [tr]).[5] Harran twice served as a capital city in the Middle Ages, first briefly under the Umayyad Caliphate 744–750 and later under the Numayrid Emirate 990–1081. city was conquered by the Mongol Empire in 1260 but was largely destroyed and left abandoned in 1271. Although Harran was kept as a military outpost under some later regimes, it has over the last five centuries mainly been used as a temporary settlement by local nomadic societies. Harran retransitioned into a semi-permanent village settlement in the 1840s but has only recently grown into a permanent town through advancements in local irrigation and agriculture. Harran was a Turkish district until 1946, after when it was downgraded to a sub-district of the Akçakale district. It regained its status as a district in 1987.[6] Today, it is a major local tourist spot. The town is particularly famous for its unique beehive houses, which are reminiscent of buildings that were already present at Harran in ancient Mesopotamian times. Martyr Athenodorus of Mesopotamia, Commemorated on December 7; Righteous Jacob, Commemorated on December 11; Holy Martyr Athenodorus, from Syrian Mesopotamia, led a monastic life from his youth. as a Christian, he was arrested and condemned to fierce tortures by the governor of the land, Eleusius. accompanied the martyrdom of the saint, converted many of the pagans to the Christian Faith. was beheaded in the year 304.

Edessa, Armenia (Intersection and Euphrates River 3)
Edessa, Syria; St Theodore the Bishop of Edessa, Commemorated on July 9 ; Saint Theodore of Edessa, Mesopotamia, Commemorated on July 19; Venerable Simeon of Emessa the Fool-For-Christ, Commemorated on July 21; Martyr Michael the Black-Robed of Saint Savva Monastery, Commemorated on July 29; Apostle Matthias of the Seventy, Commemorated on August 9; Translation of the Image "œNot-Made-By-Hands"Â of our Lord Jesus Christ from Edessa to Constantinople, the Third œFeast of the Savior in August, Commemorated on August 16; Translation of the Image "œNot-Made-By-Hands"Â of our Lord Jesus Christ from Edessa to Constantinople, the Third œFeast of the Savior in AugustÂ, Commemorated on August 16 ; BERNARD OF CLAIRVAUX, ABBOT, THEOLOGIAN, AND POET (20 AUGUST 1153); Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy, Commemorated August 21 ; Martyr Bassa of Edessa, and her sons, Commemorated on August 21; St Barses the Confessor, Commemorated August 25 ; Finding of the Icon of the Mother of God at the Miasena Monastery, Commemorated on September 1 ; Martyr Juventinus the Soldier at Antioch, Commemorated on September 5 ; Martyr Sarbelus of Edessa, Commemorated September 5 ; Martyr Eudoxius, Commemorated September 6 ; Forefeast of the Nativity of the Mother of God. Commemorated September 7 ; Martyr Domnina with her daughters of Syria, Commemorated on October 4; Virginmartyr Pelagia of Antioch, Commemorated October 8 ; Apostle James the Son of Alphaeus, Commemorated on October 9; Martyr Lucian the Presbyter of Antioch, Commemorated on October 15 ; Martyr Sarbelus of Edessa, Commemorated October 15 ; Venerable Abramius the Recluse of Mesopotamia, Commemorated on October 29 ; Martyr and Confessor Gurias of Edessa, Commemorated on November 15 ; St Theodoulus the Eparch of Constantinople, Commemorated December 3 ; Martyr Gemellus of Paphlagonia, Commemorated December 10 ; St Theodore the Bishop of Edessa; Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy, Commemorated January 4 ; St Eustratius the Wonderworker, Commemorated on January 9 ; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated on January 28 ; St Aphraates of Persia, Commemorated on January 29 ; St Sarbelus of Edessa, January 29 ; Wonderworker and Unmercenary Cyrus, Commemorated on January 31 ; Martyr Bassa of Edessa, and her sons; Martyr Domnina with her daughters of Syria; Venerable Alexander the founder of the Monastery, of the "Unsleeping Ones", Commemorated February 23 ; Venerable Alexis the Man of God Commemorated on March 17 St John Zedazneli of Zaden, in Georgia with his 12 Disciples, Commemorated on May 7; Venerable Alexis the Man of God, Commemorated on March 17; Venerable Hilarion the New the Abbot of Pelecete, Commemorated on March 28 ; Apostle Trophimus of the Seventy, Commemorated on April 15 ; Greatmartyr Irene of Thessalonica, Commemorated on May 5; EARLY ABBOTS of CLUNY, 30 April 909 ; EPHREM OF EDESSA, DEACON AND HYMN-WRITER (10 JUNE 373); Apostle Jude the Brother of the Lord, Commemorated on June 19; St Alexander the Founder of the Monastery of the "œUnsleeping Ones"Â, Commemorated on July 3 ;

