Bithynia Folder, its rivers and mountains.kmz

Bithynia Folder, its rivers and mountains

Bithynia Province (Lower Sakarya River at its center)
Bithynia Province (southwest coast of the Black Sea); Greatmartyr Euphemia the All-praised, Commemorated on July 11 ; Martyr Hilary of Ancyra, Commemorated July 12 ; Venerable Michael of Maleinus, Commemorated on July 12 ; MACRINA THE YOUNGER, MONASTIC AND TEACHER (19 JUL 379) ; Holy Woman Olympias (Olympiada) the Deaconess of Constantinople, Commemorated on July 25; Hieromartyr Hermolaus at Nicomedia, Commemorated July 26 ; Greatmartyr and Healer Panteleimon, Commemorated July 27 ; Martyr Theodota in Bithynia, Commemorated on July 29; Righteous Nonna the mother of St Gregory the Theologian, Commemorated on August 5; Martyr Anicetus of Nicomedia, Commemorated on August 12 ; Translation of the relics of St Maximus the Confessor, Commemorated on August 13; Martyr Diomedes the Physician of Tarsus, in Cilicia, Commemorated on August 16; Martyr Straton of Nicomedia, Commemorated on August 17 ; Martyr Thyrsus at Caesarea, in Bithynia, Commemorated August 17 ; Venerable Macarius the Monk of Pelekete, Commemorated on August 18 ; Martyr Bassa of Edessa, and her sons, Commemorated on August 21; Martyr Agathonicus of Nicomedia, and others who suffered under Maximian, Commemorated on August 22; Martyr Tation (Tatio) of Claudiopolis, Commemorated on August 24; Martyr Adrian of Nicomedia, Commemorated on August 26 ; St Alexander the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on August 30; Martyr Callista with her brothers at Nicomedia, Commemorated September 1 ; Hieromartyr Anthimus the Bishop of Nicomedia, Commemorated on September 3; Martyr Basilissa of Nicomedia, Commemorated on September 3; Martyr Theophilus the Deacon of Nicomedia, Commemorated September 3 ; Martyr Theodore of Nicomedia, Commemorated September 4 ; Martyr Urban and 79 Companions at Nicomedia, Commemorated September 5 ; Venerable Luke the Abbot, Near Constantinople, Commemorated on September 7; Martyr Menodora at Nicomedia, Commemorated on September 10 ; St Peter Bishop of Nicea, Commemorated September 10 ; Venerable Paul the Obedient, of the Kiev Caves, Commemorated on September 10; St Coronatus the Bishop of Nicomedia, Commemorated September 12 ; Hieromartyr Autonomus the Bishop in Italy, Commemorated September 12 ; St Philotheus the Presbyter in Asia Minor, Commemorated on September 15; Greatmartyr Euphemia the All-praised, Commemorated on September 16 ; Venerable Dorotheus the Hermit of Egypt, Commemorated on September 16 ; Martyr Theodota at Nicea, Commemorated on September 17 ; Venerable Athanasius of Medikion Monastery, Commemorated on October 26 ; St Philotheus the Presbyter in Asia Minor ; Venerable Athanasius of Medikion Monastery ; Venerable Joannicius the Great, Commemorated on November 4 ; Venerable Theodore the Confessor the Abbot of the Studion, Commemorated on November 11 ; St Proclus the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated on November 20 ; Monkmartyr and Confessor Stephen the New of Mt St Auxentius, Commemorated November 28 ; Martyr Anna, Commemorated November 28 ; Martyr Paramon in Bithynia, Commemorated on November 29 ; 16Venerable Thomas of Bithynia, Commemorated December 10 ; Venerable Luke the New Stylite of Chalcedon, Commemorated on December 11; St Spyridon the Wonderworker and Bishop of Tremithus, Commemorated December 12 ; Martyr Thyrsus of Apollonia, Commemorated December 14 ; Virginmartyr Juliana of Nicomedia, Commemorated on December 21 ; Martyr Theodota who suffered under Diocletian, Commemorated December 22 ; St Paul the Bishop of Neocaesarea, Commemorated December 23 ; Venerable Theodore Graptus, "the branded," Confessor, Commemorated December 27 ; 20,000 Martyrs of Nicomedia, Commemorated December 28 ; Martyr Philetairus of Nicomedia, Commemorated December 30 ; Apostle Prochorus the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Apollos of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Hieromartyr Theopemptus the Bishop of Nicomedia, Commemorated January 5 ; Venerable Syncletica of Alexandria, Commemorated on January 5 ; Synaxis of the Holy Glorious Prophet, Forerunner and Baptist John, Commemorated January 7 ; St Eustratius the Wonderworker, Commemorated on January 9 ; Venerable Stephen the Abbot of Chenolaklos Monastery, Near Chalcedon, Commemorated January 14 ; Venerable John Calabytes "the Hut-Dweller", Commemorated January 15 ; St Athanasius the Great the Archbishop of Alexandria, Commemorated on January 18 ; Virginmartyr Euphrasia of Nicomedia, Commemorated January 19 ; Martyr Bassus at Nicomedia, Commemorated January 20 ; Martyr Neophytus of Nicea, Commemorated January 21; Monkmartyr Anastasius the Persian, Commemorated January 22 ; Hieromartyr Clement the Bishop of Ancyra, Commemorated on January 23 ; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated on January 28 ; Martyr Tryphon of Campsada Near Apamea in Syria, Commemorated on February 1 ; Venerable Vendemianus the Hermit of Bithynia, Commemorated February 1 ; 1,003 Martyrs of Nicomedia,Commemorated February 7 ; Icon of the Mother of God "Iveron", Commemorated February 12 ; Venerable Mary (who was called Marinus), and her father at Alexandria, Commemorated February 12 ; Venerable Auxentius of Bithynia, Commemorated February 14; St Leo the Great the Pope of Rome, Commemorated on February 18 ; Martyr Victor of Phrygia, Commemorated on February 18; St Agapitus the Confessor the Bishop of Synnada in Phrygia, Commemorated February 18; St Eustathius the Archbishop of Antioch, Commemorated on February 21; Venerable Timothy of Symbola in Bithynia, Commemorated February 21 ; St Athanasius the Confessor of Constantinople, Commemorated February 22 ; St Tarasius the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated on February 25; Repose of St Raphael the Bishop of Brooklyn, Commemorated on February 27; Hieromartyr Proterius the Patriarch of Alexandria, Commemorated on February 28 ; Martyr Eudokia of Heliopolis, Commemorated on March 1; St Hesychius the Faster of Bithynia, Commemorated on March 5; St Paul the Confessor the Bishop of Plusias in Bithynia, Commemorated on March 7; Hieromartyr Capiton of Cherson, Commemorated on March 7 ; St Theophylactus the Bishop of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 8; Martyr Urpasianus of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 9 ; Martyr Quadratus and the rest of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 10; St Sophronius the Patriarch of Jerusalem, Commemorated on March 11; Venerable Theophanes the Confessor of Sigriane, Commemorated on March 12; CYRIL OF JERUSALEM, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (18 MAR 386); Venerable Aninas of the Euphrates, Commemorated on March 18; Martyr Trophimus of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 18 ; Martyr Pancharius at Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 19; St Nicetas the Confessor the Archbishop of Apollonias in Bithynia, Commemorated on March 20; Venerable John the Clairvoyant, Anchorite, of Egypt, Commemorated on March 27; Venerable Hilarion the New the Abbot of Pelecete, Commemorated on March 28; Venerable Stephen the Wonderworker the Abbot of Tryglia, Commemorated on March 28; St Eustathius (Eustace) the Confessor, Bishop of Bithynia, Commemorated on March 29 ; Appearance of the Iveron Icon of the Mother of God, Commemorated on March 31; St Hypatius the Wonderworker and Bishop of Gangra, Commemorated on March 31; Venerable Hypatius the Abbot of Rufinus in Chalcedon, Commemorated on March 31; Venerable Macarius the Abbot of Pelecete, Commemorated on April 1; Venerable Nicetas the Confessor the Abbot of Medikion, Commemorated on April 3; St Plato the Confessor of Studion, Commemorated on April 5; St Methodius, Equal of the Apostles and Archbishop of Moravia, Enlightener of the Slavs, Commemorated on April 6; Hieromartyr Zeno the Bishop of Verona, Commemorated on April 12; Martyr Victor of Nicomedia, Commemorated on April 18; St Cosmas the Bishop of Chalcedon, Commemorated on April 18; Martyr Christopher at Nicomedia, Commemorated on April 19; Venerable Nicephorus the Abbot of Catabad, Commemorated on April 19; Martyr Isaac of Nicomedia, Commemorated on April 21; Greatmartyr, Victory-bearer and Wonderworker George, Commemorated on April 23; Martyr Eusebius and Others, at Nicomedia, Commemorated on April 24; MARTYRS OF ARMENIA, 24 April 1915 ; New Martyr Argyra, Commemorated on April 30; New Martyr Ignatius the Martyr of Mt Athos, Commemorated on May 1; Right-believing Tamara, Queen of Georgia, Commemorated on May 1; ATHANASIUS, BISHOP OF ALEXANDRIA, THEOLOGIAN, DOCTOR (2 MAY 373); St Athanasius the Great the Patriarch of Alexandria, Commemorated on May 2 ; St Michael of Ulompo, Georgia, Commemorated on May 3 ; Commemoration of the Apparition of the Sign of the Precious Cross Over Jerusalem, in 351 AD, Commemorated on May 7; St John Zedazneli of Zaden, in Georgia with his 12 Disciples, Commemorated on May 7; GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (9 MAY 389); Equal of the Apostles and Teacher of the Slavs, Methodius, Commemorated on May 11; St Epiphanius the Bishop of Cyprus, Commemorated on May 12; St Germanus the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on May 12; St Euthymius of Athos the translator, Commemorated on May 13; St Achilles the Bishop of Larissa, Commemorated on May 15 ; Martyr Solochon at Chalcedon, Commemorated on May 17; Hieromartyr Patrick the Bishop of Prusa with his companions, Commemorated on May 19; Equal of the Apostles and Emperor Constantine with his Mother Helen, Commemorated on May 21; St Michael the Confessor the Bishop of Synnada, Commemorated on May 23; St Nicetas the Bishop of Chalcedon, Commemorated on May 28; Martyr Lucillian and those who suffered with him at Byzantium Commemorated on June 3 EPHREM OF EDESSA, DEACON AND HYMN-WRITER (10 JUNE 373); Apostle Barnabas of the Seventy, Commemorated on June 11 ; St (John) Tornike of Mt Athos, Commemorated on June 12; St Anna and Her Son of Constantinople, Commemorated on June 13; St Anna and Her Son of Constantinople, Commemorated on June 13; BASIL THE GREAT, BISHOP, THEOLOGIAN (14 JUNE 379); Hieromartyr Eusebius the Bishop of Samosata, Commemorated on June 22; Venerable Peter of Constantinople, Commemorated on July 1; Jacob Riis of WALTER RAUSCHENBUSCH, WASHINGTON GLADDEN, and JACOB RIIS, PROPHETIC WITNESSES, 1918, 1918, 1914, Commemorated July 2; St Anatolius the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on July 3; Uncovering of the relics of the Venerable Sergius of Radonezh, Commemorated on July 5; Venerable Athanasius the Founder of the Great Lavra and Coenobitic Monasticism on Mt. Athos, Commemorated on July 5 ; Martyr Kyriake of Nicomedia, Commemorated on July 7; Martyr Epictetus the Presbyter at Halmyris, Commemorated on July 8;

