Serbia Folder, its Danube rivers North, Balkan mountains, and Kosovo Rivers South.kmz

Serbia Folder, its Danube rivers North, Balkan mountains, and Kosovo Rivers South

Serbia (Belgrade)
Serbia; Icon of the Mother of God "of the Three Hands"on Mt Athos, Commemorated on July 12 ; Blessed Stephen the King of Serbia, With His Mother, Commemorated on July 19 ; St Militsa of Serbia, Commemorated on July 19; Repose of the Venerable John the Abbot of Rila, Commemorated on August 18; St Macarius the Patriarch, Commemorated on August 30; St Sava I, Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on August 30 ; St Joannicius the first Patriarch of Serbia, Commemorated on September 3; Greatmartyr Nicetas the Goth, Commemorated on September 15 ; Repose of St Cyprian the Metropolitan of Moscow and All Russia, Commemorated on September 16 ; Blessed John the King of Serbia and his parents, Commemorated December 10 ; Martyr Avakum the Deacon of Serbia, Commemorated December 17 ; St Paisius, Commemorated on December 17 ; Greatmartyr Anastasia the "Deliverer from Potions", Commemorated December 22 ; Righteous Juliana of Lazarevo, Murom, Commemorated on January 2 ; Martyr Hermylus of Belgrade, Commemorated January 13 ; Blessed Stephen the King of Serbia, With His Mother, Commemorated July 19 ; St Militsa of Serbia, Commemorated July 19 ; Venerable Angelina of Serbia; Serbian Hierarchs; St Sava I, Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated January 12; St Spyridon the Patriarch; St Macarius the Patriarch; St Gabriel I the Patriarch; St Joannicius the first Patriarch of Serbia; St Vladislav of Serbia, Commemorated on September 24; St Stephen Stiljianovitch of Serbia, Commemorated October 4 ; St Stephen of Serbia, ÃƒÂ¢Ã‚Â€Ã‚Âœthe blind oneÃƒÂ¢Ã‚Â€Ã‚ÂÂÂÂ, Commemorated on October 9 ; Venerable Parasceva (Petka) of Serbia, Commemorated on October 14 ; Venerable Bessarion Sarai the Confessor in Romania, Commemorated October 21 ; Repose of St Arsenius the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on October 28 ; St Stephen Miliutin of Serbia, Commemorated on October 30 ; Venerable Dragutin (Theoctistus in Monasticism) of Serbia, Commemorated on October 30 ; St Helen of Serbia, Commemorated on October 30 ; St Stephen Urosh, King of Serbia, Commemorated on December 2 ; Icon of the Mother of God of Damascus, Commemorated on December 4 ; Venerable Gregory the Founder of Grigoriou Monastery of Mt Athos, Commemorated on December 7 ; Blessed John the King of Serbia and his parents, Commemorated on December 10 ; Blessed Stephen the Prince of Serbia, Commemorated December 10 ; Martyr Avakum the Deacon of Serbia; St Daniel II the Archbishop of Serbia; St Sava I, First Archbishop of Serbia; Icon of the Mother of God the ÃƒÂ¢Ã‚Â€Ã‚ÂœMilkgiverÃƒÂ¢Ã‚Â€Ã‚ÂÂÂÂ, Commemorated on January 12 ; Martyr Stratonicus of Belgrade, Commemorated January 13 ; St Prochorus the Abbot in the Vranski Desert on the river Pshina in Bulgaria, Commemorated on January 15; Venerable Romilus of Ravenica, Commemorated January 16 ; St Maximus the New, Commemorated January 18 ; St Sava II the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on February 8; Venerable Stephen (In Monasticism Simeon), the Myrrhgusher and Prince of Serbia, Commemorated on February 13; CYRIL AND METHODIUS, MISSIONARIES TO THE SLAVS (14 FEB 869) ; Repose of St Nicholas of Zhicha, Commemorated on March 18 ; Hieromartyr Irenaeus the Bishop of Sirmium in Hungary, Commemorated on March 26; St Nicodemus the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on May 11 Repose of St Nicholas of Zhicha, Commemorated on March 18; GREGORY THE ILLUMINATOR, APOSTLE TO ARMENIA (23 March 332); Martyr Manuel, Commemorated on March 27; GEORGE, SOLDIER and MARTYR, 23 APRIL 303, Commemorated April 23; St Sava Brancovici the Metropolitan of Ardeal, and the Confessor of Romania, Commemorated on April 24; St Basil the Bishop of Ostrog in Montenegro, Serbia, Commemorated on April 29; New Martyr Ignatius the Martyr of Mt Athos, Commemorated on May 1; Hieromartyr Erasmus the Bishop of Formia in Campania, Commemorated on May 4; St Nicodemus the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on May 11 ; Equal of the Apostles and Emperor Constantine with his Mother Helen, Commemorated on May 21; St John-Vladimir the Prince of Bulgaria, the Greatmartyr and Miracle-worker, Commemorated on May 22; St John the Russian and Confessor, whose relics are on the island of Euboia, Commemorated on May 27 ; New Martyr John the New of Sochi, who suffered at Belgrade, Commemorated on June 2; St Peter of Korisha, Commemorated on June 5; Synaxis of the Saints of Siberia, Commemorated on June 10; Right-believing Prince Lazarus the Great Martyr of Serbia, Commemorated on June 15; St Ephraim the Bulgarian, Patriarch of Serbia, Commemorated on June 15; Venerable Anastasia of Serbia, Commemorated on June 21; Icon of the Mother of God of Kasperov, Commemorated on June 29; St Angelina of Serbia, Commemorated on July 1; Translation of the relics of the Venerable John of Rila from Trnovo to Rila, Commemorated on July 1; Icon of the Mother of God the ÃƒÂ¢Ã‚Â€Ã‚ÂœMilk-GiverÃƒÂ¢Ã‚Â€Ã‚ÂÂÂÂ of the Hilandar Monastery on Mt. Athos, Commemorated on July 3;

Serbia, Yugoslavia (Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia)
Yugoslavia; Repose of St Nicholas of Zhicha, Commemorated on March 18;

Yugoslavia (Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia) 1918-1992
Yugoslavia; Repose of St Nicholas of Zhicha, Commemorated on March 18;

Serbia, 1196-1346, Serbian Kingdom
Serbia, 1196-1346, Serbian Kingdom ; St Nicodemus the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on May 11;

Serbia, 1346-1371, Serbian Empire
Serbia, 1346-1371, Serbian Empire ;

Serbia, 1389, Battle of Kosovo Field 1389
Serbia, 1389, Battle of Kosovo Field 1389 (Kosovo Field, 5km northwest of Pristina) ; St Spyridon the Patriarch, Commemorated on August 30; St Peter of Korisha, Commemorated on June 5; Right-believing Prince Lazarus the Great Martyr of Serbia, Commemorated on June 15; St Ephraim the Bulgarian, Patriarch of Serbia, Commemorated on June 15;

Serbia, 1402-1459, Serbian Despotate
Serbia, Serbian Despotate, 1402-1459 ; Blessed John the King of Serbia and his parents, Commemorated on December 10 ; Blessed Stephen the Prince of Serbia, Commemorated on December 10;

Serbia, 1459-1800, Ottoman Serbia
Serbia, 1459-1800, Ottoman Serbia; Ottoman Empire, 1299-1923; Blessed John the King of Serbia and his parents, Commemorated on December 10 ;

Serbia, 1804-1813, First Serbian Uprising
Serbia, 1804-1813, First Serbian Uprising; New Martyr Ignatius the Monk of Bulgaria, Commemorated on October 8; Martyr Avakum the Deacon of Serbia, Commemorated on December 17; St Paisius, Commemorated on December 17;

Serbian History Folder

Serbia, 46 BC - 500 AD, Folder, Roman Serbia

Serbia, 000, 1st Century Folder, Adronicus and Junia, Paul's kin

Serbia, 40-60 apx, Adronicus, Paul's kin, in Pannonia (Hungary, Austia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Croatia, Bosnia, Hezegovinia)
Serbia, 40-60 approx, Adronicus and Junia, Paul's kin, in Pannonia (parts of: Hungary, Austia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Croatia, Bosnia, Hezegovinia); Andronicus Apostle of the Seventy and Saint Junia were relatives of the holy Apostle Paul. They labored much, preaching the Gospel to pagans. Saint Paul mentions them in his Epistle to the Romans: “Salute Andronicus and Junia, my kinsmen and fellow prisoners, who are of note among the Apostles, who also were in Christ, before me” (Romans 16:7). Andronicus was made Bishop of Pannonia, but his preaching also took him and Saint Junia to other lands, far from the boundaries of his diocese. Through the efforts of Saints Andronicus and Junia the Church of Christ was strengthened, pagans were converted to the knowledge of God, many pagan temples closed, and in their place Christian churches were built. The service in honor of these saints states that they suffered martyrdom for Christ. the fifth century, during the reign of the emperors Arcadius and Honorius, their holy relics were uncovered on the outskirts of Constantinople together with the relics of other martyrs at the gate of Eugenius (February 22). was revealed to the pious cleric Nicholas Kalligraphos that among the relics of these seventeen martyrs were the relics of the holy Apostle Andronicus. Afterwards, a magnificent church was built on this spot. Pannonia (parts of: Hungary, Austia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Croatia, Bosnia, Hezegovinia) ; Equal of the Apostles and Teacher of the Slavs, Cyril, Commemorated on May 11; Apostle Andronicus of the Seventy and his fellow-laborer, Junia, Commemorated on May 17

Serbia, 200, 3rd Century Folder, Roman Emperor Decius from Serbia

Roman Emperor Decius (249-251) from Serbia
Roman Emperor Decius (249-251); Martyr Julian of Alexandria, Commemorated on February 27;

Serbia, 400, 5th Century Folder, Roman Gothic and Byzantine victory over the Huns at Bassianae

Serbia, 469, Battle of Bassianae (Byzantine (Gothic, Roman) victory over the Huns)
Battle of Bassianae (Byzantine (Gothic, Roman) victory over the Huns) 469; The war ended in 469. Marcellinus Comes shortly recorded "The head of Dinzic, son of Attila, king of the Huns, was brought to Constantinople".[14] The Chronicon Paschale recounts "Dinzirichus, Attila's son, was killed by Anagastes, general in Thrace. His head was brought to Constantinople, carried in procession through the Middle Street, and fixed on a pole at the Wooden Circus. The whole city turned out to look at it".[14] Jordanes recounts events in c. 468: "Now after firm peace was established between Goths and Romans, the Goths found that what they received from the emperor was not sufficient for them. Furthermore, they were eager to display their wonted valor, and so began to plunder the neighboring peoples around them, first attacking the Sadagis[nb 1] who held the interior of Pannonia. When Dintzic, king of the Huns, a son of Attila, learned this, he gathered to him the few who still seemed to have remained under his sway, namely, the Ultzinzures[nb 2] the Angisciri[nb 3] the Bittugures[nb 4] and the Bardores[nb 5] Coming to Bassianae (see Battle of Bassianae), a city of Pannonia, he beleaguered it and began to plunder its territory. When the Goths learned this, they abandoned the expedition they had planned against the Sadagis and turned upon the Huns and drove them so ingloriously from their own land that those who remained have been in dread of the arms of the Goths from that time down to the present day."[22] Dengizich, Atilla's Son; Icon of the Mother of God Ã¢Â€ÂœJerusalemÃ¢Â€ÂÂÂÂ, Commemorated on October 12;

Serbia, 500-1459, Folder, Slavic Serbia, Kingdom and Empire, Orthodox

Serbia, 800, 9th-11th Century Folder, Before Christianization

Serbia, 500-1100, Slavic Serbia, White (unbaptised) Serbs
Serbia, 500-1100, Slavic Serbia, White (unbaptised) Serbs; Saint Clement, Bishop of Ochrid, Enlightener of the Bulgarians, Commemorated on November 25;

Serbia, 1000, 11th Century Folder, Prince John-Vladimir, married to d of Bulgarian Tsar

Serbia, 1000-1016, Prince, John-Vladimir, Serbian Prince murdered by John-Vladislav, married to d of Bulgarian Tsar
Bulgaria, 1000-1016, Prince, John-Vladimir, Serbian Prince murdered by John-Vladislav; Vladimir or John Vladimir ([a] c. 990 - 22 May 1016) was the ruler of Duklja, the most powerful Serbian principality of the time,[1] from around 1000 to 1016. ruled during the protracted war between the Byzantine Empire and the Bulgarian Empire. Vladimir was acknowledged as a pious, just, and peaceful ruler. He is recognized as a martyr and saint, with his feast day being celebrated on 22 May.[b] Vladimir had a close relationship with Byzantium but this did not save Duklja from the expansionist Tsar Samuel of Bulgaria, who conquered the principality around 1010 and took Vladimir prisoner. medieval chronicle asserts that Samuel's daughter, Theodora Kosara, fell in love with Vladimir and begged her father for his hand. The tsar allowed the marriage and returned Duklja to Vladimir, who ruled as his vassal. Vladimir took no part in his father-in-law's war efforts. The warfare culminated with Tsar Samuel's defeat by the Byzantines in 1014 and death soon after. 1016, Vladimir fell victim to a plot by Ivan Vladislav, the last ruler of the First Bulgarian Empire. He was beheaded in front of a church in Prespa, the empire's capital, and was buried there. was soon recognized as a martyr and saint. His widow, Kosara, reburied him in the Precista Krajinska Church, near his court in southeastern Duklja. 1381, his remains were preserved in the Church of St Jovan Vladimir near Elbasan, and since 1995 they have been kept in the Orthodox cathedral of Tirana, Albania. saint's remains are considered Christian relics, and attract many believers, especially on his feast day, when the relics are taken to the church near Elbasan for a celebration. cross Vladimir held when he was beheaded is also regarded as a relic. Traditionally under the care of the Andrović family from the village of Velji Mikulići in southeastern Montenegro, the cross is only shown to believers on the Feast of Pentecost, when it is carried in a procession to the summit of Mount Rumija. Vladimir is regarded as the first Serbian saint and the patron saint of the town of Bar in Montenegro. earliest, lost hagiography was probably written sometime between 1075 and 1089; a shortened version, written in Latin, is preserved in the Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja. His hagiographies in Greek and Church Slavonic were first published, respectively, in 1690 and 1802. The saint is classically depicted in icons as a monarch wearing a crown and regal clothes, with a cross in his right hand and his own head in his left hand. He is fabled to have carried his severed head to his place of burial. Bulgaria, 1015-1018, Tsar, John-Vladislav; Vladislav ruled as emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria from August or September 1015 to February 1018. The year of his birth is unknown; he was born at least a decade before 987, but probably not much earlier than that. from death by his cousin Gavril Radomir, the Bulgarian Emperor, in 976, Ivan Vladislav murdered him in October 1015 and seized the Bulgarian throne. to the desperate situation of the country following the decades-long war with the Byzantine Empire, and in an attempt to consolidate his position, he tried to negotiate truce with the Byzantine emperor Basil II. the failure of the negotiations he continued the resistance, attempting unsuccessfully to push the Byzantines back. During his period of rule, Ivan Vladislav tried to strengthen the Bulgarian army, reconstructed many Bulgarian fortresses and even carried out a counter-offensive, but he died at the Battle of Dyrrhachium in 1018. his death his widow, Empress Maria, the Patriarch and most of the nobility finally surrendered to Basil II, who soon suppressed the last remnants of resistance and brought about the end of the First Bulgarian Empire. Vladislav left a mixed heritage, varying from a reputation of being a ruthless murderer to a hero defending his country as well as he could. The descendants of Ivan Vladislav entered the Byzantine nobility and rose to the highest ranks of the hierarchy. women of his family became empresses of the Byzantine Empire and others became military commanders or high-ranking officials. He was an ancestor of the Byzantine emperor John II Komnenos. Bulgarian Tsar, 997-1014, Samuel of Bulgaria; St John-Vladimir the Prince of Bulgaria, the Greatmartyr and Miracle-worker, Commemorated on May 22; Holy Martyr John-Vladimir, a Serbian prince, was born in the tenth century. From his childhood he was raised in piety, and at maturity he wisely governed his holdings Illyria and Dalmatia, preserving the holy Faith in purity. noble prince was married to Kosara, a daughter of the Bulgarian Tsar Samuel. Summoned for talks with the Bulgarian Tsar John-Vladislav, he was treacherously murdered by the Tsar on May 22, 1015, at the entrance to a church. Kosara, the pious spouse of the holy prince, entered a women’s monastery that she built, and where also she died, not leaving the church until the very end of her life. The relics of the holy prince are located near Elbosan.

