Russia, Vladimir Folder, Vladimir-Suzdal, Southern Valley, and its rivers.kmz

Russia, Vladimir Folder, Vladimir-Suzdal, Southern Valley, and its rivers

Vladimir-Suzdal 1094
Vladimir-Suzdal; Equal of the Apostles Great Prince Vladimir, in Holy Baptism Basil, the Enlightener of the Russian Land, Commemorated on July 15 ; Icon of the Mother of God "œof the Passion"Â, Commemorated on August 13 ; Commemoration of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God and the deliverance of Moscow from the Invasion of Tamerlane, Commemorated August 26 ; Venerable Euphrosyne of Suzdal, Commemorated on September 18; Icon of the Mother of God of Yakhrom, Commemorated on October 14 ; St Sophia, Commemorated December 16 ; Right-believing Prince Daniel of Moscow, Commemorated on March 4 ; Venerable Euthymius of Suzdal, Commemorated on April 1; Holy Queen Tamara, Commemorated on May 8; St Nikita the Bishop of Novgorod and Recluse, of the Kiev Far Caves, Commemorated on May 14; Venerable Pachomius the Abbot of Nerekhta, Commemorated on May 15; Meeting of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God, Commemorated on May 21 ; Icon of the Mother of God "œthe God Loving"Â, Commemorated on June 18; ISABEL FLORENCE HAPGOOD, ECUMENIST and JOURNALIST, 1929, Commemorated June 26; St Dionysius the Archbishop of Suzdal, Commemorated on June 26; The Placing of the Honorable Robe of the Most Holy Mother of God at Blachernae, Commemorated on July 2; Uncovering of the relics of the Venerable Euthymius the Archimandrite of Suzdal, Commemorated on July 4 ;

Russia, Vladimir, 1157 - 1331, Vladimir was the capital of Rus
Before Moscow, Vladimir was the original capital of the Orthodox Rus' (region); Equal of the Apostles Great Prince Vladimir, in Holy Baptism Basil, the Enlightener of the Russian Land, Commemorated on July 15; Icon of the Mother of God "the Seeker of the Lost", Commemorated February 5 ; St Niphon the Bishop of Novgorod, Commemorated on April 8;

Russia, Vladimir, Suzdal - land of the Suzdal (southern valley)
Suzdal; Equal of the Apostles Great Prince Vladimir, in Holy Baptism Basil, the Enlightener of the Russian Land, Commemorated on July 15 ; Icon of the Mother of God œof the PassionÂ, Commemorated on August 13 ; Venerable Euphrosyne of Suzdal, Commemorated on September 18; St John the Bishop of Suzdal, Commemorated October 15 ; Commemoration of the Weeping Icon of the Mother of God œof the SignÂ at Novgorod, Commemorated on November 27 ; St Hilarion, Metropolitan of Suzdal and Yuriev, Commemorated December 14 ; St Sophia, Commemorated December 16 ; St Vsevolod (in holy baptism Gabriel) the Wonderworker of Pskov, Commemorated February 11 ; Right-believing Prince Basil (Vasilko) of Rostov, Commemorated on March 4; Venerable Euthymius of Suzdal, Commemorated on April 1; Hieromartyr Macarius the Metropolitan of Kiev, Commemorated on May 1; St Simeon the Bishop of Vladimir and Suzdal of the Kiev Near Caves, Commemorated on May 10; Venerable Pachomius the Abbot of Nerekhta, Commemorated on May 15; St Euphrosyne the Princess, (Eudoxia) of Moscow, Commemorated on May 17 ; Meeting of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God, Commemorated on May 21 ; Repose of St Alexander Nevsky; Icon of the Mother of God œthe God LovingÂ, Commemorated on June 18; ISABEL FLORENCE HAPGOOD, ECUMENIST and JOURNALIST, 1929, Commemorated June 26; St Dionysius the Archbishop of Suzdal, Commemorated on June 26; Burial of St Andrew the Prince, Commemorated on July 4; Uncovering of the relics of the Venerable Euthymius the Archimandrite of Suzdal, Commemorated on July 4 ; St Eudokia, in Monasticism Euphrosyne, the Grand Duchess of Moscow, Commemorated on July 7 ;

Rostovo-Suzdal Principality
Rostovo-Suzdal Principality; Right-believing Prince Basil (Vasilko) of Rostov, Commemorated on March 4;

Suzdal Monomashichi
Suzdal Monomashichi; Rostovo-Suzdal Principality; Right-believing Prince Basil (Vasilko) of Rostov, Commemorated on March 4;

Russia, Vladimir History Folder

Russia, Vladimir, 980-1157, Folder, Vladimir the Great of Kiev

Russia, Vladimir, 981-1015, Great Prince, Vladimir I The Great of Kiev
Vladimir Great Prince, 980-1015, Vladimir I The Great of Kiev; Equal of the Apostles Great Prince Vladimir, in Holy Baptism Basil, the Enlightener of the Russian Land, Commemorated on July 15; Martyrs and Passion-Bearers Boris and Gleb, Commemorated on July 24; St Theodosius (Prince Theodore of Ostrog) of the Kiev Caves, Commemorated on August 11; Hieromartyr and Venerable Kuksha of the Kiev Near Caves, Commemorated August 27 ; Venerable Pimen of the Kiev Near Caves, Commemorated on August 27; Icon of the Mother of God of Korsun, Commemorated on October 9;

Russia, Vladimir, 1019-1054, Yaroslav the Wise, Novgorod, Kiev and Vladimir, Kiev Rus King
Kiev Rus King, 1019-1054, Yaroslav the Wise ; Venerable Anthony of the Kiev Far Caves, Founder of Monasticism in Russia, Commemorated on July 10; Venerable Arcadius of Novotorsk, Commemorated on July 11; Venerable Moses the Hungarian of the Kiev Near Caves, Commemorated July 26 ; Appearance of the Smolensk œDirectressÂ Icon of the Mother of God brought from Constantinople, Commemorated on July 28; Right-believing Prince Vladimir Yaroslavich the Prince of Novgorod, Commemorated on October 4 ; Venerable Damian the Healer and Clairvoyant of the Kiev Near Caves, Commemorated on October 5 ; St Amphilochius the Bishop of Vladimir, in Volhynia, Commemorated on October 10; Venerable Nicholas Sviatosha Prince of Chernigov, and Wonderworker of the Kiev Near Caves, Commemorated on October 14; St Hilarion, Metropolitan of Kiev, Commemorated on October 21; Venerable Hilarion the Schemamonk of the Kiev Caves, Commemorated on October 21; Blessed Yaropolk the Prince of Vladimir-Volhynia, in Holy Baptism Peter, Commemorated on November 22; Dedication of the Church of the Greatmartyr George at Kiev, Commemorated on November 26; Venerable Gregory the Wonderworker of the Kiev Near Caves, Commemorated on January 8; Venerable Ephraim, Abbot and Wonderworker of Novy Torg, Commemorated on January 28 ; Princess Anna of Novgorod, Commemorated on February 10 ; Venerable Isaac the Recluse of the Kiev Near Caves, Commemorated on February 14; Venerable Nikon the Abbot of the Kiev Far Caves, Commemorated on March 23; Greatmartyr, Victory-bearer and Wonderworker George, Commemorated on April 23; Translation of the relics of the Holy Passionbearer Boris, in Holy Baptism Roman, Commemorated on May 2 ; Venerable Theodosius the Abbot of the Kiev Far Caves Monastery, and Founder of Coenobitic Monasticism in Russia, Commemorated on May 3; Venerable Constantine, (In baptism Yaroslav), with his children Michael and Theodore, Wonderworkers of Murom, Commemorated on May 21; St Menas, Bishop of Polotsk, Commemorated on June 20;

Russia, Vladimir, 1094-1125, Prince, Vladimir II Monomakh, Novgorod, Kiev, and Vladimir; Monomashichi
Novgorod Prince, 1113-1125, Vladimir Monomakh; II Monomakh (26 May 1053 - 19 May 1125) reigned as Grand Prince of Kievan Rus' from 1113 to 1125. He is considered a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church and is celebrated on May 6.[1] 1 Family 2 Reign 3 Marriages and children 4 See also 5 References 6 Sources 7 Further reading 8 External links was the son of Vsevolod I (married in 1046) by a relative of Byzantine emperor Constantine IX Monomachos, from whom Vladimir obtained his sobriquet.[2] Contemporary Byzantine naming practice allowed the adoption of a maternal surname if the mother's family was perceived to be of a more exalted origin than that of the father.[3] Testament of Vladimir Monomakh to Children, 1125. Lithography of 1836. his famous Instruction (also known as The Testament) to his own children, Monomakh mentions that he conducted 83 military campaigns and 19 times made peace with the Polovtsi. At first he waged war against the steppe jointly with his cousin Oleg, but after Vladimir was sent by his father to rule Chernigov and Oleg made peace with the Polovtsi to retake that city from him, they parted company. Since that time, Vladimir and Oleg were bitter enemies who would often engage in internecine wars. The enmity continued among their children and more distant posterity. 1094, his chief patrimony was the southern town of Pereyaslav, although he also controlled Rostov, Suzdal, and other northern provinces (see Principality of Pereyaslavl). In these lands he founded several towns, notably his namesake, Vladimir, the future capital of Russia. In order to unite the princes of Rus in their struggle against the Great Steppe, Vladimir initiated three princely congresses, the most important being held at Lyubech in 1097 and Dolobsk in 1103. 1107 he defeated Boniak, a Cuman khan who led an invasion on Kievan Rus'. When Sviatopolk II died in 1113, the Kievan populace revolted and summoned Vladimir to the capital. The same year he entered Kiev to the great delight of the crowd and reigned there until his death in 1125. may be seen from his Instruction, he promulgated a number of reforms in order to allay the social tensions in the capital. These years saw the last flowering of Ancient Rus, which was torn apart 10 years after his death. Monomakh is buried in the Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kiev. Succeeding generations often referred to his reign as the golden age of that city. Numerous legends are connected with Monomakh's name, including the transfer from Constantinople to Rus of such precious relics as the Theotokos of Vladimir and the Vladimir/Muscovite crown called Monomakh's Cap. and children[edit] married three times. Some sources cite his first wife as Gytha of Wessex, daughter of Harold of England who had fallen at Hastings in 1066 and of Edith Swannesha. Problems exist in that none of the sources citing this are contemporary, and none of the Russian sources cite the name of his first wife as the daughter of Harold Godwinson. They had at least five children: Mstislav I of Kiev (1 June 1076 – 14 April 1132) Izyaslav Vladimirovich, Prince of Kursk (c. 1077 – 6 September 1096) Svyatoslav Vladimirovich, Prince of Smolensk and Pereyaslav (c. 1080 – 16 March 1114) Yaropolk II of Kiev (1082 – 18 February 1139) Viacheslav I of Kiev (1083 – 2 February 1154) following daughter has been attributed to either the first or the second wife: Marina Vladimirovna (d. 1146). Married Leon Diogenes, a pretender to the throne of the Byzantine Empire who claimed to be a son of Romanos IV and who rose to the rank of khan of the Cumans in Ossetia. rests after hunting (painting by Viktor Vasnetsov, c. 1900). second wife, Eufimia, is considered to have been a Byzantine noblewoman.[2] The Primary Chronicle and the "Testament of Vladimir Monomakh" record her date of death as 7 May 1107. However the Chronicle does not mention her name. This marriage produced at least six children: Roman, Prince of Volhynia (d. 6 January 1119) Eufemia of Kiev (d. 4 April 1139). Married Coloman of Hungary. Agafia (Agatha). Married Vsevolod Davidovich, Prince of Gorodno. According to older historians her husband was a son of David Igorevich, Prince of Volhynia (d. 1113), but this theory was rejected.[4] Yuri (George), later known as Yuri Dolgoruki (d. 15 May 1157). Andrew, Prince of Volhynia (11 July 1102 – 1141). third marriage is thought to have been to a daughter of Aepa Ocenevich, Khan of the Cumans. Her paternal grandfather was Osen. Her people belonged to the Kipchaks, a confederation of pastoralists and warriors of Turkic origin. the Primary Chronicle identifies Aepa as father-in-law to Yuri Dolgoruki, with Vladimir negotiating the marriage in name of his son.[citation needed] Whether father and son married sisters or the identity of intended groom was misidentified remains unclear. St Vsevolod (in holy baptism Gabriel) the Wonderworker of Pskov, Commemorated on February 11; Right-believing Great Prince Rostislav-Michael the Prince of Kiev, Commemorated on March 14;

Russia, Vladimir, 1149-1151, 1155-1157, K Rus King, Yuri I Dolgorukiy, far reaching, Kiev to Suzdal
Kiev Rus King, 1149-1157, Yuri I Dolgorukiy ; Venerable Titus the Presbyter of the Kiev Near Caves, Commemorated on February 27; Venerable Gerasimus of Vologda, Commemorated on March 4; Right-believing Great Prince Rostislav-Michael the Prince of Kiev, Commemorated on March 14 ; St Niphon the Bishop of Novgorod, Commemorated on April 8; St Cyril the Bishop of Turov, Commemorated on April 28 ;

Russia, Vladimir, 1157-1331, Folder, Vladimir Time, Capital of Rus

Russia, Vladimir, 1100-1199, 12th Century Folder, Andrew Bogolyubsky, George B. and Big Nest