Great Road from Ephesus thru Colossae to the Euphrates at Melitine

Connecting Rivers Route (Akarcay and Sakarya Rivers)

Bithynia, 284-1413, Bithynia History Folder

Bithynia, 200, 3rd Century Folder, Saints Autonomus and Pantaleon

Bithynia, 284-303, Italian and Bithynian Saint Autonomus, chruch builder, martyr, incorrupt relics
Bithynia, 284-303, Italian and Bithynian Saint Autonomus; Hieromartyr Autonomus the Bishop in Italy, Commemorated on September 12; Hieromartyr Autonomus was a bishop in Italy. During the time of the persecution against Christians under the emperor Diocletian (284-305), Autonomus left his own country and resettled in Bithynia, in the locality of Soreus with a man named Cornelius. Saint Autonomus did his apostolic duty with zeal and converted to Christ so many pagans, that a large Church was formed, for which he consecrated a temple in the name of the Archangel Michael. For this church, the saint at first ordained Cornelius as deacon, and then presbyter. Preaching about Christ, Saint Autonomus visited also Lykaonia and Isauria. emperor Diocletian gave orders to arrest Saint Autonomus, but the saint withdrew to Claudiopolis on the Black Sea. In returning to Soreus, he had the priest Cornelius ordained bishop. Saint Autonomus then went to Asia, and when he had returned from there, he began to preach in the vicinity of Limna, near Soreus. the newly-converted destroyed a pagan temple. The pagans decided to take revenge on the Christians. Seizing their chance, the pagans rushed upon the church of the Archangel Michael when Saint Autonomus was serving Divine Liturgy there. After torturing Saint Autonomus they killed him, reddening the altar of the church with his martyr’s blood. The deaconess Maria removed the body of the holy martyr from beneath a pile of stones and buried it. the reign of Saint Constantine the Great, a church was built over the tomb of the saint. In the year 430, a certain priest had the old church pulled down. Not realizing that the martyr’s body had been buried beneath the church, he rebuilt the church in a new spot. But after another 60 years the relics of the saint were found incorrupt, and a church was then built in the name of the Hieromartyr Autonomus.

Bithynia, 284-305, Saint, Panteleimon, Healer, dead child in street, snake, envious doctors, healing contest
Nicomedia; Bithynia, 284-305, Saint, Panteleimon, Healer; Greatmartyr and Healer Panteleimon, Commemorated on July 27; Great Martyr and Healer Panteleimon was born in the city of Nicomedia into the family of the illustrious pagan Eustorgius, and he was named Pantoleon. His mother Saint Euboula (March 30) was a Christian. She wanted to raise her son in the Christian Faith, but she died when the future martyr was just a young child. His father sent Pantoleon to a pagan school, after which the young man studied medicine at Nicomedia under the renowned physician Euphrosynus. Pantoleon came to the attention of the emperor Maximian (284-305), who wished to appoint him as royal physician when he finished his schooling. hieromartyrs Hermolaus, Hermippus and Hermocrates, survivors of the massacre of 20,000 Christians in 303 (December 28), were living secretly in Nicomedia at that time. Saint Hermolaus saw Pantoleon time and again when he came to the house where they were hiding. Once, the priest invited the youth to the house and spoke about the Christian Faith. After this Pantoleon visited Saint Hermolaus every day. day the saint found a dead child on the street. He had been bitten by a great snake, which was still beside the child’s body. Pantoleon began to pray to the Lord Jesus Christ to revive the dead child and to destroy the venomous reptile. He firmly resolved that if his prayer were fulfilled, he would become a follower of Christ and receive Baptism. The child rose up alive, and the snake died before Pantoleon’s eyes. this miracle, Pantoleon was baptized by Saint Hermolaus with the name Panteleimon (meaning “all-merciful”). Speaking with Eustorgius, Saint Panteleimon prepared him to accept Christianity. When the father saw how his son healed a blind man by invoking Jesus Christ, he then believed in Christ and was baptized by Saint Hermolaus together with the man whose sight was restored. the death of his father, Saint Panteleimon dedicated his life to the suffering, the sick, the unfortunate and the needy. He treated all those who turned to him without charge, healing them in the name of Jesus Christ. He visited those held captive in prison. These were usually Christians, and he healed them of their wounds. In a short time, reports of the charitable physician spread throughout the city. Forsaking the other doctors, the inhabitants began to turn only to Saint Panteleimon. envious doctors told the emperor that Saint Panteleimon was healing Christian prisoners. Maximian urged the saint to refute the charge by offering sacrifice to idols. Saint Panteleimon confessed himself a Christian, and suggested that a sick person, for whom the doctors held out no hope, should be brought before the emperor. Then the doctors could invoke their gods, and Panteleimon would pray to his God to heal the man. A man paralyzed for many years was brought in, and pagan priests who knew the art of medicine invoked their gods without success. Then, before the very eyes of the emperor, the saint healed the paralytic by calling on the name of Jesus Christ. The ferocious Maximian executed the healed man, and gave Saint Panteleimon over to fierce torture. Lord appeared to the saint and strengthened him before his sufferings. They suspended the Great Martyr Panteleimon from a tree and scraped him with iron hooks, burned him with fire and then stretched him on the rack, threw him into a cauldron of boiling tar, and cast him into the sea with a stone around his neck. Throughout these tortures the martyr remained unhurt, and denounced the emperor. this time the priests Hermolaus, Hermippus and Hermocrates were brought before the court of the pagans. All three confessed their faith in the Savior and were beheaded (July 26). order of the emperor they brought the Great Martyr Panteleimon to the circus to be devoured by wild beasts. The animals, however, came up to him and licked his feet. The spectators began to shout, “Great is the God of the Christians!” The enraged Maximian ordered the soldiers to stab with the sword anyone who glorified Christ, and to cut off the head of the Great Martyr Panteleimon. led the saint to the place of execution and tied him to an olive tree. While the martyr prayed, one of the soldiers struck him with a sword, but the sword became soft like wax and inflicted no wound. The saint completed his prayer, and a Voice was heard from Heaven, calling the passion-bearer by his new name and summoning him to the heavenly Kingdom. the Voice, the soldiers fell down on their knees before the holy martyr and begged forgiveness. They refused to continue with the execution, but Saint Panteleimon told them to fulfill the emperor’s command, because otherwise they would have no share with him in the future life. The soldiers tearfully took their leave of the saint with a kiss. the saint was beheaded, the olive tree to which the saint was tied became covered with fruit. Many who were present at the execution believed in Christ. The saint’s body was thrown into a fire, but remained unharmed, and was buried by Christians. Saint Panteleimon’s servants Laurence, Bassos and Probus witnessed his execution and heard the Voice from Heaven. They recorded the life, the sufferings and death of the saint. of the holy relics of the Great Martyr Panteleimon were distributed throughout all the Christian world. His venerable head is now located at the Russian monastery of Saint Panteleimon on Mt. Athos. veneration of the holy martyr in the Russian Orthodox Church was already known in the twelfth century. Prince Izyaslav (in Baptism, Panteleimon), the son of Saint Mstislav the Great, had an image of Saint Panteleimon on his helmet. Through the intercession of the saint he remained alive during a battle in the year 1151. On the Feast of the Great Martyr Panteleimon, Russian forces won two naval victories over the Swedes (in 1714 near Hanhauze and in 1720 near Grenham). Panteleimon is venerated in the Orthodox Church as a mighty saint, and the protector of soldiers. This aspect of his veneration is derived from his first name Pantoleon, which means “a lion in everything”. His second name, Panteleimon, given him at Baptism, which means “all-merciful”, is manifest in the veneration of the martyr as a healer. The connection between these two aspects of the saint is readily apparent in that soldiers, receiving wounds more frequently than others, are more in need of a physician-healer. Christians waging spiritual warfare also have recourse to this saint, asking him to heal their spiritual wounds. holy Great Martyr and Healer Panteleimon is invoked in the Mystery of Anointing the Sick, at the Blessing of Water, and in the Prayers for the Sick. Martyr Anicetus of Nicomedia, Commemorated on August 12; Martyr Diomedes the Physician of Tarsus, in Cilicia, Commemorated on August 16; Martyr Straton of Nicomedia, Commemorated August 17 ; Martyr Kyriake of Nicomedia; Martyr Agathonicus of Nicomedia, and others who suffered under Maximian, Commemorated on August 22; Martyr Adrian of Nicomedia, Commemorated on August 26 ; St Alexander the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on August 30; Martyr Callista with her brothers at Nicomedia, Commemorated September 1 ; 3,628 Martyrs who suffered at Nicomedia, Commemorated September 2 ; Hieromartyr Anthimus the Bishop of Nicomedia, Commemorated on September 3; Martyr Theophilus the Deacon of Nicomedia, Commemorated September 3 ; Martyr Basilissa of Nicomedia, Commemorated on September 3; Martyr Babylas of Nicomedia, Commemorated September 4 ; Martyr Theodore of Nicomedia, Commemorated September 4 ; Martyr Urban and 79 Companions at Nicomedia, Commemorated September 5 ; Martyr Menodora at Nicomedia, Commemorated on September 10 ; St Coronatus the Bishop of Nicomedia, Commemorated September 12 ; Hieromartyr Cyprian of Nicomedia, Commemorated on October 2 ; 20,000 Martyrs of Nicomedia, Commemorated on December 28 ; Martyr Callisthene and her father Audactus of Ephesus ; Martyr Eulampius at Nicomedia, Commemorated October 10 ; 200 Martyrs with Eulampius and Eulampia at Nicomedia, Commemorated October 10 ; Martyr Lucian the Presbyter of Antioch, Commemorated on October 15 ; Martyr Dasius at Nicomedia, Commemorated on October 21; St Paul the Confessor the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated on November 6 ; Virginmartyr Juliana of Nicomedia, Commemorated on December 21 ; The Nativity of our Lord God and Savior Jesus Christ; Afterfeast of the Nativity of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, Commemorated December 28; 20,000 Martyrs of Nicomedia, Commemorated December 28 ; Martyr Philetairus of Nicomedia, Commemorated December 30 ; Apostle Prochorus the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Hieromartyr Theopemptus the Bishop of Nicomedia, Commemorated January 5 ; Venerable Syncletica of Alexandria, Commemorated on January 5 ; Virginmartyr Euphrasia of Nicomedia, Commemorated January 19 ; Martyr Bassus at Nicomedia, Commemorated January 20 ; Hieromartyr Clement the Bishop of Ancyra, Commemorated on January 23 ; 1,003 Martyrs of Nicomedia,Commemorated February 7 ; St Athanasius the Confessor of Constantinople, Commemorated February 22 ; St Theophylactus the Bishop of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 8; Theophylactus lived at Constantinople in the eighth century during the time of the Iconoclast heresy. After the death of the iconoclast emperor Leo IV the Khazar (775-780), Emperor Constantine VI (780-797) ascended the throne. At the same time, the holy Patriarch Paul (August 30), not having the strength to continue guiding the flock in the face of iconoclasm, voluntarily resigned his office (784). Saint Tarasius (February 25) was chosen in his place. At that time, he was an eminent imperial counselor. Under the supervision of the new Patriarch the Seventh Ecumenical Council (787) was convened to condemn the Iconoclast heresy. A relatively peaceful time began for the Church, and monasteries again began to fill with monks. Theophylactus, a gifted disciple of Saint Tarasius, with the blessing of the Patriarch, went to a monastery on the coast of the Black Sea with Saint Michael (May 23). The zealous ascetics by their God-pleasing labors and intense prayer were granted the gift of wonderworking by God. During a drought, when the workers in the field were weakened by thirst, the saints prayed and an empty vessel became filled with enough water to last the entire day. several years in the monastery, they were both consecrated as bishops by Patriarch Tarasius. Saint Michael was made Bishop of Synada, and Saint Theophylactus was made Bishop of Nicomedia. the Church of Nicomedia, Saint Theophylactus cared for the flock entrusted to him. He built churches, hospices, homes for wanderers, he generously distributed alms, was the guardian of orphans, widows and the sick, and personally attended those afflicted with leprosy, not hesitating to wash their wounds. the iconoclast Leo the Armenian (813-820) came to the imperial throne, the terrible heresy burst forth with renewed strength. the iconoclast emperor was not able to influence Saint Nicephorus (June 2), the successor of Patriarch Tarasius, who with the other bishops vainly urged Leo not to destroy the peace of the Church. Saint Theophylactus was present at the negotiations of the emperor with the Patriarch. Denouncing the heretics, Saint Theophylactus predicted a speedy death for Leo the Armenian. For his bold prophecy the saint was sent into exile to the fortress Strobil (in Asia Minor). He languished for thirty years until his death, which took place around the year 845. the restoration of icon-veneration in the year 847 under the empress Saint Theodora (February 11) and her son Michael, the holy relics of Saint Theophylactus were returned to Nicomedia. Martyr Urpasianus of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 9 ; Martyr Quadratus and the rest of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 10; Martyr Trophimus of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 18; Martyr Pancharius at Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 19; St Plato the Confessor of Studion, Commemorated on April 5; Martyr Victor of Nicomedia, Commemorated on April 18; Martyr Christopher at Nicomedia, Commemorated on April 19; Martyr Isaac of Nicomedia, Commemorated on April 21; Greatmartyr, Victory-bearer and Wonderworker George, Commemorated on April 23; Martyr Eusebius and Others, at Nicomedia, Commemorated on April 24; ATHANASIUS, BISHOP OF ALEXANDRIA, THEOLOGIAN, DOCTOR (2 MAY 373); St Michael the Confessor the Bishop of Synnada, Commemorated on May 23; Martyr Lucillian and those who suffered with him at Byzantium, Commemorated on June 3; Martyr Kyriake of Nicomedia, Commemorated on July 7;