Armenia (Clean), Roman Roads, Rivers, places Folder

Armenia (Clean), its Area, Greater Armenia Area till 461, Buffer State for Western Roman Empire
Greater Armenia till 461, buffer state for Western Roman Empire, also includes Pontine and Cappadocia as revealed in many Saints' stories;

Armenia (Clean), Pontine, its Area (includes Paphlagonia)
Pontine, its Area (includes Paphlagonia)

Armenia (Clean), Zargos Mountains - Around the Fertile Crescent
Zargos Mountains, around the Fertile Crescent;

Armenia (Clean), extends into Arabian Plate, its Area
Arabian Plate, its Area

Armenia (Clean), next to Constantinople, its Area
Armenia, next to Constantinople, its Area

Armenia (Clean), Euphrates Kizilirmak Rivers Folder, Great Road, Syria

Arabrak (Arabraces), Armenia (Euphreates River 1 & Silk Road Great Road Trade Route)
Arabrak (Arabraces), Armenia ;

Armenia (Clean), Paphlagonia Folder, Western Pontine

Armenia (Clean), Paphlagonia, in Pontine, its Area
Armenia, Paphlagonia, its Area

Paphlagonia Region, Pontaine, Armenia (Gangra River, lower Kizilirmak River drainage)
Paphlagonia Region;

Armenia, Paphlagonia, Lycus River Folder, Farwestern Pontine (Clean)

Lycus River of Bithynia (and Paphlagonia)

Amastris, Pontus, Armenia
Amastridia; Martyr Hyacinthus of Amastris, Commemorated on July 18 ; St George the Bishop of Amastris on the Black Sea, Commemorated February 21 ; St John the Bishop of the Goths in the Crimea, Commemorated on May 19; St John the Bishop of the Goths in the Crimea, Commemorated on June 26;

Amastridia, Pontus, Armenia
Amastridia; Martyr Hyacinthus of Amastris, Commemorated on July 18 ; St George the Bishop of Amastris on the Black Sea, Commemorated February 21 ; St John the Bishop of the Goths in the Crimea, Commemorated on May 19; St John the Bishop of the Goths in the Crimea, Commemorated on June 26;

Heraclea, Pontica, Armenia (Lycus River Mouth, Black Sea)
Heraclea Pontica (Lycus River Mouth, Black Sea) ;

Armenia (Clean), Paphlagonia, Lower Kizilirmak River Folder

Mantinea in Paphlagonia, Pontine, Armenia, Asia Minor
Mantinea Asia Minor is somewhere in the Paphlagonia Region; Mantinea in Greece ; Regions of Ancient Greece - Asia Minor; Asia Minor; Venerable Anthusa the Abbess of Mantinea in Asia Minor, Commemorated July 27; 90 Venerable Sisters of Mantinea in Asia Minor, Commemorated July 27 ;

Pompeiopolis, Paphlagonia
Pompeiopolis, Paphlagonia; The exact location of Pompeiopolis, Paphlagonia is 45 km north of Kastamonu, to the north of Ta, in the valley of the Grmak (Roman name Amnias, or Amneus). Martyr Calliopius at Pompeiopolis in Cilicia, Commemorated on April 7;

Adrianopolis, Paphlogonia
Adrianopolis, Paphlogonia;

Black Sea (Varangian Sea, Romania to Georgia)
Black Sea (Varangian Sea, Romania to Georgia); Note: Wikipedia assumes the Varangian Sea was the Baltic Sea, but the stories of the saints refer to the Black Sea as the Varangian Sea. Varangians; Varangian Sea (Black Sea), Both Sides of Varangian Sea (Romania and Georgia); St Olga the Princess of Russia, in Holy Baptism Called Helen, Commemorated on July 11; Translation of the relics of the Hieromartyr Phocas the Bishop of Sinope, Commemorated on July 22 ; Venerable Gregory of Sinai, Mt. Athos, Commemorated on August 8; The Protection of our Most Holy Lady the Mother of God and Ever-Virgin Mary, Commemorated on October 1; Repose of St Alexander Nevsky, Commemorated November 23 ; Apostle Andrew, the Holy and All-Praised First-Called, Commemorated November 30; Hieromartyr Basil of Cherson, Commemorated on March 7; St Theophylactus the Bishop of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 8; Virginmartyr Alexandra of Amisus, Commemorated on March 20; Martyr Rufinus the Deacon at Sinope, Commemorated on April 7; Apostle Simon Zealotes, Commemorated on May 10 ; Martyr Orentius, one of the seven martyred brothers in Georgia, Commemorated on June 24 ; The Placing of the Honorable Robe of the Most Holy Mother of God at Blachernae, Commemorated on July 2;