Serbia, 1100, 12th Century Folder, Prince Stefan Nemanja, King Stefan Nemanjic, Hilandar Mt. Athos

Serbia, 1166-1196, Prince and Saint, S Nemanja, Empire, Church, Hilandar, Myrrh
Serbian Prince and Saint, 1166-1196, Stefan Nemanja ; Nemanja (ca 1113 - 13 February 1199) was the Grand Prince of the Serbian Grand Principality from 1166 to 1196. member of the Vukanović dynasty, Nemanja founded the Nemanjić dynasty, is remembered for his contributions to Serbian culture and history, founding what would evolve into the Serbian Empire, as well as the national church. to the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Nemanja is also among the most remarkable Serbs for his literary contributions and altruistic attributes.[1] 1196, after three decades of warfare and negotiations which consolidated Serbia while distinguishing it from both Western and Byzantine spheres of influence, Nemanja abdicated in favor of his middle son Stefan Nemanjić, who became the first King of Serbia. ultimately went to Mount Athos, where he became a monk and took the name of Symeon, joining his youngest son (later known as Saint Sava), who had already become the first archbishop of the Serbian Orthodox Church. with his son Sava, Nemanja restored the Hilandar Monastery at Mount Athos from 1198–1199, and issued the "Charter of Hilandar". The monastery later became the cradle of the Serbian Orthodox Church. The Serbian Orthodox Church canonized Stefan Nemanja shortly after his death under the name Saint Simeon the Myrrh-streaming (Свети Симеон Мироточиви) after numerous miracles. Venerable Stephen (In Monasticism Simeon), the Myrrhgusher and Prince of Serbia, Commemorated on February 13; Venerable Anastasia of Serbia, Commemorated on June 21;

Serbia, 1166-1196, Queen and Saint, Anastasia of Serbia
Serbia, 1166-1196, Queen and Saint, Anastasia of Serbia ; Serbian Prince and Saint, 1166-1196, Stefan Nemanja ; Venerable Stephen (In Monasticism Simeon), the Myrrhgusher and Prince of Serbia, Commemorated on February 13; Venerable Anastasia of Serbia, Commemorated on June 21;

Serbia, 1196-1228, K S Nemanjic, the First-Crowned, son and brother
Serbian King, 1196-1228, Stefan Nemanjic, the First-Crowned; Nemanjic or Stefan the First-Crowned (around 1165-24 September 1228) was Grand Prince of Serbia from 1196, and the King of Serbia from 1217 until his death in 1228. was the first Rascian king, and through his promotion of the Serbian Grand Principality into a kingdom and helping his brother Saint Sava in establishing the Serbian Church, he is regarded one of the most important of the Nemanjic dynasty. Holy King Stephen of Serbia, Commemorated on September 24; Repose of St Arsenius the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on October 28; St Stephen Miliutin of Serbia, Commemorated on October 30; Icon of the Mother of God the œMilkgiver, Commemorated on January 12; St Sava I, First Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on January 12; St Maximus the New, Commemorated on January 18; Venerable Stephen (In Monasticism Simeon), the Myrrhgusher and Prince of Serbia, Commemorated on February 13; Venerable Anastasia of Serbia, Commemorated on June 21;

Serbia, 1198, Founding of Hilandar monastery, Mt Athos (Serbian and Bulgarian)
Hilandar monastery; Icon of the Mother of God "of the Three Hands" on Mt Athos; Icon of the Mother of God the "Milk-Giver" of the Hilandar Monastery on Mt. Athos, Commemorated July 3 ; Icon of the Mother of God "œof the Three Hands" on Mt Athos, Commemorated on July 12 ; Icon of the Mother of God of Damascus, Commemorated on December 4 ; St Daniel II the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated December 20 ; St Sava I, First Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated January 12 ; Icon of the Mother of God of the Akathist, Commemorated January 12 ; Icon of the Mother of God the "œMilkgiver", Commemorated on January 12 ; Icon of the Mother of God, the "Priestly", Commemorated January 12 ; Hieromartyr Damascene of Hilandar of Mt Athos, Commemorated January 16 ; Venerable Stephen (In Monasticism Simeon), the Myrrhgusher and Prince of Serbia, Commemorated on February 13 ; Venerable Damian of Esphigmenou of Mt Athos, Commemorated February 23 ; Translation of the relics of St Nicephorus the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on March 13 ; Icon of the Mother of God "œof the Akathist", Commemorated on March 27; New Martyr Acacius the Martyr of Mt Athos and Seres, Commemorated on May 1; Prophet Isaiah, Commemorated on May 9 ; St Nicodemus the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on May 11 ; Venerable Paisius of Hilandar, Bulgaria, Commemorated on June 19; Icon of the Mother of God of "œthe Three Hands", Commemorated on June 28; Icon of the Mother of God the "œMilk-Giver" of the Hilandar Monastery on Mt. Athos, Commemorated on July 3;

Serbia, 1200, 13th Century Folder, Serbian Kingdom, St Sava

Serbia, 1204, Sack of Constantinople by the Fourth Crusade, led to Serbian Kingdom and Empire
Constantinople, 1204, Sack of Constantinople by the Fourth Crusade Byzantine Emperor, 1205-1215, Michael I Komnenos Doukas; Greatmartyr Marina (Margaret) of Antioch in Pisidia, Commemorated on July 17; Translation of the relics of St Hilarion the Bishop of Meglin in Bulgaria, Commemorated on October 21;

Serbia, 1204-1261, Latin Empire Constantinople, Crusader State
Constantinople, 1204-1261, Latin Empire, Crusader State; The Latin Empire, also referred to as the Latin Empire of Constantinople, was a feudal Crusader state founded by the leaders of the Fourth Crusade on lands captured from the Byzantine Empire. The Latin Empire was intended to replace the Byzantine Empire as the Western-recognized Roman Empire in the east, with a Catholic emperor enthroned in place of the Eastern Orthodox Roman emperors. The Fourth Crusade had originally been called to retake the Muslim-controlled city of Jerusalem but a sequence of economic and political events culminated in the Crusader army sacking the city of Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire. Originally, the plan had been to restore the deposed Byzantine Emperor Isaac II Angelos, who had been usurped by Alexios III Angelos, to the throne. The crusaders had been promised financial and military aid by Isaac's son Alexios, with which they had planned to continue to Jerusalem. When the crusaders reached Constantinople the situation quickly turned volatile and while Isaac and Alexios briefly ruled, the crusaders did not receive the payment they had hoped for. In April 1204, they captured and plundered the city's enormous wealth. The crusaders selected their own emperor from among their own ranks, Baldwin of Flanders, and divided the territory of the Byzantine Empire into various new vassal crusader states. The Latin Empire's authority was immediately challenged by Byzantine rump states led by the Laskaris family (connected to the Angelos dynasty of 1185-“1204) in Nicaea and the Komnenos family (which had ruled as Byzantine Emperors 1081-“1185) in Trebizond. From 1224 to 1242 the Komnenos Doukas family, also connected to the Angeloi, challenged Latin authority from Thessalonica. The Latin Empire failed to attain political or economic dominance over the other Latin powers that had been established in former Byzantine territories in the wake of the Fourth Crusade, especially Venice, and after a short initial period of military successes it went into a steady decline due to constant war with Bulgaria to the north and the various Byzantine claimants. Eventually, the Nicaean Empire recovered Constantinople and restored the Byzantine Empire under Michael VIII Palaiologos in 1261. The last Latin emperor, Baldwin II, went into exile, but the imperial title survived, with several pretenders to it, until the 14th century. Like the term "Byzantine Empire", "Latin Empire" was not a contemporary term used by the empire itself or the rest of the world. The Byzantines referred to the Latin Empire as the Frankokratia and the Latin Emperors themselves referred to the empire by various names, commonly imperium Constantinopolitanum (lit. Empire of Constantinople), but also imperium Romaniae (lit. Empire of Romania) and imperium Romanorum (lit. Empire of the Romans). The term Romania ("Land of the Romans") had been used unofficially by the population of the Byzantine Empire for their country for centuries.

Serbia, 1205-1479, Serbia with Despotate of Epirus, against Latin Empire of Constantinople
Greece, 1205-1479, Despotate of Epirus, against Latin Empire of Constantinople; Saint Philothea of Thrace, Protectress of Romania, Commemorated on December 7

Serbia, 1217-1346, Serbian Kingdom
Serbia, 1217-1346, Serbian Kingdom ; St Nicodemus the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on May 11;

Serbia, 1219-1235, Saint Sava I, Metropolitan of Zica, Son of Nemanja, Hilandar, Law, Constttn
Serbian Saint, 1219-1235, Saint Sava, Metropolitan of Zica; Sava (1174 -14 January 1236), known as the Enlightener, was a Serbian prince and Orthodox monk, the first Archbishop of the autocephalous Serbian Church, the founder of Serbian law, and a diplomat. Sava, born as Rastko, was the youngest son of Serbian Grand Prince Stefan Nemanja (founder of the Nemanjić dynasty), and ruled the appanage of Hum briefly in 1190–92. then left for Mount Athos, where he became a monk with the name Sava (Sabbas). Athos he established the monastery of Hilandar, which became one of the most important cultural and religious centres of the Serbian people. In 1219 the Patriarchate exiled in Nicea recognized him as the first Serbian Archbishop, and in the same year he authored the oldest known constitution of Serbia, the Zakonopravilo nomocanon, thus securing full independence; both religious and political. Sava is regarded as the founder of Serbian medieval literature.[6][7][8] is widely considered as one of the most important figures of Serbian history. Saint Sava is venerated by the Serbian Orthodox Church as its founder on January 27 [O.S. January 14]. Many artistic works from the Middle Ages to modern times have interpreted his career. He is the patron saint of Serbia, Serbs, and Serbian education. The Church of Saint Sava in Belgrade is dedicated to him, built where the Ottomans burnt his remains in 1594 during an uprising in which the Serbs used icons of Sava as their war flags; the church is one of the largest church buildings in the world. St Sava I, Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on August 30 ; Repose of St Arsenius the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on October 28; Icon of the Mother of God the "œMilkgiver", Commemorated on January 12; St Sava I, First Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on January 12; Venerable Stephen (In Monasticism Simeon), the Myrrhgusher and Prince of Serbia, Commemorated on February 13; Icon of the Mother of God the "œMilk-Giver" of the Hilandar Monastery on Mt. Athos, Commemorated on July 3 ;

Serbia, 1221-1271, Serbian Saint, Sava II, Archbishop of Serbia
Serbian Saint, 1221-1271, Sava II, Archbishop of Serbia; Sava II (1201–1271) was the third archbishop of the Serbian Orthodox Church, serving from 1263 until his death in 1271. He was the middle son of King Stefan the First-Crowned of the Nemanjić dynasty and his Byzantine wife Eudokia Angelina. He had two brothers, Stefan Radoslav and Stefan Vladislav, and a sister, Komnena. Predislav took the monastic name of Sava, after his uncle, Saint Sava, the first Serbian archbishop. The Serbian Orthodox Church celebrates him as a saint and his feast-day is 21 February. as Predislav in c. 1198, he was the middle son of King Stefan the First-Crowned and Eudokia Angelina. He had brothers Stefan Radoslav (b. 1192), Stefan Vladislav (b. 1198), and half-brother Stefan Uroš I (b. 1223). He also had two sisters, Komnena being the only one whose name is known. Stefan the First-Crowned, who had become ill, took monastic vows and died in 1227.[1] Radoslav who was the eldest son succeeded as King, crowned at Zica by Archbishop Sava,[1] his uncle. The younger sons, Vladislav and Uroš I, received appanages.[1] Sava II (Predislav) was appointed bishop of Hum shortly thereafter, later serving as archbishop of Serbia (1263-1270).[1] The Church and state was thus dominated by the same family and the ties between the two as well as the family's role within the Church continued.[2] Serbian King, 1243-1276, Stefan Uros I of Serbia; Repose of St Arsenius the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on October 28; St Stephen Miliutin of Serbia, Commemorated on October 30; Venerable Simon the Myrrh-gusher of Mt Athos, Commemorated on December 28; St Sava II the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on February 8; Icon of the Mother of God “Of the Three Hands”, Commemorated on June 28; Icon of the Mother of God, “Of the Three Hands”: In the eighth century during the time of the Iconoclasts, Saint John of Damascus (December 4) was zealous in his veneration of holy icons. Because of this, he was slandered by the emperor and iconoclast Leo III the Isaurian (717-740), who informed the Damascus caliph that Saint John was committing treasonous acts against him. The caliph gave orders to cut off the hand of the monk and take it to the marketplace. Towards evening Saint John, having asked the caliph for the cut-off hand, put it to its joint and fell to the ground before the icon of the Mother of God. The monk begged Our Lady to heal the hand, which had written in defense of Orthodoxy. After long prayer he fell asleep and saw in a dream that the All-Pure Mother of God had turned to him promising him quick healing. this the Mother of God bid him toil without fail with this hand. Having awakened from sleep, Saint John saw that his hand was unharmed. In thankfulness for this healing Saint John placed on the icon a hand fashioned of silver, from which the icon received its name “Of Three Hands.” (Some iconographers, in their ignorance, have mistakenly depicted the Most Holy Theotokos with three arms and three hands.) According to Tradition, Saint John wrote a hymn of thanksgiving to the Mother of God: “All of creation rejoices in You, O Full of Grace,” which appears in place of the hymn “It is Truly Meet” in the Liturgy of Saint Basil the Great. John Damascene accepted monasticism at the monastery of Saint Savva the Sanctified and there bestowed his wonderworking icon. The Lavra presented the icon “Of Three Hands” in blessing to Saint Savva, Archbishop of Serbia (+ 1237, January 12). During the time of an invasion of Serbia by the Turks, some Christians who wanted to protect the icon, entrusted it to the safekeeping of the Mother of God Herself. They placed it upon a donkey, which without a driver proceeded to Athos and stopped in front of the Hilandar monastery. The monks put the icon in the monastery’s cathedral church (katholikon). During a time of discord over the choice of igumen, the Mother of God deigned to head the monastery Herself, and from that time Her holy icon has occupied the igumen’s place in the temple. At the Hilandar monastery there is chosen only a vicar, and from the holy icon the monks take a blessing for every obedience. Greek usage, this Icon is commemorated on June 28; but on July 12 in Slavic usage.