Russia, Vladimir, 1155, Vladimir Icon secretly moved to Vladimir by Prince Andrew Bogolyubsky
Bogolyubov Icon of the Mother of God, Commemorated on June 18; One night in the summer of 1155, Prince Andrew secretly removed the wonderworking Icon of the Mother of God from the Vyshgorod church without the blessing of his father, Prince George Dolgoruky, and started northward toward Suzdal'. Some sources say that his father bequeathed the Icon to Prince Andrew. Later, this Icon would be known as the Vladimir Icon (August 26, June 23, May 21). Tradition says it was one of the Icons painted by the Holy Evangelist Luke (October 18), or a copy made from the original. versts from Vladimir, the cart carrying the wonderworking Icon stopped and could not be moved from that spot. Prince Andrew asked the priest Nicholas, who accompanied him, to serve a Moleben before the Icon. For a long time Andrew prayed before the holy image with tears. Later, he went into his tent and continued his fervent prayers. The Most Holy Theotokos appeared to him holding a small scroll in her right hand, and said: "I do not wish you to take my Icon to Rostov, but to the city of Vladimir. Here, in this place (the site of her miraculous appearance), you shall build a stone church and a monastery in honor of my Nativity." the All-Holy Virgin lifted one hand toward Heaven, and received a blessing from Christ the Savior, and the vision ended. obedience to the will of the Mother of God, Prince Andrew built a stone church dedicated to her Nativity, as well as a monastery. After this, the Prince commissioned skilled iconographers to depict the All-Holy Virgin just as he had seen her in his vision: in full stature, with a scroll1 in her right hand, and her face turned toward the Savior in the upper right hand corner. When the church was completed, the Icon he had commissioned was placed inside, and June 18 was designated as the annual commemoration of the appearance of the Mother of God. The Icon depicting the appearance of the Most Holy Theotokos remained at Bogolyubov and was called the Bogolyubov Icon. Andrew named both the monastery and the city which sprang up around it Bogolyubov because as he himself said, "the Mother of God loves this place." The Prince also became known as Bogolyubsky ("the lover of God"). The Vladimir Icon remained in the convent until work was completed on the Dormition Cathedral at Vladimir, then it was solemly transferred to the cathedral. Bogolyubov Icon of the Mother of God has been glorified by countless miracles, and over the course of many centuries she has consoled the pious Christians of Russia, and has healed their infirmities. The fame of the miracles which took place before her Icon have inspired the faithful in many places to make copies of this holy Icon, some of which are also wonderworking. Moscow Bogolyubov Icon (1157) shows several saints gathered before the Theotokos: the Metropolitans of Moscow Peter, Alexis, Jonah, and Philip; The blessed Basil and Maxim, fools for Christ; Venerable Paraskeve; Saint Basil the Great; Saint Alexis the Man of God; Symeon, the kinsman of the Lord; the Apostle Peter; the monastic martyr Eudokia; and the Martyr Paraskeve. In some variants of the Icon the following Saints are also included: Saint Onouphrios, Venerable Mary of Egypt, Zosimas and Sabbatius, and the Great Martyrs Barbara and Katherine. 1771 an annual feast day was established in in honor of the Bogolyubov Icon to commemorate the deliverance of the city of Vladimir and the surrounding area from plague. As soon as the Icon was brought to Vladimir, the plague disappeared. It became customary to bring the Icon from Bogolyubovo to Vladimir on May 21. As many people as possible took turns in carrying the Icon at different times to and from Vladimir Province. The Icon stayed at Bogolyubovo Monastery, 10 versts from the city. In 1820, the inhabitants of the city of Vladimir adorned the Icon with an expensive riza. the Bolshevik Revolution, the Icon was customarily brought to the city of Vladimir on May 21, where it remained until July 16, when it was returned to the monastery. The scroll on the Icon reads: O Most Gracious Master, Lord Jesus Christ, my Son and my God, hear the prayer of Your Mother, for she is praying for the world. Kiev Rus King, 1125-1132, Mstislav I, The Great ; I Vladimirovich the Great or Mstislav the Great (1076 - April 14, 1132) was the Grand Prince of Kiev (Kyiv, 1125-1132), the eldest son of Vladimir II Monomakh by Gytha of Wessex.[1] is figured prominently in the Norse Sagas under the name Harald, to allude to his grandfather, Harold II of England. Mstislav's Christian name was Theodore. Commemoration of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God and the deliverance of Moscow from the Invasion of Tamerlane, Commemorated on August 26; Right-believing Great Prince Rostislav-Michael the Prince of Kiev, Commemorated on March 14 ;

Russia, Vladimir, 1157-1174, Andrey Bogolyubsky, Yuri D's son, strong, tried to unite V w Kiev&Novgrd, N Dvina, k, icon
Vladimir Great Prince, 1157-1174, Andrey Bogolyubsky; I Yuryevich, commonly known under his sobriquet Andrei the Pious (c. 1111 - June 28, 1174), was Grand prince of Vladimir-Suzdal from 1157 until his death. His reign saw a complete decline of Kiev's rule over northeastern Rus, and the rise of Vladimir as the new capital city. Andrei was known in the West as Scythian Caesar, and is canonized as a saint in the Russian Orthodox Church.[1] 1 Life 2 See also 3 References 4 External links Prince Saint Andrei Bogolyubsky, by Viktor Vasnetsov was the son of Yuri Dolgoruki,[2] who proclaimed Andrei a prince in Vyshgorod (near Kiev). His mother was a Polovtsian (Cuman) princess, khan Aepa's/Ayepa's daughter. left Vyshgorod in 1155 and moved to Vladimir. After his father's death (1157), he became Knyaz (prince) of Vladimir, Rostov and Suzdal.[1] Bogolyubsky tried to unite Rus' lands under his authority. From 1159 he persistently struggled for submission of Novgorod to his authority and conducted a complex military and diplomatic game in South Rus. In 1162, Andrey Bogolyubsky sent an embassy to Constantinople, lobbying for a separate metropolitan see in Vladimir. In 1169 his troops sacked Kiev, devastating it as never before.[3][4] After plundering the city,[5] stealing much religious artwork, which included the Byzantine "Mother of God" icon.[6] Andrei appointed his brother Gleb as prince of Kiev, in an attempt to unify his lands with Kiev.[7] Following his brother's death in 1171, Andrei became embroiled in a two-year war to maintain control over Kiev, which ended in his defeat.[7] achieved the right to receive a tribute from the population of the Northern Dvina land. Becoming "ruler of all Suzdal land", Andrei Bogolyubsky transferred his capital to Vladimir, strengthened it and constructed the magnificent Assumption Cathedral,[2] the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl,[8] and other churches and monasteries. Under his leadership Vladimir was much enlarged, and fortifications were built around the city.[9] the same time the castle Bogolyubovo was built next to Vladimir, and was a favorite residence of his.[9] In fact he received his nickname "Bogolyubsky" in honor of this place. It was he who brought the Theotokos of Vladimir to the city whose name it now bears. During Andrei Bogolyubsky's reign the Vladimir-Suzdal principality attained significant power and was the strongest among the Rus' principalities.[citation needed] of princely authority and conflict with outstanding boyars was the cause of a plot against Andrei Bogolyubsky, as a result of which he was killed on the night of June 28 to June 29, 1174.[6] Twenty of his disgruntled retainers burst into his chambers and slew Andrei in his bed.[6] His silver-inlaid war axe can now be viewed at the State Historical Museum in Moscow. son, Yuri Bogolyubsky, was the first husband of Queen Tamar of Georgia. An ancient icon, Theotokos of Bogolyubovo, is associated with him.[citation needed] St John the Archbishop and Wonderworker of Novgorod, Commemorated on September 7; Icon of the Mother of God "Mirozh", Commemorated September 24 ; Commemoration of the Weeping Icon of the Mother of God of the SignÂ at Novgorod, Commemorated on November 27; Venerable Gerasimus of Vologda, Commemorated on March 4; St Cyril the Bishop of Turov, Commemorated on April 28; St Nikita the Bishop of Novgorod and Recluse, of the Kiev Far Caves, Commemorated on May 14; Icon of the Mother of God œthe God LovingÂ, Commemorated on June 18; Burial of St Andrew the Prince, Commemorated on July 4 ; Prince Andrew Bogoliubsky (1110-1174), a grandson of Vladimir Monomakh, was the son of Yurii Dolgoruky and a Polovetsian princess (in holy Baptism Maria). While still in his youth he was called “Bogoliubskyâ€ (“God-lovingâ€) for his profound attention to prayer, his diligence for church services and “his adoption of secret prayers to God.â€ From his grandfather, Vladimir Monomakh, the grandson inherited great spiritual concentration, love for the Word of God and the habit of turning to the Scripture in all the circumstances of life. brave warrior [Andrew means “braveâ€], a participant in his military father’s many campaigns, more than once he came close to death in battle. But each time Divine Providence invisibly saved the princely man of prayer. Thus for example, on February 8, 1150, in a battle near Lutsk, Saint Andrew was saved from the spear of an enemy German by a prayer to the Great Martyr Theodore Stratelates, whose memory was celebrated that day. chronicles also stress Saint Andrew’s peace-making activity, a rare trait among the princes and military commanders of those harsh times. The combination of military valor with love for peace and mercy, of great humility with indomitable zeal for the Church were present in Prince Andrew in the highest degree. A responsible master of the land, and a constant coworker in the city construction and church building activity of Yurii Dolgoruky, he built with his father: Moscow (1147), Iuriev-Polsk (1152), Dmitrov (1154), and he also adorned the cities of Rostov, Suzdal’, and Vladimir with churches. In 1162 Saint Andrew could say with satisfaction, “I have built up white Rus with cities and settlements, and have rendered it with much populace.â€ Yurii Dolgoruky became Great Prince of Kiev in 1154, he gave his son Vyshgorod near Kiev as his appanage (land given by kings and princes to their younger children for their support), but God willed otherwise. One night in the summer of 1155, the wonderworking Icon of the Mother of God in the Vyshgorod church was removed. This icon was painted by the holy Evangelist Luke, and in some period before this had been transferred here from Constantinople. Later, it was called the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God. On this night with the icon in hand, holy Prince Andrew left Vyshgorod going northwards to the Suzdal territory, secretly and without the blessing of his father, mindful only of the will of God. miracle of this holy icon, which occured on the way from Vyshgorod to Vladimir, was recorded by a clergyman of Prince Andrew, “the priest Mikulaâ€ [Nicholas], in his “Reports of the Miracles of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God.â€ versts before reaching Vladimir, the horse bearing the icon suddenly stopped. During the night the Mother of God appeared to Saint Andrew with a scroll in her hand and commanded, “I do not want you to take my icon to Rostov, but rather leave it in Vladimir. Build a stone church here in the name of My Nativity.â€ In memory of this miraculous event, Saint Andrew commissioned an iconographer to paint an icon of the Mother of God the way that the All-Pure Virgin had appeared to him. He established Feast of this icon as June 18. The icon, named the Bogoliubsk, was afterwards glorified by numerous miracles. the place decreed by the Queen of Heaven, Prince Andrew built (in 1159) the church of the Nativity of the Most Holy Theotokos. He also remained in the city of Bogoliubov, which became his constant dwelling and the place of his martyric end. his father Yurii Dolgoruky died (+ May 15, 1157), Saint Andrew did not take up his father’s throne at Kiev, but rather remained prince at Vladimir. During the years 1158-1160 was built the Dormition cathedral at Vladimir, and in it was placed the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God. In the year 1164 the Golden Gates were set in place, over which was the church of the Placing of the Robe of the Mother of God, and also the church of the Savior at the princely court. churches were built by Prince Andrew during the years of his rule. The finest of them is the Dormition cathedral. The richness and splendor of the church helped to spread Orthodoxy among the surrounding peoples and foreign merchants. Saint Andrew had directed that all travellers, whether Latins or pagans, were to be led into the churches he built and to have “true Christianityâ€ pointed out to them. The chronicler writes: “Both Bulgars, and Jews, and every sort of common person, beholding the glory of God and churchly adornment, came to be baptized.â€ conquest of the great Volga journey-way became for Saint Andrew a fundamental task of his civil service to Russia. The Volga Bulgars from the time of the campaigns of Svyatoslav (+ 972) presented a serious danger to the Russian state. Saint Andrew continued with the initiatives of Svyatoslav. shattering blow was struck against the enemy in 1164, when Russian forces burned and destroyed several Bulgar fortresses. Saint Andrew took with him on this campaign the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God and a two-sided icon, on one side was depicted the Icon of the Savior “Not-Made-by-Hands,â€ and the “Veneration of the Crossâ€ on the opposite side. [At the present time both icons are in the Tretyakov State Gallery.] great miracle from the holy icons occurred for the Russian army on the day of the decisive victory over the Bulgars, August 1, 1164. After the destruction of the Bulgar army, the princes (Andrew, his brother Yaroslav, his son Izyaslav and others) returned towards the infantry standing by the princely standards with the Vladimir Icon, and they made a prostration before the Icon, “bestowing on it praise and song.â€ And then all beheld the blinding rays of light, issuing from the face of the Mother of God and the Savior Not-Made-by-Hands. a faithful son of the Orthodox Church in all things, vigilant in belief and canons, Saint Andrew turned to the Patriarch of Constantinople with a filial request to establish a separate metropolitan for northeastern Rus. And with the prince’s letter of accord there journeyed to Byzantium the candidate chosen by the prince, Archimandrite Theodore of Suzdal. Patriarch Luke Chrysoverges, however, only agreed to consecrate Theodore as Bishop of Vladimir, but not as Metropolitan. Yet at the same time, wanting to uphold the position of Prince Andrew as the most powerful among the rulers of the Russian Land, the Patriarch honored Bishop Theodore with the right to wear the white klobuk [monastic head covering], which in ancient Rus was a distinctive sign of church autonomy. Such recognition (the white klobuk) was also granted to the Archbishop of Novgorod. Evidently, since the Russian chronicles speak of Bishop Theodore with the title of “White Klobukâ€, much later historians sometimes call him “the bishop of an autonomous diocese.â€ the year 1167 Saint Rostislav died at Kiev. He was the twin brother of Andrew, and had been able to carry out compromise during the complicated political and churchly life of the time. But after this, there was dispatched from Constantinople a new metropolitan, Constantine II. The new metropolitan demanded that Bishop Theodore come before him to be confirmed in his position. Saint Andrew again went to Constantinople for the affirmation of the autonomous status of the Vladimir diocese and again he requested a separate metropolitanate. The letter of reply from Patriarch Luke Chrysoverges has been preserved. It contains a categorical refusal for establishing a new metropolitan, a demand to accept the expelled bishop Leo, and to submit to the Metropolitan of Kiev. fulfilling this churchly obedience, Saint Andrew urged Bishop Theodore to journey in repentance to Kiev for the restoration of canonical relations with the Metropolitan. The repentance of Bishop Theodore was not accepted. Without investigation by a council, and in accord with the Byzantine morals of the time, Metropolitan Constantine condemned him to a terrible execution. Saint Theodore’s tongue was cut out, they cut off his right hand, and then they gouged out his eyes. After this he was drowned by servants of the Metropolitan (by other accounts, he died in prison). only the churchly, but also the political affairs of Southern Rus demanded the decisive response of the Great Prince of Vladimir. On 8 March 8, 1169 an army of allied princes with Andrew’s son Mstislav at the head conquered Kiev. The city was devastated and burned, and the Polovetsians participating in the campaign did not spare even the churchly treasures. The Russian chronicles viewed this event as something that was deserved: “These misfortunes were for their sins (the Kievans), especially for the outrage perpetuated by the Metropolitan.â€ In the same year (1169) the prince moved an army against unruly Novgorod, but they were repulsed by a miracle of the Novgorod Icon of the Mother of God of the Sign (November 27), which had been carried along the city walls by holy Archbishop John (September 7). But when the understandable wrath of the Great Prince gave way to mercy, and in peace he summoned the Novgorod people to him, the blessing of God returned to him. Novgorod accepted the prince appointed by Saint Andrew. such a manner, towards the end of 1170, Saint Andrew Bogoliubsky was able to attain the unity of the Russian Land under his rule. the winter of 1172 he sent a large army under the command of his son Mstislav against the Volga Bulgars. The Russian forces gained the victory, but their joy was overshadowed by the death of the valiant Mstislav (March 28, 1172). the night of June 30, 1174 holy Prince Andrew Bogoliubsky accepted a martyr’s death at the hands of traitors in his own household. The Tver Chronicle relates that Saint Andrew was murdered at the instigation of his second wife (a Volga Bulgar), who participated in the conspiracy. At the head of the conspiracy stood her brothers, the Kuchkovichi: “and they commited murder in the night, as did Judas against the Lord.â€ A throng of assassins, twenty men, burst in upon the court, they killed the few guards and stormed into the bedchamber of the unarmed prince. The sword of Saint Boris, which hung constantly over his bed, had been treacherously removed that night by the steward Anbal. The prince succeeded in pushing the first of his assailants down on the floor. The conspirators then mistakenly ran him through with their swords. Soon they realised their mistake, “and then they perceived the prince, and he fought much with them, for he was strong, and they did thrust with swords and sabres, and gave him copious wounds.â€ The forehead of the holy prince was struck on the side with a spear, while all the remaining blows from the cowardly assassins were dealt from behind. When the prince finally fell, they abruptly rushed out of the bedchamber, taking along their murdered accomplice. saint was still alive, however. With his final strength he lowered himself along the palace stairway, hoping to alert a guard. Instead, his groans were heard by the assassins and they turned back. The prince was able to hide himself in a niche below the stairway and so they passed by him. The conspirators rushed to the bedchamber but did not find the prince there. “Disaster stands before us, since the prince is alive,â€ the assassins cried out in terror. But all around it was quiet, and no one came to the aid of the suffering prince. Then the evil-doers again regained their boldness, they lit candles and followed the bloody trail to seek out their victim. Prayer was on the lips of Saint Andrew when the assassins again surrounded him. Russian Church remembers and venerates its martyrs and makers. A special place belongs to Saint Andrew Bogoliubsky. Having taken in his hands the wonderworking icon of the Vladimir Mother of God, the holy prince, as it were, blessed the major events of Russian history with it. In 1395 was the year of the transfer of the Vladimir Icon to Moscow and the deliverance of the capital from the invasion of Tamerlane (August 26); the year 1480 marks the salvation of Rus from the invasion of Khan Akhmat and the ultimate collapse of the Mongol Horde (June 23); in the year 1521 Moscow was saved from the invasion of the Crimean Khan Makhmet-Girei (May 21). Through the prayers of Saint Andrew, his fondest dreams for the Russian Church came true. In the year 1300, Metropolitan Maximus transferred the metropolitan See of All-Russia from Kiev to Vladimir, making the Dormition cathedral the foremost cathedral of the Russian Church. There rest the relics of Saint Andrew, and the Vladimir wonderworking Icon is its chief holy object. on, when the center of the Russian Church was moved to Moscow, selections of the metropolitans and patriarchs of the Russian Church were made before the Vladimir Icon. In the year 1448, a Council of Russian bishops raised up the first metropolitan of the autocephalous Russian Church, Saint Jonah. On November 5, 1917, in front of it was made the selection of His Holiness Patriarch Saint Tikhon, the first such election after the restoration of the patriarchate in the Russian Church. And in 1971, on the Feast of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God, the enthronment of His Holiness Patriarch Pimen took place. liturgical activity of Saint Andrew was multi-faceted and fruitful. In 1162 the Lord granted the holy prince a great solace: in Rostov there was discovered the relics of Rostov saints -- the holy hierarchs Isaiah and Leontius. The glorification of these Rostov saints throughout all the Church took place somewhat later, but Saint Andrew initiated their national veneration. In 1164 the military forces of Saint Andrew crushed their long-time enemy, the Volga Bulgars. The victories of the Orthodox nation were marked by a blossoming of liturgical creativity within the Russian Church. this same year of 1164, at the initiative of Saint Andrew, the Church established the Feast of the All-Merciful Savior and the Most Holy Theotokos on August 1 (venerated by the Russian people as “Savior of the First Honeyâ€), in memory of the Baptism of Rus by holy Equal of the Apostles Vladimir and in memory of the victory over the Bulgars in 1164. The Feast of the Protection of the Mother of God on October 1 embodied in liturgical forms the faith of the holy prince and all the Orthodox nation in the acceptance by the Mother of God of Holy Rus beneath Her omophorion. The Protection of the Theotokos became one of the most beloved of Russian Church Feasts. The Protection is a Russian national holiday, unknown to the Latin West. It is a liturgical continuation and creative development of theological ideas inherent to the Feast of the Placing of the Robe of the Mother of God on July 2. first church consecrated to the new Feast was the Protection church at Nerla (1165), a remarkable monument of Russian Church architecture, built by the master artisans of Saint Andrew at the head-waters of the River Nerla, so that the prince could always see it from a window of his Bogoliubov garret. Andrew took an active part in the literary work of the Vladimir church writers. He participated in the compiling of the Service of the Protection (the most ancient copy is in the manuscript of a fourteenth century Psalter), and also a preface about the establishment of the Feast of the Protection in the Great Reading Menaion for October, as well as a “Discourse on the Protection.â€ He wrote an “Account of the Victory over the Bulgars and the Establishing of the Feast of the Savior in the Year 1164,â€ which in several of the old manuscripts is called, “Discourse concerning the Mercy of God by Great Prince Andrew Bogoliubsky.â€ The fate of Bogoliubsky is also noted in the Vladimir Chronicle entry for the year 1177, completed after the death of the prince by his confessor, the priest Mikula, who inserted his special “Account of the Murder of Saint Andrew.â€ To Saint Andrew’s time belongs also the final editing of the “Account of Boris and Gleb,â€ inserted into the “Dormition Sbornikâ€ (“Compendiumâ€ or “Book of Collected Servicesâ€ of these Rostov saints). The prince particularly venerated Saint Boris, and his chief household treasure was a cap belonging to Saint Boris. Saint Boris’s sword always hung over his bed. Another memorial of Saint Andrew’s prayerful inspiration is “A Prayer,â€ included in the chronicle under the year 1096 after the “Instructions of Vladimir Monomakh.â€