Varangian Sea (Black Sea, Romania to Georgia)
Black Sea; Note: Wikipedia assumes the Varangian Sea was the Baltic Sea, but the stories of the saints refer to the Black Sea as the Varangian Sea. Varangians; Varangian Sea (Black Sea), Both Sides of Varangian Sea (Romania and Georgia); St Olga the Princess of Russia, in Holy Baptism Called Helen, Commemorated on July 11; Translation of the relics of the Hieromartyr Phocas the Bishop of Sinope, Commemorated on July 22 ; The Protection of our Most Holy Lady the Mother of God and Ever-Virgin Mary, Commemorated on October 1 ; Repose of St Alexander Nevsky, Commemorated November 23 ; Apostle Andrew, the Holy and All-Praised First-Called, Commemorated November 30; Hieromartyr Basil of Cherson, Commemorated on March 7; St Theophylactus the Bishop of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 8; Virginmartyr Alexandra of Amisus, Commemorated on March 20; Martyr Rufinus the Deacon at Sinope, Commemorated on April 7; Apostle Simon Zealotes, Commemorated on May 10; Martyr Orentius, one of the seven martyred brothers in Georgia, Commemorated on June 24 ; The Placing of the Honorable Robe of the Most Holy Mother of God at Blachernae, Commemorated on July 2;

Armenia, Paphlagonia, Pontine, Lower Kizilirmak River 7, Gangra River Folder (Clean)

Gangra River

Gangra, Paphlagonia, Armenia (rich well watered valley, Gangra River)
Gangra;

Armenia, Paphlagonia, Pontine, Lower Kizilirmak River 7, Amnia River Folder (Clean)

Amnia River

Amnia, Paphlagonia, Armenia (probably here at the mouth of the Amnia River)
Amnia (probably here at the mouth of the Amnia River); Amnia River Region is on the Amnia River near the Battle of Amnia; Righteous Philaret the Merciful of Amnia in Asia Minor, Commemorated December 1 ;

Sinope, Paphlagonia, Armenia (Pontine Capital, near Kizilirmak River Mouth, Black Sea)
Sinope, Turkey (Black Sea);

Armenia (Clean), Tigris River Folder

Nisibis, Armenia (Tigris River 3)
Nisibis (Mesopotamia);

Armenia (Clean), Aras River Folder

Basiani, Armenia (Aras River Source)
Basiani, Georgia;

Erzurum, Turkey (NATO Cold War airforce post)
Erzurum, Turkey (NATO Cold War airforce post) ;

Armenia (Clean), Aras River Source, Euphrates River Source Folder

Armenia (Clean), Aras River 3, Akhurian River Folder

Armenia (Clean), Aras River 4, Metsamor River Folder

Armenia (Clean), Aras River 5, Hrazdan River Folder

Armenia (Clean), Aras River 5, Azat River Folder

Artashat, Armenian Capital (Azat River Mouth, Aras River 5)
Artashat;

Mount Ararat, Armenia (south of Aras River 7)
Mount Ararat;

Midznadzori Wilderness, Armenia (Aras River 19), Zanglan District
Midznadzori Wilderness, Azerbaijan; Zangilan District;

Armenia (Clean), Aras River 20, Kalebar River Folder

Armenia (Clean), Aras River 20, Vorotan River Folder

Armenia (Clean), Edessa and Melitene area Folder

Armenia (Clean), Edessa and Melitene, its Area

Armenia (Clean), Edessa and Melitene, Euphrates River Folder, Great Road

Edessa, Armenia (Intersection and Euphrates River 3)
Edessa, Syria;

Edessa, Armenia (abundant water)
Edessa in Syria which is also called upper Messopotamia. County of Edessa;

Haran, Upper Mesopotamia, near Edessa, Syrian Mesopotamia, Assryia
Haran, Upper Messopotamia;

Melitene, Armenia (Intersection Roads from Ephesus and Euphrates River 2)
Malatya;

Samosata, Armenia (Euphrates River 3)
Samosata;

Armenia (Clean), Edessa and Melitene, Euphrates River 4, Sajur River Folder

Armenia (Clean), Northeast Turkey and West Georgia, Laze Folder

Armenia (Clean), Harsit River Folder (Far Eastern Pontine)

Lazeti, Pontine (Harsit River Source)
Lazeti;

Armenia (Clean), Kelkit River Folder (Eastern Pontine)

Kelkit River Source (Gumushane (Silver House))
Kelkit River Source (Gumushane (Silver House)) Kelkit River, the road from Armenia to Bithynia; North Anatolian Fault;

Nicopolis, Armenia, Pontaine (Kelkit River 1)
Nicopolis (Pontus);

Colonia, Pontine, Armenia (Koyluhisar or Nicopolis, Kelkit River1)
Colonia in Armenia (Koyluhisar or Nicopolis);

Pontus Polemoniacus Area, Armenia (Kelkit River 2)
Pontus Polemoniacus Area;