Bithynia, 300, 4th Century Folder, Great Martyr George and First E Council

Bithynia, 301-311, Martyrs Menodora, Metrodora, and Nymphodora
Bithynia, 300-311, Martyrs Menodora, Metrodora, and Nymphodora; Great Martyr George, died in Nicomedia, 303; Martyr Menodora at Nicomedia, Commemorated on September 10; St Theodore the Sykeote the Bishop of Anastasiopolis, Commemorated on April 22 ;

Bithynia, 303-320, 9yr old Martyr Basilissa of Nicomedia, tortured, her firmness converted Gov Alex
Nicomedia; Martyr Basilissa of Nicomedia, Commemorated on September 3; Martyr Basilissa of Nicomedia suffered for her faith in Christ under the emperor Diocletian. The Nicomedia governor Alexander gave orders to arrest the nine-year-old Basilissa and force her to renounce Christ. But the young maiden displayed unshakable firmness in fidelity to her Lord, and so she was subjected to protracted and intense torture. the grace of God, the holy martyr remained alive and unharmed. This was evident to all those present as a manifestation of the power of God, and it so upset the governor Alexander, that he also came to believe in Christ and confessed himself a Christian. later by Bishop Anthimus, he lived for a short while in deep repentance, and then departed peacefully to the Lord, as did Saint Basilissa some while after him. Her death was peaceful and accompanied by miraculous signs of God’s mercy.

Bithynia, 303, Great Martyr George, died in Nicomedia, 303
Great Martyr George, died in Nicomedia, 303; St Theodore the Sykeote the Bishop of Anastasiopolis, Commemorated on April 22 ;

Bithynia, 303, Church Fire in Nicomedia, 20K died, Survivors, Hieromartyr Hermolaus and Martyrs Hermippus and Hermocrates
Bithynia, 303, Church Fire in Nicomedia, Survivors, Hieromartyr Hermolaus and Martyrs Hermippus and Hermocrates; Nicomedia; Hieromartyr Hermolaus and Martyrs Hermippus and Hermocrates at Nicomedia, Commemorated on July 26; Hermolaus, Hermippus and Hermocrates of Nicomedia, were among the small number of those remaining alive after 20,000 Christians were burned alive in a church at Nicomedia in the year 303 (December 28), on the orders of the emperor Maximian (284-305). They lived in remote places and did not cease to preach Christianity to the pagans. young pagan named Pantoleon (Holy Great Martyr Panteleimon, July 27) often passed by the house in which Saint Hermolaus had concealed himself. Once Saint Hermolaus chanced to meet the youth and asked him to stop by his house. In their conversation Saint Hermolaus began to explain to his guest the falseness, impiety and vanity of worshipping the pagan gods. From that day on, Pantoleon began to visit Saint Hermolaus daily and received holy Baptism from him. the trial of the holy Great Martyr Panteleimon was being held, Saints Hermolaus, Hermippus and Hermocrates, were also arrested. The Lord Jesus Christ appeared to Saint Hermolaus one evening and revealed to him that on the following day he would suffer for Him and receive a martyr’s crown. Hermippus and Hermocrates were arrested and brought to trial after Saint Hermolaus. All three were given the chance to deny Christ and offer sacrifice to idols. But they resolutely refused, confessed their faith in the Lord Jesus Christ and were prepared gladly to die for Him. pagans began to threaten the holy priests with torture and death. Suddenly, a strong earthquake occurred, and the idols and pagan temple collapsed and shattered. This was reported to the emperor. The enraged Maximian gave the holy martyrs over to torture and pronounced upon them a sentence of death. Bravely enduring all the torments, the holy Hieromartyrs Hermolaus, Hermippus and Hermocrates were beheaded in about the year 305. Holy Woman Olympias (Olympiada) the Deaconess of Constantinople, Commemorated on July 25; the banishment of Saint John Chrysostom, someone set fire to a large church, and after this a large part of the city burned down. the supporters of Saint John Chrysostom came under suspicion of arson, and they were summoned for interrogation. They summoned Saint Olympias to trial, rigorously interrogating her. They fined her a large sum of money for the crime of arson, despite her innocence and a lack of evidence against her. After this the saint left Constantinople and set out to Kyzikos (on the Sea of Marmara). But her enemies did not cease their persecution. In the year 405 they sentenced her to prison at Nicomedia, where the saint underwent much grief and deprivation. Saint John Chrysostom wrote to her from his exile, consoling her in her sorrow. In the year 409 Saint Olympias entered into eternal rest. 20,000 Martyrs of Nicomedia, Commemorated on December 28 ; Holy 20,000 Martyrs of Nicomedia: At the beginning of the fourth century the emperor Maximian (284-305) gave orders to destroy Christian churches, to burn service books, and to deprive all Christians of rights and privileges of citizenship. At this time the bishop of the city of Nicomedia was Saint Cyril, who by his preaching and life contributed to the spread of Christianity, so that many members of the emperor’s court were also secret Christians. pagan priestess Domna was living in the palace at that time. Providentially, she obtained a copy of the Acts of the Apostles and the Epistles of Saint Paul. Her heart burned with the desire to learn more about the Christian teaching. With the help of a young Christian girl, Domna went secretly to Bishop Anthimus (Cyril’s successor) with her faithful servant, the eunuch Indes. Saint Anthimus catechized them, and both received holy Baptism. began to help the poor: she gave away her valuables with the assistance of Indes, and she also distributed food from the imperial kitchen. The chief eunuch, who was in charge of provisions for the imperial household, found out that Domna and Indes were not eating the food sent them from the emperor’s table. He had them beaten in order to find out why they did not partake of the food, but they remained silent. Another eunuch informed him that the saints were distributing all the emperor’s gifts to the poor. He locked them up in prison to exhaust them with hunger, but they received support from an angel and did not suffer. Saint Domna feigned insanity so she wouldn’t have to live among the pagans. Then she and Indes managed to leave the court, and she went to a women’s monastery. Abbess Agatha quickly dressed her in men’s clothing, cut her hair and sent her off from the monastery. this time the emperor returned from battle and ordered that a search be made for the former pagan priestess Domna. The soldiers sent for this purpose found the monastery and destroyed it. The sisters were thrown into prison, subjected to torture and abuse, but not one of them suffered defilement. Sent to a house of iniquity, Saint Theophila was able to preserve her virginity with the help of an angel of the Lord. The angel led her from the brothel and brought her to the cathedral. this time the emperor cleared the city square to offer sacrifice to the pagan gods. When they began sprinkling the crowd with the blood of the sacrificial animals, Christians started to leave the square. Seeing this, the emperor became enraged, but in the middle of his rantings a great thunderstorm sprang up. People fled in panic, and the emperor had to retreat to the palace for his own safety. Maximian went to the church with soldiers and told them they could escape punishment if they renounced Christ. Otherwise, he promised to burn the church and those in it. The Christian presbyter Glycerius told him that Christians would never renounce their faith, even under the threat of torture. Hiding his anger, the emperor exited the church, and a short time later commanded the presbyter Glycerius be arrested for trial. The executioners tortured the martyr, who did not cease to pray and to call on the Name of the Lord. Unable to force Saint Glycerius stop confessing Christ, Maximian ordered him to be burned to death. the Feast of the Nativity of Christ in the year 302, when about 20,000 Christians had assembled at the cathedral in Nicomedia, the emperor sent a herald into the church. He told the Christians that soldiers were surrounding the building, and that anyone who wished to leave had to offer sacrifice to the pagan gods. Anyone who defied the emperor would perish when the soldiers set fire to the church. All those present refused to worship the idols. the pagans prepared to set fire to the church, Bishop Anthimus, baptized all the catechumens and communed everyone with the Holy Mysteries. All 20,000 of those praying died in the fire. Among them were the abbess Agatha and Saint Theophila who had been saved from the den of iniquity by a miracle. Bishop Anthimus, however, managed to escape the fire. thought that he had exterminated all the Christians of Nicomedia. He soon learned that there were many more, and that they would confess their faith and were prepared to die for Christ. The emperor wondered how to deal with them. At his command they arrested the regimental commander Zeno, who was openly criticizing the emperor for his impiety and cruelty. Zeno was fiercely beaten and finally beheaded. They jailed the eunuch Indes, formerly a priest of the idols, for refusing to participate in a pagan festival. persecution against Christians continued. Dorotheus, Mardonius, Migdonius the deacon and others were thrown into prison. Bishop Anthimus encouraged them by sending letters to them. One of the messengers, the Deacon Theophilus, was captured. They subjected him to torture, trying to learn where the bishop was hiding. The holy martyr endured everything, while revealing nothing. Then they executed him and also those whom the bishop had addressed in his letter. Though they were executed in different ways, they all showed the same courage and received their crowns from God. weeks, Saint Domna concealed herself within a cave and sustained herself by eating plants. When she returned to the city, she wept for a long time at the ruins of the church, regretting that she was not found worthy to die with the others. That night she went to the sea shore. At that moment fishermen pulled the bodies of the martyrs Indes, Gorgonius and Peter from the water in their nets. Domna was still dressed in men’s clothing, and she helped the fishermen to draw in their nets. They left her the bodies of the martyrs. With reverence she looked after the holy relics and wept over them, especially over the body of her spiritual friend, the Martyr Indes. giving them an honorable burial, she did not depart from these graves so dear to her heart. Each day she burned incense before them, sprinkling them with fragrant oils. When the emperor was told of an unknown youth who offered incense at the graves of executed Christians, he gave orders to behead the youth. The Martyr Euthymius was also executed along with Domna.