Russia, Vladimir, 1172-1188, George the Russian, Yury Bogolyubsky, Yuri D's gson, Novgorod Prince, m Tamar
Russia, Vladimir, 1172-1188, George the Russian, Yury Bogolyubsky; Vladimir Great Prince, 1157-1174, Andrey Bogolyubsky; Right-believing Tamara, Queen of Georgia, Commemorated on May 1;

Russia, Vladimir, 1175-1176, Mikhail of Vladimir, Yuri D's son, Big Nest's older b
Russia, Vladimir, 1175-1176, Mikhail of Vladimir; Vladimir, 1173-1212, Great Prince Vsevolod III the Big Nest ;

Russia, Vladimir, 1177-1212, Vsevolod III the Big Nest, Yuri D's 11th son, long reign in Vladimir, m Georgian
Vladimir, 1173-1212, Great Prince Vsevolod III the Big Nest ; Venerable Pambo the Recluse of the Kiev Far Caves, Commemorated on July 18; St Martyrius, Archbishop of Novgorod, Commemorated on August 24 ; St John the Archbishop and Wonderworker of Novgorod, Commemorated on September 7; Icon of the Mother of God "Mirozh", Commemorated September 24 ; Venerable Abramius the Archimandrite of Rostov, Commemorated on October 29; Repose of St Alexander Nevsky, Commemorated on November 23; Venerable Xenophon of Robika, Commemorated on January 26; St Ignatius, Wonderworker and Bishop of Smolensk, Commemorated on January 29; St Laurence the Recluse of the Kiev Caves, Far Caves, and Bishop of Turov, Near Caves, Commemorated on January 29; Right-believing George the Great Prince of Vladimir, Commemorated on February 4; Right-believing Prince Basil (Vasilko) of Rostov, Commemorated on March 4; Venerable Gerasimus of Vologda, Commemorated on March 4; Venerable Sophronius the Recluse of the Kiev Caves, Commemorated on March 11; Finding of the relics of St Basil the Prince of Yaroslavl, Commemorated on June 8; St Peter, Tonsured David, the Wonderworker of Murom, Commemorated on June 25; Right-believing Prince Basil of Yaroslavl, Commemorated on July 3;

Russia, Vladimir, 1200-1299, 13th Century Folder, Fall to the Tartars, then Andrew Nevsky

Russia, Vladimir, 1208-1218, Konstantin of Rostov, disinherited by Big Nest, for Yuri II, d Yuri II
Russia, Rostov, 1208-1218, Konstantin of Rostov, Grand Prince of Vladimir; Vsevolodovich (May 18, 1186 in Rostov - February 2, 1218) was the eldest son of Vsevolod the Big Nest and Maria Shvarnovna. 1206 and 1207, he was the prince of Novgorod. In 1207, his father sent him to rule the towns of Rostov and Yaroslavl. In consequence of one domestic squabble, Vsevolod disinherited Konstantin on his deathbed and bequeathed his capital Vladimir to a younger son, Yuri II. In the Battle of Lipitsa (1216), Konstantin and his ally Mstislav of Novgorod soundly defeated Yuri and occupied Vladimir. Konstantin's death in 1218, Yuri returned to the throne. Konstantin's descendants, meanwhile, retained the towns of Rostov and Yaroslavl, where they would reign until the late 15th century. Thus, numerous princely families of Russia issue from this prince. Konstantin is also remembered for building the new Assumption Cathedral in Rostov and three brick cathedrals in Yaroslavl. Right-believing Prince Basil (Vasilko) of Rostov, Commemorated on March 4; Prince Basil of Rostov belonged in lineage to the Suzdal Monomashichi, famed in Russian history. The saint’s great-grandfather was Yuri Dolgoruky, and his grandfather was Great Prince Vsevolod III “Big-Nestâ€ (+ 1212), brother to Saint Andrew Bogoliubsky (July 4), who had been heir to and continuer of Saint Andrew Bogoliubsky’s work. From Vladimir-on-Klyazma, which became the capital of the old Rostovo-Suzdal principality, Vsevolod Big-Nest single-handedly set the course of affairs of the whole of Great Rus. The Lay of Igor’s Campaign says that he could splash the Volga with oars, and bail out the Don with helmets. oldest grandson of Vsevolod from his oldest son Constantine, Saint Basil was born on December 7, 1208 in Rostov, where his father ruled as prince. He spent his childhood there, and in 1216, when Constantine Vsevolodovich became Great Prince of Vladimir, Rostov was apportioned to Basil (he was then eight years old) as his princely appanage to rule himself. valor, sacred duty of service to country, the sense of justice and the heeding of one’s elders, all these are traditional features of a Russian princely defender of the land, and all were present in Basil. The saint’s father, Great-prince Constantine, died on February 2, 1218, when Basil was not yet ten years of age. The guide of the young Rostov prince then became his uncle, the Great Prince Saint Yuri of Vladimir (February 4). twenty years Prince Yuri ruled Vladimir, and for all these years Basil was his closest friend and confidant. The chronicles take note of the vibrantly handsome figure of Basil, his bright and majestic glance, his daring in trapping wild game, his beneficence, his mind and deep studiousness, together with his mildness and good-nature in relations with the nobles: Whoever served him, whoever ate his bread and drank the cup with him, could never be the servant of another prince. the year 1219 Basil participated in a campaign of the Vladimir-Suzdal forces against the Volga Bulgars, and in 1221 in a campaign to the mouth of the River Oka. Saint Yuri was then held hostage at Nizhni Novgorod. 1223 the first Tatars (Mongols) appeared on the southern steppes, “an unknown peopleâ€, coming out of Asia. Their first victims were the Polovetsians allied with Rus. The Russian princes, with the Polovetsian khans (many of whom had accepted Holy Baptism), decided to resist the plunderers of the steppes before they reached the Russian Land. Saint Basil headed an auxiliary detachment, sent by Great Prince Yuri to participate in the Russian steppe campaign. enemy showed up sooner than they expected. And the centuries-old division of appenage principalities proved incapable of effective action in a large scale war. The detachment of Basil was not in time for the decisive battle, and from Chernigov came the sad news of the destruction of the Russian forces at the River Kalka on June 16, 1223. This was a bad omen, and the storm loomed on the east. Basil and his company returned to Rostov. 1227 (or 1228) Basil married, taking Maria, daughter of Saint Michael of Chernigov (September 20) as his wife. Basil’s uncle, Saint Yuri, had previously married Saint Michael’s sister [i.e. Basil’s uncle Yuri had married Maria’s aunt]. In 1231 Basil’s oldest son Boris was born. storm clouds thickened over Russia. On May 3, 1230, “the earth shook during Liturgyâ€, and famine and pestilence came upon Rus that year. In 1232 the Tatars made winter camp, having barely reached the capital of the Volga Bulgars. Life took its course, and Prince Yuri in 1236 married off his sons Vladimir and Mstislav, and Basil rejoiced at their weddings. All of them, however, had little more than a year to live, for the Tatars had already taken the Volga-Bulgarian land. 1237 the Tatar whirlwind broke upon Rus. In December Ryazan fell under Batu. Prince Yuri had decided not to send his forces over to provide assistance, since he was faced with the difficult defense of Vladimir. The Tatars offered him peace, and he was prepared to negotiate. But the conditions of the peace, tribute and vassal servitude under the Khan, were unacceptable. “A glorious fight,â€ said the prince, “is better than a shameful peace.â€ The first battle with the Tatars was at Kolomna, and Vsevolod Yurievich commanded the troops, but they were cut to pieces. The enemy turned then towards Moscow, which they captured and burned. Yuri’s other son, Vladimir, was captured while leading the defense of Moscow. Yuri and his faithful companion Saint Basil were determined to fight “for the Orthodox Christian Faithâ€ against the “godlessly vile Tatars.â€ Having organized his defenses and leaving his sons Vsevolod and Mstislav at Vladimir, Prince Yuri went beyond the Volga to gather new troops to replace those annihilated by Batu. him were his nephews, Saint Basil of Rostov and his company, and his brothers, Vsevolod and Vladimir. The Great Prince awaited the arrival of his brothers Yaroslav and Svyatoslav and their forces. Meatfare Saturday, February 3, 1238, quickly and without hindrance upon the wintry roads, the Tatar army approached Vladimir. Despite heroic defense, the fate of the city was sealed. Bishop Metrophanes for spiritual strength tonsured all the princes and princesses remaining in the city into the angelic schema. The city fell on February 7. final outpost of the Vladimirites was the Dormition cathedral, repository of the most holy object in Russia: the wonderworking Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God. The Tatars piled wood and kindling around the cathedral and made a tremendous fire. Bishop Metrophanes died in the fire and smoke, together with a thousand defenseless women and children, and Prince Yuri’s entire family: his wife Agathia, daughter Theodora, daughters-in-law Maria and Christina, and the infant grandson Demetrius. His sons Vsevolod and Mstislav, together with the previously captured Vladimir, were subjected to tortures and then slaughtered “before the eyes of the Khanâ€. (In several of the old collections of Saints’ Lives, all of them are listed as saints). Yuri had been with his forces near Yaroslavl. Learning of the destruction of the capital and the death of those near and dear to him, “he lamented in a loud voice with tears.â€ He said it would be better for him to die rather than continue to live in this world, since he alone survived. Saint Basil, arriving with the Rostov company, encouraged him to continue with the military effort. March 4, 1238 the decisive battle took place at the River Sita. The Tatars unexpectedly managed to encircle the Russian army, and a slaughter ensued. Few Russian warriors remained alive after this terrible battle, but the enemy paid an expensive price for its victory. Saint Yuri was cut down in distinguished combat, and the wounded Basil was brought to Batu’s headquarters. Tatars demanded that he “follow their vile customs, be subject to their will and fight for them.â€ The holy prince angrily refused to betray his homeland or Holy Orthodoxy. You cannot take the Christian Faith from me said the holy prince, like one of the ancient Christian confessors. They tortured him a great deal, and then killed him in the Shernsk woods. Thus did holy Prince Basil commit his soul to God, resembling in death the holy Passion-Bearer Boris (July 24), the first of the Rostov princes, whom he had imitated in life. Like Saint Boris, Saint Basil was not even thirty years of age. Cyril of Rostov, going out on the field of carnage, buried the fallen Orthodox warriors, and he sought the body of holy Prince Yuri (they did not find his cut-off head in the mass of broken bodies). He brought his holy relics to Rostov, to the Dormition cathedral. The body of Saint Basil was found in the Shernsk woods by a priest’s son and was taken to Rostov. There the prince’s wife, his children, Bishop Cyril and all the inhabitants of Rostov met the body of their beloved prince with bitter wailing, and they buried him beneath the arches of the cathedral church. the burial of Prince Basil, the chronicler said: The multitude of Orthodox people wept bitterly, when they saw the departed father and nourisher of orphans, the great comforter of the sorrowful, and... the setting of a luminous star.... By his martyr’s blood his transgressions and those of his brethren were washed away.â€ people regarded it as a sign of God’s mercy that the two princely comrades-in-arms were buried side by side in the Rostov cathedral church: Behold the wonder, in death God has placed their bodies together. (Later on, the relics of holy Prince Yuri were transferred to the restored Vladimir Dormition cathedral). Church venerates Saints Basil and Yuri as Passion-Bearers, and heroic defenders of the Russian Land. Their holy example has inspired Russian soldiers in the fight against hostile invaders. The most detailed account of the life and deeds of holy Princes Basil and Yuri is preserved in the Lavrentiev Chronicle, written by the monk Laurence with the blessing of Saint Dionysius, Archbishop of Suzdal, in the year 1377, three years before the Battle of Kulikovo Pole. Finding of the relics of St Basil the Prince of Yaroslavl, Commemorated on June 8; holy Princes Basil and Constantine Vsevolodovich of Yaroslavl. their youth they lost their father, Vsevolod, who fell in battle with the Tatars (Mongols). Saint Basil, the elder brother, succeeded to the throne. As prince, he had to face a multitude of concerns, tasks and sorrows. The city and the villages were devastated from the invasion of the Tatars, many households remained without shelter and food, and he had to concern himself about everything and about everyone. Besides this, it was necessary to gain the good will of the Tatar Khan, and the holy prince more than once journeyed for this reason to the Horde. He suffered also a family misfortune, the loss of his only son. his tribulations the holy prince suffered without complaint, and he ruled the princedom, like a true Christian. He did not enter into disputes with other princes, he concerned himself with the unfortunate among his subjects, and he built churches. But soon his life, filled with many sorrows, exhausted the strength of the prince, and he took sick and died in the year 1249. him holy Prince Constantine succeeded to the throne. He strove to imitate his brother, but to his great dismay, everywhere he saw pillage and murdering done by the Tatars. In 1257 the Tatars fell upon Yaroslavl itself. The prince came out to fight the enemy, but here in this battle he gave up his life for his country. In the year 1501 the incorrupt relics of the holy princes were uncovered and now rest in the Yaroslav cathedral.