Neocaesarea, Pontus, Armenia (Kelkit River 3, Iris River Crossroads) Saint Gregory
Neocaesarea;

Kelkit River Mouth (Iris (Yesil) River 3)
Kelkit River Mouth (Iris (Yesil) River 3) Kelkit River, the road from Armenia to Bithynia;

Armenia (Clean), Silk Road Folder (China to Turkey at Trabezon Armenia

Silk Road South, Hindu Kush Mountains to Merv

Silk Road South, Kashgar, China to Hindu Kush Mountains (Tea Horse Route)

Silk Road North to Kashgar by north of the Taklimakan Desert route

Silk Road North to Kashgar by south of the Taklimakan Desert route

Silk Road North and North of the Tian Shan Mountains

Silk Road from Kashgar to Fergana Valley to Koland to Merv

Silk Road from Kashgar to Termiz to Balkh to Merv

Silk Road, Trabezon to Merv

Grand Trunk Road (between South China and Afganistan)

Grand Trunk Road (Southeast Asia to Afganistan)

Southern Silk Road

Southern Silk Road - The Tea Route (Hunnan to Bengal)

Armenia (Clean), Iris Rivers Folder (Central and Southeastern Pontine)

Komana (Comana), Pontica Armenia (Iris River 1)
Komana (Comana), Pontica;

Amasea, Pontine, Armenia (Iris River 3)
Amasea;

Armenia (Clean), Ankara-Amasea Road, Euchaita was important stop

Euchaita, Pontus, Armenia (Iris River 2)
Euchaita;

Lake Sebastea, Iris River Source

Sebaste, Pontine, Armenia (high point, Kizilirmak River 1, Iris River Source)
Sebaste, Armenia ;

Pontus, City of Pontus, Armenia (Eupatoria, a crossroads, Isis River 3, Kelkit River 3)
Eupatoria (Pontus);

Iris River Crossroads ( Pontus on Iris, and Neocaesarea on Kelkit) Macrina and Basil)
MACRINA THE YOUNGER, MONASTIC AND TEACHER (19 JUL 379) ;

Zela, Pontine, Armenia, high point, site of Ancient Battles
Zela, Pontine, high point, site of Ancient Battles;

Armenia (Clean), Roman Roads in Cilicia

Roman Road in Cilicia

Roman Road in Cilicia - From the East, Connection to Great Road

Roman Road in Cilicia - From the West, Connection to the Great Road through Cicilian Gates

Roman Road in Cilicia - Connecting Tarsus and Antioch, Cilicia (Adana, Incirlik)

Roman Road in Cilicia - Connecting Comana or Cucusus with Antioch, Cilicia and Syria

Roman Roads in Cilicia, Connecting Antioch Cilicia with Antioch, Syria, Lebanon, and Kings Hwy

Comana, Armenia (Pontica, Armenia, Cappadocia or Cilicia, on a Roman Road, Zamanti Seyhan River Valley)
Comana (Cappadocia);

Seyhan River

Zamanti River in Cappadocia (Source of the Seyhan)

Roman Road in Cilicia - Connecting Antioch Cilicia with Comona and Great Road

Cicilian Gates

Armenia (Clean), Syrian Roads Near Armenia

Roman Road, Sajur River in Syria, connecting Cilicia and Euphrates River 4 at Hieropolis and Pelion

Syria to Lebanon Pass, Orantes River Headwaters to Heliopolis, Barbara's Bathhouse

Syria, Roman Road, Cilicia to Gulf of Isska to Rossoa to Antioch to Orantes River to Lebanon Pass

Kings Highway (Nile River, Egypt to Euphrates River, Syria)

Armenia (Clean), Kizilirmak River Folder, Great Road from Ephesus to Euphrates, Cappadocia

Armenia (Clean), Cappadocia, its Area
Armenia, Cappadocia, its Area

Cappadocia, Armenia (Central Anatolia)
Cappadocia;

Caesurea (Kayseri), Armenia, Cappadocian Capital (Great Road, Kizilirmak River 4)
Caesurea, Cappadocia;

Nyssa, Armenia (Kizilirmak River 5)
Nyssa, Cappadocia;

Nazianzos, Cappadocia, Armenia (Great Road from Ephesus)
Nazianzos;

Sebaste, Cappadocia, Armenia (high point, Kizilirmak River 1, Iris River Source)
Sebaste, Armenia ;

Armenia (Clean), Silk Road to Great Road and Yerevan Trade Route Folder

Trebizond, Pontine (Black Sea, Silk Road, Harsit River)
Trebizond (Black Sea, Silk Road) ;

Armenia (Clean), Great Road To Yerevan Trade Route Folder - via Upper Euphrates

Great Road to Yerevan Armenia Trade Route via Upper Euphrates River