Bithynia, 325, First Ecumenical Council, Nicaea, Bythnia
Bithynia, 325, First Ecumenical Council, Nicaea, Bythnia ; Righteous Nonna the mother of St Gregory the Theologian, Commemorated on August 5; St Hosius the Confessor the Bishop of Cordova, Commemorated August 27 ; St Alexander the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on August 30 ; Martyr Polychronius the Presbyter, Commemorated on October 7 ; St Hypatius of Gangra, Commemorated on November 16 ; Martyr Sisinius the Bishop of Cyzicus, Commemorated on November 23 ; NICHOLAS OF MYRA, FRIEND OF CHILDREN, GIVER OF GIFTS, CLIMBER OF CHIMNEYS, ETC. (6 DEC 326); St Nicholas the Wonderworker and Archbishop of Myra in Lycia, Commemorated December 6; St Spyridon the Wonderworker and Bishop of Tremithus, Commemorated on December 12 ; St Paul the Bishop of Neocaesarea, Commemorated December 23 ; St James the Bishop of Nisibis, Commemorated on January 13 ; St Athanasius the Great the Archbishop of Alexandria, Commemorated on January 18 ; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated on January 28 ; St Eustathius the Archbishop of Antioch, Commemorated February 21 ; Hieromartyr Capiton of Cherson, Commemorated on March 7 ; CYRIL OF JERUSALEM, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (18 MAR 386); St Hypatius the Wonderworker and Bishop of Gangra, Commemorated on March 31 ; Hieromartyr Zeno the Bishop of Verona, Commemorated on April 12; ATHANASIUS, BISHOP OF ALEXANDRIA, THEOLOGIAN, DOCTOR (2 MAY 373); St Athanasius the Great the Patriarch of Alexandria, Commemorated on May 2; Commemoration of the Apparition of the Sign of the Precious Cross Over Jerusalem, in 351 AD, Commemorated on May 7; GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (9 MAY 389); St Achilles the Bishop of Larissa, Commemorated on May 15 ; Equal of the Apostles and Emperor Constantine with his Mother Helen, Commemorated on May 21; St Metrophanes the first Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on June 4; EPHREM OF EDESSA, DEACON AND HYMN-WRITER (10 JUNE 373); BASIL THE GREAT, BISHOP, THEOLOGIAN (14 JUNE 379); Hieromartyr Eusebius the Bishop of Samosata, Commemorated on June 22;

Bithynia, 386-446, Saint, Hypatius of Bithynia
Bithynia, 386-446, Saint, Hypatius of Bithynia; Venerable Hypatius the Abbot of Rufinus in Chalcedon, Commemorated on March 31;

Bithynia, 388-430, Bithynian Historian and Bishop, Palladius
Bithynian Historian and Bishop, 388-430, Palladius; Venerable Dorotheus the Hermit of Egypt, Commemorated on September 16; Venerable John the Clairvoyant, Anchorite, of Egypt, Commemorated on March 27;

Bithynia, 400, 5th Century Folder, Mt St Auxentius, Earthquakes, 4th E Council

Bithynia, 420-473, Saint Ausentius, Mt St Auxentius of Bithynia
Mt St Auxentius of Bithynia; Martyr Anna, Commemorated on November 28 ; Monkmartyr and Confessor Stephen the New of Mt St Auxentius, Commemorated on November 28; Venerable Auxentius of Bithynia, Commemorated February 14;

Bithynia, 420-450, Hypatius of Bithynia, Mt St Auxentius of Bithynia
Bithynia, 420-450, Hypatius of Bithynia, Mt St Auxentius of Bithynia; Mt St Auxentius of Bithynia; Venerable Auxentius of Bithynia, Commemorated February 14;

Bithynia, 434-447, Devastating Earthquakes throughout B. Empire, boy snatched up, Angels' Trisagion Prayer
Constantinople, 434-447, Devastating Earthquakes throughout B. Empire, Trisagion Prayer; Constantinople Patriarch, 434-446, Proclus of Constantinople; St Proclus the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated on November 20; Proclus, Archbishop of Constantinople, from his early years devoted all his time to prayer and the study of Holy Scripture. Lord granted him the great good fortune to be a disciple of Saint John Chrysostom (November 13), who at first ordained him as a deacon, and then to the holy priesthood. witnessed the appearance of the Apostle Paul to Saint John Chrysostom. Saint Proclus received from his teacher a profound understanding of Holy Scripture, and learned to elucidate his thoughts in a polished form. the exile and death of Saint John Chrysostom, the holy Patriarch of Constantinople Sisinius (426-427) consecrated Saint Proclus as bishop of the city of Kyzikos, but under the influence of Nestorian heretics he was expelled by his flock there. Proclus then returned to the capital and preached the Word of God in the churches of Constantinople, strengthening listeners in the Orthodox Faith and denouncing the impiety of the heretics. once preached a sermon before Nestorius in which he fearlessly defended the title “Theotokosâ€ in speaking of the holy Virgin. the death of the Patriarch Saint Sisinius, Saint Proclus was chosen to take his place. Having thus been made Patriarch of Constantinople, he guided the Church over the course of twelve years (434-447). By the efforts of Saint Proclus, the relics of Saint John Chrysostom were transferred from Comana to Constantinople in the time of the holy emperor Saint Theodosius II (408-450). Saint Proclus was Patriarch, the Empire suffered destructive earthquakes, lasting for several months. At Bithynia, in the Hellespont, and in Phrygia cities were devastated, rivers disappeared from the face of the earth, and terrible flooding occurred in previously dry places. people of Constantinople came out of the city with the patriarch and emperor at their head and offered prayers for an end to the unprecedented calamities. one prayer service, a boy from the crowd was snatched up into the air by an unseen force and carried up to such a height that he was no longer to be seen by human eyes. Then, whole and unharmed, the child was lowered to the ground and he reported that he heard and he saw the angels glorifying God singing: “Holy God, Holy Mighty, Holy Immortal.â€ the people began to sing this Trisagion Prayer, adding to it the refrain, “Have mercy on us!â€ Then the earthquakes stopped. The Orthodox Church sings still this prayer at divine services to this very day. Constantinople flock esteemed their Patriarch for his ascetic life, for his concern about the downtrodden, and for his preaching. works of the saint have survived to the present day. Best known are his discourses against the Nestorians, two tracts of the Saint in praise of the Mother of God, and four tracts on the Nativity of Christ, setting forth the Orthodox teaching about the Incarnation of the Son of God. The activity of the holy patriarch in establishing decorum in all the church affairs gained him universal esteem. Surrounded by love and respect, Saint Proclus departed to the Lord after serving as Patriarch for twenty years.

Bithynia, 451, Fourth Ecumenical Council, Chalcedon, Bithynia, Euphemia's choice of scrolls
Fourth Ecumenical Counci; Greatmartyr Euphemia the All-praised, Commemorated on July 11; the year 451 in the city of Chalcedon, in the very church where the glorified relics of the holy Great Martyr Euphemia rested, the sessions of the Fourth Ecumenical Council (July 16) took place. prolonged discussions the two sides could not come to a decisive agreement. holy Patriarch Anatolius of Constantinople proposed that the Council submit the decision of the Church dispute to the Holy Spirit, through His undoubted bearer Saint Euphemia the All-Praised, whose wonderworking relics had been discovered during the Council’s discussions. The Orthodox hierarchs and their opponents wrote down their confessions of faith on separate scrolls and sealed them with their seals. They opened the tomb of the holy Great Martyr Euphemia and placed both scrolls upon her bosom. Then, in the presence of the emperor Marcian (450-457), the participants of the Council sealed the tomb, putting on it the imperial seal and setting a guard to watch over it for three days. During these days both sides imposed upon themselves strict fast and made intense prayer. After three days the patriarch and the emperor in the presence of the Council opened the tomb with its relics: the scroll with the Orthodox confession was held by Saint Euphemia in her right hand, and the scroll of the heretics lay at her feet. Saint Euphemia, as though alive, raised her hand and gave the scroll to the patriarch. After this miracle many of the hesitant accepted the Orthodox confession, while those remaining obstinant in the heresy were consigned to the Council’s condemnation and excommunication. Miracle of Saint Euphemia the All-Praised: The holy Great Martyr Euphemia (September 16) suffered martyrdom in the city of Chalcedon in the year 304, during the time of the persecution against Christians by the emperor Diocletian (284-305). One and a half centuries later, at a time when the Christian Church had become victorious within the Roman Empire, God deigned that Euphemia the All-Praised should again be a witness and confessor of the purity of the Orthodox teaching. the year 451 in the city of Chalcedon, in the very church where the glorified relics of the holy Great Martyr Euphemia rested, the sessions of the Fourth Ecumenical Council (July 16) took place. The Council was convened for determining the precise dogmatic formulae of the Orthodox Church concerning the nature of the God-Man Jesus Christ. This was necessary because of the widespread heresy of the Monophysites [“mono-physisâ€ meaning “one natureâ€], who opposed the Orthodox teaching of the two natures in Jesus Christ, the Divine and the Human natures (in one Divine Person). The Monophysites falsely affirmed that in Christ was only one nature, the Divine [i.e. that Jesus is God but not man, by nature], causing discord and unrest within the Church. At the Council were present 630 representatives from all the local Christian Churches. On the Orthodox side Anatolius, Patriarch of Constantinople (July 3), Juvenal, Patriarch of Jerusalem (July 2), and representatives of Saint Leo, Pope of Rome (February 18) participated in the conciliar deliberations. The Monophysites were present in large numbers, headed by Dioscorus, the Patriarch of Alexandria, and the Constantinople archimandrite Eutychius. prolonged discussions the two sides could not come to a decisive agreement. holy Patriarch Anatolius of Constantinople proposed that the Council submit the decision of the Church dispute to the Holy Spirit, through His undoubted bearer Saint Euphemia the All-Praised, whose wonderworking relics had been discovered during the Council’s discussions. The Orthodox hierarchs and their opponents wrote down their confessions of faith on separate scrolls and sealed them with their seals. They opened the tomb of the holy Great Martyr Euphemia and placed both scrolls upon her bosom. Then, in the presence of the emperor Marcian (450-457), the participants of the Council sealed the tomb, putting on it the imperial seal and setting a guard to watch over it for three days. During these days both sides imposed upon themselves strict fast and made intense prayer. After three days the patriarch and the emperor in the presence of the Council opened the tomb with its relics: the scroll with the Orthodox confession was held by Saint Euphemia in her right hand, and the scroll of the heretics lay at her feet. Saint Euphemia, as though alive, raised her hand and gave the scroll to the patriarch. After this miracle many of the hesitant accepted the Orthodox confession, while those remaining obstinant in the heresy were consigned to the Council’s condemnation and excommunication. an invasion by the Persians during the seventh century, the relics of Saint Euphemia were transferred from Chalcedon to Constantinople, into a newly built church dedicated to her. Many years later, during the period of the Iconoclast heresy, the reliquary with the relics of the saint was cast into the sea by order of the Iconoclast emperor Leo the Isaurian (716-741). The reliquary was rescued from the sea by the ship-owning brothers Sergius and Sergonos, who gave it over to the local bishop. The holy bishop ordered that the relics be preserved in secret, beneath a crypt, since the Iconoclast heresy was continuing to rage. A small church was built over the relics, and over the reliquary was put a board with an inscription stating whose relics rested within. When the Iconoclast heresy was finally condemned at the holy Seventh Ecumenical Council (in the year 787), during the time of Saint Tarasius, Patriarch of Constantinople (784-806) and the emperor Constantine VI (780-797) and his mother Saint Irene (797-802), the relics of the holy Great Martyr Euphemia were once again solemnly transferred to Constantinople. Translation of the relics of St Maximus the Confessor, Commemorated on August 13; Right-Believing Pulcheria, Byzantine Empress, Commemorated on September 10; Greatmartyr Euphemia the All-praised, Commemorated on September 16 ; Hieromartyr Peter the Archbishop of Alexandria, Commemorated November 25 ; Venerable Euthymius the Great, Commemorated on January 20 ; St Maximus the Confessor, Commemorated January 21 ; Venerable Vendemianus the Hermit of Bithynia, Commemorated February 1 ; Venerable Auxentius of Bithynia, Commemorated February 14; St Leo the Great the Pope of Rome, Commemorated February 18; Hieromartyr Proterius the Patriarch of Alexandria, Commemorated on February 28 ; Apostle Barnabas of the Seventy, Commemorated on June 11; Greatmartyr Euphemia the All-praised, Commemorated on July 11; St Juvenal the Patriarch of Jerusalem, Commemorated on July 2; St Anatolius the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on July 3; Uncovering of the relics of the Venerable Sergius of Radonezh, Commemorated on July 5 ;