Russia, Vladimir, 1212-1238, George Vsevolodovich, Yuri II, Nest's son, Yuri D's gson, Sit River
Vladimir Great Prince, 1212-1238, St George Vsevolodovich/a>; II (Russian: Ð®ÌÑ€Ð¸Ð¹â€“II), also known as George II of Vladimir or Georgy II Vsevolodovich (1189 – 4 March 1238), was the fourth Grand Prince of Vladimir (1212–1216, 1218–1238) who presided over Vladimir-Suzdal at the time of the Mongol invasion of Rus'. was the third and best-loved son of Vsevolod III and Maria Shvarnovna. first distinguished himself in the battles against Ryazan in 1208. His father wanted Yuri to inherit Rostov and his elder brother Konstantin to succeed him in Vladimir. The latter, however, declared that he would rule both towns or nothing at all. Thereupon Vsevolod disinherited Konstantin and passed the throne to Yuri. under the walls of Vladimir. Vsevolod's death, Konstantin allied himself with Mstislav the Bold and defeated Yuri and his other brothers on the Lipitsa River. Having gained Vladimir, Konstantin sent Yuri to rule Rostov and Yaroslavl. Two years later Konstantin died, and Yuri was allowed to return to Vladimir. his reign in Vladimir, Yuri waged several wars against Volga Bulgaria and founded the fortress of Nizhny Novgorod on the Volga River to secure the area from Bulgarian attacks. He installed his younger brother Yaroslav in Novgorod. When the Mongols first approached Russia in 1223, he sent a small unit against them, but it arrived too late to take part in the disastrous Battle of the Kalka River. the Mongols returned in 1237, Yuri treated their envoys with disdain. Likewise, he did not help Ryazan when Batu Khan laid siege to that city. His own capital, however, was the next in line. Yuri's sons were soundly defeated near Kolomna, and Yuri himself could barely escape to Yaroslavl. His wife Agatha (Mikhail of Kiev's sister) and all his family died in Vladimir when a church where they had sought refuge from the fire collapsed. himself was killed on 4 March 1238, in the Battle of the Sit River, whereby vast Mongol hordes defeated the army of Vladimir-Suzdal. The relics of the prince are in Dormition Cathedral, Vladimir. Icon of the Mother of God of St Theodore, Commemorated on August 16; Icon of the Mother of God of Kholm, Commemorated September 8 ; Translation of the relics of Venerable St John the Abbot of Rila in Bulgaria, Commemorated on October 19; Repose of St Alexander Nevsky, Commemorated on November 23; Venerable Xenophon of Robika, Commemorated on January 26; Right-believing George the Great Prince of Vladimir, Commemorated on February 4; Venerable Sophronius the Recluse of the Kiev Caves, Commemorated on March 11; Icon of the Mother of God of St Theodore, Commemorated on March 14; Martyr Abraham of Bulgaria, Commemorated on April 1; Greatmartyr, Victory-bearer and Wonderworker George, Commemorated on April 23; St Simeon the Bishop of Vladimir and Suzdal of the Kiev Near Caves, Commemorated on May 10; Finding of the relics of St Basil the Prince of Yaroslavl, Commemorated on June 8; St Peter, Tonsured David, the Wonderworker of Murom, Commemorated on June 25; St Basil the Bishop of Ryazan, Commemorated on July 3 ; Right-believing Prince Basil of Yaroslavl, Commemorated on July 3;

Russia, Vladimir, 1212-1238, G Prince, Yuri II, St George, d at Sit River, family d at V
Vladimir Great Prince, 1212-1238, Yuri II of Vladimir; II (Russian: Ð®ÌÑ€Ð¸Ð¹â€“II), also known as George II of Vladimir or Georgy II Vsevolodovich (1189 – 4 March 1238), was the fourth Grand Prince of Vladimir (1212–1216, 1218–1238) who presided over Vladimir-Suzdal at the time of the Mongol invasion of Rus'. was the third and best-loved son of Vsevolod III and Maria Shvarnovna. first distinguished himself in the battles against Ryazan in 1208. His father wanted Yuri to inherit Rostov and his elder brother Konstantin to succeed him in Vladimir. The latter, however, declared that he would rule both towns or nothing at all. Thereupon Vsevolod disinherited Konstantin and passed the throne to Yuri. under the walls of Vladimir. Vsevolod's death, Konstantin allied himself with Mstislav the Bold and defeated Yuri and his other brothers on the Lipitsa River. Having gained Vladimir, Konstantin sent Yuri to rule Rostov and Yaroslavl. Two years later Konstantin died, and Yuri was allowed to return to Vladimir. his reign in Vladimir, Yuri waged several wars against Volga Bulgaria and founded the fortress of Nizhny Novgorod on the Volga River to secure the area from Bulgarian attacks. He installed his younger brother Yaroslav in Novgorod. When the Mongols first approached Russia in 1223, he sent a small unit against them, but it arrived too late to take part in the disastrous Battle of the Kalka River. the Mongols returned in 1237, Yuri treated their envoys with disdain. Likewise, he did not help Ryazan when Batu Khan laid siege to that city. His own capital, however, was the next in line. Yuri's sons were soundly defeated near Kolomna, and Yuri himself could barely escape to Yaroslavl. His wife Agatha (Mikhail of Kiev's sister) and all his family died in Vladimir when a church where they had sought refuge from the fire collapsed. himself was killed on 4 March 1238, in the Battle of the Sit River, whereby vast Mongol hordes defeated the army of Vladimir-Suzdal. The relics of the prince are in Dormition Cathedral, Vladimir. Venerable Constantine the Abbot of Kosinsk, Pskov, Commemorated on July 29; Icon of the Mother of God of Kholm, Commemorated September 8 ; Repose of St Alexander Nevsky, Commemorated on November 23; Venerable Xenophon of Robika, Commemorated on January 26; Right-believing George the Great Prince of Vladimir, Commemorated on February 4; Venerable Sophronius the Recluse of the Kiev Caves, Commemorated on March 11; Martyr Abraham of Bulgaria, Commemorated on April 1; Greatmartyr, Victory-bearer and Wonderworker George, Commemorated on April 23; Right-believing Prince Basil of Yaroslavl, Commemorated on July 3; Venerable Pambo the Recluse of the Kiev Far Caves, Commemorated on July 18; Translation of the relics of Venerable St John the Abbot of Rila in Bulgaria, Commemorated on October 19;