Serbia, 1224-1246, Empire of Thessalonica, r by Komnenos Doukas d of Epirus, v Crusader Latin Empire of C
Greece, 1224-1246, Empire of Thessalonica; Empire of Thessalonica is a historiographic term used by some modern scholars[1] to refer to the short-lived Byzantine Greek state centred on the city of Thessalonica between 1224 and 1246 (sensu stricto until 1242) and ruled by the Komnenodoukas dynasty of Epirus. At the time of its establishment, the Empire of Thessalonica, under the capable Theodore Komnenos Doukas, rivaled the Empire of Nicaea and the Second Bulgarian Empire as the strongest state in the region, and aspired to capturing Constantinople, putting an end to the Latin Empire, and restoring the Byzantine Empire that had been extinguished in 1204. ----------------------------------------------------------- Thessalonica's ascendancy was brief, ending with the disastrous Battle of Klokotnitsa against Bulgaria in 1230, where Theodore Komnenos Doukas was captured. Reduced to a Bulgarian vassal, Theodore's brother and successor Manuel Komnenos Doukas was unable to prevent the loss of most of his brother's conquests in Macedonia and Thrace, while the original nucleus of the state, Epirus, broke free under Michael II Komnenos Doukas. Theodore recovered Thessalonica in 1237, installing his son John Komnenos Doukas, and after him Demetrios Angelos Doukas, as rulers of the city, while Manuel, with Nicaean support, seized Thessaly. The rulers of Thessalonica bore the imperial title from 1225/7 until 1242, when they were forced to renounce it and recognize the suzerainty of the rival Empire of Nicaea. The Komnenodoukai continued to rule as Despots of Thessalonica for four more years after that, but in 1246 the city was annexed by Nicaea. Greece, 1224-1230, Empire of Thessalonica, Theodore Komnenos Doukas ; Saint Philothea of Thrace, Protectress of Romania, Commemorated on December 7

Serbia, 1228-1233, King, Stefan Radoslav of Serbia, w Epirus Ruler against Crusaders' Latin Empire of C
Serbian King, 1228-1233, Stefan Radoslav of Serbia; Stefan Radoslav was the King of Serbia from 1228 to 1233. was the only known son of Stefan Nemanjic (r. 1196-“1228) by his first wife Eudokia Angelina.[1] His maternal grandparents were the Byzantine Emperor Alexios III Angelos (r. 1195-“1203) and Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamaterina.[2] He reportedly had two unnamed sisters, the first of whom married first the Albanian prince Dhimit Progoni and secondly the Greco-Albanian lord Gregorios Kamonas, while the second married the sebastokrator Alexander Asen,[1] whom George Acropolites identifies as a son of Tsar Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria (r. 1189-“96). It is uncertain if his mother was Maria or Helena, respectively the first and second wife of Ivan Asen I. Alexander was the father of Kaliman II of Bulgaria (r. 1256).[3] to the historian John Van Antwerp Fine, Jr., Eudokia was repudiated on grounds of adultery in c. 1200-“01. Fine summarizes a passage of Niketas Choniates to state "She left on foot with only the clothes on her back". Eudokia sought refuge with her brother-in-law Vukan Nemanjic, Prince of Zeta. Vukan provided her with hospitality for a while and then arranged for her transportation to Durras, where she boarded a Byzantine ship heading for Constantinople and returned safely to her father.[4] This indicates Stefan Radoslav was born either in the 1190s or the early 1200s (decade).[1] considers the treatment of Eudokia to be an indication of a decline in the prestige the Byzantine Empire held at the time. The senior Stefan was evidently unafraid of a military confrontation with his former father-in-law which could have occurred in retaliation for his actions. The alliance with the Empire had apparently outlived its use to the Serbian rulers. Stefan Nemanjic had ongoing border disputes with both Vukan Nemanjic and Emeric of Hungary, though outright war had not started yet. The Byzantines had failed to provide him with any military support and Stefan had apparently despaired of any help arriving from that direction. At the same time the senior Stefan was negotiating submitting himself and his subjects to the Roman Catholic Church in exchange for Pope Innocent III declaring him a King. He had reasons to distance himself from the Byzantines and the Eastern Orthodox Church associated with them.[4] father was later remarried to Anna Dandolo.[1] She was a daughter of Ranier Dandolo and granddaughter of Enrico Dandolo, Doge of Venice.[5] Stefan Radoslav had three paternal half-brothers from this marriage. They were Serbian Archbishop Saint Sava II, Stefan Vladislav and Stefan Uros I.[1] His mother would proceed to marry secondly to Alexios V Doukas and thirdly to Leo Sgouros, ruler of Nafplion. However, there were no known children by either marriage. Stefan Radoslav consequently had no maternal half-siblings.[6] of Zachlumia[edit] Visoki Deani to "The Realm of the Slavs" (1601) by Mavro Orbin, Stefan Radoslav served as ruler of Zachlumia during the reign of his father. However the sources Orbin used for his history of Zachlumia are not identified by name. They are considered lost and Orbin remains our earliest extant source for several of the events mentioned. to it Miroslav, the Great was succeeded by his son Andrew (Andrija), only ten-years-old. ----------------------------------------Missing from the text is Toljen, a son of Miroslav who was mentioned as heir apparent in other sources. With Andrew being underage, the local nobility proceeded to depose him. They offered the crown to Peter (Petar), whose relation to his predecessors is not mentioned by Orbin. Fine notes that later scholars tend to assume Peter was another son of Miroslav and brother or half-brother to Andrew. Some time later, the cause of the exiled Andrew was taken up by Stefan Nemanjic who invated Zachlumia. Peter was forced to retreat to the areas west and north of the river Neretva. The rest of Zachlumia fell into the control of Nemanjic. Fine points that the areas supposedly held by Peter would not be uncontested. They are known from other sources to have been claimed by Andrew, Duke of Croatia and Dalmatia since 1198. Orbin next claims that Nemanjic divided Zachlumia between his cousin Andrew, son of Miroslav and his own son, Radolslav. Andrew was given control of Popovo and coastal Hum. The mainland was granted to Radoslav. Orbin then claims that Radoslav died and Nemanjic granted his area to Andrew. Fine points that Radoslav could not have predeceased his father. We know from other sources that he went on to succeed him. Nemanjic could have simply removed him for his position of authority for reasons lost to us. Orbin continues his account but Radoslav is not mentioned again.[7] points that the reliability of the above account is at times difficult to determine because the lack of further sources. There are some obvious inaccuracies at times but the basics of the story could be true. A succession crisis in Zachlumia with the existence of rival heirs would be quite plausible. Nemanjic would have reason to get involved. His ongoing rivalry with his brother in the late 1190s would require him to secure control over Zachlumia, in order to prevent Vukan from claiming control for himself. However his activities in the area are otherwise unrecorded. His motivation for backing Andrew against Peter is also unclear. Either of the two could serve as rulers of a puppet state. Installing Radoslav as ruler of eastern Zachlumia would be a way to secure tighter control of the region.[8] does not actually provide dates for the events of his account. Fine proceeds to estimate them, based on sources recording other events in the wider region. He estimates the death of Miroslav to 1198. Explaining why Andrew of Croatia and Dalmatia chose that year to attack. He acquired control over areas of Zachlumia northwest of the Neretva. By 1203, this Andrew was involved in conflict with his own brother, Emeric of Hungary. The ongoing conflict would allow Peter to claim the areas northwest of the Neretva for himself. He could have either taken advantage of Andrew's troops already withdrawing or using his own forces to drive them out. Either way, Andrew could probably not afford maintaining two fronts of war at the same time. Securing the area as his powerbase, Peter could then drive his brother from eastern Zachlumia. The amount of time between the time Andrew of Zachlumia went into exile and the decision of Nemanjic to intervene is left unclear in the account by Orbin. Fine suggests it could have been more than a decade. He suggests it could be as late as 1216, just a year before Nemanjic was declared a King by Pope Honorius III. Nemanjic could by then devote his forces to securing eastern Zachlumia for Andrew, his intended puppet ruler. He could then attempt to secure even tighter control by appointing Radoslav in the areas directly bordering Ra¡ka. The area could have stayed under his control for longer than Orbin indicates. Fine points that Andrew seems to have "disappeared from the scene" by 1218 when Peter is recorded to have taken over the coastal areas. There seems to be no indication of Peter extending his control to the areas supposedly ruled by Radoslav.[9] and deposition[edit] of Stefan Radoslav elsewhere mentions Radoslav acting as governor of the Principality of Zeta for part the reign of his father. In a charter variously dated to 1222 or 1228, Radoslav appears as co-founder of the monastery of Zeta with his father.[10] Stefan the First-Crowned, who had become ill, took monastic vows and died in 1227.[11] Radoslav who was the eldest son succeeded as King, crowned at Å½iÄÂÂa by Archbishop Sava, his uncle.[11] The younger sons, Vladislav and UroÅ¡ I, received appanages.[11] The youngest of the brothers, Sava II, was appointed Bishop of Hum shortly thereafter, later serving as Archbishop of Serbia (1263-1270).[11] The Church and state were thus dominated by the same family and the ties between the two as well as the family's role within the Church continued.[12] According to biographer and monk Theodosius, Radoslav was a good ruler at first, but then fell under the influence of his wife, who was the daughter of the ruler of Epirus and Thessalonica, Theodore Komnenos Doukas (r. 1215–1230).[12] Radoslav was most likely not beloved by the Serbian nobility due to this Greek influence.[13] Radoslav used his Greek name, Stephanos Doukas, on his coinage, in several Greek documents and even once in his signature.[14] Radoslav was probably safe from domestic rebellion as long as his father-in-law Theodore remained strong.[12][13] In 1230, however, Theodore was defeated and captured by Bulgarian Emperor Ivan Asen II, after which Radoslav's position seems to have weakened; some of his nobility revolted in autumn 1233.[12] Theodosius said that the nobility had left the support of Radoslav and stood itself behind the younger Vladislav.[15] Radoslav fled the country between 1 September 1233 and 4 February 1234, and was unable to regain the kingdom, but eventually returned as a monk.[12] Radoslav fled to Dubrovnik (1233) with his wife, and there are indications that Radoslav had organized some actions against Vladislav and that he thought that he would manage to return to the throne - this is evident from an dated 4 February 1234, regarding a promise to Ragusan trading privileges once he had returned to Serbia.[15] Because of this, Vladislav began threatening Ragusa, which then had to turn to Bosnian Ban Ninoslav for help, and as the action against Vladislav was unsuccessful, Radoslav found refuge with the Epirote ruler Michael II Komnenos Doukas in Dyrrhachium.[15] According to Theodosius, Radoslav's wife Anna had left him for a commander of the fortress, a Frank.[15] However, this account has been proven to be false,[16] as there was no Frankish commander in Dyrrachium in Radoslav's time.[16] After some time, Radoslav and his wife returned together to Serbia and took monastic vows.[15][16] Radoslav and Anna are believed to have had a son during their exile, the veliki kaznac Jovan Dragoslav (fl. 1290–1315). His parentage has not been fully confirmed. Vladislav was crowned King upon Radoslav's flight.[15] Vladislav married the daughter of Ivan Asen II,[12] much thanks to Sava.[15] Sava then abdicated in favour of his apprentice Arsenije in the end of 1233.[12][15] Sava died while heading home from a Holy Land trip, while visiting the Bulgarian court in 1235, and was respectfully buried at the Holy Forty Martyrs Church in Tarnovo.[12][15] Sava's body was returned to Serbia after a series of requests,[12] and was then buried in the MileÅ¡eva monastery, built by Vladislav in 1234.[12][15] Sava was canonized and his relics were miraculous; his cult remained important throughout the Middle Ages and the Ottoman occupation.[12] Radoslav added a narthex to the church in the Studenica Monastery According to Fine both Radoslav and Anna retired into monastic life following their deposition. His monastic name was Jovan. The time and circumstances of his death are unknown.[10] The relations between Vladislav and Radoslav after he had returned and became a monk are not fully known, but he did not disturb his brother. There is a hypothesis that Radoslav even received a part of Serbian land to administrate. In any case, Radoslav continued the rest of his life in peace.[15] The Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten (1978) by Detlev Schwennicke, reports Radoslav betrothed to Theodora Komnene c. 1217. She was a daughter of Michael I Komnenos Doukas, ruler of Epirus. Both of his wives were members of the Melissenos family. Uncertain which of the two was her mother. Fine indicates Radoslav would instead marry her first cousin Anna Doukaina Angelina in 1219/1220. She was a daughter of Theodore Komnenos Doukas and Maria Petraliphaina. The Europäische Stammtafeln reports the marriage resulting in the birth of a single child. The name is not listed and Charles Cawley, a modern genealogist, has been unable to find primary sources on the existence of the child.[17] Icon of the Mother of God the Ã¢Â€ÂœMilkgiverÃ¢Â€ÂÂÂÂ, Commemorated on January 12; St Sava I, First Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on January 12;

Serbia, 1234-1243, King, Stefan Vladislav, energetic, reliable, hot tempered, w Epiris and Bulgaria, abdicated
Serbian King, 1234-1243, Stefan Vladislav of Serbia; Vladislav (Serbian Cyrillic:1198-“ after 1264) was the King of Serbia from 1234 to 1243. He was the middle son of Stefan the First-Crowned of the Nemanjia dynasty, who ruled Serbia from 1196 to 1228. the eldest son of Stefan the First-Crowned, was ousted by the Serbian nobility due to increasing Epirote influence through his marriage alliance to Theodore Komnenos Doukas; Vladislav was appointed as his successor. He is celebrated as Saint Vladislav by the Serbian Orthodox Church. Vladislav's reign, his uncle Archbishop Sava went on a pilgrimage and died in Bulgaria while on his way home. Vladislav obtained the remains and buried them in the Mileaeva monastery, which he had built intended to be his burial place. was politically aligned with Bulgaria at the time, since Vladislav was married to Beloslava, the daughter of Ivan Asen II. Vladislav secured Hum, a maritime province under attack by Hungarian crusaders. the death of Ivan Asen II, there was unrest in Serbia. The Mongols, led by Kadan, invaded Hungary and devastated the Balkans, at which time the Serbian nobility rose up against Vladislav. In 1243, he abdicated in favour of his younger brother, but remained the ruler of Zeta. was described as very energetic, reliable, and hot-tempered. The Serbian Orthodox Church venerates him as a saint on September 24 [O.S. October 7]. Translation of the relics of the Venerable John of Rila from Trnovo to Rila, Commemorated on July 1; Translation of the relics of Venerable St John the Abbot of Rila in Bulgaria, Commemorated on October 19; Repose of St Arsenius the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on October 28; St Sava I, First Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on January 12;