Council of Chalcedon (451, 4th Ecum. Council)
Council of Chalcedon Hieromartyr Peter the Archbishop of Alexandria, Commemorated November 25 ;

Bithynia, 600, 7th Century Folder, Hand of Forerunner to Chalcedon after fall of Antioch

Bithynia, 637, Arab Moslem Conquest of Antioch, Iron Bridge Battle
Syria, 637, Arab Moslem Conquest of Antioch, When the Moslems seized Antioch centuries later (in 637), a deacon named Job brought the holy hand of the Forerunner from Antioch to Chalcedon. From there, on the eve of the Theophany of the Lord, it was transferred to Constantinople (956) and kept thereafter. ; Battle of the Iron Bridge; In 637, during the reign of the Byzantine emperor Heraclius, Antioch was conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate during the Battle of the Iron Bridge.;

Bithynia, 700, 8th Century Folder, 7th E. Council, St Joannicius the Great

Bithynia, 772-846, Saint, Joannicius The Great
Bithynia, 772-846, Saint, Joannicius The Great; St. Irene Chrysovolantou, Commemorated on July 28;

Bithynia, 787, Seventh Ecumenical Council, Nicaea, Bythnia, Icons
Bithynia, 787, Seventh Ecumenical Council, Nicaea, Bythnia ; Greatmartyr Euphemia the All-praised, Commemorated on July 11 ; Icon of the Mother of God of Armatia, Commemorated on July 21; Armatia Icon of the Mother of God was in Constantinople at the Armatian monastery. The place where the monastery was located, was called “Armation” or “of the Armatians” and received its name from the military magister Armatios, nephew of the tyrant Basiliscus, and a contemporary of the emperor Zeno (474-491). celebration of the wonderworking icon was established to commemorate deliverance from the Iconoclast heresy. The Seventh Ecumenical Council of 787 drew up dogmatic definitions about icon veneration based on Holy Scripture and Church Tradition. Armatia Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos is commemorated twice during the year, on July 21 and August 17. Icon of the Mother of God of Armatia, Commemorated on August 17; Icon of the Mother of God of Pisidia, Commemorated on September 3; Commemoration of the Miracle of the Icon of Our Lord Jesus Christ in Beret, Commemorated on October 11 ; St Nicetas the Confessor of Paphlagonia, Commemorated on October 13 ; Venerable Theodore the Confessor the Abbot of the Studion; Hieromartyr Euthymius the Bishop of Sardis, Commemorated December 26 ; St Tarasius the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated February 25; St Theophylactus the Bishop of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 8; St Sophronius the Patriarch of Jerusalem (Spiritual Meadow), Commemorated on March 11; Venerable Theophanes the Confessor of Sigriane, Commemorated on March 12; St Plato the Confessor of Studion, Commemorated on April 5; St Epiphanius the Bishop of Cyprus, Commemorated on May 12; St Germanus the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on May 12 ; St Epiphanius the Bishop of Cyprus, Commemorated on May 12; St Michael the Confessor the Bishop of Synnada, Commemorated on May 23; Greatmartyr Euphemia the All-praised, Commemorated on July 11;

Bithynia, 800, 9th Century Folder, Saints Cosmos and Auxentios, Iconodules

Bithynia, 813, Saints Cosmos and Auxentios
Bithynia, 800, 9th Century Folder, Saints Cosmos and Auxentios; Saint Cosmas, Bishop of Chalcedon, and his fellow ascetic, Saint Auxentius Commemorated on April 18 ;

Bithynia, 1000, 11th 14th Century Folder, Sultanate of Rum

Sultanate of Rum, 1077-1307, Nicaea, Bithynia (Iznik), Sunni
Sultanate of Rum, 1077-1307, Nicaea, Bithynia (Iznik), Sunni; Right-believing Tamara, Queen of Georgia, Commemorated on May 1;

Bithynia, 1204-1261, Nicean Empire Folder, temporary Roman (Byzantine) Empire

Bithynia, 1204-1261, Nicean Empire, temporary Roman Empire after Crusaders took Constatninople
Empire, temporary Roman Empire after Crusaders took Constatninople Empire of Nicaea or the Nicene Empire[1] is the conventional historiographic name for the largest of the three Byzantine Greek[2][3] rump states founded by the aristocracy of the Byzantine Empire that fled after Constantinople was occupied by Western European and Venetian forces during the Fourth Crusade. the Empire of Trebizond and the Empire of Thessalonica, it claimed to be the continuation of the Roman Empire. by the Laskaris family,[3] it lasted from 1204 to 1261, when the Nicaeans restored the Byzantine Empire in Constantinople. Nicea (Nicaea);

Bithynia, 1299, 13th 14th Century Folder, Ottoman Empire in Bithynia

Bithynia, 1299-1335, Ottoman Empire, Sogut, (Sunni, Turkey, the Turks)
Ottoman Empire, Sogut, Bithynia 1299-1335 (Sunni, Turkey, the Turks); Turks; 26 Monk-Martyrs of Zographou of Mt Athos, Commemorated September 21 ; The Martyrs of Armenia, 24 April 1915 ; Blessed John the King of Serbia and his parents, Commemorated December 10 ; Venerable Agapius of Vatopedi, Commemorated on March 1; MARTYRS OF ARMENIA, 24 April 1915 ; Martyr Avakum the Deacon of Serbia;

Bithynia, 1299-1326, Ottoman Sultan, Osman 1, Sogut, Bithynia
Ottoman Sultan, 1299-1326, Osman 1, Sogut, Bithynia ; St Nicodemus the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on May 11;

Bithynia, Ottoman Empire Prusa,1335-1413, (Sunni, Turkey, The Turks)
Ottoman Empire Prusa, Bithnia, 1335-1413, (Sunni, Turkey, The Turks); Moslem sultan Bayazet; Synaxis of the Holy Glorious Prophet, Forerunner and Baptist John, Commemorated January 7 ;

Moslem sultan Bayazet 1389-1402 - Ottoman, Turks - Fortress at Bursa
Ottoman Empire, Prusa, Bithnia (1335-1413); Moslem sultan Bayazet; Synaxis of the Holy Glorious Prophet, Forerunner and Baptist John, Commemorated January 7 ;

Bithynia, Lower Sakarya River Folder, Central BIT

Sakarya River

Sakarya River 5 (Phrygia and Bythnia)

Sogut, Bithynia (Sakarya River 5.4)
Sogut, Bithynia; St. Nicodemus the Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on May 11;

Sakarya River 6 (Nicaea, Bithynia)

Nicaea, Bithynia (on Lake Ascanius in Lower Sakarya)
Nicea (Nicaea); Greatmartyr Euphemia the All-praised, Commemorated on July 11 ; MACRINA THE YOUNGER, MONASTIC AND TEACHER (19 JUL 379) ; Icon of the Mother of God of Armatia, Commemorated on July 21; Martyr Theodota in Bithynia, Commemorated on July 29; Righteous Nonna the mother of St Gregory the Theologian, Commemorated on August 5; Martyr Diomedes the Physician of Tarsus, in Cilicia, Commemorated on August 16; Icon of the Mother of God of Armatia, Commemorated on August 17; St Hosius the Confessor the Bishop of Cordova, Commemorated August 27 ; St Alexander the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on August 30; Fathers of the First Six Councils; First Council of Nicaea; Second Council of Nicaea; Martyr Theodota in Bithynia; Saint Sava I, first Archbishop of Serbia, Commemorated on August 30 and January 14; St Peter Bishop of Nicea, Commemorated September 10 ; Venerable Paul the Obedient, of the Kiev Caves, Commemorated on September 10; Martyr Theodota at Nicea, Commemorated on September 17 ; Arrival of the Iveron Icon of the Mother of God in Georgia, Commemorated on September 26 ; Martyr Polychronius the Presbyter, Commemorated on October 7 ; St Theophanes the Confessor and Hymnographer, Bishop of Nicea, Commemorated on October 11 ; St Hypatius of Gangra, Commemorated on November 16 ; Commemoration of the Holy Fathers of the Seventh Ecumenical Council; Martyr Eustathius of Nicea, Commemorated on November 20 ; NICHOLAS OF MYRA, FRIEND OF CHILDREN, GIVER OF GIFTS, CLIMBER OF CHIMNEYS, ETC. (6 DEC 326) ; St Paul the Bishop of Neocaesarea, Commemorated December 23 ; Venerable Theodore Graptus, "the branded," Confessor, Commemorated December 27 ; St Athanasius the Great the Archbishop of Alexandria, Commemorated on January 18 ; St Sava I, First Archbishop of Serbia; Martyr Neophytus of Nicea, Commemorated January 21; Venerable Ephraim the Syrian, Commemorated on January 28 ; Martyr Tryphon of Campsada Near Apamea in Syria, Commemorated on February 1 ; Icon of the Mother of God "Iveron", Commemorated February 12 ; St Eustathius the Archbishop of Antioch, Commemorated on February 21; St Tarasius the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated February 25; Martyr Antonina of Nicea, in Bithynia, Commemorated on March 1; Hieromartyr Capiton of Cherson, Commemorated on March 7 ; Martyr Quadratus and the rest of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 10; CYRIL OF JERUSALEM, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (18 MAR 386); Appearance of the Iveron Icon of the Mother of God, Commemorated on March 31; St Plato the Confessor of Studion, Commemorated on April 5; Hieromartyr Zeno the Bishop of Verona, Commemorated on April 12; ATHANASIUS, BISHOP OF ALEXANDRIA, THEOLOGIAN, DOCTOR (2 MAY 373); St Athanasius the Great the Patriarch of Alexandria, Commemorated on May 2 ; Commemoration of the Apparition of the Sign of the Precious Cross Over Jerusalem, in 351 AD, Commemorated on May 7; GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS, BISHOP AND THEOLOGIAN (9 MAY 389); St Epiphanius the Bishop of Cyprus, Commemorated on May 12; St Germanus the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on May 12; St Achilles the Bishop of Larissa, Commemorated on May 15 ; Equal of the Apostles and Emperor Constantine with his Mother Helen, Commemorated on May 21; St Michael the Confessor the Bishop of Synnada, Commemorated on May 23; EPHREM OF EDESSA, DEACON AND HYMN-WRITER (10 JUNE 373); BASIL THE GREAT, BISHOP, THEOLOGIAN (14 JUNE 379); Martyr Antonina of Nicea, Commemorated on June 13; Hieromartyr Eusebius the Bishop of Samosata, Commemorated on June 22; Venerable Athanasius the Founder of the Great Lavra and Coenobitic Monasticism on Mt. Athos, Commemorated on July 5 ;