Russia, Vladimir, 1216-1218, Konstantin of Rostov, Grand Prince of Vladimir, disinherited by Big Nest
Russia, Rostov, 1208-1218, Konstantin of Rostov, Grand Prince of Vladimir; Vsevolodovich (May 18, 1186 in Rostov - February 2, 1218) was the eldest son of Vsevolod the Big Nest and Maria Shvarnovna. 1206 and 1207, he was the prince of Novgorod. In 1207, his father sent him to rule the towns of Rostov and Yaroslavl. In consequence of one domestic squabble, Vsevolod disinherited Konstantin on his deathbed and bequeathed his capital Vladimir to a younger son, Yuri II. In the Battle of Lipitsa (1216), Konstantin and his ally Mstislav of Novgorod soundly defeated Yuri and occupied Vladimir. Konstantin's death in 1218, Yuri returned to the throne. Konstantin's descendants, meanwhile, retained the towns of Rostov and Yaroslavl, where they would reign until the late 15th century. Thus, numerous princely families of Russia issue from this prince. Konstantin is also remembered for building the new Assumption Cathedral in Rostov and three brick cathedrals in Yaroslavl. Right-believing Prince Basil (Vasilko) of Rostov, Commemorated on March 4; Prince Basil of Rostov belonged in lineage to the Suzdal Monomashichi, famed in Russian history. The saint’s great-grandfather was Yuri Dolgoruky, and his grandfather was Great Prince Vsevolod III “Big-Nestâ€ (+ 1212), brother to Saint Andrew Bogoliubsky (July 4), who had been heir to and continuer of Saint Andrew Bogoliubsky’s work. From Vladimir-on-Klyazma, which became the capital of the old Rostovo-Suzdal principality, Vsevolod Big-Nest single-handedly set the course of affairs of the whole of Great Rus. The Lay of Igor’s Campaign says that he could splash the Volga with oars, and bail out the Don with helmets. oldest grandson of Vsevolod from his oldest son Constantine, Saint Basil was born on December 7, 1208 in Rostov, where his father ruled as prince. He spent his childhood there, and in 1216, when Constantine Vsevolodovich became Great Prince of Vladimir, Rostov was apportioned to Basil (he was then eight years old) as his princely appanage to rule himself. valor, sacred duty of service to country, the sense of justice and the heeding of one’s elders, all these are traditional features of a Russian princely defender of the land, and all were present in Basil. The saint’s father, Great-prince Constantine, died on February 2, 1218, when Basil was not yet ten years of age. The guide of the young Rostov prince then became his uncle, the Great Prince Saint Yuri of Vladimir (February 4). twenty years Prince Yuri ruled Vladimir, and for all these years Basil was his closest friend and confidant. The chronicles take note of the vibrantly handsome figure of Basil, his bright and majestic glance, his daring in trapping wild game, his beneficence, his mind and deep studiousness, together with his mildness and good-nature in relations with the nobles: Whoever served him, whoever ate his bread and drank the cup with him, could never be the servant of another prince. the year 1219 Basil participated in a campaign of the Vladimir-Suzdal forces against the Volga Bulgars, and in 1221 in a campaign to the mouth of the River Oka. Saint Yuri was then held hostage at Nizhni Novgorod. 1223 the first Tatars (Mongols) appeared on the southern steppes, “an unknown peopleâ€, coming out of Asia. Their first victims were the Polovetsians allied with Rus. The Russian princes, with the Polovetsian khans (many of whom had accepted Holy Baptism), decided to resist the plunderers of the steppes before they reached the Russian Land. Saint Basil headed an auxiliary detachment, sent by Great Prince Yuri to participate in the Russian steppe campaign. enemy showed up sooner than they expected. And the centuries-old division of appenage principalities proved incapable of effective action in a large scale war. The detachment of Basil was not in time for the decisive battle, and from Chernigov came the sad news of the destruction of the Russian forces at the River Kalka on June 16, 1223. This was a bad omen, and the storm loomed on the east. Basil and his company returned to Rostov. 1227 (or 1228) Basil married, taking Maria, daughter of Saint Michael of Chernigov (September 20) as his wife. Basil’s uncle, Saint Yuri, had previously married Saint Michael’s sister [i.e. Basil’s uncle Yuri had married Maria’s aunt]. In 1231 Basil’s oldest son Boris was born. storm clouds thickened over Russia. On May 3, 1230, “the earth shook during Liturgyâ€, and famine and pestilence came upon Rus that year. In 1232 the Tatars made winter camp, having barely reached the capital of the Volga Bulgars. Life took its course, and Prince Yuri in 1236 married off his sons Vladimir and Mstislav, and Basil rejoiced at their weddings. All of them, however, had little more than a year to live, for the Tatars had already taken the Volga-Bulgarian land. 1237 the Tatar whirlwind broke upon Rus. In December Ryazan fell under Batu. Prince Yuri had decided not to send his forces over to provide assistance, since he was faced with the difficult defense of Vladimir. The Tatars offered him peace, and he was prepared to negotiate. But the conditions of the peace, tribute and vassal servitude under the Khan, were unacceptable. “A glorious fight,â€ said the prince, “is better than a shameful peace.â€ The first battle with the Tatars was at Kolomna, and Vsevolod Yurievich commanded the troops, but they were cut to pieces. The enemy turned then towards Moscow, which they captured and burned. Yuri’s other son, Vladimir, was captured while leading the defense of Moscow. Yuri and his faithful companion Saint Basil were determined to fight “for the Orthodox Christian Faithâ€ against the “godlessly vile Tatars.â€ Having organized his defenses and leaving his sons Vsevolod and Mstislav at Vladimir, Prince Yuri went beyond the Volga to gather new troops to replace those annihilated by Batu. him were his nephews, Saint Basil of Rostov and his company, and his brothers, Vsevolod and Vladimir. The Great Prince awaited the arrival of his brothers Yaroslav and Svyatoslav and their forces. Meatfare Saturday, February 3, 1238, quickly and without hindrance upon the wintry roads, the Tatar army approached Vladimir. Despite heroic defense, the fate of the city was sealed. Bishop Metrophanes for spiritual strength tonsured all the princes and princesses remaining in the city into the angelic schema. The city fell on February 7. final outpost of the Vladimirites was the Dormition cathedral, repository of the most holy object in Russia: the wonderworking Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God. The Tatars piled wood and kindling around the cathedral and made a tremendous fire. Bishop Metrophanes died in the fire and smoke, together with a thousand defenseless women and children, and Prince Yuri’s entire family: his wife Agathia, daughter Theodora, daughters-in-law Maria and Christina, and the infant grandson Demetrius. His sons Vsevolod and Mstislav, together with the previously captured Vladimir, were subjected to tortures and then slaughtered “before the eyes of the Khanâ€. (In several of the old collections of Saints’ Lives, all of them are listed as saints). Yuri had been with his forces near Yaroslavl. Learning of the destruction of the capital and the death of those near and dear to him, “he lamented in a loud voice with tears.â€ He said it would be better for him to die rather than continue to live in this world, since he alone survived. Saint Basil, arriving with the Rostov company, encouraged him to continue with the military effort. March 4, 1238 the decisive battle took place at the River Sita. The Tatars unexpectedly managed to encircle the Russian army, and a slaughter ensued. Few Russian warriors remained alive after this terrible battle, but the enemy paid an expensive price for its victory. Saint Yuri was cut down in distinguished combat, and the wounded Basil was brought to Batu’s headquarters. Tatars demanded that he “follow their vile customs, be subject to their will and fight for them.â€ The holy prince angrily refused to betray his homeland or Holy Orthodoxy. You cannot take the Christian Faith from me said the holy prince, like one of the ancient Christian confessors. They tortured him a great deal, and then killed him in the Shernsk woods. Thus did holy Prince Basil commit his soul to God, resembling in death the holy Passion-Bearer Boris (July 24), the first of the Rostov princes, whom he had imitated in life. Like Saint Boris, Saint Basil was not even thirty years of age. Cyril of Rostov, going out on the field of carnage, buried the fallen Orthodox warriors, and he sought the body of holy Prince Yuri (they did not find his cut-off head in the mass of broken bodies). He brought his holy relics to Rostov, to the Dormition cathedral. The body of Saint Basil was found in the Shernsk woods by a priest’s son and was taken to Rostov. There the prince’s wife, his children, Bishop Cyril and all the inhabitants of Rostov met the body of their beloved prince with bitter wailing, and they buried him beneath the arches of the cathedral church. the burial of Prince Basil, the chronicler said: The multitude of Orthodox people wept bitterly, when they saw the departed father and nourisher of orphans, the great comforter of the sorrowful, and... the setting of a luminous star.... By his martyr’s blood his transgressions and those of his brethren were washed away.â€ people regarded it as a sign of God’s mercy that the two princely comrades-in-arms were buried side by side in the Rostov cathedral church: Behold the wonder, in death God has placed their bodies together. (Later on, the relics of holy Prince Yuri were transferred to the restored Vladimir Dormition cathedral). Church venerates Saints Basil and Yuri as Passion-Bearers, and heroic defenders of the Russian Land. Their holy example has inspired Russian soldiers in the fight against hostile invaders. The most detailed account of the life and deeds of holy Princes Basil and Yuri is preserved in the Lavrentiev Chronicle, written by the monk Laurence with the blessing of Saint Dionysius, Archbishop of Suzdal, in the year 1377, three years before the Battle of Kulikovo Pole. Finding of the relics of St Basil the Prince of Yaroslavl, Commemorated on June 8; holy Princes Basil and Constantine Vsevolodovich of Yaroslavl. their youth they lost their father, Vsevolod, who fell in battle with the Tatars (Mongols). Saint Basil, the elder brother, succeeded to the throne. As prince, he had to face a multitude of concerns, tasks and sorrows. The city and the villages were devastated from the invasion of the Tatars, many households remained without shelter and food, and he had to concern himself about everything and about everyone. Besides this, it was necessary to gain the good will of the Tatar Khan, and the holy prince more than once journeyed for this reason to the Horde. He suffered also a family misfortune, the loss of his only son. his tribulations the holy prince suffered without complaint, and he ruled the princedom, like a true Christian. He did not enter into disputes with other princes, he concerned himself with the unfortunate among his subjects, and he built churches. But soon his life, filled with many sorrows, exhausted the strength of the prince, and he took sick and died in the year 1249. him holy Prince Constantine succeeded to the throne. He strove to imitate his brother, but to his great dismay, everywhere he saw pillage and murdering done by the Tatars. In 1257 the Tatars fell upon Yaroslavl itself. The prince came out to fight the enemy, but here in this battle he gave up his life for his country. In the year 1501 the incorrupt relics of the holy princes were uncovered and now rest in the Yaroslav cathedral.

Russia, Vladimir, 1219, Vladimir-Suzdal forces against Islamic Volga Bulgars
Scythia, 1219, Vladimir-Suzdal forces against Islamic Volga Bulgars ; Right-believing Prince Basil (Vasilko) of Rostov, Commemorated on March 4 ; Blessed Prince Gleb Andreevich the Son of St Andrew Bogoliubsky, Commemorated on June 20;

Russia, Vladimir, 1223, Battle of Kalka River, at Mariupol, Mongol Victory
Battle of Kalka River at Mariupol; Mongol Tartar Invasion 1223-1241; Venerable Pambo the Recluse of the Kiev Far Caves, Commemorated on July 18; Venerable Abramius the Archimandrite and Wonderworker of Smolensk, Commemorated August 21 ; Icon of the Mother of God "œof the Sign"Â, the "œKursk-Root"Â, Commemorated on September 8;

Russia, Vladimir, 1225-1246, Saint Michael of Chernigov, promoted trade, t routes K and Vohl, f Oleg Martyr
Novgorod, 1225-1246, Saint Michael of Chernigov; Martyr and Confessor Michael the Wonderworker of Chernigov, Commemorated on September 20 ; St Oleg the Prince of Briansk, Commemorated on September 20 ;

Russia, Vladimir, 1228-1238, Basil, Vasilko Konstantinovich, Rostov, heeded elders, war hero, k by Batu after Sita
Russia, Rostov, 1216-1238, Prince Basil, Vasilko Konstantinovich; Right-believing Prince Basil (Vasilko) of Rostov, Commemorated on March 4; Prince Basil of Rostov belonged in lineage to the Suzdal Monomashichi, famed in Russian history. The saint’s great-grandfather was Yuri Dolgoruky, and his grandfather was Great Prince Vsevolod III “Big-Nestâ€ (+ 1212), brother to Saint Andrew Bogoliubsky (July 4), who had been heir to and continuer of Saint Andrew Bogoliubsky’s work. From Vladimir-on-Klyazma, which became the capital of the old Rostovo-Suzdal principality, Vsevolod Big-Nest single-handedly set the course of affairs of the whole of Great Rus. The Lay of Igor’s Campaign says that he could splash the Volga with oars, and bail out the Don with helmets. oldest grandson of Vsevolod from his oldest son Constantine, Saint Basil was born on December 7, 1208 in Rostov, where his father ruled as prince. He spent his childhood there, and in 1216, when Constantine Vsevolodovich became Great Prince of Vladimir, Rostov was apportioned to Basil (he was then eight years old) as his princely appanage to rule himself. valor, sacred duty of service to country, the sense of justice and the heeding of one’s elders, all these are traditional features of a Russian princely defender of the land, and all were present in Basil. The saint’s father, Great-prince Constantine, died on February 2, 1218, when Basil was not yet ten years of age. The guide of the young Rostov prince then became his uncle, the Great Prince Saint Yuri of Vladimir (February 4). twenty years Prince Yuri ruled Vladimir, and for all these years Basil was his closest friend and confidant. The chronicles take note of the vibrantly handsome figure of Basil, his bright and majestic glance, his daring in trapping wild game, his beneficence, his mind and deep studiousness, together with his mildness and good-nature in relations with the nobles: Whoever served him, whoever ate his bread and drank the cup with him, could never be the servant of another prince. the year 1219 Basil participated in a campaign of the Vladimir-Suzdal forces against the Volga Bulgars, and in 1221 in a campaign to the mouth of the River Oka. Saint Yuri was then held hostage at Nizhni Novgorod. 1223 the first Tatars (Mongols) appeared on the southern steppes, “an unknown peopleâ€, coming out of Asia. Their first victims were the Polovetsians allied with Rus. The Russian princes, with the Polovetsian khans (many of whom had accepted Holy Baptism), decided to resist the plunderers of the steppes before they reached the Russian Land. Saint Basil headed an auxiliary detachment, sent by Great Prince Yuri to participate in the Russian steppe campaign. enemy showed up sooner than they expected. And the centuries-old division of appenage principalities proved incapable of effective action in a large scale war. The detachment of Basil was not in time for the decisive battle, and from Chernigov came the sad news of the destruction of the Russian forces at the River Kalka on June 16, 1223. This was a bad omen, and the storm loomed on the east. Basil and his company returned to Rostov. 1227 (or 1228) Basil married, taking Maria, daughter of Saint Michael of Chernigov (September 20) as his wife. Basil’s uncle, Saint Yuri, had previously married Saint Michael’s sister [i.e. Basil’s uncle Yuri had married Maria’s aunt]. In 1231 Basil’s oldest son Boris was born. storm clouds thickened over Russia. On May 3, 1230, “the earth shook during Liturgyâ€, and famine and pestilence came upon Rus that year. In 1232 the Tatars made winter camp, having barely reached the capital of the Volga Bulgars. Life took its course, and Prince Yuri in 1236 married off his sons Vladimir and Mstislav, and Basil rejoiced at their weddings. All of them, however, had little more than a year to live, for the Tatars had already taken the Volga-Bulgarian land. 1237 the Tatar whirlwind broke upon Rus. In December Ryazan fell under Batu. Prince Yuri had decided not to send his forces over to provide assistance, since he was faced with the difficult defense of Vladimir. The Tatars offered him peace, and he was prepared to negotiate. But the conditions of the peace, tribute and vassal servitude under the Khan, were unacceptable. “A glorious fight,â€ said the prince, “is better than a shameful peace.â€ The first battle with the Tatars was at Kolomna, and Vsevolod Yurievich commanded the troops, but they were cut to pieces. The enemy turned then towards Moscow, which they captured and burned. Yuri’s other son, Vladimir, was captured while leading the defense of Moscow. Yuri and his faithful companion Saint Basil were determined to fight “for the Orthodox Christian Faithâ€ against the “godlessly vile Tatars.â€ Having organized his defenses and leaving his sons Vsevolod and Mstislav at Vladimir, Prince Yuri went beyond the Volga to gather new troops to replace those annihilated by Batu. him were his nephews, Saint Basil of Rostov and his company, and his brothers, Vsevolod and Vladimir. The Great Prince awaited the arrival of his brothers Yaroslav and Svyatoslav and their forces. Meatfare Saturday, February 3, 1238, quickly and without hindrance upon the wintry roads, the Tatar army approached Vladimir. Despite heroic defense, the fate of the city was sealed. Bishop Metrophanes for spiritual strength tonsured all the princes and princesses remaining in the city into the angelic schema. The city fell on February 7. final outpost of the Vladimirites was the Dormition cathedral, repository of the most holy object in Russia: the wonderworking Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God. The Tatars piled wood and kindling around the cathedral and made a tremendous fire. Bishop Metrophanes died in the fire and smoke, together with a thousand defenseless women and children, and Prince Yuri’s entire family: his wife Agathia, daughter Theodora, daughters-in-law Maria and Christina, and the infant grandson Demetrius. His sons Vsevolod and Mstislav, together with the previously captured Vladimir, were subjected to tortures and then slaughtered “before the eyes of the Khanâ€. (In several of the old collections of Saints’ Lives, all of them are listed as saints). Yuri had been with his forces near Yaroslavl. Learning of the destruction of the capital and the death of those near and dear to him, “he lamented in a loud voice with tears.â€ He said it would be better for him to die rather than continue to live in this world, since he alone survived. Saint Basil, arriving with the Rostov company, encouraged him to continue with the military effort. March 4, 1238 the decisive battle took place at the River Sita. The Tatars unexpectedly managed to encircle the Russian army, and a slaughter ensued. Few Russian warriors remained alive after this terrible battle, but the enemy paid an expensive price for its victory. Saint Yuri was cut down in distinguished combat, and the wounded Basil was brought to Batu’s headquarters. Tatars demanded that he “follow their vile customs, be subject to their will and fight for them.â€ The holy prince angrily refused to betray his homeland or Holy Orthodoxy. You cannot take the Christian Faith from me said the holy prince, like one of the ancient Christian confessors. They tortured him a great deal, and then killed him in the Shernsk woods. Thus did holy Prince Basil commit his soul to God, resembling in death the holy Passion-Bearer Boris (July 24), the first of the Rostov princes, whom he had imitated in life. Like Saint Boris, Saint Basil was not even thirty years of age. Cyril of Rostov, going out on the field of carnage, buried the fallen Orthodox warriors, and he sought the body of holy Prince Yuri (they did not find his cut-off head in the mass of broken bodies). He brought his holy relics to Rostov, to the Dormition cathedral. The body of Saint Basil was found in the Shernsk woods by a priest’s son and was taken to Rostov. There the prince’s wife, his children, Bishop Cyril and all the inhabitants of Rostov met the body of their beloved prince with bitter wailing, and they buried him beneath the arches of the cathedral church. the burial of Prince Basil, the chronicler said: The multitude of Orthodox people wept bitterly, when they saw the departed father and nourisher of orphans, the great comforter of the sorrowful, and... the setting of a luminous star.... By his martyr’s blood his transgressions and those of his brethren were washed away.â€ people regarded it as a sign of God’s mercy that the two princely comrades-in-arms were buried side by side in the Rostov cathedral church: Behold the wonder, in death God has placed their bodies together. (Later on, the relics of holy Prince Yuri were transferred to the restored Vladimir Dormition cathedral). Church venerates Saints Basil and Yuri as Passion-Bearers, and heroic defenders of the Russian Land. Their holy example has inspired Russian soldiers in the fight against hostile invaders. The most detailed account of the life and deeds of holy Princes Basil and Yuri is preserved in the Lavrentiev Chronicle, written by the monk Laurence with the blessing of Saint Dionysius, Archbishop of Suzdal, in the year 1377, three years before the Battle of Kulikovo Pole.