Serbia, 1243-1276, King, Stefan Uros I, Venetian wife, nobility, trade, military, mines, lit, unity, but Dragutin
Serbian King, 1243-1276, Stefan Uros I of Serbia; Uroš I (Serbian Cyrillic: Стефан Урош I; c. 1223 – May 1, 1277), known as Uroš the Great (Урош Велики)[a] was the King of Serbia from 1243 to 1276, succeeding his brother Stefan Vladislav. He was one of the most important rulers in Serbian history.[1] life[edit] Uroš was the youngest son of Stefan the First-Crowned and Anna, the granddaughter of Enrico Dandolo, Doge of Venice. Uroš inherited many personality traits from his mother and paternal grandfather Stefan Nemanja, who raised him along with his two older brothers (Stefan Radoslav and Stefan Vladislav).[1] (Note that "Stefan" is a high-ranking title, not only a name). have argued that Bulgarian influence had been strong and unpopular, causing opposition that led to Vladislav's deposition after the death of Asen.[2] The revolting nobility had chosen Uroš as their candidate for king; from 1242 to spring 1243, a war for the throne was fought, which ended with Vladislav being forced to give up the crown in favour of Uroš.[3] It seems that Uroš quickly captured Vladislav and held him in prison. The main resistance against Uroš was led by Vladislav's wife, Beloslava.[3] The hostilities did not last long, and the brothers quickly settled.[3] Uroš was courteous towards Vladislav, gave him the administration of Zeta, and allowed him to use the title of "king".[3] It is not known exactly why the nobility revolted against Vladislav, nor are the details of the conflict between the two brothers.[3] 25 years of age, very young, he took the throne from his brother Vladislav, and despite not having support from in-laws as was the case with his brothers, he immediately ruled energetic and determined.[1] Prior to his accession, the land had been looted by the Tatars and there were widespread internal conflicts;[1] Uroš managed in a short time to resolve all important issues in the state and in its foreign policy.[4] situation in Europe and in the Balkans were quite favorable for Serbia, which he very cleverly used for his benefit. During his reign Serbia significantly strengthened itself and progressed in every way.[4] Uroš correctly determined the direction in political pretensions through penetrating the south in Macedonia and conflict with Hungary in Podunavlje.[4] The land was politically and militarily prepared for serious politics and definitive fortification of Serbia and the Serb people in the Vardar valley and the middle Podunavlje.[4] Apart from this, Uroš also correctly determined the direction of Serbian trade politics, as he on several occasions in his fight against the Republic of Ragusa wanted to eliminate Ragusan brokerage and exploitation in his state.[4] significance in his domestic politics is that he strongly stressed the state principle above all else, and subordinated the churches (both Orthodox and Catholic) to state interests.[4] He was instrumental in the definite solution to the conflict between the archbishoprics of Bar and Dubrovnik regarding power in Serbia, resolved in favour of Bar.[4] š was the first to begin exploiting the mines, which would later become one of the main sources of material wealth and power of the Serbian state in the Middle Ages. As a first result of the opening of mines came the forging of Serbian coins, which he first minted on the Venetian model.[4] protected and assisted literature and writers; i.e. gave impetus to the preparation of a new, more comprehensive and ornate biography of his grandfather Nemanja, whom he fully modeled himself after.[4] to Helen of the French royal family, he lived a modest patriarchal life, happy and content within his family, and he in contrast to the splendor of the Byzantine court, proudly emphasized modesty to the Byzantine deputies, which dominated at his court, where everyone had to work.[4] foreign policy Uroš skillfully used to his advantage the conflict between the Despotate of Epirus and the Empire of Nicaea, two Greek states, both of which sought to inherit the Byzantine Empire and take Constantinople from the Latin Empire.[4] But when the Latin Empire fell, and Emperor Michael Palaiologos of Nicaea took Constantinople, Uroš began to coalite with his wife's cousin, Charles of Anjou, who wanted to recapture Constantinople, and through that alliance take as much Byzantine land as possible.[4] Via Charles, who had family ties with the Hungarian kings, Uroš at the end of his reign also approached Hungary, with whom he long had been in a bad relation with, and married his eldest son and heir, Stefan Dragutin, to Catherine, the daughter of Hungarian King Stephen V.[4] by his in-laws, with the help of the army he received from Hungary, Dragutin, unhappy with not getting more participation in the government, revolted and defeated his father and took over the throne.[4] Uroš retired with his loyals to Hum, where, disappointed, dissatisfied and angry, he died soon thereafter.[4] development[edit] Stefan Uroš I, Serbia became a significant power in the Balkans, partly due to economic development through opening of mines.[5] The mines were developed by the "Sasi" (Saxons), who were experienced in the extracting of ore.[5] Their settlements, located by the mines, had privileged status – they lived under their own laws and were allowed to adhere to Catholicism and build their churches.[5] Important mines were located at Novo Brdo, Brskovo and Rudnik. prosperity was also fostered by the related intensification of trade with the Dalmatian cities of Dubrovnik and Kotor. The increase in the mining of silver and in trade naturally led to the introduction of larger quantities of royal coinage, modeled after the Venetian standard. operations[edit] with Ragusa[edit] 1252–1253, Uroš I was at war with the Republic of Ragusa, which bordered the Hum, which was held by his kinsman Radoslav Andrijić. Radoslav swore to fight Ragusa as long as it was in conflict with Serbia, at the same time boasting relations with Béla IV of Hungary. Ragusa took up an alliance with Bulgaria. Peace was ensured in a charter dated May 22, 1254, and the crisis ended. the second half of the 1260s a new war broke out with Ragusa, which was secretly favored by the Serbian queen. A treaty was signed in 1268, specifying the amount of protection money that Dubrovnik was expected to supply annually to the Serbian king. The arrangement remained largely unbroken for the next century. with Hungary[edit] of Serbia in 1265. 1268 the Serbian king invaded the Hungarian possessions south of the Danube in Mačva, what is now western central Serbia. In spite of some initial success, Stefan Uroš was captured by the Hungarians and forced to purchase his release. A peace treaty was signed between the two kingdoms, and Stefan Uroš's son Stefan Dragutin of Serbia was married to Catherine, the daughter of the future king Stephen V of Hungary. with Dragutin[edit] the end of his reign, Stefan Uroš apparently succeeded in suppressing the autonomy of Zahumlje, where the local princes became virtually indistinguishable from the rest of the nobility. In his effort to achieve centralization, the king appears to have alienated his eldest son by refusing to grant him an appanage. The conflict between father and son exacerbated, and the king apparently considered making his younger son, the future Stefan Milutin, his heir. about the inheritance and his very life, Stefan Dragutin finally demanded the throne in 1276. When Stefan Uroš refused, Dragutin rebelled and received help from his Hungarian relatives. The allies defeated the Serbian king and Stefan Uroš was forced to abdicate and retire to an unidentified monastery in Hum where he died a year or two later. His remains were later moved to his monastic foundation of Sopoćani. Repose of St Arsenius the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on October 28; St Stephen Miliutin of Serbia, Commemorated on October 30; Venerable Simon the Myrrh-gusher of Mt Athos, Commemorated on December 28; St Sava II the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on February 8;

Serbia, 1256-1276, Saint Helen of Serbia, Helen of Anjou
Serbia, 1256-1276, Saint Helen of Serbia, Helen of Anjou; Serbian King, 1243-1276, Stefan Uros I of Serbia; Repose of St Arsenius the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on October 28; St Stephen Miliutin of Serbia, Commemorated on October 30; St Helen of Serbia, Commemorated on October 30; Venerable Simon the Myrrh-gusher of Mt Athos, Commemorated on December 28; St Sava II the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on February 8;

Serbia, 1263-1270, Serbian Saint, Sava II, Archbishop of Serbia
Serbian Saint, 1221-1271, Sava II, Archbishop of Serbia; Sava II (1201–1271) was the third archbishop of the Serbian Orthodox Church, serving from 1263 until his death in 1271. He was the middle son of King Stefan the First-Crowned of the Nemanjić dynasty and his Byzantine wife Eudokia Angelina. He had two brothers, Stefan Radoslav and Stefan Vladislav, and a sister, Komnena. Predislav took the monastic name of Sava, after his uncle, Saint Sava, the first Serbian archbishop. The Serbian Orthodox Church celebrates him as a saint and his feast-day is 21 February. as Predislav in c. 1198, he was the middle son of King Stefan the First-Crowned and Eudokia Angelina. He had brothers Stefan Radoslav (b. 1192), Stefan Vladislav (b. 1198), and half-brother Stefan Uroš I (b. 1223). He also had two sisters, Komnena being the only one whose name is known. Stefan the First-Crowned, who had become ill, took monastic vows and died in 1227.[1] Radoslav who was the eldest son succeeded as King, crowned at Zica by Archbishop Sava,[1] his uncle. The younger sons, Vladislav and Uroš I, received appanages.[1] Sava II (Predislav) was appointed bishop of Hum shortly thereafter, later serving as archbishop of Serbia (1263-1270).[1] The Church and state was thus dominated by the same family and the ties between the two as well as the family's role within the Church continued.[2] Serbian King, 1243-1276, Stefan Uros I of Serbia; Repose of St Arsenius the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on October 28; St Stephen Miliutin of Serbia, Commemorated on October 30; Venerable Simon the Myrrh-gusher of Mt Athos, Commemorated on December 28; St Sava II the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on February 8;

Serbia, 1276-1282, King, Stefan Dragutin, rebelled father with Hungarian and noblemen support, Belgrade
Serbian King, 1276-1282, Stefan Dragutin of Serbia; Dragutin (c. 1244 -12 March 1316) was King of Serbia from 1276 to 1282. 1282, he ruled a separate kingdom which included northern Serbia, and (from 1284) the neighboring Hungarian banates (or border provinces), for which he was unofficially styled "King of Syrmia". He was the eldest son of King Stefan Uros¡ I of Serbia and Helen of Anjou. Dragutin married Catherine of Hungary, likely after his father concluded a peace treaty with her grandfather, Bacla IV of Hungary, in 1268. By 1271, he received the title of "young king" in recognition of his right to succeed his father. He rebelled against his father, and with Hungarian assistance, forced him to abdicate in 1276. abandoned Uros I's centralizing policy and ceded large territories to his mother in appanage. After a riding accident, he abdicated in favor of his brother, Milutin, in 1282, but he retained the northern regions of Serbia along the Hungarian border. Two years later, his brother-in-law, Ladislaus IV of Hungary, granted him three banaesa Matva (or Sirmia ulterior), Usora and Solia him. He was the first Serbian monarch to rule Belgrade. With his brother's support, he also occupied the Banate of Branievo in 1284 or 1285. theory, Dragutin was a vassal both to his brother (for his Serbian territories), and to the Hungarian monarchs (for the four banates), but in practice he ruled his realm as an independent ruler from the 1290s. His conflicts with Milutin developed into open war in 1301, and he frequently raided the neighboring Hungarian lords from 1307. Most of the Serbian noblemen supported Dragutin, but he was forced to make peace with Milutin after Milutin's mercenaries routed him in 1311 or 1312. Before his death, he entered a monastery and died as the monk Teoktist. On the list of Serbian saints, Dragutin is venerated on 12 November or 30 October (Old Style and New Style dates). Serbian King, 1281-1321, Stefan Milutin; Serbian Kingdom, 1217-1346; St Helen of Serbia, Commemorated on October 30; St Stephen Miliutin of Serbia, Commemorated on October 30; Venerable Dragutin (Theoctistus in Monasticism) of Serbia, Commemorated on October 30; Venerable Simon the Myrrh-gusher of Mt Athos, Commemorated on December 28; St Nicodemus the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on May 11;

Serbia, 1281-1321, King Stefan Uros II Milutin, Resisted Byzantine Roman Catholicism
Serbian King, 1281-1321, Stefan Uros II Milutin; Uroš II Milutin (Serbian Cyrillic: Стефан Урош II Милутин; c. 1253 – 29 October 1321), known as Stefan Milutin (Стефан Милутин), was the King of Serbia between 1282–1321, a member of the Nemanjić dynasty. was one of the most powerful rulers of Serbia in the Middle Ages. Milutin is credited with strongly resisting the efforts of Byzantine Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos to impose Roman Catholicism on the Balkans after the Union of Lyons in 1274. his regin, Serbian economic power grew rapidly, mostly due to the development of mining. He founded Novo Brdo, which became an internationally important silver mining site. As most of the Nemanjić monarchs, he was proclaimed a saint by the Serbian Orthodox Church with a feast day on October 30.[1] Milutin appears in the Dante Alighieri's narrative poem Divine Comedy. Serbian Kingdom, 1217-1346; St Helen of Serbia, Commemorated on October 30; St Stephen Miliutin of Serbia, Commemorated on October 30; Venerable Dragutin (Theoctistus in Monasticism) of Serbia, Commemorated on October 30; St Daniel II the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on December 20; St Prochorus the Abbot in the Vranski Desert on the river Pshina in Bulgaria, Commemorated on January 15; St Nicodemus the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on May 11;

Serbia, 1300, 14th Century Folder, Serbian Empire, Battle of Kosovo Field

Serbia, 1324-1337, Archbishop Daniel II, biography writer, Hilandar Crusaders, Serbian arbitrator
Serbia, 1324-1337, Archbishop Daniel II ; II (Serbian Cyrillic: II) was the Archbishop of Serbs 1324 to 1337, under the rule of Kings Stephen Uro III (1321-“1331) and Duan the Mighty (1331-“1355, crowned Emperor in 1345). As a Serbian monk, he was also a chronicler, active in court and Church politics, holding the office during the zenith of the Nemanji- dynasty-era; he wrote many biographies which are considered part of the most notable medieval Serbian literature. He was proclaimed Saint Danilo II ( II) of the Serbian Orthodox Church, and is celebrated on the same day as Saint Ignatius of Antioch on 2 January [O.S. 20 December]. it was time to choose the igumen for the Hilandar monastery on Mount Athos, Saint Daniel received the appointment. The saint was igumen at a most difficult time for the Holy Mountain. After the Crusaders were expelled from Palestine, they joined with the Arabs to plunder and loot the Athonite monasteries, not sparing anything sacred. the internecine war of Kings Milutin and Dragutin and Stephen of Dechani (November 11), the ascetic was summoned to Serbia, where he reconciled the adversaries. St. Daniel II the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on December 20; St Stephen Urosh, King of Serbia, Commemorated on December 2; New Martyr John the New of Sochi, who suffered at Belgrade, Commemorated on June 2; St Peter of Korisha, Commemorated on June 5;

Serbia, 1322-1331, King, Stefan Decanski, lived in Khan's court till 1299, then B 5 years, d by son
Serbia, 1322-1331, Serbian King, Stefan Decanski ; Uros III , known as Stefan Dečanski ( c. 1276 – 11 November 1331), was the King of Serbia from 6 January 1322 to 8 September 1331. Decanski was the son of King Stefan Milutin (d. 1321). He defeated two other pretenders to the Serbian throne. Stefan is known as Decanski after the great Monastery of Visoki Decani he built.[1][2][3][4] Repose of St Stephen of Dechani, Serbia, Commemorated on November 11; Nicholas (December 6) appeared to him in the church of Ovche Polje (Sheep Pasture) and said, œDo not be afraid. Your eyes have been given to me, and I shall return them to you at the appropriate time. the end of the five years, Saint Nicholas appeared to him again. Making the Sign of the Cross over his eyes, he restored Stephen'™s sight. In gratitude for this miracle, Stephen built the Decani Monastery in Serbia.

Serbia, 1331-1346, King Stephen Uros IV Dusan the mighty, drowned his father, first emperor, Dunstan's Code
Serbian King, 1331-1346, Stephen Uros IV Dusan of Serbia; Uros (circa 1308 -“ 20 December 1355), was the King of Serbia from 8 September 1331 and Tsar (or Emperor) and autocrat of the Serbs and Greeks (or Romans) from 16 April 1346 until his death. Dusan conquered a large part of southeast Europe, becoming one of the most powerful monarchs of the era. Under Dusan's rule, Serbia was the major power in the Balkans, and an Eastern Orthodox multi-ethnic and multi-lingual empire that stretched from the Danube in the north to the Gulf of Corynth in the south, with its capital in Skopje.[1] He enacted the constitution of the Serbian Empire, known as Dusan's Code, perhaps the most important literary work of medieval Serbia. promoted the Serbian Church from an archbishopric to a patriarchate, finished the construction of the Visoki Deani monastery (now a UNESCO site), and founded the Monastery of the Holy Archangels, among others. Under his rule, Serbia reached its territorial, political, economic, and cultural peak.[2] died in 1355, seen as the end of resistance against the advancing Ottoman Empire and the subsequent fall of the Eastern Orthodox Church in the region.[3] St Stephen Urosh, King of Serbia, Commemorated on December 2; New Martyr John the New of Sochi, who suffered at Belgrade, Commemorated on June 2; St Peter of Korisha, Commemorated on June 5;

Serbia, 1346-1371, Serbian Empire
Serbia, 1346-1371, Serbian Empire ; Serbian Empire is a historiographical term for the empire in the Balkan peninsula that emerged from the medieval Serbian Kingdom. It was established in 1346 by King Stefan Dusan, known as "the Mighty", who significantly expanded the state. Dusan's rule Serbia was the major power in the Balkans, and a multi-lingual empire that stretched from the Danube to the Gulf of Corinth, with its capital in Skopje.[1] also promoted the Serbian Archbishopric to the Serbian Patriarchate. son and successor, Uros the Weak, lost most of the territory conquered by Dusan, hence his epithet. The Serbian Empire effectively ended with the death of Uros V in 1371 and the break-up of the Serbian state. Some successors of Stefan V claimed the title of Emperor in parts of Serbia until 1402, but the territory in Greece was never recovered.