Lake Ascanius
Lake Ascanius; Martyr Antonina of Nicea, in Bithynia, Commemorated on March 1;

Sakarya River 7 (Nicomedia, Bithynia)

Nicomedia, Bithynia (Gulf of Ismid, Lower Sakarya)
Nicomedia; Hieromartyr Hermolaus at Nicomedia, Commemorated July 26 ; Holy Woman Olympias (Olympiada) the Deaconess of Constantinople, Commemorated on July 25; the banishment of Saint John Chrysostom, someone set fire to a large church, and after this a large part of the city burned down. the supporters of Saint John Chrysostom came under suspicion of arson, and they were summoned for interrogation. They summoned Saint Olympias to trial, rigorously interrogating her. They fined her a large sum of money for the crime of arson, despite her innocence and a lack of evidence against her. After this the saint left Constantinople and set out to Kyzikos (on the Sea of Marmara). But her enemies did not cease their persecution. In the year 405 they sentenced her to prison at Nicomedia, where the saint underwent much grief and deprivation. Saint John Chrysostom wrote to her from his exile, consoling her in her sorrow. In the year 409 Saint Olympias entered into eternal rest. Greatmartyr and Healer Panteleimon, Commemorated on July 27; Great Martyr and Healer Panteleimon was born in the city of Nicomedia into the family of the illustrious pagan Eustorgius, and he was named Pantoleon. His mother Saint Euboula (March 30) was a Christian. She wanted to raise her son in the Christian Faith, but she died when the future martyr was just a young child. His father sent Pantoleon to a pagan school, after which the young man studied medicine at Nicomedia under the renowned physician Euphrosynus. Pantoleon came to the attention of the emperor Maximian (284-305), who wished to appoint him as royal physician when he finished his schooling. hieromartyrs Hermolaus, Hermippus and Hermocrates, survivors of the massacre of 20,000 Christians in 303 (December 28), were living secretly in Nicomedia at that time. Saint Hermolaus saw Pantoleon time and again when he came to the house where they were hiding. Once, the priest invited the youth to the house and spoke about the Christian Faith. After this Pantoleon visited Saint Hermolaus every day. day the saint found a dead child on the street. He had been bitten by a great snake, which was still beside the child’s body. Pantoleon began to pray to the Lord Jesus Christ to revive the dead child and to destroy the venomous reptile. He firmly resolved that if his prayer were fulfilled, he would become a follower of Christ and receive Baptism. The child rose up alive, and the snake died before Pantoleon’s eyes. this miracle, Pantoleon was baptized by Saint Hermolaus with the name Panteleimon (meaning “all-merciful”). Speaking with Eustorgius, Saint Panteleimon prepared him to accept Christianity. When the father saw how his son healed a blind man by invoking Jesus Christ, he then believed in Christ and was baptized by Saint Hermolaus together with the man whose sight was restored. the death of his father, Saint Panteleimon dedicated his life to the suffering, the sick, the unfortunate and the needy. He treated all those who turned to him without charge, healing them in the name of Jesus Christ. He visited those held captive in prison. These were usually Christians, and he healed them of their wounds. In a short time, reports of the charitable physician spread throughout the city. Forsaking the other doctors, the inhabitants began to turn only to Saint Panteleimon. envious doctors told the emperor that Saint Panteleimon was healing Christian prisoners. Maximian urged the saint to refute the charge by offering sacrifice to idols. Saint Panteleimon confessed himself a Christian, and suggested that a sick person, for whom the doctors held out no hope, should be brought before the emperor. Then the doctors could invoke their gods, and Panteleimon would pray to his God to heal the man. A man paralyzed for many years was brought in, and pagan priests who knew the art of medicine invoked their gods without success. Then, before the very eyes of the emperor, the saint healed the paralytic by calling on the name of Jesus Christ. The ferocious Maximian executed the healed man, and gave Saint Panteleimon over to fierce torture. Lord appeared to the saint and strengthened him before his sufferings. They suspended the Great Martyr Panteleimon from a tree and scraped him with iron hooks, burned him with fire and then stretched him on the rack, threw him into a cauldron of boiling tar, and cast him into the sea with a stone around his neck. Throughout these tortures the martyr remained unhurt, and denounced the emperor. this time the priests Hermolaus, Hermippus and Hermocrates were brought before the court of the pagans. All three confessed their faith in the Savior and were beheaded (July 26). order of the emperor they brought the Great Martyr Panteleimon to the circus to be devoured by wild beasts. The animals, however, came up to him and licked his feet. The spectators began to shout, “Great is the God of the Christians!” The enraged Maximian ordered the soldiers to stab with the sword anyone who glorified Christ, and to cut off the head of the Great Martyr Panteleimon. led the saint to the place of execution and tied him to an olive tree. While the martyr prayed, one of the soldiers struck him with a sword, but the sword became soft like wax and inflicted no wound. The saint completed his prayer, and a Voice was heard from Heaven, calling the passion-bearer by his new name and summoning him to the heavenly Kingdom. the Voice, the soldiers fell down on their knees before the holy martyr and begged forgiveness. They refused to continue with the execution, but Saint Panteleimon told them to fulfill the emperor’s command, because otherwise they would have no share with him in the future life. The soldiers tearfully took their leave of the saint with a kiss. the saint was beheaded, the olive tree to which the saint was tied became covered with fruit. Many who were present at the execution believed in Christ. The saint’s body was thrown into a fire, but remained unharmed, and was buried by Christians. Saint Panteleimon’s servants Laurence, Bassos and Probus witnessed his execution and heard the Voice from Heaven. They recorded the life, the sufferings and death of the saint. of the holy relics of the Great Martyr Panteleimon were distributed throughout all the Christian world. His venerable head is now located at the Russian monastery of Saint Panteleimon on Mt. Athos. veneration of the holy martyr in the Russian Orthodox Church was already known in the twelfth century. Prince Izyaslav (in Baptism, Panteleimon), the son of Saint Mstislav the Great, had an image of Saint Panteleimon on his helmet. Through the intercession of the saint he remained alive during a battle in the year 1151. On the Feast of the Great Martyr Panteleimon, Russian forces won two naval victories over the Swedes (in 1714 near Hanhauze and in 1720 near Grenham). Panteleimon is venerated in the Orthodox Church as a mighty saint, and the protector of soldiers. This aspect of his veneration is derived from his first name Pantoleon, which means “a lion in everything”. His second name, Panteleimon, given him at Baptism, which means “all-merciful”, is manifest in the veneration of the martyr as a healer. The connection between these two aspects of the saint is readily apparent in that soldiers, receiving wounds more frequently than others, are more in need of a physician-healer. Christians waging spiritual warfare also have recourse to this saint, asking him to heal their spiritual wounds. holy Great Martyr and Healer Panteleimon is invoked in the Mystery of Anointing the Sick, at the Blessing of Water, and in the Prayers for the Sick. Martyr Anicetus of Nicomedia, Commemorated on August 12; Martyr Diomedes the Physician of Tarsus, in Cilicia, Commemorated on August 16; Martyr Straton of Nicomedia, Commemorated August 17 ; Martyr Kyriake of Nicomedia; Martyr Agathonicus of Nicomedia, and others who suffered under Maximian, Commemorated on August 22; Martyr Adrian of Nicomedia, Commemorated on August 26 ; St Alexander the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on August 30; Martyr Callista with her brothers at Nicomedia, Commemorated September 1 ; 3,628 Martyrs who suffered at Nicomedia, Commemorated September 2 ; Hieromartyr Anthimus the Bishop of Nicomedia, Commemorated on September 3; Martyr Theophilus the Deacon of Nicomedia, Commemorated September 3 ; Martyr Basilissa of Nicomedia, Commemorated on September 3; Martyr Babylas of Nicomedia, Commemorated September 4 ; Martyr Theodore of Nicomedia, Commemorated September 4 ; Martyr Urban and 79 Companions at Nicomedia, Commemorated September 5 ; Martyr Menodora at Nicomedia, Commemorated on September 10 ; St Coronatus the Bishop of Nicomedia, Commemorated September 12 ; Hieromartyr Cyprian of Nicomedia, Commemorated on October 2 ; 20,000 Martyrs of Nicomedia, Commemorated on December 28 ; Martyr Callisthene and her father Audactus of Ephesus ; Martyr Eulampius at Nicomedia, Commemorated October 10 ; 200 Martyrs with Eulampius and Eulampia at Nicomedia, Commemorated October 10 ; Martyr Lucian the Presbyter of Antioch, Commemorated on October 15 ; Martyr Dasius at Nicomedia, Commemorated on October 21; St Paul the Confessor the Archbishop of Constantinople, Commemorated on November 6 ; Virginmartyr Juliana of Nicomedia, Commemorated on December 21 ; The Nativity of our Lord God and Savior Jesus Christ; Afterfeast of the Nativity of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, Commemorated December 28; 20,000 Martyrs of Nicomedia, Commemorated December 28 ; Martyr Philetairus of Nicomedia, Commemorated December 30 ; Apostle Prochorus the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Hieromartyr Theopemptus the Bishop of Nicomedia, Commemorated January 5 ; Venerable Syncletica of Alexandria, Commemorated on January 5 ; Virginmartyr Euphrasia of Nicomedia, Commemorated January 19 ; Martyr Bassus at Nicomedia, Commemorated January 20 ; Hieromartyr Clement the Bishop of Ancyra, Commemorated on January 23 ; 1,003 Martyrs of Nicomedia,Commemorated February 7 ; St Athanasius the Confessor of Constantinople, Commemorated February 22 ; St Theophylactus the Bishop of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 8; Theophylactus lived at Constantinople in the eighth century during the time of the Iconoclast heresy. After the death of the iconoclast emperor Leo IV the Khazar (775-780), Emperor Constantine VI (780-797) ascended the throne. At the same time, the holy Patriarch Paul (August 30), not having the strength to continue guiding the flock in the face of iconoclasm, voluntarily resigned his office (784). Saint Tarasius (February 25) was chosen in his place. At that time, he was an eminent imperial counselor. Under the supervision of the new Patriarch the Seventh Ecumenical Council (787) was convened to condemn the Iconoclast heresy. A relatively peaceful time began for the Church, and monasteries again began to fill with monks. Theophylactus, a gifted disciple of Saint Tarasius, with the blessing of the Patriarch, went to a monastery on the coast of the Black Sea with Saint Michael (May 23). The zealous ascetics by their God-pleasing labors and intense prayer were granted the gift of wonderworking by God. During a drought, when the workers in the field were weakened by thirst, the saints prayed and an empty vessel became filled with enough water to last the entire day. several years in the monastery, they were both consecrated as bishops by Patriarch Tarasius. Saint Michael was made Bishop of Synada, and Saint Theophylactus was made Bishop of Nicomedia. the Church of Nicomedia, Saint Theophylactus cared for the flock entrusted to him. He built churches, hospices, homes for wanderers, he generously distributed alms, was the guardian of orphans, widows and the sick, and personally attended those afflicted with leprosy, not hesitating to wash their wounds. the iconoclast Leo the Armenian (813-820) came to the imperial throne, the terrible heresy burst forth with renewed strength. the iconoclast emperor was not able to influence Saint Nicephorus (June 2), the successor of Patriarch Tarasius, who with the other bishops vainly urged Leo not to destroy the peace of the Church. Saint Theophylactus was present at the negotiations of the emperor with the Patriarch. Denouncing the heretics, Saint Theophylactus predicted a speedy death for Leo the Armenian. For his bold prophecy the saint was sent into exile to the fortress Strobil (in Asia Minor). He languished for thirty years until his death, which took place around the year 845. the restoration of icon-veneration in the year 847 under the empress Saint Theodora (February 11) and her son Michael, the holy relics of Saint Theophylactus were returned to Nicomedia. Martyr Urpasianus of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 9 ; Martyr Quadratus and the rest of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 10; Martyr Trophimus of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 18; Martyr Pancharius at Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 19; St Plato the Confessor of Studion, Commemorated on April 5; Martyr Victor of Nicomedia, Commemorated on April 18; Martyr Christopher at Nicomedia, Commemorated on April 19; Martyr Isaac of Nicomedia, Commemorated on April 21; Greatmartyr, Victory-bearer and Wonderworker George, Commemorated on April 23; Martyr Eusebius and Others, at Nicomedia, Commemorated on April 24; ATHANASIUS, BISHOP OF ALEXANDRIA, THEOLOGIAN, DOCTOR (2 MAY 373); St Michael the Confessor the Bishop of Synnada, Commemorated on May 23; Martyr Lucillian and those who suffered with him at Byzantium, Commemorated on June 3; Martyr Kyriake of Nicomedia, Commemorated on July 7;