Russia, Vladimir, 1231-1243, Eupraxia, Pskov Princess, h left for Livonia, piety, abbess of her monastery, k by h stepson
Russia, Pskov, 1231-1243, Saint Eupraxia, Princess of Pskov; St Eupraxia's Monastery for John the Forerunner; St. Eupraxia, Princess of Pskov, Commemorated on October 16; Eupraxia, Princess of Pskov, in the world Euphrosyne, was the daughter of the Polotsk prince Rogvolod Borisovich, and an aunt to the holy Prince Dovmont-Timothy (May 20). was the wife of the Pskov prince Yaroslav Vladimirovich. Yaroslav fled from Pskov to Livonia and there married a German. with the Teutonic knights he made incursions several times upon the Russian lands, and in 1231 he seized Izborsk. the departure of her husband, Euphrosyne turned to deeds of piety. In the year 1243, she built a monastery on the banks of the River Velika named for Saint John the Forerunner, and became its abbess. to Livonia for a meeting with her former husband in the city of Odenpa (Bear’s Head), she was murdered (May 8, 1243) by a stepson, more accurately, the son of Yaroslav by his German wife. was buried at the cathedral of the monastery she founded. days after the death of Saint Eupraxia, a miracle occurred over her grave, when myrrh issued from an icon of the Savior. icon was called “The myrrh-bearing Savior”. countenance of the righteous princess was preserved on two icons. On the one she is depicted at prayer with Saint John the Forerunner and the holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called. The other icon with her likeness is beside the wonderworking icon of the Savior.

Russia, Vladimir, 1238, Battle of the Sit (Sita) River
Battle of the Sit (Sita) River;

Russia, Vladimir, 1238, Smolensk Icon leads Mercurius into Batu's Camp near Sita River
Russia, Vladimir, 1238, Smolensk Icon leads Mercurius into Batu's Camp; the year 1238, at the bespeaking of the icon, the self-sacrificing Orthodox warrior Mercurius went by night into the camp of Batu and killed many of the enemy, in whose number was their most powerful warrior. Having accepted a martyr’s death in battle, he was included by the Church in the ranks of the Saints (November 24). Appearance of the Smolensk Directress Icon of the Mother of God brought from Constantinople, Commemorated on July 28; Battle of the Sit (Sita) River;

Russia, Vladimir, 1238, Fall of Vladimir to the Tartar Army (1238)
On Meatfare Saturday, February 3, 1238, quickly and without hindrance upon the wintry roads, the Tatar army approached Vladimir. Despite heroic defense, the fate of the city was sealed. Bishop Metrophanes for spiritual strength tonsured all the princes and princesses remaining in the city into the angelic schema. The city fell on February 7. final outpost of the Vladimirites was the Dormition cathedral, repository of the most holy object in Russia: the wonderworking Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God. The Tatars piled wood and kindling around the cathedral and made a tremendous fire. Bishop Metrophanes died in the fire and smoke, together with a thousand defenseless women and children, and Prince Yuri'™s entire family: his wife Agathia, daughter Theodora, daughters-in-law Maria and Christina, and the infant grandson Demetrius. His sons Vsevolod and Mstislav, together with the previously captured Vladimir, were subjected to tortures and then slaughtered œbefore the eyes of the KhanÂ. (In several of the old collections of Saints™ Lives, all of them are listed as saints). Venerable Euphrosyne of Suzdal, Commemorated on September 18; Icon of the Mother of God "œElets-Chernigov"Â, Commemorated on February 5 ; Right-believing Prince Basil (Vasilko) of Rostov, Commemorated on March 4; Right-believing Prince Basil (Vasilko) of Rostov, Commemorated on March 4; Blessed Prince Gleb Andreevich the Son of St Andrew Bogoliubsky, Commemorated on June 20 ;

Russia, Vladimir, 1238, Fall of Vladimir to the Tartar Army, Battle of Sit (Sita) River
Russia, Vladimir, 1238, Fall of Vladimir to the Tartar Army, Battle of Sit River; Venerable Euphrosyne of Suzdal, Commemorated on September 18; Icon of the Mother of God œElets-ChernigovÂ, Commemorated on February 5 ; Right-believing Prince Basil (Vasilko) of Rostov, Commemorated on March 4; Right-believing Prince Basil (Vasilko) of Rostov, Commemorated on March 4; Blessed Prince Gleb Andreevich the Son of St Andrew Bogoliubsky, Commemorated on June 20 ;

Russia, Vladimir, 1238-1246, G Prince, Theodore Vsevolodovich (Yaroslav II), Nevsky's f, poisened by Kh's mother
Vladimir Great Prince, 1238-1246, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich (Yaroslav II of Vladimir) ; Icon of the Mother of God of St Theodore, Commemorated on August 16; St Charitina the Princess of Lithuania, Commemorated on October 5; Repose of St Alexander Nevsky, Commemorated on November 23; St Maximus, Metropolitan of Kiev, Commemorated on December 6; Venerable Xenophon of Robika, Commemorated on January 26; Right-Believing Prince Roman of Uglich, Commemorated on February 3; Icon of the Mother of God Elets-ChernigovÂ, Commemorated on February 5 ; Venerable Sophronius the Recluse of the Kiev Caves, Commemorated on March 11; Icon of the Mother of God of St Theodore, Commemorated on March 14; Icon of the Mother of God of St Theodore, Commemorated on March 14; Repose of St Theodore Yaroslavich the older brother of St Alexander Nevsky in Novgorod, Commemorated on June 5; Finding of the relics of St Basil the Prince of Yaroslavl, Commemorated on June 8; St Basil the Bishop of Ryazan, Commemorated on July 3 ; Right-believing Prince Basil of Yaroslavl, Commemorated on July 3;

Russia, Vladimir, 1249-1252, Alexander Nevsky's b, Yaroslavich, Andrey II, rose up, but fled to the Swedes
Russia, Vladimir, 1249-1252, Alexander Nevsky's Brother Andrew, Andrey II of Vladimir , he fled to the Swedes for help ; Repose of St Alexander Nevsky, Commemorated on November 23;