Serbia, 1355-1371, Emperor, Stefan Uros V, The Weak, rejected external attacks, then, lost empire to new rich nobles
Serbia, 1355-1371, Serbian Emperor, Stefan Uros V; the death of his father (+ 1355), Saint Stephen Urosh became the independent and actual ruler of Serbia. was faithful to the Lord; like a father he provided for widows and orphans, he pacified quarrels and maintained peace, he was charitable to the poor, and he defended the downtrodden. the interests of peace in Serbia and indeed for the preservation of his own life, Saint Stephen was obliged to flee to his kinsman, Prince Lazar. Stephen'™s uncle, Vulkashin, immediately seized the throne, but his fear of rivals gave him no peace. Through his sister, Saint Stephen'™s mother, he invited his nephew to come to the city of Skopje, on the pretext of a reconciliation. Greeting him with honor, as Tsar, he invited him to go hunting. When Saint Stephen, weary from the hunt, went off with his horse to a well and bent over to take a sip of water, Vulkashin struck him a mortal blow on the head with a mace. Stefan Uros V (1336 -“ 2/4 December 1371), known in historiography and folk tradition as Uros the Weak, was the second Emperor (Tsar) of the Serbian Empire (1355-“1371), and before that he was Serbian King and co-ruler (since 1346) with his father, Emperor Stefan Dusan.[1] St Joannicius the first Patriarch of Serbia, Commemorated on September 3; St Stephen Urosh, King of Serbia, Commemorated on December 2; Venerable Romilus of Ravenica, Commemorated on January 16; St Theodosius the Bulgarian, with his disciple Romanos, Commemorated on February 17;

Serbia, 1371-1403, Moravian Serbia or Serbian Despotate, Great Morava River, not Czech M, Orthodox
Serbia, Moravian Serbia, 1373-1403; Serbia or Realm of Prince Lazar is the name used in historiography for the largest and most powerful Serbian principality to emerge from the ruins of the Serbian Empire (1371).[1] Serbia is named after Morava, the main river of the region.[2] principality in the region of Morava was established in 1371, and attained its largest extent in 1379 through the military and political activities of its first ruler, prince Lazar Hrebeljanov. 1402 it was raised to the Serbian Despotate, which would exist until 1459 (de jure until the 1560s). adjective Moravian does not imply that the state (Moravian Serbia) is affiliated in any way with the region of Moravia in the present-day Czech Republic. The term Moravian Serbia refers to the fact that the state comprised the basins of the Great Morava, West Morava, and South Morava rivers in present-day central Serbia. information: History of Serbia Hrebeljanovic was born in around 1329 in the fortress of Prilepac, near the town of Novo Brdo in the region of Kosovo, Kingdom of Serbia. was a courtier at the court of Serbian Tsar Stefan Uros Dusan, and at the court of Dusan's successor, Tsar Stefan Uros V (r. 1356-“1371).[3] Uros's reign was characterized by the weakening of the central authority and the gradual disintegration of the Serbian Empire. Powerful Serbian nobles became practically independent in the regions they controlled.[4] Lazar left the court Tsar Uros in 1363 or 1365, and became a regional lord. He held the title of prince since at least 1371.[4] territory initially developed in the shadow of stronger regional lords. The strongest were the Mrnjavcevic brothers, Vukasin and Jovan Uglijesa. were defeated and killed by the Ottoman Turks in the Battle of Maritsa in 1371, after which Lazar took a part of their territory. Lazar and Tvrtko I, the Ban of Bosnia, jointly defeated in 1373 another strong noble, Nikola Altomanovic. Most of Altomanovic's territory was acquired by Lazar. that time, Lazar accepted the suzerainty of King Louis I of Hungary,[5] who granted him the region of Macva, or at least a part of it. all these territorial gains, Lazar emerged as the most powerful Serbian lord.[6] The state he then created is known in historiography as Moravian Serbia.[7] Moravian Serbia attained its full extent in 1379, when Lazar took Branicevo and Kucevo, ousting the Hungarian vassal Radic Brankovic Rastislalic from these regions.[8] state was larger than the domains of the other lords on the territory of the former Serbian Empire. It also had a better organized government and army. The state comprised the basins of the Great Morava, West Morava, and South Morava Rivers, extending from the source of South Morava northward to the Danube and Sava Rivers. Its north-western border ran along the Drina River. the capital Krusevac, the state included important towns of Nis and Uzice, as well as Novo Brdo and Rudnik, two richest mining centres of medieval Serbia. all the Serbian lands, Lazar's state lay furthest from Ottoman centres, and was least exposed to the ravages of Turkish raiding parties. circumstance attracted immigrants from Turkish-threatened areas, who built new villages and hamlets in previously poorly inhabited and uncultivated areas of Moravian Serbia. There were also spiritual persons among the immigrants, which stimulated the revival of old ecclesiastical centres and the foundation of new ones in Lazar's state.[6][7] A Turkish raiding party, passing unobstructed through territories of Ottoman vassals, broke into Moravian Serbia in 1381. It was routed by Lazar's nobles Crep Vukoslavic and Vitomir in the Battle of Dubravica, fought near the town of Paracin.[7] 1386, the Ottoman Sultan Murad I himself led much larger forces that took Nic from Lazar. It is unclear whether the encounter between the armies of Lazar and Murad at Plocnik, a site southwest of Nic, happened shortly before or after the capture of Nic. rebuffed Murad at Plocnik.[9] the death of King Louis in 1382, a civil war broke out in the Kingdom of Hungary. Lazar briefly participated in the war as one of the opponents of Prince Sigismund of Luxemburg, and he sent some troops to fight in the regions of Belgrade and Syrmia. These fights ended with no territorial gains for Lazar, who made peace with Sigismund in 1387.[10] In the Battle of Kosovo fought on 15 June 1389, Lazar led the army which confronted a massive invading army of the Ottoman Empire commanded by Sultan Murad I. Prince Lazar and Sultan Murad lost their lives in the battle. Although the battle was tactically a draw, the mutual heavy losses were devastating only for the Lazar was succeeded by his eldest son Stefan Lazarevic. he was still a minor, Moravian Serbia was administered by Lazar's widow, Milica. was attacked from north, five months after the battle, by troops of the Hungarian King Sigismund. When Turkish forces, moving toward Hungary, reached the borders of Moravian Serbia in the summer of 1390, Milica accepted Ottoman suzerainty.[11] Lazarevic participated as an Ottoman vassal in the Battle of Karanovasa in 1394, the Battle of Rovine in 1395, the Battle of Nicopolis in 1396, and in the Battle of Angora in 1402. Angora, he visited Constantinople, the capital city of the Byzantine Empire, where he was given the title of Despot, and since then his state became known as the Serbian Despotate in 1402.[12] Commons has media related to Principality of Serbia (late medieval). Lazar Hrebeljanovic “1389) Stefan Lazarevic (1389-“1402) Blessed Stephen the King of Serbia, With His Mother, Commemorated on July 19 ; Right-believing Prince Lazarus the Great Martyr of Serbia, Commemorated on June 15; Holy Prince Lazar of Serbia lived during the fourteenth century at a time when the Turks, having conquered neighboring lands, were preparing to invade Serbia. Lazar was raised at the court of the holy King Dushan, and was appointed governor of one of the Serbian districts. In the year 1371 he was chosen King of all Serbia and he toiled much at strengthening the condition of the country. He pacified neighboring princes, who had wronged or plundered Serbian settlements. He was concerned also for the Christian enlightenment of the nation, he built churches, supported the monasteries and charitable establishments. In 1380 the saint established the monastery at Rovanetz. Saint Lazar petitioned the Patriarch of Constantinople to remove the anathema from the people of Serbia. During the course of the ten years of his rule, Serbia was at peace. there began war with the Turks. At the time of the Battle of Kosovo, the wounded king was taken prisoner. On the orders of Sultan Bayazet, he was beheaded with a sword on June 15, 1389. The body of the holy King Lazar was buried at a nearby church. In 1391 his incorrupt relics were transferred to the Ravanica monastery. The monastery was destroyed by the Turks in 1683, and the relics of King Lazar were transferred to the monastery of New Ravanica on Mount Thruzh. He was the founder of the Monastery of Saint Panteleimon on the Holy Mountain, as well as numerous other monasteries and churches. St Ephraim the Bulgarian, Patriarch of Serbia, Commemorated on June 15;

Serbia, 1373-1389, Prince, Lazar of Serbia, First Prince of Moravian Serbia
Serbian Prince, 1373-1389, Lazar of Serbia, First Prince of Serbian Empire in Kosovo; Lazar Hrebeljanovic (ca. 1329-15 June 1389) was a medieval Serbian ruler who created the largest and most powerful state on the territory of the disintegrated Serbian Empire. state, referred to by historians as Moravian Serbia, comprised the basins of the Great Morava, West Morava, and South Morava rivers. ruled Moravian Serbia from 1373 until his death in 1389. sought to resurrect the Serbian Empire and place himself at its helm, claiming to be the direct successor of the Nemanjic dynasty, which went extinct in 1371 after ruling over Serbia for two centuries. programme had the full support of the Serbian Orthodox Church, but the Serbian nobility did not recognize him as their supreme ruler. He is often referred to as Tsar Lazar Hrebeljanovc, however, he only held the title of prince. was killed at the Battle of Kosovo in June 1389 while leading a pan-Christian army assembled to confront the invading Ottoman Empire, led by Sultan Murad I. battle ended without a clear victor, though both sides endured heavy losses, which were more devastating for the less numerous Serbs and their Christian allies. widow, Milica, who ruled as regent for their adolescent son Stefan Lazarevic, Lazar's successor, accepted Ottoman suzerainty in the summer of 1390. is venerated in the Orthodox Christian Church as a martyr and saint, and is highly regarded in Serbian history, culture and tradition. In Serbian epic poetry, he is referred to as Tsar Lazar. Serbian Empire, 1346-1371 ; Blessed Stephen the King of Serbia, With His Mother, Commemorated on July 19 ; St Militsa of Serbia, Commemorated on July 19; St Spyridon the Patriarch, Commemorated on August 30; St Theodosius the Bulgarian, with his disciple Romanos, Commemorated on February 17; Right-believing Prince Lazarus the Great Martyr of Serbia, Commemorated on June 15; Holy Prince Lazar of Serbia lived during the fourteenth century at a time when the Turks, having conquered neighboring lands, were preparing to invade Serbia. Lazar was raised at the court of the holy King Dushan, and was appointed governor of one of the Serbian districts. In the year 1371 he was chosen King of all Serbia and he toiled much at strengthening the condition of the country. He pacified neighboring princes, who had wronged or plundered Serbian settlements. He was concerned also for the Christian enlightenment of the nation, he built churches, supported the monasteries and charitable establishments. In 1380 the saint established the monastery at Rovanetz. Saint Lazar petitioned the Patriarch of Constantinople to remove the anathema from the people of Serbia. During the course of the ten years of his rule, Serbia was at peace. there began war with the Turks. At the time of the Battle of Kosovo, the wounded king was taken prisoner. On the orders of Sultan Bayazet, he was beheaded with a sword on June 15, 1389. The body of the holy King Lazar was buried at a nearby church. In 1391 his incorrupt relics were transferred to the Ravanica monastery. The monastery was destroyed by the Turks in 1683, and the relics of King Lazar were transferred to the monastery of New Ravanica on Mount Thruzh. He was the founder of the Monastery of Saint Panteleimon on the Holy Mountain, as well as numerous other monasteries and churches. St Ephraim the Bulgarian, Patriarch of Serbia, Commemorated on June 15;

Serbia, 1382-1388, Patriarch, St Spyridon the Patriarch
Serbian Patriarch, 1382-1388, St Spyridon the Patriarch; St Spyridon the Patriarch, Commemorated on August 30;

Serbia, 1389, Battle of Kosovo Field 1389, Serb Orthodox v. Sunni Muslim Turks, fall of Serb Empire
Serbia, 1389, Battle of Kosovo Field 1389 (Kosovo Field, 5km northwest of Pristina) ; Battle of Kosovo took place on 15 June 1389[A] between an army led by the Serbian Prince Lazar Hrebeljanovic and an invading army of the Ottoman Empire under the command of Sultan Murad Hudavendigar. battle was fought on the Kosovo field in the territory ruled by Serbian nobleman Vuk Brankovic, in what is today Kosovo,[a] about 5 kilometers (3.1 mi) northwest of the modern city of Pristina. army under Prince Lazar consisted of his own troops, a contingent led by Brankovic, and a contingent sent from Bosnia by King Tvrtko I, commanded by Vlatko Vukovic.[11] Lazar was the ruler of Moravian Serbia and the most powerful among the Serbian regional lords of the time, while Brankovic ruled the District of Brankovic and other areas, recognizing Lazar as his overlord. historical accounts of the battle are scarce.[12] The bulk of both armies were wiped out, and Lazar, Murad and Brankovic were killed. Although the Ottomans managed to annihilate the Serbian army, they also suffered huge casualties that delayed their progress. The Serbs were left with too few men to effectively defend their lands, while the Turks had many more troops in the east. Consequently, the Serbian principalities that were not already Ottoman vassals became so consecutively in the following years. St Spyridon the Patriarch, Commemorated on August 30; St Peter of Korisha, Commemorated on June 5; Right-believing Prince Lazarus the Great Martyr of Serbia, Commemorated on June 15; St Ephraim the Bulgarian, Patriarch of Serbia, Commemorated on June 15;

Serbia, 1389-1427, Serbian Prince, Stefan Lazarevic, fine knight and leader, Battle of Nicopolis d
Serbian Prince, 1389-1427, Stefan Lazarevic ; Lazarevic (c. 1377 - 19 July 1427), also known as Stefan the Tall, was the ruler of Serbia as prince (1389--“1402) and despot (1402-“1427). son of Prince Lazar Hrebeljanovic, he was regarded as one of the finest knights and military leaders at that time. the death of his father at Kosovo (1389), he became ruler of Moravian Serbia and ruled with his mother Milica (a Nemanjic), until he reached adulthood in 1393. led troops in several battles as an Ottoman vassal, until asserting independence after receiving the title of despot from the Byzantines in 1402. an Hungarian ally in 1403-“04, he received large possessions, including the important Belgrade and Golubac Fortress. also held the superior rank in the chivalric Order of the Dragon. his reign there was a long conflict with his nephew Durad Brankovic, which ended in 1412. also inherited Zeta, and waged war against Venice. he was childless, he designated his nephew Durad as heir in 1426, a year before his death. the domestic front, he broke the resistance of the Serbian nobles, and used the periods of peace to strengthen Serbia politically, economically, culturally and militarily. 1412 he issued the Code of Mines, with a separate section on governing of Novo Brdo -“ the largest mine in the Balkans at that time. code increased the development of mining in Serbia, which had been the main economic backbone of the Serbian Despotate. the time of his death, Serbia was one of the largest silver producers in Europe. the field of architecture, he continued development of the Morava school. reign and personal literary works are sometimes associated with early signs of the Renaissance in the Serbian lands. introduced knightly tournaments, modern battle tactics, and firearms to Serbia. was a great patron of the arts and culture by providing shelter and support to scholars and refugees from neighboring countries that had been taken by the Ottomans. In addition, he was himself a writer, and his most important work is A Homage to Love, which is characterized by the Renaissance lines. During his reign the Resava School was formed. Serbian Empire, 1346-1371 ; Blessed Stephen the King of Serbia, With His Mother, Commemorated on July 19 ; St Militsa of Serbia, Commemorated on July 19; St Theodosius the Bulgarian, with his disciple Romanos, Commemorated on February 17; Right-believing Prince Lazarus the Great Martyr of Serbia, Commemorated on June 15; St Ephraim the Bulgarian, Patriarch of Serbia, Commemorated on June 15;

Serbia, 1400-1459, 15th Century Folder, Turks take over Serbia

Serbia, 1402-1459, Serbian Despotate of Hungary, cultural and political renaissance before Ottomans in 57
Serbia, Serbian Despotate, 1402-1459 ; The Serbian Despotate was a medieval Serbian state in the first half of the 15th century. Although the Battle of Kosovo in 1389 is generally considered the end of medieval Serbia, the Despotate, a successor of the Serbian Empire and Moravian Serbia, lasted for another 60 years, experiencing a cultural and political renaissance before it was conquered by the Ottomans in 1459. Before its conquest the Despotate nominally had a suzerain status to the Ottoman Empire, Byzantine Empire and Kingdom of Hungary.[1] After being fully subjugated to the Ottoman Empire in 1459, it continued to exist in exile in the medieval Kingdom of Hungary until the mid-16th century. Pavle Bakia was the last Despot of Serbia to be recognized by both the Ottoman and the Habsburg Monarchy. Blessed John the King of Serbia and his parents, Commemorated on December 10 ; Blessed Stephen the Prince of Serbia, Commemorated on December 10;