Sakarya River Mouth (Bithynia, Pontus and Black Sea)
Northwest Bithynia, on the coast of the Black Sea, Monk Martyrs Epictetus and Astion, at Halmyris, Commemorated on July 8;

Bithynia, Northwest Bithynia on the Coast of the Black Sea
Northwest Bithynia, on the coast of the Black Sea, Monk Martyrs Epictetus and Astion, at Halmyris, Commemorated on July 8;

Bithynia, Sakkoudion River Folder (Mysia, Mt Olympus), Southern BIT

Mysia Region
Mysia Region; Paul'™s Vision of the Man of Macedonia;

Sakkoudion (Sagarista) River

Sakkodian River (Lower Sakkodian)

Sakkoudion River Source (Mount Olympus)

Mt. Olympus, Bithynia in Asia Minor
Mt. Olympus in Asia Minor; Abgar monastery (on Olympos in Asia Minor); Venerable Michael of Maleinus, Commemorated July 12 ; St Irene Chrysovolantou, Commemorated July 28 ; St George Limniotes the Confessor of Mt. Olympus, Commemorated on August 24; St Peter of Atroe, Commemorated September 13 ; Hieromartyr Cyprian of Nicomedia, Commemorated on October 2, From age seven until thirty, Cyprian studied at the most outstanding centers of paganism: on Mount Olympus, in the cities of Argos and Tauropolis, in the Egyptian city of Memphis, and at Babylon; Venerable Euthymius the New of Thessalonica, and Monk of Mt Athos, Commemorated on October 15 ; Righteous Anna of Constantinople, Commemorated October 29 ; Venerable Hilarion the Monk and Wonderworker of Thessalonica, Georgian, Commemorated on November 19 ; Venerable Gregory Decapolite, Commemorated on November 20 ; Monkmartyr and Confessor Stephen the New of Mt St Auxentius, Commemorated on November 28 ; Martyr Neophytus of Nicea, Commemorated January 21; Venerable Luke the New Stylite of Chalcedon, Commemorated on December 11 ; Venerable Timothy of Symbola in Bithynia, Commemorated February 21 ; St Paul the Confessor the Bishop of Plusias in Bithynia, Commemorated on March 7; St Plato the Confessor of Studion, Commemorated on April 5; St Methodius, Equal of the Apostles and Archbishop of Moravia, Enlightener of the Slavs, Commemorated on April 6; Equal of the Apostles and Teacher of the Slavs, Methodius, Commemorated on May 11; St Michael of Ulompo, Georgia, Commemorated on May 3 ; St Euthymius of Athos the translator, Commemorated on May 13; Hieromartyr Patrick the Bishop of Prusa with his companions, Commemorated on May 19; St (John) Tornike of Mt Athos, Commemorated on June 12; St Anna and Her Son of Constantinople, Commemorated on June 13; Venerable Peter of Constantinople, Commemorated on July 1;

Sakkoudion Monastery on Mt Olympos in Bithynia
Sakkoudion Monastery on Mt Olympos in Bithynia; Sakkoudion Monastery on Mt Olympos in Bithynia; St George Limniotes the Confessor of Mt. Olympus, Commemorated on August 24; Venerable Theodore the Confessor the Abbot of the Studion, Commemorated on November 11 ; 16Venerable Thomas of Bithynia, Commemorated December 10 ; Venerable Luke the New Stylite of Chalcedon, Commemorated on December 11; St Plato the Confessor of Studion, Commemorated on April 5; Hieromartyr Timothy the Bishop of Prusa, Commemorated on June 10;

Olympos Monastery, Bithynia
Sakkoudion Monastery on Mt Olympos in Bithynia; Sakkoudion Monastery on Mt Olympos in Bithynia; St George Limniotes the Confessor of Mt. Olympus, Commemorated on August 24; Venerable Theodore the Confessor the Abbot of the Studion, Commemorated on November 11 ; 16Venerable Thomas of Bithynia, Commemorated December 10 ; Venerable Luke the New Stylite of Chalcedon, Commemorated on December 11; St Plato the Confessor of Studion, Commemorated on April 5; Hieromartyr Timothy the Bishop of Prusa, Commemorated on June 10;

Abgar monastery, Bithynia (on Olympos, Asia Minor)
Abgar monastery (on Olympos in Asia Minor); Abgar monastery (on Olympos in Asia Minor); Venerable Michael of Maleinus, Commemorated on July 12 ; Venerable Theodore the Confessor the Abbot of the Studion, Commemorated on November 11 ; Venerable Hilarion the Monk and Wonderworker of Thessalonica, Georgian, Commemorated on November 19 ; Venerable Luke the New Stylite of Chalcedon, Commemorated on December 11; St Eustratius the Wonderworker, Commemorated on January 9 ; St Methodius, Equal of the Apostles and Archbishop of Moravia, Enlightener of the Slavs, Commemorated on April 6; Equal of the Apostles and Teacher of the Slavs, Methodius, Commemorated on May 11; Hieromartyr Timothy the Bishop of Prusa, Commemorated on June 10;

Sakkodian River 1 (Prusa and Caesarea)

Prusa, Bithynia (Proussa, Sakkoudion River 1)
Prusa or Plusias, or Cius in Bithynia Venerable Luke the Abbot, Near Constantinople; Venerable Luke the Abbot, Near Constantinople, Commemorated on September 7; St Paul the Confessor the Bishop of Plusias in Bithynia, Commemorated on March 7; New Martyr Argyra, Commemorated on April 30; St Michael of Ulompo, Georgia, Commemorated on May 3 ; Hieromartyr Patrick the Bishop of Prusa with his companions, Commemorated on May 19; Hieromartyr Timothy the Bishop of Prusa, Commemorated on June 10;

Prusa Hot Springs or Bursa Hot Springs
Prusa Hot Springs or Bursa Hot Springs; also has thermal baths, old Ottoman mansions, palaces, and several museums. was the first major and second overall capital of the Ottoman State between 1335 and 1363. The city was referred to as Hüdavendigar (meaning God's gift, in Ottoman Turkish, a name of Persian origin) during the Ottoman period, while a more recent nickname is Yesil Bursa (Green Bursa) in reference to the parks and gardens located across its urban fabric, as well as to the vast and richly varied forests of the surrounding region. Mount Uludag, the ancient Mysian Olympus, towers over it, and has a well-known ski resort. Bursa has rather orderly urban growth and borders a fertile plain. The mausoleums of the early Ottoman sultans are located in Bursa, and the city's main landmarks include numerous edifices built throughout the Ottoman period. Bursa also has thermal baths, old Ottoman mansions, palaces, and several museums. Hieromartyr Patrick, Bishop of Prusa, and his companions, Commemorated on May 19;

Bursa Hot Springs at Prusa, Bithynia
Prusa Hot Springs or Bursa Hot Springs; also has thermal baths, old Ottoman mansions, palaces, and several museums. was the first major and second overall capital of the Ottoman State between 1335 and 1363. The city was referred to as Hüdavendigar (meaning God's gift, in Ottoman Turkish, a name of Persian origin) during the Ottoman period, while a more recent nickname is Yesil Bursa (Green Bursa) in reference to the parks and gardens located across its urban fabric, as well as to the vast and richly varied forests of the surrounding region. Mount Uludag, the ancient Mysian Olympus, towers over it, and has a well-known ski resort. Bursa has rather orderly urban growth and borders a fertile plain. The mausoleums of the early Ottoman sultans are located in Bursa, and the city's main landmarks include numerous edifices built throughout the Ottoman period. Bursa also has thermal baths, old Ottoman mansions, palaces, and several museums. Hieromartyr Patrick, Bishop of Prusa, and his companions, Commemorated on May 19;

Plusias, Bithynia
Prusa or Plusias, or Cius in Bithynia; Venerable Luke the Abbot, Near Constantinople; St Paul the Confessor the Bishop of Plusias in Bithynia, Commemorated on March 7; Hieromartyr Timothy the Bishop of Prusa, Commemorated on June 10;

Atroa, Bithynia (Plain of Prusa)
Atroa, Bithynia; Saints Michael and and Arsenius of Ulompo, Georgia, Commemorated on May 3;