Russia, Vladimir, 1252-1263, G Prince, Alexander Nevsky, battles Neva and Ice, submitted to GH, greatest russian
Vladimir Great Prince, 1252-1263, Alexander Nevsky of Vladimir-Suzdal; Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky (13 May 1221[1] -“ 14 November 1263) served as Prince of Novgorod (1236-“40, 1241-“56 and 1258-1259), Grand Prince of Kiev (Kyiv, 1236-“52) and Grand Prince of Vladimir (1252-63) during some of the most difficult times in Kievan Rus' history. regarded as a key figure of medieval Ru', Alexander (a grandson of Vsevolod the Big Nest) rose to legendary status on account of his military victories over German and Swedish invaders. He preserved Russian statehood and Russian Orthodoxy, agreeing to pay tribute to the powerful Golden Horde. Metropolite Macarius canonized Alexander Nevsky as a saint of the Russian Orthodox Church in 1547.[2] and youth[edit] Tales of the Life and Courage of the Pious and Great Prince Alexander found in the Second Pskovian Chronicle, circa 1260--“1280, comes one of the first known references to the Great Prince: the will of God, prince Alexander was born from the charitable, people-loving, and meek the Great Prince Yaroslav, and his mother was Theodosia. As it was told by the prophet Isaiah: 'Thus sayeth the Lord: I appoint the princes because they are sacred and I direct them."... was taller than others and his voice reached the people as a trumpet, and his face was like the face of Joseph, whom the Egyptian Pharaoh placed as next to the king after him of Egypt. power was a part of the power of Samson and God gave him the wisdom of Solomon ... this Prince Alexander: he used to defeat but was never defeated ..."[3 in Pereslavl-Zalessky, Alexander was the second son of Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich and Feodosia Igorevna of Ryazan. His maternal grandfather was Igor Glebovich, the second son of Gleb Rostislavich, Prince of Ryazan (d. 1178). His maternal grandmother was Agrafena of Kiev, daughter of Rostislav I of Kiev. seemed to have no chance of claiming the throne of Vladimir. In 1236, however, the Novgorodians summoned him to become knyaz (or prince) of Novgorod and, as their military leader, to defend their northwest lands from Swedish and German invaders. to the Novgorod Chronicle written in the 14th century (more than a century after the events it recorded), the Swedish army had landed at the confluence of the rivers Izhora and Neva, Alexander and his small army suddenly attacked the Swedes on 15 July 1240 and defeated them. of the Neva saved Novgorod from a full-scale invasion from the West. of this battle, 19-year-old Alexander gained the sobriquet "Nevsky" (which means of Neva). victory, coming just three years after the disastrous Mongol invasion of the Rus' lands of the North West, strengthened Alexander's political influence, at the same time it worsened his relations with the boyars. He would soon have to leave Novgorod because of this conflict. non-Russian contemporary source mentions this supposed battle. The Chronicle identifies the alleged Swedish commander as "Spiridon" ( while names after Saint Spyridon appear in both West and East, it is by far much more common in Orthodox lands than Scandinavia. Furthermore, Sweden had stood on the brink of war with Norway ever since the Norwegians' infamous Varmland expedition in 1225.[4] Relations improved only after the Treaty of Lase in 1249, which was forged by the new Swedish strongman Birger Jarl.[5] Before the treaty, Norway remained an ally of the Folkungs, giving them refuge and providing men and arms. In this situation, it seems unlikely that Sweden could have been able to organize a major expedition against Novgorod. Swedes are not known to have carried out any other military campaigns between 1222 and 1249, making the claims about their forceful appearance at the Neva with Norwegians as their allies in 1240 seem questionable.) the Germans and Estonians invaded Pskov, the Novgorod authorities sent for Alexander. spring of 1241 he returned from exile, gathered an army, and drove out the invaders. Alexander and his men faced the Livonian heavy cavalry led by the bishop of Dorpat (Hermann, brother of Albert of Buxhoeveden). The Rus force met the enemy on the ice of Lake Peipus and defeated the German knights and the Estonian infantry during the Battle of the Ice on 5 April 1242. victory marked a significant event in the history of Russia. Foot soldiers of Novgorod had surrounded and defeated an army of knights, mounted on horseback and clad in thick armour. Nevsky's great victory against the Livonian Order apparently involved only a few knights killed rather than the hundreds claimed by the Russian chroniclers; decisive medieval and early-modern battles were won and lost by smaller margins than those seen in contemporary mass conflicts. the Livonian invasion, Nevsky continued to strengthen Russia's Northwest. He sent his envoys to Norway and, as a result, they signed a first peace treaty between Russia and Norway in 1251. Alexander led his army to Finland and successfully routed the Swedes, who had made another attempt to block the Baltic Sea from the Russians in 1256.[6] envoys of the Roman Pope attend Alexander Nevsky proved to be a cautious and far-sighted politician. He dismissed the Roman Curia's attempts to cause war between Russia and the Golden Horde, because he understood the uselessness of such war with the Tatars at a time when they were still a powerful force. seem to be unsure about Alexander's behavior when it came to his relations with Mongols. He may have thought that Catholicism presented a more tangible threat to Russian national identity than paying a tribute to the Khan, who had little interest in Slav religion and culture. is also argued that he intentionally kept the North Slav principalities and city states as vassals to the Mongols in order to preserve his own status and counted on the befriended Horde in case someone challenged his authority (he forced the citizens of Novgorod to pay tribute). tried to strengthen his authority at the expense of the boyars and at the same time suppress any anti-Mongol uprisings in the country (Novgorod Uprising of 1259). Orthodox Church also emphasizes tolerating present civil authority of any kind more than heterodox churches (see Romans 13), which in this case would include accepting Mongol vassalage as divine judgement. to one interpretation, Alexander's intentions were to protect scattered principalities of what would become Muscovy from repeated invasions by the Mongol army. is known to have gone to the Horde himself and achieved success in exempting Russians from fighting beside the Tatar army in its wars with other peoples. historians see Alexander's choice of subordination to the Golden Horde and refusal of cooperation with western countries and church as an important reaffirmation of East Slavs' Orthodox orientation (begun under Duke Vladimir of Kiev and his mother Olga).[7] Prince of Vladimir[edit] the conquest of the Principality of Vladimir by the Mongols in 1238, its reigning Prince, Yuri II Vsevolodovich, was killed in the Battle of the Sit River; his younger brother, Yaroslav II Vsevolodovich, requested from, and received from, the Mongol khan installation as the new Prince. Prince, he assigned the duchy of Novgorod to his son Alexander. However, while traveling in 1245 to the Mongol capital Karakorum in Central Asia, Yaroslav died. in 1248 Alexander and his older brother Andrey II Yaroslavich also traveled to Karakorum to attend upon the Great Khan, Andrei returned with the award of the Grand Principality of Vladimir and Alexander the nominal lordship of Kiev. Mongke became the new Great Khan in 1251, all the Russian princes were obliged to travel to Sarai on the Volga, the capital of the Golden Horde, to be affirmed in their duchies, but Andrei refused to go. to his friendship with Sartaq Khan, the subsequent invasion by the Mongol Golden Horde saw Andrei exiled to Sweden and Alexander installed as the Grand Prince of Vladimir (i.e., the supreme Russian ruler) in 1252.[8] faithfully supported Mongol rule within his domains. In 1259 he led an army to the city of Novgorod and forced it to pay tribute it had previously refused to the Golden Horde.[9] Returning in 1263 from one of his frequent visits to the Horde, Alexander died in the town of Gorodets-on-the-Volga on his way back from Sarai. Prior to his death, he took monastic vows and was given the religious name of Alexis. of Alexander Nevsky the Second Pskovian Chronicle: from the Golden Horde, the Great Prince Alexander, reached the city of Nizhny Novgorod, and remained there for several days in good health, but when he reached the city of Gorodets he fell ill ... Prince Alexander, who was always firm in his faith in God, gave up this worldly kingdom ... And then he gave up his soul to God and died in peace on 12 November [1263], on the day when the Holy Apostle Philip is remembered ... At this burial Metropolitan Archbishop Cyril said, 'My children, you should know that the sun of the Suzdalian land has set. There will never be another prince like him in the Suzdalian land.' the priests and deacons and monks, the poor and the wealthy, and all the people said: 'It is our end.' "[3] he died in Gorodets, Alexander was laid to rest in the city of Vladimir, in the Great Abbey at The Church of the Nativity of the Holy Mother of God. and children[edit] According to the Novgorod First Chronicle, Alexander married first a daughter of Bryacheslav Vasilkovich, Prince of Polatsk and Vitebsk, in 1239. Her name is not given in the chronicle. Genealogies name her as Paraskeviya or Alexandra (possibly birth and marital names respectively). They had five children: Alexandrovich, Prince of Novgorod (c. 1239-“1271). He was betrothed to Princess Kristina of Norway in 1251. The marriage contract was broken. Kristina went on to marry Felipe of Castile, a son of Ferdinand III of Castile and Elisabeth of Hohenstaufen. Alexandrovna. Married Konstantin Rostislavich, Prince of Smolensk. of Pereslavl (c. 1250-1294). of Gorodets (c. 1255 -“ 27 July 1304). married a second wife named Vasilisa or Vassa[10] shortly before his death. They had one son. of Moscow (1261-“ 4 March/5 March 1303).[11] regarded as a key figure of medieval Rus, Alexander (“ the grandson of Vsevolod the Big Nest)“ rose to legendary status on account of his military victories over German and Swedish invaders while agreeing to pay tribute to the powerful Golden Horde. He was canonized as a saint of the Russian Orthodox Church by Metropolite Macarius in 1547.[12] was buried in the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin monastery in Vladimir. Veneration began almost immediately after a miracle at his burial, when he supposedly extended his hand for the prayer of absolution.[13] remains of the prince were uncovered in response to a vision, before the Battle of Kulikovo in the year 1380, and found to be incorrupt. relics were then placed in a shrine in the church. was glorified (canonized) by the Russian Orthodox Church in 1547. new wooden reliquary was made in Moscow in 1695 and the relics placed in it in 1697. order of Peter the Great the relics were then removed from Vladimir on 11 August 1723 and transported to Shlisselburg (at the head of the Neva, near St Petersburg), arriving there on 20 September.[13] There they were kept until 1724, when they were brought to Saint Petersburg and installed in the Annunciation Church of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra on 30 August.[13] In 1753 a large silver shrine [ru] for the relics, made with 90 pounds of silver, was donated by Empress Elizabeth of Russia. With the completion of the Holy Trinity Cathedral of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra in 1790, the shrine and relics were transferred there at its consecration on 30 August, one of the saint's feast days.[13] May 1922, during the general confiscation of Russian Orthodox Church property, the shrine was opened.[14] The elaborate silver shrine was transferred to the Hermitage Museum, where it remains.[14] The relics were put into storage at the Museum of the History of Religion and Atheism, before being returned to the Holy Trinity Cathedral in 1989.[14] His principal feast day is 23 November. A second feast day was instituted on 30 August in commemoration of the placing of his relics in the Annunciation Church. He is also commemorated in common with other saints of Rostov and Yaroslavl on 23 May. order of Alexander Nevsky of Alexander's policies on the Western border were continued by his grandson-in-law, Daumantas of Pskov, who was also beatified in the 16th century. the late 13th century, a chronicle was compiled called the Life of Alexander Nevsky, in which he is depicted as an ideal prince-soldier and defender of Russia. 21 May 1725, the empress Catherine I introduced the Imperial Order of St. Alexander Nevsky as one of the highest decorations in the land. the Great Patriotic War, on 29 July 1942, the Soviet authorities introduced an Order of Alexander Nevsky to revive the memory of Alexander's struggle with the Germans. was also an earlier Bulgarian Order dedicated to Saint Alexander which was founded on 25 December 1881, which ceased to exist when the People's Republic was declared on 16 September 1946. 1938, Sergei Eisenstein made one of his most acclaimed films, Alexander Nevsky, on Alexander's victory over the Teutonic Knights. The soundtrack for the film was written by Sergei Prokofiev, who also reworked the score into a concert cantata. Today the film is renowned for its extraordinary battle on ice sequence, which has served as inspiration for countless other films. In the picture, Nevsky used a number of Russian proverbs, tying Nevsky firmly to Russian tradition.[15] famous proverbial phrase (paraphrasing Matthew 26:52), "Whoever will come to us with a sword, from a sword will perish," that is often attributed to Alexander Nevsky, was not in fact pronounced by him, but comes from the Eisenstein's film, where it was said by an actor Nikolai Cherkasov. Nevsky Cathedral, Sofia is a long tradition of Russian naval vessels bearing Nevsky's name, such as the 19th-century propellor frigate Alexander Nevsky and a strategic ballistic missile nuclear submarine recently built for the Russian Navy.[16] Nevsky's fame has spread beyond the borders of Russia, and numerous cathedrals and churches are dedicated to him, including the Patriarchal Cathedral in Sofia, Bulgaria; the Cathedral church in Tallinn, Estonia; the Cathedral church in Poland. 24 September 2008, Alexander Nevsky was declared the main hero of Russia's history by popular vote, as reported by the Kommersant newspaper. In December 2008, he was voted the greatest Russian in the Name of Russia television poll.[17 Icon of the Mother of God of Ustiuzhena, Commemorated July 28 ; Icon of the Mother of God of St Theodore, Commemorated on August 16; Translation of the relics of St Alexander Nevsky, Commemorated on August 30; Icon of the Mother of God of Kholm, Commemorated September 8 ; Venerable Euphrosyne of Suzdal, Commemorated on September 18; St Charitina the Princess of Lithuania, Commemorated on October 5; St Eupraxia, Princess of Pskov, Commemorated on October 16; Translation of the relics of Venerable St John the Abbot of Rila in Bulgaria, Commemorated on October 19; Martyr Michael the Prince of Tver, Commemorated on November 22; Repose of St Alexander Nevsky, Commemorated on November 23; St Maximus, Metropolitan of Kiev, Commemorated on December 6; Right-Believing Prince Roman of Uglich, Commemorated on February 3; Right-believing George the Great Prince of Vladimir, Commemorated on February 4; Icon of the Mother of God œElets-ChernigovÂ, Commemorated on February 5 ; Right-believing Prince Daniel of Moscow, Commemorated on March 4 ; Venerable Sophronius the Recluse of the Kiev Caves, Commemorated on March 11; Icon of the Mother of God of Saint Theodore, Commemorated on March 14 Theodore—Kostroma Icon of the Mother of God was painted by the Evangelist Luke and resembles the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God. icon received its name from Great Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich (+ 1246), the father of Saint Alexander Nevsky, and who in holy Baptism was named Theodore in honor of Saint Theodore Stratelates (February 8). to Tradition, the icon was found by his elder brother, Saint George (February 4), in an old wooden chapel near the city of Gorodets. Later, the Gorodetsk Theodorov monastery was built on this spot. Prince Yaroslav-Theodore became the Great Prince of Vladimir after his brother Saint George perished in battle with the Mongols at the Sita River. In the year 1239, he solemnly transferred the relics of his brother from Rostov to the Vladimir Dormition cathedral. He gave the icon which he inherited from his brother to his own son, Saint Alexander Nevsky. is renowned in Russian history. He continued with the glorious traditions of his uncle Saint Andrew Bogoliubsky (July 4), and of his father Vsevolod III Big-Nest, and he was connected to almost all of the significant events in the history of Rus in the first half of the thirteenth century. was burned and torn apart by the Mongols in 1237-1238. He raised it up from the ashes, rebuilt and embellished the cities, the holy monasteries and the churches. He restored cities along the Volga devastated by the enemy: Kashin, Uglich, Yaroslavl’, Kostroma, Gorodets. founded he church of Theodore Stratelates at Kostroma and the Theodorov monastery near Gorodets in honor of his patron saint. For eight years he ruled as Great Prince, but he had to guide the land through a singularly difficult path, maintaining a military-political balance with the Golden Horde to the East, while mounting an active opposition to Catholic Europe in the West. His closest companion was his son, Saint Alexander Nevsky, who also continued his policies. wonderworking Theodore Icon of the Mother of God was constantly with Saint Alexander, and he prayed before it. After Saint Alexander Nevsky died on November 14, 1263 at the monastery founded by his father, the icon was taken by his younger brother Basil. Yaroslavich was the youngest (eighth) son of Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. In 1246 after the death of his father (Prince Yaroslav was poisoned in the capital city of Mongolia, Karakorum when he was only five years old) Basil became prince of the Kostroma appanage-holding, the least important of his father’s domains. In the year 1272, he became Great Prince of Vladimir. four years as Great Prince (1272-1276) were filled with fratricidal princely quarrels. For several years he waged war against Novgorod with an unruly nephew Demetrius. In becoming Great Prince, however, Basil did not journey to Vladimir, but remained under the protection of the wonderworking icon at Kostroma, regarding this place as safer in case of new outbreaks of strife. had occasion also to defend Rus against external enemies. In 1272, during a Tatar incursion, a Russian army came forth from Kostroma to engage them. Following the example of his grandfather, Saint Andrew Bogoliubsky (who took the wonderworking Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God with him on military campaigns), Prince Basil went into battle with the wonderworking Theodore Icon. A blinding light came forth from the holy image, and the Tatars dispersed and fled from the Russian land. Chronicles say that the Great Prince Basil had a special love for the Church and the clergy. After the martyric death of Bishop Metrophanes of Vladimir during the storming of Vladimir by Tatars on February 4, 1238, the Vladimir diocese had remained widowed for many years. This grieved Great Prince Basil. With his help, a large cathedral was constructed in Vladimir in 1274. This was apparently in connection with the consecration of Saint Serapion (July 12) as Bishop of Vladimir. He was an igumen from the Monastery of the Caves. Cyril III (+ 1282) presided over a council of Russian hierarchs. This was the first council in the Russian Church since the time of the Mongol invasion. Many problems and disorders had arisen in Church life, but the Russian Church was just barely beginning to recover from the woe that had befallen it. One of its main tasks was to recover a Russian churchly literacy, and the restoration of the tradition of the ancient Russian “princely order.â€ books the Church’s salvific activity would be almost impossible. Books were needed for church services, and for preaching, for the monastic cell rule, and for believers to read at home. Through the efforts of Metropolitan Cyril and the Russian bishops and monastic scholars, this important task was begun. The council approved new editions of essential books which formed the canonical basis of Orthodox church life. 1276, Prince Basil completed his life’s journey. Most of the important events in his life occured with the blessing of the Theodore Icon of the Mother of God. He died at Kostroma, and there he also found his final resting place. Since that time, the holy icon has been in the Kostroma cathedral of Saint Theodore Stratelates. interest in the Theodore Icon of the Mother of God and the spread of its veneration throughout all Russia is connected with events of the beginning of the seventeenth century, and the end of the Time of Troubles. In the year 1613, the wonderworking Theodore Icon from the Kostroma cathedral was used at the proclamation of Michael Romanov as the new Tsar. In memory of this historic event, March 14 was designated for the commemoration of the Theodore Icon of the Mother of God. copies were made from the Kostroma Theodore Icon, and one of the first was commissioned and brought to Moscow by Tsar Michael’s mother, the nun Martha. From the second half of the seventeenth century, various copies of the Theodore Icon were enlarged with scenes depicting events from the history of the wonderworking icon. the year 1670 the hierodeacon Longinus from the Kostroma Hypatiev monastery wrote the “Narrative concerning the Manifestations and Miracles of the Theodore Icon of the Mother of God in Kostroma.â€ Not all the things contained in it agree with things previously stated. Theodore Icon is two-sided. On the reverse side is the image of the holy Great Martyr Paraskeva, depicted in the splendid attire of a princess. It is believed that the image of Paraskeva on the reverse of the icon is connected with the wife of Saint Alexander Nevsky. Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos of Saint Theodore is also commemorated on August 16. Repose of St Theodore Yaroslavich the older brother of St Alexander Nevsky in Novgorod, Commemorated on June 5; Finding of the relics of St Basil the Prince of Yaroslavl, Commemorated on June 8; St Basil the Bishop of Ryazan, Commemorated on July 3 ; Right-believing Prince Basil of Yaroslavl, Commemorated on July 3;

Russia, Vladimir, 1263-1271, G Prince, Y Yaroslavich (Yaroslav III of Tver) Neversky's b, with n made Tver great
Vladimir Great Prince, 1263-1271, Yaroslav Yaroslavich (Yaroslav III of Tver); Martyr Michael the Prince of Tver, Commemorated on November 22; Right-Believing Prince Roman of Uglich, Commemorated on February 3; St Simeon the Bishop of Polotsk and Tver, Commemorated on February 3; Venerable Sophronius the Recluse of the Kiev Caves, Commemorated on March 11;

Russia, Vladimir, 1271-1276, G Prince, Vasily of Kostroma, Basil, Alexander Nevsky's b, stayed there
Vladimir Great Prince, 1271-1276, Vasily of Kostroma, Basil; Martyr Michael the Prince of Tver, Commemorated on November 22; Right-Believing Prince Roman of Uglich, Commemorated on February 3; St Simeon the Bishop of Polotsk and Tver, Commemorated on February 3; Venerable Sophronius the Recluse of the Kiev Caves, Commemorated on March 11; Icon of the Mother of God of St Theodore, Commemorated on March 14;