Serbia, 1405, Despot Stephen Tower, fortress in Belgrade
Despot Stephen Tower; The Despot Stefan Tower is a structure in Belgrade, Serbia, built ca. 1405, a couple of years after the city became the capital of Serbian Despotate under Despot Stefan Lazarevic. May 1963, representatives of the city administration, Institute for the protection of the cultural monuments and members of the astronomical societies, agreed to adapt the Dizdar Tower into an observatory. Works began in May, instruments were to be installed by autumn, and the observatory was to become operational in October 1963.[1] the tower is the seat of the Astronomical Society Ruder Boskovic and houses its Popular Observatory. The Observatory has two instruments: refractor Zeiss (110/2200mm) and reflector Tall 200 K (200/2200mm), both of which are used mainly for observations at night. Four panoramic telescopes are also mounted on the tower, which can be used to observe the panorama of Belgrade.[2] Turkish Yoke Ottoman Empire ; Blessed John the King of Serbia and his parents, Commemorated on December 10 ; Blessed Stephen the Prince of Serbia, Commemorated on December 10;

Serbia, 1457, Serbia Seized by the Turks
Serbia, 1457, Serbia Seized by the Turks; Despot Stephen Tower; Turkish Yoke Ottoman Empire ; Blessed John the King of Serbia and his parents, Commemorated on December 10 ; Blessed Stephen the Prince of Serbia, Commemorated on December 10;

Serbia, 1458-1459, Despot, Prince Stephen Brancovich (Stephen the Blind)
Serbian Prince, 1458-1459, Stephen Brancovich; St Stephen of Serbia, "œthe blind one", Commemorated on October 9; Blessed John the King of Serbia and his parents, Commemorated on December 10 ; Blessed Stephen the Prince of Serbia, Commemorated on December 10; St Maximus the New, Commemorated on January 18; Venerable Angelina of Serbia, Commemorated on July 30; St Angelina of Serbia, Commemorated on July 1;

Serbia, 1458-1520, Saint Angelina of Serbia and Albania
Serbian Saint, 1458-1520, Saint Angelina of Serbia; St Stephen of Serbia, "œthe blind one", Commemorated on October 9; Blessed John the King of Serbia and his parents, Commemorated on December 10 ; Blessed Stephen the Prince of Serbia, Commemorated on December 10; St Maximus the New, Commemorated on January 18;

Serbia, 1459-1800, Folder, Ottoman Serbia

Serbia, 1459-1499, 15th Century Folder, Ottoman Serbia in Bosnia, Kingdom of Hungary in the North

Serbia, 1461-1463, P, Stephen Tomasevic, Bosnia, R Catholic, lost Bosnia, Serbia to Mehemed, killed by M
Serbian Prince, 1461-1463, Stephen Tomasevic of Bosnia ; Tomasevic or Stephen II ( died on 25 May 1463) was the last sovereign from the Bosnian Kotromani dynasty, reigning as Despot of Serbia briefly in 1459 and as King of Bosnia from 1461 until 1463. Stephen's father, King Thomas, had great ambitions for him. An attempt to expand into Croatia by marrying Stephen to a wealthy noblewoman failed, and negotiations for a marital alliance with the Sforzas of Milan were abandoned when a more prestigious opportunity presented itself: marriage to the heiress Maria of Serbia. in April 1459, it made Stephen the ruler of the remnants of the neighbouring country. The intent was to unite the Kingdom of Bosnia and the Serbian Despotate under Stephen to combat the expanding Ottoman Empire. Catholicism made him unpopular in Orthodox Serbia. ruling it for merely two months, he surrendered it to the encroaching Ottoman forces and fled back to his father's court, which earned him the contempt of the Hungarian king Matthias Corvinus and other Christian rulers in Europe. Stephen succeeded his father on the throne following the latter's death in July 1461 and became the first Bosnian king to receive a crown from the Holy See. kingdom's existence, however, was increasingly threatened by the Ottomans. King Stephen had the unanimous support of his noblemen in resistance to the Ottomans, but not of the common people. He maintained an active correspondence with Pope Pius II, who forgave him for the loss of Serbia and worked with him to preserve Bosnia for Christendom. Hungarian king was placated, but all Western monarchs contacted by Stephen refused to assist him. that at least Matthias would come to his aid, Stephen refused to deliver the customary tribute to the Ottoman sultan Mehmed the Conqueror, which provoked an invasion. May 1463, Mehmed marched into Bosnia, meeting little effective resistance, and captured Stephen, who was then beheaded. The execution marks the fall of the Kingdom of Bosnia to the Ottoman Empire. 1 Family 2 Marriage 3 Despotism 4 Kingship 4.1 Accession and coronation 4.2 Ottoman invasion 4.3 Capture and death 5 Assessment and legacy 6 Family tree 7 References 8 Bibliography 9 Further reading St Stephen of Serbia, "œthe blind one", Commemorated on October 9; Blessed John the King of Serbia and his parents, Commemorated on December 10 ; Blessed Stephen the Prince of Serbia, Commemorated on December 10; St Nectarius of Bitel, Commemorated on December 15; Venerable Angelina of Serbia, Commemorated on July 30; St Angelina of Serbia, Commemorated on July 1;

Serbia, 1486-1496, Despot, George Brancovich, Maximus, relinquished, monk, krusedol monastery, Romanian envoy
Serbian Prince, 1486-1496, George Brancovich ; as George; also known as Saint Maksim; b. 1461 “ d. 1516) was the last male member of the Brankovic dynasty, and titular Despot of Serbia from 1486 to 1497. The title was granted to him by Hungarian king Matthias Corvinus. From 1493, he shared the title with his brother Jovan. In 1497, he relinquished all titles and possessions to his brother, and decided to take monastic vows, adopting the name Maksim. built the Kruskedol monastery, and served as diplomatic envoy for prince Radu IV the Great of Wallachia (1507). 1513, he became Metropolitan of Belgrade. After his death (1516), he was venerated as saint, and canonized by the Serbian Orthodox Church.[1][2] Son of Serbian Prince, 1458-1459, Stephen Brancovich; Blessed Stephen the Prince of Serbia, Commemorated on December 10; St Nectarius of Bitel, Commemorated on December 15; Venerable Angelina of Serbia, Commemorated on July 30; St Angelina of Serbia, Commemorated on July 1;

Serbia, 1496-1502, Despot, John Brancovich, received d from b Maximus, Hilandar and Krusedol
Serbian Prince, 1496-1502, John Brancovich ; Brankovich, born c. 1465 - died 10 December 1502) was the titular Despot of Serbia from 1493 until his death in 1502. Title of despot was given to him by Hungarian king Vladislas II of Hungary. From 1493 to 1497 he held the title together with his elder brother George, who was despot since 1486. In 1497, George relinquished the title, and Jovan remained the sole Despot of Serbia, until his death in 1502. Jovan was the last Serbian Despot of the Brankovich dynasty. Brothers built the Kruckedol monastery, and made various donations to Hilandar and other Eastern Orthodox monasteries. He was proclaimed a saint by the Serbian Orthodox Church.[1][2] Son of Serbian Prince, 1458-1459, Stephen Brancovich; Venerable Angelina of Serbia, Commemorated on July 30; Blessed John the King of Serbia and his parents, Commemorated on December 10 ; Blessed Stephen the Prince of Serbia, Commemorated on December 10; St Nectarius of Bitel, Commemorated on December 15; St Maximus the New, Commemorated on January 18; St Angelina of Serbia, Commemorated on July 1;

Serbia, 1500, 16th Century Folder, Ottoman Serbia, Light from grave attracts Turks, St Macarius the Patriarch

Serbia, 1515, Saint Stephen Stiljianovitch, Light from his grave attracts Turks
Serbia, 1515, Saint Stephen Stiljianovitch, Light from his grave attracts Turks; Stephen Stiljianovich of Serbia was born into a pious Christian family in the Serbian city of Zhupa (south of Zakholmya). During this time Serbia was often subjected to invasions by the Turks, who devastated the land. Saint Stephen defended his native land, did military service in the army of the Serbian ruler. When famine began in the country, the kindly Saint Stephen distributed his own bread to the hungry. patriotic activity of the saintly soldier was indissolubly bound up with his truly Christian life. “In virtue, he lived as an ascetic with charity, purity, prayer, the Orthodox Faith and unhypocritical love of neighbor.” saint fell asleep in the Lord on October 4, 1515. After a time, the Turks saw a light shining over his grave. Thinking that they had found a hidden treasure, they opened the grave and found the incorrupt body of Saint Stephen. Serbian monks ransomed the relics from the Turkish Pasha and transferred them to the Shishatovets monastery on Mount Phrushtsk. Serbian Church prays to him as a glorious righteous defender of his native land, “Glory in the struggles, warrior Stephen Stiljianovich, great healer of those who pray to you in faith.”

Serbia, 1557-1574, Serbian Patriarch, St Macarius the Patriarch
Serbian Patriarch, 1557-1574, St Macarius the Patriarch; St Macarius the Patriarch, Commemorated on August 30;

Serbia, 1600, 17th Century Folder, Ottoman Serbia, Russo-Turkish War

Serbia, 1657, Serbian Patriarch, Gabriel II of Constantinople
Serbian Patriarch, 1657, Gabriel II of Constantinople; St Gabriel I the Patriarch, Commemorated on August 30;

Serbia, 1686-1700, Russo-Turkish War
Serbia, 1686-1700, Russo-Turkish War ; St John the Russian and Confessor, whose relics are on the island of Euboia, Commemorated on May 27 ;

Serbia, 1700, 18th Century Folder, temporary Hapsburg Serbian Kingdom then back to Ottoman in 39

Serbia, 1800-Present, Folder, Uprising, Russia Turkish War

Serbia, 1800, 19th Century Folder, First Serbian Uprising, Karageorgea's Revolt, Russo-Turkish War

Serbia, 1804-1813, First Serbian Uprising (against the Turks)
Serbia, 1804-1813, First Serbian Uprising; New Martyr Ignatius the Monk of Bulgaria, Commemorated on October 8; Martyr Avakum the Deacon of Serbia, Commemorated on December 17; St Paisius, Commemorated on December 17;

Serbia, 1804-1813, Karageorgea's town, Topola, Karageorgea's revolt 1804-1813
Serbia, Karageorge'™s town, Topola, Karageorge's revolt 1804-1809, First Serbian Uprising against the Turks from Constantinople, 1804, Collapse 1813 ; New Martyr Ignatius the Monk of Bulgaria, Commemorated on October 8; Martyr Avakum the Deacon of Serbia, Commemorated December 17 ; St Paisius, Commemorated December 17 ; Martyr Avakum the Deacon of Serbia, Commemorated on December 17;

Serbia, 1811-1813, President, Karadorde, Black George, Orthodox, with Ottomans, then against, Jihad, k by rival
Serbia, President, 1811-1813, Karadorde; ÄÂorÄ‘e PetroviÄ‡ OSA (Serbian Cyrillic: ÃÂ‚ÃÂ¾Ñ€Ñ’ÃÂµ ÃÂŸÃÂµÑ‚Ñ€ÃÂ¾ÃÂ²ÃÂ¸Ñ›, pronounced [dÃÂ¡Ê‘Ã´ËÂrdÃÂ¡Ê‘e pÄ›troÊ‹itÃÂ¡É•]), better known by the sobriquet Black George, or KaraÄ‘orÄ‘e (Serbian Cyrillic: ÃÂšÃÂ°Ñ€ÃÂ°Ñ’ÃÂ¾Ñ€Ñ’ÃÂµ, pronounced [kÃ¢radÃÂ¡Ê‘oËÂrdÃÂ¡Ê‘e]; 16 November [O.S. 3 November] 1768 – 26 July [O.S. 14 July] 1817), was a Serbian revolutionary who led the struggle for his country's independence from the Ottoman Empire during the First Serbian Uprising of 1804–1813. Born into an impoverished family in the Å umadija region of Ottoman Serbia, KaraÄ‘orÄ‘e distinguished himself during the Austro-Turkish War of 1788–1791 as a member of the Serbian Free Corps, a militia of Habsburg and Ottoman Serbs, armed and trained by the Austrians. Fearing retribution following the Austrians' and Serb rebels' defeat in 1791, he and his family fled to the Austrian Empire, where they lived until 1794, when a general amnesty was declared. KaraÄ‘orÄ‘e subsequently returned to Å umadija and became a livestock merchant. In 1796, the rogue governor of the Sanjak of Vidin, Osman PazvantoÄŸlu, invaded the Pashalik of Belgrade, and KaraÄ‘orÄ‘e fought alongside the Ottomans to quash the incursion. In early 1804, following a massacre of Serb chieftains by renegade Ottoman janissaries known as Dahis, the Serbs of the Pashalik rebelled. KaraÄ‘orÄ‘e was unanimously elected to lead the uprising against the Dahis at an assembly of surviving chiefs in February 1804. Within six months, most of the Dahi leaders had been captured and executed by KaraÄ‘orÄ‘e's forces, and by 1805, the final remnants of Dahi resistance had been crushed. KaraÄ‘orÄ‘e and his followers demanded far-reaching autonomy, which Sultan Selim interpreted as but the first step towards complete independence. Selim promptly declared jihad against the rebels and ordered an army to march into the Pashalik. The Ottomans suffered a string of defeats at the hands of KaraÄ‘orÄ‘e's forces. By 1806, the rebels had captured all the major towns in the Pashalik, including Belgrade and Smederevo, and expelled their Muslim inhabitants. Burdened by the demands of the Russo-Ottoman War of 1806–1812, Selim offered the Serbs extensive autonomy, but KaraÄ‘orÄ‘e refused in light of Russia's avowal to aid the rebels should they continue fighting. Frequent infighting, together with Napoleon's invasion of Russia in 1812, weakened the rebels, and the Ottomans were able to reverse many of their gains. KaraÄ‘orÄ‘e was forced to flee Serbia in October 1813 and Belgrade fell later that month, bringing the First Serbian Uprising to a close. He and his followers sought refuge in the Austrian Empire, but were arrested and detained. Despite Ottoman requests for his extradition, the Austrians handed KaraÄ‘orÄ‘e over to the Russians, who offered him refuge in Bessarabia. There, he joined the Greek secret society known as Filiki Eteria, which planned to launch a pan-Balkan uprising against the Ottomans. KaraÄ‘orÄ‘e returned to Serbia in secret in July 1817, but was killed shortly thereafter by agents of MiloÅ¡ ObrenoviÄ‡, a rival rebel leader, who was concerned that KaraÄ‘orÄ‘e's reappearance would cause the Ottomans to renege on the concessions that they had agreed to following the Second Serbian Uprising of 1815. KaraÄ‘orÄ‘e is considered the founder of the KaraÄ‘orÄ‘eviÄ‡ dynasty, which ruled Serbia in several intervals during the 19th and 20th centuries. His murder resulted in a violent, decades-long feud between his descendants and those of ObrenoviÄ‡, with the Serbian throne changing hands several times. New Martyr Ignatius the Monk of Bulgaria, Commemorated on October 8; Martyr Avakum the Deacon of Serbia, Commemorated December 17 ; St Paisius, Commemorated December 17 ; Martyr Avakum the Deacon of Serbia, Commemorated on December 17;

Serbia, 1814, Hadj-Prodan Gligorijevic's town, Nevede, Hadj-Prodan's Revolt 1814
Hadj-Prodan Gligorijevic's town, Nevede, Serbia, Hadj-Prodan's Revolt 1814 ; GligorijeviÄ‡, known simply as HadÅ¾i-Prodan (Serbian Cyrillic: ÃÂ¥ÃÂ°ÑŸÃÂ¸-ÃÂŸÑ€ÃÂ¾ÃÂ´ÃÂ°ÃÂ½ ÃÂ“ÃÂ»ÃÂ¸ÃÂ³ÃÂ¾Ñ€ÃÂ¸Ñ˜ÃÂµÃÂ²ÃÂ¸Ñ›; 1760 – 1825) was a Serbian voivode (military commander) in the First Serbian Uprising of the Serbian Revolution, then the Greek War of Independence, against the Ottoman Empire. He led an unsuccessful rebellion in 1814, dubbed HadÅ¾i Prodan's Revolt. Martyr Avakum the Deacon of Serbia, Commemorated December 17 ; St Paisius, Commemorated December 17 ; Martyr Avakum the Deacon of Serbia, Commemorated on December 17;