Pelecete Monastery near Prusa, Bithynia, 709
Pelecete Monastery near Prusa and Bursa; Venerable Macarius the Abbot of Pelecete, Commemorated on April 1; Saints Michael and and Arsenius of Ulompo, Georgia, Commemorated on May 3; Hieromartyr Timothy the Bishop of Prusa, Commemorated on June 10; Pelekete monestary is a former name of the Church Hagios Sergios. Venerable Macarius the Monk of Pelekete; Martyr Theokteristus, Commemorated on February 28; Venerable Hilarion the New the Abbot of Pelecete, Commemorated on March 28; Venerable Nicetas the Confessor the Abbot of Medikion, Commemorated on April 3; St Michael of Ulompo, Georgia, Commemorated on May 3 ; Hieromartyr Timothy the Bishop of Prusa, Commemorated on June 10;

Apamea, Bithynia (Medikion Monastery, Triglia)
Apamea in Bithynia ; Venerable Macarius the Monk of Pelekete, Commemorated on August 18 ; Venerable Theodore Graptus, "the branded," Confessor, Commemorated December 27 ;

Apamea, Bithynia (only Costal city beginning with an A)
Apamea in Bithynia ; Venerable Macarius the Monk of Pelekete, Commemorated on August 18 ; Venerable Theodore Graptus, "the branded," Confessor, Commemorated December 27 ;

Caesarea, Bithynia (upper Sakkoudion River Mouth, neak Lake Uluabat)
Caesarea, in Bithynia; Martyr Thyrsus at Caesarea, in Bithynia, Commemorated August 17 ; Martyr Thyrsus of Apollonia, Commemorated December 14 ; Apostle Apollos of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Venerable Nicetas the Confessor the Abbot of Medikion, Commemorated on April 3;

Sakkodian River 2 (Ulabat Lake, Apollonia)

Upper Sakkoudion River Mouth (Uluabat Lake)

Apollonia, in Bithynia (Uluabat Lake, Upper Sakkoudion River Mouth)
Apollonia, in Bithynia , a promentory on the northeast shore near Golyazi ; Martyr Thyrsus at Caesarea, in Bithynia, Commemorated August 17 ; Martyr Thyrsus of Apollonia, Commemorated December 14 ; St Nicetas the Confessor the Archbishop of Apollonias in Bithynia, Commemorated on March 20;

Uluabat Lake

Lower Sakkodian River Source (Uluabat Lake)

Sakkodian River Mouth (Marmara Sea)

Pelekete Monastery, Bithynia, 709
Pelekete Monastery; Venerable Macarius the Monk of Pelekete, Commemorated on August 18; Venerable Hilarion the New the Abbot of Pelekete, Commemorated on March 28;

Tryglia monestary, Bithynia, near Constantinople, 780
Tryglia in Turkey, or Tryglia monestary near Constantinople; Venerable Macarius the Monk of Pelekete, Commemorated on August 18 ; Venerable Luke the Abbot, Near Constantinople, Commemorated on September 7; Venerable Stephen the Wonderworker the Abbot of Tryglia, Commemorated on March 28;

Medikion Monastery, Ampamea, Bithynia, 780
Medikion Monastery; Venerable Macarius the Monk of Pelekete, Commemorated on August 18 ; Venerable Athanasius of Medikion Monastery, Commemorated on October 26 ; Venerable Nicetas the Confessor the Abbot of Medikion, Commemorated on April 3;

Moudania, Bithynia (Chenolakkos [by the goose-pond])
Moudania, Bithynia, Asia Minor; Venerable Macarius the Monk of Pelekete, Commemorated on August 18 ; Venerable Stephen the Abbot of Chenolaklos Monastery, Near Chalcedon, Commemorated January 14 ;

Chenolakkos Monastery Bithynia (Chenolakkos [by the goose-pond])
Moudania, Bithynia, Asia Minor; Venerable Macarius the Monk of Pelekete, Commemorated on August 18 ; Venerable Stephen the Abbot of Chenolaklos Monastery, Near Chalcedon, Commemorated January 14 ;

Triglia, Bithynia (east of Sakkoudion River Mouth)
Triglia, Bithynia; Venerable Luke the Abbot, Near Constantinople, Commemorated on September 7;

Batheos (Vatheos) Ryakos (near Triglia, Bithynia)
Batheos (Vatheos) Ryakos (near Triglia, Bithynia); Triglia, Bithynia; Venerable Luke the Abbot, Near Constantinople, Commemorated on September 7;

Triglia Monastery (now Fatih Mosque, Tirilye) 720
Triglia Monastery (now Fatih Mosque, Tirilye) 720; Venerable Stephen the Wonderworker the Abbot of Triglia, Commemorated on March 28;

Khenolakkos Monastery, Triglia, Bithynia (now Fatih Mosque, Tirilye) 720
Triglia Monastery (now Fatih Mosque, Tirilye) 720; Venerable Stephen the Wonderworker the Abbot of Triglia, Commemorated on March 28;

Bithynia, Bosphoras Strait Folder (Chalcedon), Western BIT

Bosphorus Strait, Bithynia and Constantinople
Bosphorus;

Chalcedon, Bithynia (Bosphorus Strait)
Chalcedon; Greatmartyr Euphemia the All-praised, Commemorated on July 11 ; Translation of the relics of St Maximus the Confessor, Commemorated on August 13; Martyr Bassa of Edessa, and her sons, Commemorated on August 21; Martyr Agathonicus of Nicomedia, and others who suffered under Maximian, Commemorated on August 22; Hieromartyr Cyprian the Bishop of Carthage, Commemorated on August 31; Greatmartyr Euphemia the All-praised, Commemorated on September 16 ; St Justinian the Emperor, Commemorated on November 14 ; LEO THE GREAT, BISHOP OF ROME, DOCTOR (10 NOV 461) ; Hieromartyr Peter the Archbishop of Alexandria, Commemorated November 25 ; Martyr Anna, Commemorated on November 28 ; Council of Chalcedon, Commemorated July 17 ; Greatmartyr Euphemia the All-praised; Venerable Luke the New Stylite of Chalcedon, Commemorated on December 11 ; Venerable Theodore Graptus, "the branded," Confessor, Commemorated December 27 ; Synaxis of the Holy Glorious Prophet, Forerunner and Baptist John, Commemorated January 7 ; Venerable Stephen the Abbot of Chenolaklos Monastery, Near Chalcedon, Commemorated January 14 ; Monkmartyr Anastasius the Persian, Commemorated January 22 ; St Leo the Great the Pope of Rome, Commemorated on February 18; Venerable Aninas of the Euphrates, Commemorated on March 18; Venerable Hypatius the Abbot of Rufinus in Chalcedon, Commemorated on March 31; St Cosmas the Bishop of Chalcedon, Commemorated on April 18; Venerable Nicephorus the Abbot of Catabad, Commemorated on April 19; Martyr Solochon at Chalcedon, Commemorated on May 17; St Nicetas the Bishop of Chalcedon, Commemorated on May 28; Apostle Barnabas of the Seventy, Commemorated on June 11 ; Jacob Riis of WALTER RAUSCHENBUSCH, WASHINGTON GLADDEN, and JACOB RIIS, PROPHETIC WITNESSES, 1918, 1918, 1914, Commemorated July 2 ; St Anatolius the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on July 3; Uncovering of the relics of the Venerable Sergius of Radonezh, Commemorated on July 5; Martyr Kyriake of Nicomedia, Commemorated on July 7;

Ausentius, Mt St Auxentius of Bithynia
Mt St Auxentius of Bithynia; Martyr Anna, Commemorated on November 28 ; Monkmartyr and Confessor Stephen the New of Mt St Auxentius, Commemorated on November 28; Venerable Auxentius of Bithynia, Commemorated February 14;

Trichinarion Monastery, at the foot of Ausentius, Mt St Auxentius of Bithynia
Mt St Auxentius of Bithynia; Martyr Anna, Commemorated on November 28 ; Monkmartyr and Confessor Stephen the New of Mt St Auxentius, Commemorated on November 28; Venerable Auxentius of Bithynia, Commemorated February 14;

Mt Oxia near Chalcedon (Mt Kayisdag)
Mt Oxia near Chalcedon (Mt Kayisdag), named after Auxentius of Bithynia; Martyr Anna, Commemorated on November 28 ; Monkmartyr and Confessor Stephen the New of Mt St Auxentius, Commemorated on November 28; Venerable Auxentius of Bithynia, Commemorated February 14;

Chrysopolis, Bithynia
Chrysopolis; Chrysopolis Monastery Chrysopolis in Macedonia? Translation of the relics of St Maximus the Confessor, Commemorated on August 13; Venerable Philotheus of Dionysiou of Mt Athos, Commemorated on October 21; St Maximus the Confessor, Commemorated January 21 ;

Symbola, Bosporus, Bythnia (across bridge from Symbola Bosphorus Hotel)
Symbola, Bosporus, Bythnia (Symbola Bosphorus Hotel); Venerable Timothy of Symbola in Bithynia, Commemorated on February 21;

Chrysopolis monastery (at Skutari or Uskudar)
Chrysopolis monastery (at Skutari or Uskudar); Translation of the relics of St Maximus the Confessor, Commemorated August 13 ;

Helenopolis, Bithynia (Gulf of Ismid near Nicomedia)
Helenopolis, Bithynia; Venerable Dorotheus the Hermit of Egypt, Commemorated on September 16 ;

Prote Island, Bithynia
Prote Island; New Martyr Ignatius the Monk of Bulgaria, Commemorated October 8 ; New Martyr Ignatius the Martyr of Mt Athos, Commemorated on May 1 ;

Halki seminary, Bithynia, 1844
Halki seminary; Repose of St Raphael the Bishop of Brooklyn, Commemorated on February 27;

Bithynia, Lycus River Folder, Eastern BIT

Lycus River of Bithynia

Bithyninum, Bithynia (near Lycus River)
Bithyninum, Bithynia ; Hieromartyr Autonomus the Bishop in Italy, Commemorated on September 12; Venerable John Calabytes ÃƒÂ¢Ã‚Â€Ã‚Âœthe Hut-DwellerÃƒÂ¢Ã‚Â€Ã‚ÂÂÂÂ, Commemorated on January 15;

Monastery of the Unsleeping Ones, Gommon, Northeastern Bithynia (near Lycus River)
Bithyninum, Bithynia ; Hieromartyr Autonomus the Bishop in Italy, Commemorated on September 12; Venerable John Calabytes “the Hut-Dwellerâ€, Commemorated on January 15;

Claudiopolis, Bithynia (near Lycus River)
Claudiopolis (Bithynia); Martyr Tation (Tatio) of Claudiopolis, Commemorated on August 24; Hieromartyr Autonomus the Bishop in Italy, Commemorated September 12 ;

Soreus, Bithynia (Bolu (Bithynium) near Lycus River of Bithynia)
Soreus, Bithynia (Bolu (Bithynium)); Hieromartyr Autonomus the Bishop in Italy, Commemorated on September 12;

Limna, Bithynia near Soreus near Claudiopolis near Bolu
Limna, Bithynia near Soreus near Claudiopolis near Bolu; Hieromartyr Autonomus the Bishop in Italy, Commemorated on September 12;

Lycus (river of Bithynia) Mouth (Black Sea)

Neapolis, Bithynia, Metroon, in Asia Minor (Lycus River Mouth)
Neapolis, Bithynia, Metroon, in Asia Minor; Venerable Philotheus of Dionysiou of Mt Athos, Commemorated October 21 ;