Serbia, 1875, June 26 1875: Issachar's Seal Date
Serbia, 1875, June 26 1875: Issachar's Seal Date; Serbia, 1877-1878, Russo-Turkish War (1877-“78); Congress of Berlin, 1878;

Serbia, 1877-1878, Russo-Turkish War (1877-“78)
Serbia, 1877-1878, Russo-Turkish War (1877-“78); Serbia, 1875, June 26 1875: Issachar's Seal Date;

Serbia, 1878, Treaty of Berlin 1878
Serbia, 1878, Treaty of Berlin 1878; Serbia, 1877-1878, Russo-Turkish War (1877-“78); Serbia, 1875, June 26 1875: Issachar's Seal Date;

Serbia, 1900, 20th Century Folder, Communist Leader Tito, St Nikolai Velimirovich of Ohrid

Serbia, 1901-1956, Saint Nikolai Velimirovich of Ohrid and Zica
Serbia, 1901-1956, Saint Nikolai Velimirovich of Ohrid and Zica; Repose of St Nikolai of Zhicha, Commemorated on March 18;

Serbia, 1943-1980, Yugoslav Communist Leader, Tito, Josip Broz
Serbia, 1943-1980, Yugoslav Communist Leader, Tito, Josip Broz; Repose of St Nicholas of Zhicha, Commemorated on March 18;

Serbia, Kosovo Folder, Rivers flow South

Serbia, 1373-1403, Moravian Serbia (Great Morava River Serbia, Danube 10, not Czech Moravia)
Serbia, Moravian Serbia, 1373-1403; Blessed Stephen the King of Serbia, With His Mother, Commemorated on July 19 ; Right-believing Prince Lazarus the Great Martyr of Serbia, Commemorated on June 15; St Ephraim the Bulgarian, Patriarch of Serbia, Commemorated on June 15;

Serbia, Kosovo, Eastern Kosovo Folder, Kosovo Field

Kosovo, Serbia
Kosovo; St Joannicius the first Patriarch of Serbia, Commemorated on September 3; Greatmartyr Anastasia the "Deliverer from Potions", Commemorated December 22 ; St Sava II the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on February 8; St Peter of Korisha, Commemorated on June 5; St Ephraim the Bulgarian, Patriarch of Serbia, Commemorated on June 15;

Battle of Kosovo, Serbia, 1389
Battle of Kosovo; Saint Spyridon, Patriarch of Serbia, Commemorated on August 30; Right-believing Prince Lazarus the Great Martyr of Serbia, Commemorated on June 15;

Kosovo battle with Turks, 1389
Kosovo battle with Turks, 1389; Saint Spyridon, Patriarch of Serbia, Commemorated on August 30; Right-believing Prince Lazarus the Great Martyr of Serbia, Commemorated on June 15;

Kosovo Pole (Blackbird Field)
Kosovo Pole St Spyridon the Patriarch, Commemorated August 30 ; St Peter of Korisha, Commemorated on June 5;

Kosovo Sink Hole - Smaller View

Kosovo Sink Hole - Larger View

Goljak Mountains
Goljak Mountains;

Serbia, Kosovo, Unjimir River Folder, Central Kosovo

Unjimir River
Unjimir River between Kosovo and Pec;

Unjimir River Source (on the divide)

Unjimir River 1 (Unjimir, Kosovo)

Unjimir, Kosovo (Unjimir River 1)
Unjimir (between Kosovo and Pec); St Peter of Korisha, Commemorated on June 5; Saint Peter was born in 1211 in the village of Unjimir between the city of Pech and the Field of Kosovo.

Unjimir River Mouth ( Pec River 4)

Serbia, Kosovo, Pec River Folder, Western Kosovo

Pec River

Pec River Source (on the divide)

Pec River 1 (Rugova Canyon and Caves)

Rugova Canyon monastic caves
Rugova Canyon monastic caves; Repose of St Stephen of Dechani, Serbia, Commemorated on November 11 ; St Sava II the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on February 8;

Pec River 2 (Pech)

Pech (Pec), Kosovo, Serbia (Pec River 2)
Pech; St Ephraim the Bulgarian, Patriarch of Serbia, Commemorated on June 15; Repose of St Stephen of Dechani, Serbia, Commemorated on November 11 ; St Sava II the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on February 8; St Peter of Korisha, Commemorated on June 5; St Ephraim the Bulgarian, Patriarch of Serbia, Commemorated on June 15;

Pec Rive 3 (Dechani)

Dechani, Kosovo, Serbia (Pec River 3)
Dechani, Serbia; Repose of St Stephen of Dechani, Serbia, Commemorated on November 11 ; St Daniel II the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated December 20 ; Greatmartyr Anastasia the "Deliverer from Potions", Commemorated December 22 ;

Vysokie Dechani Monastery, Serbia, 1327
Vysokie Dechani, Serbia; Greatmartyr Nicetas the Goth, Commemorated on September 15;

Dechani (Vysokie) Monastery, Serbia, 1327
Vysokie Dechani, Serbia; Saint Gabriel I, Patriarch of Serbia, Commemorated on August 30; Greatmartyr Nicetas the Goth, Commemorated on September 15;

Patriarchate of Pec (monastery), Serbia, 1327
Patriarchate of Pec (monastery), Serbia, 1327; Vysokie Dechani, Serbia; Saint Gabriel I, Patriarch of Serbia, Commemorated on August 30; Saint Macarius, Patriarch of Serbia, Commemorated on August 30; Greatmartyr Nicetas the Goth, Commemorated on September 15;

Pec River 4 (Unjimir River)

Pec River 5 (Prizren, Korisha)

Prizren, Kosovo, Serbia (Pec River 5)
Prizren; St Joannicius the first Patriarch of Serbia, Commemorated September 3 ; St Peter of Korisha, Commemorated on June 5;

Korisha, Kosovo, Serbia (Pec River 5)
Korisha; St Peter of Korisha, Commemorated on June 5;

Archangelsk monastery, Prizren, Kosovo, Serbia
Archangelsk monastery, Prizren, Kosovo, Serbia; Saint Spyridon, Patriarch of Serbia, Commemorated on August 30;

Serbia, Danube Rivers Folder, Rivers flow North

Danube River in Serbia

Danube River 9 (Belgrade, Serbia)

Serbia, Danube 9, Sava River Folder

Sava River

Sava River Source (Julian Alps, Kranjska Gora, Slovenia)

Sava River 1 (Kranjska Gora, Slovenia)

Sava River 2 (Slovenia)

Sava River 3 (Slovenia)

Sava River 4 (Slovenka, Slovenia)

Sora River Mouth (Sava River 4)

Sava River 5 (Slovenia)

Sava River 9 (border Slovenia and Croatia)

Sava River 10 (Zagreb, Croatia)

Sava River 11 (Croatia)

Sava River 12 (Dubica, Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Sava River 13 (border Croatia and Bosnia)

Sava River 14 (border Croatia and Bosnia)

Sava River 15 (border Croatia and Bosnia)

Sava River 16 (border Slavonia (Croatia) and Bosnia)

Sava River 17 (Vrsani, Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Sava River 18 (Drina River, Serbia)

Serbia, Danube 9, Sava 18, Drina River Folder

Drina River

Drina River Source (Maglic Mountain)
Maglic Mountain;

Drina River 1

Drina River 2

Drina River 3 (Overview)

Drina River 4

Drina River 5 (Lim River)

Serbia, Danube 9, Sava 18, Drina 5, Lim River Folder

Lim River

Lim River Source (Lake Plav, Northeast Montenegro

Lim River 1 (Budimlje, Serbia, aka Berane, Montenegro)

Budimlje, Serbia aka Berane, Montenegro (Lim River 1)
Budimlje aka Berane (; Repose of Saint Stephen of DeÃ„ÂÂÂÂani, Serbia, Commemorated on November 11

Lim River 2 (Montenegro-Serbia Border, Brodarevo)

Serbia, Danube 9, Sava 18, Drina 5, Lim River 2, Milesevka River Folder

Milesevka River

Milesevka River Source (Mount Jadovnik)

Milesevka River 1

Milesevka River 2

Milesevka River 3

Milesevka River Mouth (Lim River 2)

Mileshevsk monastery, Serbia (Mileshevsk River, Lim River 2) 1236
Mileshevsk (Milesheva) monastery ; St Vladislav of Serbia, Commemorated on September 24 ; Blessed John the King of Serbia and his parents, Commemorated December 10 ; Blessed Stephen the Prince of Serbia, Commemorated on December 10 ; St Sava I, First Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated January 12 ;

Lim River 3 (Milesevka River and Monestary)

Banja Monastery (Lim River 3.7, south of Prboj)
Banja Monastery Monastery (Serbian Cyrillic: ÐœÐ°Ð½Ð°ÑÑ‚Ð¸Ñ€ Ð‘Ð°ÑšÐ°) is a Serbian Orthodox Monastery located near Priboj, Serbia. Monastery Banja presents Cultural Monument of Exceptional Importance in Serbia.[1] History 1890s photograph. Time of founding of the monastery is unknown, but the first historical sources (Studenica Typicon) mention it in the 12th century.[1] In 1220 Banja became center of Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Dabar.[2] There are three churches within the monastery, the Church of St. Nicholas, of St. Eliah and the Church of Ascension of the Holy Virgin. St. Nicholas Church, the main monastery church, was founded by King Stefan DeÄanski (r. 1322–31) in 1329. The original church was burned during the Ottoman invasion.[3] The church was restored in 1570 and gained its present look in 1904 when the last restoration took place. The monastery was not only center of the bishopric but the mausoleum of VojnoviÄ‡ noble family. Saint Daniel II, Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on December 20;

Banja district (Lim River 3.7, south of Prboj)
Banja Monastery Monastery (Serbian Cyrillic: ÐœÐ°Ð½Ð°ÑÑ‚Ð¸Ñ€ Ð‘Ð°ÑšÐ°) is a Serbian Orthodox Monastery located near Priboj, Serbia. Monastery Banja presents Cultural Monument of Exceptional Importance in Serbia.[1] History 1890s photograph. Time of founding of the monastery is unknown, but the first historical sources (Studenica Typicon) mention it in the 12th century.[1] In 1220 Banja became center of Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Dabar.[2] There are three churches within the monastery, the Church of St. Nicholas, of St. Eliah and the Church of Ascension of the Holy Virgin. St. Nicholas Church, the main monastery church, was founded by King Stefan DeÄanski (r. 1322–31) in 1329. The original church was burned during the Ottoman invasion.[3] The church was restored in 1570 and gained its present look in 1904 when the last restoration took place. The monastery was not only center of the bishopric but the mausoleum of VojnoviÄ‡ noble family. Saint Daniel II, Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on December 20;

Lim River 4 (Pribo)

Lim River 5 (Rudo)

Lim River Mouth (Drina River 5)

Laze, Serbia (Drina River 6)
Lazes could mean the region of the Lazes River in Romania, but it probably is Laze in Bosnia and Herzegovina, or it could be neither; however, they are both on the way from Armenia to Albania. GREGORY THE ILLUMINATOR, APOSTLE TO ARMENIA (23 March 332);

Chelije Monastery, Serbia, 1280's
Chelije Monastery; Repose of St Nicholas of Zhicha, Commemorated on March 18;

Lelich, Serbia (Drina River 9.5, 3 mile walk from Chelije Monastery)
Lelich, Serbia (3 mile walk from Chelije Monastery); Repose of St Nikolai of Zhicha, Commemorated on March 18;

Drina River 12 (Pech Monastery)

Tavna monastery, Serbia (Drina River 12) 1316
Tavna monastery Repose of St Arsenius the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated October 28 ;

Drina River Mouth (Sirmium, Pannonia, Sava River 18)

Sava River 19 (Srem Plain, Serbia)

Serbia, Danube 9, Sava 19, Srem Plain Region Folder, Pannonia

Srem Plain Region (divided Croatia west and Serbia east, between Sava and Danube Rs.)
Srem Region, between Drava, Sava and Danube, divided between Croatia in the West and Serbia in the east ; Repose of St Arsenius the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated October 28 ; Venerable Dragutin (Theoctistus in Monasticism) of Serbia, Commemorated on October 30; St Angelina of Serbia, Commemorated on July 1;

Krushedol Monastery, Ravenica, Srem Plain, 1509
Krushedol Monastery, Ravenica, Srem Plain, 1509; Ravenica monestary, 1377; Frushka Gora Mountain; St Stephen of Serbia, "the blind one", Commemorated October 9 ; St Angelina of Serbia, Commemorated on July 1;

Ravenica monastery, Serbia (Srem Plain, near Danube River 8) 1377
Ravenica monestary; Venerable Romilus of Ravenica, Commemorated January 16 ; Right-believing Prince Lazarus the Great Martyr of Serbia, Commemorated on June 15;

Frushka Gora, Serbia (Srem Plain)
Frushka Gora, Serbia (Srem Plain); Venerable Angelina of Serbia, Commemorated on July 30 ; St Angelina of Serbia, Commemorated on July 1;

Sirmium, Serbia (Pannonia Secunda, Srem Plain, Sava River 19)
Sirmium; St Ambrose the Bishop of Milan; CYRIL AND METHODIUS, MISSIONARIES TO THE SLAVS (14 FEB 869); Hieromartyr Irenaeus the Bishop of Sirmium in Hungary, Commemorated on March 26; Martyr Manuel, Commemorated on March 27; GEORGE, SOLDIER and MARTYR, 23 APRIL 303, Commemorated April 23; Hieromartyr Erasmus the Bishop of Formia in Campania, Commemorated on May 4;

Pannonia Secunda, Srem Plain, Serbia, Roman Province, 296-476
Pannonia Secunda ; Hieromartyr Irenaeus the Bishop of Sirmium in Hungary, Commemorated on March 26; Hieromartyr Erasmus the Bishop of Formia in Campania, Commemorated on May 4;

Battle of Bassianae (Byzantine (Gothic, Roman) victory over the Huns) 469
Battle of Bassianae (Byzantine (Gothic, Roman) victory over the Huns) 469; The war ended in 469. Marcellinus Comes shortly recorded "The head of Dinzic, son of Attila, king of the Huns, was brought to Constantinople".[14] The Chronicon Paschale recounts "Dinzirichus, Attila's son, was killed by Anagastes, general in Thrace. His head was brought to Constantinople, carried in procession through the Middle Street, and fixed on a pole at the Wooden Circus. The whole city turned out to look at it".[14] Jordanes recounts events in c. 468: "Now after firm peace was established between Goths and Romans, the Goths found that what they received from the emperor was not sufficient for them. Furthermore, they were eager to display their wonted valor, and so began to plunder the neighboring peoples around them, first attacking the Sadagis[nb 1] who held the interior of Pannonia. When Dintzic, king of the Huns, a son of Attila, learned this, he gathered to him the few who still seemed to have remained under his sway, namely, the Ultzinzures[nb 2] the Angisciri[nb 3] the Bittugures[nb 4] and the Bardores[nb 5] Coming to Bassianae (see Battle of Bassianae), a city of Pannonia, he beleaguered it and began to plunder its territory. When the Goths learned this, they abandoned the expedition they had planned against the Sadagis and turned upon the Huns and drove them so ingloriously from their own land that those who remained have been in dread of the arms of the Goths from that time down to the present day."[22] Dengizich, Atilla's Son; Icon of the Mother of God Ã¢Â€ÂœJerusalemÃ¢Â€ÂÂÂÂ, Commemorated on October 12;

Pannonia (parts of: Hungary, Austia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Croatia, Bosnia, Hezegovinia)
Pannonia (parts of: Hungary, Austia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Croatia, Bosnia, Hezegovinia) ; Equal of the Apostles and Teacher of the Slavs, Cyril, Commemorated on May 11;

Pannonia (left side Sava River Drainage)
Pannonia (parts of: Hungary, Austia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Croatia, Bosnia, Hezegovinia) ; Equal of the Apostles and Teacher of the Slavs, Cyril, Commemorated on May 11;

Kupinovo, Serbia (Srem Plain, Sava River 19, capitol Moravian Serbia and Serbian Despotate)
Kupinovo; Venerable Angelina of Serbia, Commemorated on July 30; Blessed John the King of Serbia and his parents, Commemorated December 10 ; Blessed Stephen the Prince of Serbia, Commemorated on December 10 ; St Angelina of Serbia, Commemorated on July 1;

Dechani, Serbia (Srem Plain)
Repose of St Stephen of Dechani, Serbia;

Rakovica Monastery, Belgrade, Serbia (Srem Plain), 1600 17th Century
Rakovica Monastery, Belgrade; Repose of St Nicholas of Zhicha, Commemorated on March 18;

Mount Abul (Avala), Serbia (south of Belgrade, Sava Mouth, Danube 9)
Mount Abul (Avala), Serbia; Icon of the Mother of God of Putivil, Commemorated on May 2;

Sava River Mouth (Belgrade, Serbia, Danube River 9)

Belgrade, Serbia (Sava Mouth and Danube River 9, Roman Road Via Militaris 1)
Martyr Avakum the Deacon of Serbia; Icon of the Mother of God Three Hands on Mt Athos, Commemorated on July 12 ; Blessed Stephen the King of Serbia, With His Mother, Commemorated on July 19 ; St Militsa of Serbia, Commemorated on July 19; Venerable Parasceva (Petka) of Serbia, Commemorated on October 14 ; Martyr Avakum the Deacon of Serbia, Commemorated December 17 ; St Paisius, Commemorated on December 17 ; Martyr Hermylus of Belgrade, Commemorated January 13 ; Martyr Stratonicus of Belgrade, Commemorated January 13 ; New Martyr John the New of Sochi, who suffered at Belgrade, Commemorated on June 2; Icon of the Mother of God the "œMilk-Giver" of the Hilandar Monastery on Mt. Athos, Commemorated on July 3;

Roman Road, Via Militarius 1, Singidunum (Belgrade)
Roman Road, Via Militarius 1, Singidunum (Belgrade); Roman Road, Via Militarius;

Saint Sava Seminary and Church, Belgrade, 1895
Saint Sava Seminary and Church, 1895; Repose of St Nikolai of Zhicha, Commemorated on March 18;

Serbia, Despot Stephen Tower, 1405, fortress in Belgrade
Despot Stephen Tower; Despot Stefan Tower is a structure in Belgrade, Serbia, built ca. 1405, a couple of years after the city became the capital of Serbian Despotate under Despot Stefan Lazarevic. May 1963, representatives of the city administration, Institute for the protection of the cultural monuments and members of the astronomical societies, agreed to adapt the Dizdar Tower into an observatory. Works began in May, instruments were to be installed by autumn, and the observatory was to become operational in October 1963.[1] the tower is the seat of the Astronomical Society Ruder Boskovic and houses its Popular Observatory. The Observatory has two instruments: refractor Zeiss (110/2200mm) and reflector Tall 200 K (200/2200mm), both of which are used mainly for observations at night. Four panoramic telescopes are also mounted on the tower, which can be used to observe the panorama of Belgrade.[2] Turkish Yoke Ottoman Empire ; Blessed John the King of Serbia and his parents, Commemorated on December 10 ; Blessed Stephen the Prince of Serbia, Commemorated on December 10;

New Ravanica on Mount Thruzh, Srem Plain, Serbia
New Ravanica on Mount Thruzh; Right-believing Prince Lazarus the Great Martyr of Serbia, Commemorated on June 15;

Lazarevo, Serbia, Transylvania or Hungary (Tisza River 14)
Lazarevo, Serbia; Righteous Juliana of Lazarevo, Murom, Commemorated on January 2 ;

Danube River 10 (Great Morava River)

Serbia, Danube 10, Great Morava River Folder

Great Morava River (final section of the Morava Rivers of Serbia)
Great Morava River;

Serbia, Danube 10, Great Morava Source, West Morava River Folder

West Morava River

West Morava River Source

Serbia, Danube 10, Great Morava Source, West Morava Source, Children's River Folder

Childrens (Detinja) River

Childrens (Detinja) River Source (Mt Zlatibor)
Mt Zlatibor;

Mount Zlatibor
Mt Zlatibor;

Childrens River 1

Childrens River 2

Childrens River 3

Childrens (Detinja) River Mouth (West Morava River)

Serbia, Danube 10, Great Morava Source, West Morava Source, Golija River Folder

Golija Morava River

Golija Morava River Source (Mt Golija)
Golija Mountain;

Golija Mountain
Golija Mountain;

Golija Morava River 1

Golija Morava River 2

Golija Morava River 3

Sveti Arhanteli Monestary
Sveti Arhanteli Monestary is at the north end of the Ivanjica depression.

Golija Morava River Mouth (West Morava River)

West Morava River 1

West Morava River 2 (Ovcar-Kablar Gorge Monasteries)

Ovcar-Kablar Gorge Monestaries (30)
Ovcar-Kablar Gorge Monestaries, Ovcar-Kablar Gorge; Martyr Avakum the Deacon of Serbia, Commemorated December 17 ; St Paisius, commemorated December 17 ;

Annunciation monastery in Trnava, one of the 30 Ovcar-Kablar Gorge Monestaries
Ovcar-Kablar Gorge Monestaries, Ovcar-Kablar Gorge; Martyr Avakum the Deacon of Serbia, Commemorated December 17 ; St Paisius, commemorated December 17 ;

West Morava River 3

Cacak, Serbia (West Morava River 3)
Cacak, West Central Serbia (West Morava River 3); Martyr Avakum the Deacon of Serbia, Commemorated December 17 ; St Paisius, commemorated December 17 ;

West Morava River 4

West Morava River 5 (Ibar River)

Serbia, Danube 10, Great Morava Source, West Morava 5, Ibar River Folder

Ibar River

Ibar River Source (Hajla Mountain, Prokletije Range, Dinaric Alps)
Hajla Mountain;

Ibar River 1

Ibar River 2 (Crna Reka)

Crna Reka (Black River, Ibar River 2)
Crna Reka Monastery; St Peter of Korisha, Commemorated on June 5;

Crna Reka Monastery
Crna Reka Monastery; St Peter of Korisha, Commemorated on June 5;

Ibar River 3

Ibar River 4

Zhicha, Serbia (Ibar River, West Morava River 5)
Zhicha, Serbia; St Daniel II the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated December 20 ;

Zhicha monastery, Serbia (Ibar River, West Morava River 5) 1192
Zhicha monastery; ---------------------------------------------The description of Kraljevo agrees with the description of Konchul in the following: St Daniel II the Archbishop of Serbia; The monestary at Konchul then could be Zhicha Monestary. Repose of St Arsenius the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated October 28 ; St Daniel II the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated December 20 ;

Konchul monastery, Serbia (Ibar River, West Morava River 5) 1192
Zhicha monastery; ---------------------------------------------The description of Kraljevo agrees with the description of Konchul in the following: St Daniel II the Archbishop of Serbia; The monestary at Konchul then could be Zhicha Monestary. Repose of St Arsenius the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated October 28 ; St Daniel II the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated December 20 ;

cell of St Sava of Serbia (at Karyes, Ibar River, West Morava River 5)
cell of St Sava of Serbia (at Karyes); St Daniel II the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated December 20 ;

Stari Ras, home of Serbian Princes (high point, Ibar River 6)
Stari Ras, home of Serbian Princes (high point, Ibar River 6);

Ras, home of Serbian Kings (high point, Ibar River 6)
Stari Ras, home of Serbian Princes (high point, Ibar River 6);

Tracts or Pillars of St George Monastery, 1170
Pillars of St George Monastery, 1170; Holy King Stephen of Serbia, Commemorated on September 24;

Ibar River 8 (Studenica Monastery)

Studenica monastery, Serbia (Ibar River 8) 1196
Studenica monastery, Serbia ; Holy King Stephen of Serbia, Commemorated September 24 ;

Saint Stephen's (Nemanja) Studenica monastery, Serbia (Ibar River 8) 1196
Studenica monastery, Serbia ; Holy King Stephen of Serbia, Commemorated September 24 ;

Ibar River Mouth (West Morava River 5)

Konchul, Serbia (near Ibar River Mouth, West Morava River 5)
The description of Kraljevo agrees with the description of Konchul in the following: St Daniel II the Archbishop of Serbia; The monestary at Konchul then could be Zhicha Monestary. St Daniel II the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated December 20 ;

West Morava River 6 (Ljubostinja monestary)

Ljubostinja monastery, Serbia (West Morava 6) 1388
Ljubostinja monastery; St. Militsa of Serbia, Commemorated on July 19; Repose of St Nicholas of Zhicha, Commemorated on March 18;

West Morava River Mouth (Great Morava River Source)

Serbia, Danube 10, Great Morava River Source, South Morava River Folder

South Morava River

Black Mountain of Skopje
Black Mountain of Skopje: Skopska Crna Gora;

South Morava River Source (Black Mt of Skopje)

South Morava River 1
South Morava River 1: Gnjilane Valley

South Morava River 2

South Morava 2 tributary

South Morava River 3
South Morava River 3: Vranje Valley

Pcinja District, Southeast Serbia (South Morava River 3)
Pcinja District; Venerable Prochorus of Pcinja;

South Morava River 4: Leskovac Valley

village of Slatena, Meglena diocese, on the border of Bulgaria and Serbia
village of Slatena, Meglena diocese, on the border of Bulgaria and Serbia; New Martyr Chryse (Zlata) of Meglena, Bulgaria, Commemorated on October 13;

South Morava River 5 (Nish, Serbia)
South Morava River 5: Nis Valley

Nish, Serbia, Constantine's Birthplace (South Morava River 5)
Nish, Serbia; Equal of the Apostles and Emperor Constantine with his Mother Helen, Commemorated on May 21;

Roman Road, Via Militaris 3 (Naissus or Nish, Serbia (South Morava River 5)
Roman Road, Via Militaris 3 (Naissus or Nish, Serbia (South Morava River 5) Nish, Serbia; Equal of the Apostles and Emperor Constantine with his Mother Helen, Commemorated on May 21;

South Morava River 6: Aleksinac Valley

South Morava River 7: Stalac Gorge

South Morava River Mouth (Great Morava River)

Great Morava River Source (West and South Morava Rivers)

Great Morava River 1 (Ravenica Monastery)

Ravanica Monastery, Serbia (Great Morava River 1) 1375
Ravanica Monastery; Right-believing Prince Lazarus the Great Martyr of Serbia, Commemorated on June 15;

Great Morava River 2 (Manasija Monastery)

Manasija monastery, Serbia (Great Morava River 1) 1406
Manasija monastery; St Maximus the New, Commemorated January 18 ;

Great Morava River 3

Banja, Serbia (Arandelovac Springs)
Banja (Arandelovac Springs); St Daniel II the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated December 20 ;

Topola, Serbia, Karageorgea'™s town, Karageorgea's revolt 1804-1813
Serbia, Karageorge'™s town, Topola, Karageorge'™s revolt 1804-1809, First Serbian Uprising against the Turks from Constantinople, 1804, Collapse 1813 ; New Martyr Ignatius the Monk of Bulgaria, Commemorated on October 8; Martyr Avakum the Deacon of Serbia, Commemorated December 17 ; St Paisius, Commemorated December 17 ;

Nevede, Serbia, Hadj-Prodan Gligorijevic's town, Hadj-Prodan's Revolt 1814
Hadj-Prodan Gligorijevic's town, Nevede, Serbia, Hadj-Prodan's Revolt 1814 ; Martyr Avakum the Deacon of Serbia, Commemorated December 17 ; St Paisius, Commemorated December 17 ; Martyr Avakum the Deacon of Serbia, Commemorated on December 17;

Great Morava River 4

monastery of St Stephen or Koporin, Serbia (Great Morava River 4)
monastery of St Stephen or Koporin Monestary; St Daniel II the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated December 20 ;

Great Morava (Velika) River Mouth (Danube River 10)

Viminacium, Roman Moesia Superior (Prima), Serbia, on Via Militarius, Theodocius I in Illiricum
Viminacium, capital of Roman Moesia Superior (Prima), on Via Militarius; Saint Donatus, Bishop of Euroea in Epirus, Commemorated on April 30;

Roman Road, Via Militarius 2 , Viminacium, Roman Moesia Superior (Prima) Capitol
Viminacium, capital of Roman Moesia Superior (Prima), on Via Militarius; Saint Donatus, Bishop of Euroea in Epirus, Commemorated on April 30;

Danube River 11

Danube River 12 (Iskar River)

Serbia, Roman Road, Via Militaris Folder, from Belgrade, Serbia to Adrianopolis, Bulgaia

Roman Road, Via Militarius

Roman Road, Via Militaris 1, Singidunum (Belgrade)
Roman Road, Via Militarius 1, Singidunum (Belgrade); Roman Road, Via Militarius;

Roman Road, Via Militaris 2 , Viminacium, Roman Moesia Superior (Prima) Capitol
Viminacium, capital of Roman Moesia Superior (Prima), on Via Militarius; Saint Donatus, Bishop of Euroea in Epirus, Commemorated on April 30;

Roman Road, Via Militaris 4, Serdica or Sofia, Bulgaria
Roman Road, Via Militaris 4, Sofia, Bulgaria Sofia occupies a strategic position at the centre of the Balkan Peninsula, on Roman Road. Repose of the Venerable John the Abbot of Rila, Commemorated on August 18; Translation of the relics of St Alexander Nevsky, Commemorated August 30; Greatmartyr George the New at Sofia, Bulgaria, Commemorated on May 26;

Roman Road, Via Militaris 5, Philippopolis, Thrace, Bulgaria (Maritza River 5)
Philippoplis; Martyr Severus and 38 Soldiers in Thrace, Commemorated on August 20; Martyr Theodotus of Adrianopolis, Commemorated on September 15 ; New Martyr Ignatius the Monk of Bulgaria, Commemorated October 8 ; Apostle Hermes of the Seventy, Commemorated November 5 ; Apostle Hermas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Hermas of the Seventy, Commemorated on March 8; New Martyr Ignatius the Martyr of Mt Athos, Commemorated on May 1; Martyr Alexander of Rome, Commemorated on May 13; Apostle Hermas of the Seventy, Commemorated on May 31 ; Venerable Paisius of Hilandar, Bulgaria, Commemorated on June 19;

Roman Road, Via Militaris 6, Adrianopolis, Thrace, Bulgaria
Adrianople; Venerable Cosmas the Eunuch and Hermit of Palestine, Commemorated on August 3; Translation of the relics of St Maximus the Confessor, Commemorated on August 13; Martyr Agathonicus of Nicomedia, and others who suffered under Maximian, Commemorated on August 22; 40 Women Martyrs at Heraclea, in Thrace, Commemorated September 1 ; Martyr Theodotus of Adrianopolis, Commemorated on September 15 ; Repose of St. Anthimus, Bishop of Georgia, Commemorated on September 14; St. Stephen of Serbia, œthe blind one, Commemorated on October 9; St Alexander the Bishop at Adrianopolis, Commemorated on October 22 ; St Athanasius the Patriarch of Constantinople; Venerable Athanasius the Younger the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated October 28 ; Martyr Maximus of Adrianopolis, Commemorated February 19; Monkmartyr Euthymius of Prodromou of Mt Athos, Commemorated on March 22; New Martyr Euthymius of Mt Athos, Commemorated on May 1; St Anthimus, Bishop of Georgia, Commemorated on June 13;