Russia, Vladimir, 1276-1293, Dmitry, Pereslavl, Nevsky's 2nd, young f Novg, welcmd back, K Fort, w Nogai, Andrey's Horde
Vladimir Great Prince, 1276-1293, Dmitry of Pereslavl ; Alexandrovich (ca. 1250-“1294) was Grand Prince of Vladimir-Suzdal from 1276 until 1281 and then from 1283 until 1293. was the second son of Alexander Nevsky. When his elder brother Vasily died young, Dmitry remained the chief heir to his illustrious father. As early as 1259, he was left by Alexander in charge of Novgorod. Upon Alexander's death in 1264, however, the Novgorodians expelled Dmitry to his native Pereslavl-Zalessky, citing his youth as a pretext. years later, when Dmitry had turned 18, he was welcomed back to Novgorod and ” together with his future son-in-law, Daumantas of Pskov ” led a local militia against Livonian Knights in the Battle of Rakvere. During the following decade, he struggled for control of Novgorod against his uncles, Yaroslav III and Vasily of Kostroma. In 1276, when his elders died, he finally ascended the coveted thrones of Vladimir and Novgorod. Two years later, he founded a great fortress of Koporye, which he intended to rule himself. The Novgorodians revolted, forcing Dmitry to leave Koporye and Novgorod altogether. Dmitry was preoccupied with pacifying Novgorod, Andrey of Gorodets (Alexander, Dmitry's younger brother) went to the Golden Horde and received from the khan permission to replace Dmitry as the Grand Prince. In 1281, Andrey returned to Russia, joined his forces with princes of Rostov and Yaroslavl and, after much devastation to Dmitry's lands, seized his capital Pereslavl. Dmitry fled to Koporye but, failing to win support of Novgorodians, had to retreat further northward, probably to Scandinavia. years later, Dmitry returned to Russia, only to find his lands ravaged by the Mongols and his brother Andrey. Thereupon he went to the Black Sea and met Nogai Khan, who was the greatest enemy of the Golden Horde at that time. Wishing to increase his authority in Russia, Nogai vowed to support Dmitry in his struggle for the grand ducal throne. On hearing about this, Andrey renounced his claims to Vladimir and Novgorod and returned to Gorodets. 1285 Andrey again brought Mongol hordes to Russia, but these were expelled by Dmitry and his allies. Finally, in 1293 Andrey managed to unite the Mongols and Russian princes in opposition to Dmitry. Reluctant to renew fratricidal hostilities, Dmitry took monastic vows in 1293 and died the next year. He was buried in the Saviour Cathedral of Pereslavl-Zalessky. Icon of the Mother of God of Sven, Commemorated on August 17; St Charitina the Princess of Lithuania, Commemorated on October 5; St Stephen Miliutin of Serbia, Commemorated on October 30; Venerable Dragutin (Theoctistus in Monasticism) of Serbia, Commemorated on October 30; Martyr Michael the Prince of Tver, Commemorated on November 22; Right-Believing Prince Roman of Uglich, Commemorated on February 3; St Simeon the Bishop of Polotsk and Tver, Commemorated on February 3; Right-believing Prince Daniel of Moscow, Commemorated on March 4; Venerable Sophronius the Recluse of the Kiev Caves, Commemorated on March 11; Venerable Zachariah the Ascetic of the Kiev Caves, Commemorated on March 24; Icon of the Mother of God of St Maximus, Commemorated on April 18; Blessed Dovmont (Timothy) the Prince of Pskov, Commemorated on May 20; St Ignatius the Bishop and Wonderworker of Rostov, Commemorated on May 28 ; Miracle of the Annunciation Icon of the Mother of God at Ustiug, Commemorated on July 8 ;

Russia, Vladimir, 1283-1303, P Daniel of Moscow, Nevsky's youngest, Churches Ms, first victory, humble, united rus
Russia, Moscow, 1283-1303, Prince Daniel of Moscow; father died when he was only two years old. Of his father's patrimonies, he received the least valuable, Moscow.[1] Aleksandrovich (1261-“ 4 March 1303) was the youngest son of Alexander Nevsky and forefather of all the Grand Dukes of father died when he was only two years old. Of his father's patrimonies, he received the least valuable, Moscow.[1] When he was a child, the tiny principality was being governed by tiuns (deputies), appointed by his paternal uncle, Grand Prince Yaroslav has been credited with founding the first Moscow monasteries, namely the Lord's Epiphany, and The Danilov Monestery (Saint Daniel Monestery): named in his honor, situated on the right bank of the Moskva River at a distance of 5 miles from the Moscow Kremlin, and founded, by Daniel, as the first monastery wooden church of St. Daniel-Stylite no later than also built the first stone church in the Moscow Kremlin in the 1280s, dedicated to the Great Martyr took part in his brothers (”Dmitri of Pereslavl and Andrey of Gorodets) ”struggle for the right to govern Vladimir and Novgorod, respectively. After Dmitry's death in 1294, Daniel made an alliance with Mikhail of Tver and Ivan of Pereslavl against Andrey of Gorodets of Novgorod. participation in the struggle for Novgorod in 1296 indicated Moscow's increasing political influence. Constantine, the prince of Ryazan, tried to capture the Moscow lands with the help of a Mongol force. Prince Daniel defeated it near Pereslavl. This was a first victory over the Tatars, though not a tremendous victory, but it was noteworthy as a first push towards freedom.[2] 1300, he went to Ryazan with an army and imprisoned the ruler of the Ryazan Principality "by some ruse", as the chronicle says, and destroyed a multitude of Tatars. To secure his release, the prisoner ceded to Daniel his fortress of Kolomna. It was an important acquisition, as now Daniel controlled all the length of the Moskva River. 1302 his childless nephew and ally, Ivan of Pereslavl, bequeathed to Daniel all his lands, including Pereslavl-Zalessky.[2] the Mongol occupation and internecine wars among the Rus' princes, Daniel created peace in Moscow without bloodshed. 30 years of ruling Daniel participated in battles only once.[1] According to legend, Daniel was popular and respected by his subjects for his meekness, humility and peacefulness. Right-believing Prince Daniel of Moscow, Commemorated on March 4;

Russia, Vladimir, 1283-1295, Basil, Bishop of Ryazan, Murom Icon and Mantia Story
Russia, Ryazan, 1295, Basil, Bishop of Ryazan, Murom Icon and Mantia Story; Basil, Bishop of Ryazan and Murom: His memory is celebrated by the Church on June 10 and July 3 (the day of his death in 1295). On June 10, 1609 the holy relics of Bishop Basil at Ryazan were uncovered and transferred to the Dormition cathedral church. Basil I, Wonderworker of Ryazan, is mentioned in the Lavrentian Chronicles. In the ancient list of Ryazan hierarchs, he is mentioned as the fourth. (Basil II was consecrated as bishop in 1356 by Saint Alexis, Metropolitan of Moscow,). older tradition connects with Saint Basil the transfer to Ryazan of the wonderworking Murom Icon of the Mother of God (April 12). Saint Basil was at first bishop of Murom. But by the slander of the spirit of evil, the citizens rose up against him, unjustly accusing him of transgressions unbecoming an archpastor. Then the saint, after prolonged prayer, left for the River Oka, and spreading out on the water his bishop’s mantiya he stood upon it, holding in his hands the icon of the Most Holy Theotokos of Murom. A strong wind carried him against the current and after several hours he reached Ryazan, where he was received with reverence by the prince and people of Ryazan. during his lifetime Saint Basil was regarded a righteous and pious man. Long before his relics were uncovered at the beginning of the seventeenth century, the Ryazan people cherished his memory and called him “their constant intercessor, helper in sorrows and travail.â€ To him most often they turned before setting out on journeys: seeking his help against problems on dry land, and to protect them from drowning in the water. about the year 1540 the monk Erazm Ermolaev wrote “An Account of Basil, Bishop of Ryazan and Muromâ€. Right-believing Prince Basil (Vasilko) of Rostov, Commemorated on March 4; Icon of the Mother of God of Murom, Commemorated on April 12; Finding of the relics of St Basil the Bishop of Ryazan, Commemorated on June 10; Synaxis of the Saints of Ryzan, Commemorated on June 10; St Basil the Bishop of Ryazan, Commemorated on July 3 ;

Russia, Vladimir, 1285-1305, Patriarch Maximus, Metropolitan of all Rus, his icon shifted see to V
Vladimir, 1285-1305, Patriarch Maximus, Metropolitan of all Rus; Repose of St Peter the Metropolitan of Moscow and Wonderworker of All Russia, Commemorated on December 21; Icon of the Mother of God of St. Maximus, Commemorated on April 18; Saint Maximus Icon is in the cathedral church of the city of Vladimir. Metropolitan Maximus (December 6), a Greek by birth, painted the Icon in 1299, as he was told to do in a vision while he slept in his cell. When St. Maximus arrived in Vladimir from Kiev, the Mother of God appeared to him in a dream and gave him an omophorion saying, "My servant Maximus, it is good that you have come to visit my city. Take this omophorion and shepherd the rational flock of my city." he awoke, he found he was holding an omophorion. The appearance of the Mother of God was regarded as a sign of approval for the transfer of the metropolitan See from Kiev to Vladimir. description of this vision was inscribed on the left side of his crypt. The Mother of God is shown in full stature, holding the Divine Child on her left arm. With her right hand, she offers the omophorion to Saint Maximus, who is standing on a pillar. The contrast in the size of their figures is meant to show the difference in their spiritual states. A variant Icon depicts Saint Maximus kneeling at the feet of the Theotokos. a golden coffer was made, and the omophorion was placed inside. This omophorion was kept in the Vladimir cathedral as a relic for 112 years. It was hidden by the cathedral’s doorkeeper Patrick in 1412 during an invasion by the Tartars, Patrick was killed when he refused to show them where the cathedral's treasures were hidden. The coffer has not yet been found. Icon, which measures five feet by two and a half feet, has been glorified by many miracles.

Russia, Vladimir, 1290, Ustiug saved by Annunciation Icon w Procopius, Fool for Christ
Russia, Moscow, 1290, Ustiug saved by Annunciation Icon w Procopius, Fool for Christ; Ustiug Annunciation Icon of the Mother of God The “Ustiug Annunciationâ€ is a venerable icon, before which Saint Procopius, Fool-for-Christ (+ 1303) prayed with intense fervor on June 25, 1290 for the salvation of the city of Ustiug from the wrath of God. icon was painted by a Novgorod iconographer when the holy Prince Vsevolod-Gabriel (February 11) ruled in the city. In 1567, under Metropolitan Philip (January 9), the holy icon was transferred from Great Ustiug to Moscow and placed in the Dormition cathedral. At the present time it is located in the state Tretyakov gallery.

Russia, Vladimir, 1293, Suzdal joined to and saved by Daniel of Moscow
Russia, Vladimir, 1293,Suzdal joined to and saved by Daniel of Moscow; 1272, Prince Daniel received as his allotted portion the city of Moscow and its adjacent lands. The holy prince built a church (and a monastery beside it) in honor of his patron saint, Saint Daniel the Stylite (December 11) on the banks of the River Moskva. this period, the Moscow principality was small and unobtrusive. While growing up, Prince Daniel strengthened and expanded it, not in unjust or coercive ways, but peacefully and with benevolence. It was a time of unrest. Fratricidal strife among the appanage princes was rife. Often bloodshed was averted, thanks to Prince Daniel and his incessant striving for unity and peace in the Russian Land. 1293 his brother, the Great Prince Alexander, with Tatars summoned from the Horde and headed by Diuden (“the Diudenev Hostâ€), laid waste to Russian cities: Murom, Suzdal, Kolomna, Dmitrov, Mozhaisk, and Tver. Prince Daniel decided to join them to Moscow to save their people from perishing, for they were not strong enough to resist. prince braced himself for terrible destruction and pillaging. Standing up for his rights, Saint Daniel was compelled to come out against his brother near a place called Yurievo Tolchische (“Yurievo Threshing-Millâ€), but his desire for peace prevailed, and bloodshed was averted. Suzdal (Southern Valley) ; Right-believing Prince Daniel of Moscow, Commemorated on March 4;

Russia, Vladimir, 1293, Murom joined to and saved by Moscow by Daniel
Russia, Ryazan, 1293, Murom joined to and saved by Moscow by Daniel; 1272, Prince Daniel received as his allotted portion the city of Moscow and its adjacent lands. The holy prince built a church (and a monastery beside it) in honor of his patron saint, Saint Daniel the Stylite (December 11) on the banks of the River Moskva. this period, the Moscow principality was small and unobtrusive. While growing up, Prince Daniel strengthened and expanded it, not in unjust or coercive ways, but peacefully and with benevolence. It was a time of unrest. Fratricidal strife among the appanage princes was rife. Often bloodshed was averted, thanks to Prince Daniel and his incessant striving for unity and peace in the Russian Land. 1293 his brother, the Great Prince Alexander, with Tatars summoned from the Horde and headed by Diuden (“the Diudenev Hostâ€), laid waste to Russian cities: Murom, Suzdal, Kolomna, Dmitrov, Mozhaisk, and Tver. Prince Daniel decided to join them to Moscow to save their people from perishing, for they were not strong enough to resist. Murom; Right-believing Prince Daniel of Moscow, Commemorated on March 4;

Russia, Vladimir, 1293, Kolomna joined to and saved by Daniel of Moscow
Russia, Ryazan, 1293, Kolomna joined to and saved by Daniel of Moscow; 1272, Prince Daniel received as his allotted portion the city of Moscow and its adjacent lands. The holy prince built a church (and a monastery beside it) in honor of his patron saint, Saint Daniel the Stylite (December 11) on the banks of the River Moskva. this period, the Moscow principality was small and unobtrusive. While growing up, Prince Daniel strengthened and expanded it, not in unjust or coercive ways, but peacefully and with benevolence. It was a time of unrest. Fratricidal strife among the appanage princes was rife. Often bloodshed was averted, thanks to Prince Daniel and his incessant striving for unity and peace in the Russian Land. 1293 his brother, the Great Prince Alexander, with Tatars summoned from the Horde and headed by Diuden (“the Diudenev Hostâ€), laid waste to Russian cities: Murom, Suzdal, Kolomna, Dmitrov, Mozhaisk, and Tver. Prince Daniel decided to join them to Moscow to save their people from perishing, for they were not strong enough to resist. prince braced himself for terrible destruction and pillaging. Standing up for his rights, Saint Daniel was compelled to come out against his brother near a place called Yurievo Tolchische (“Yurievo Threshing-Millâ€), but his desire for peace prevailed, and bloodshed was averted. Kolomna; Right-believing Prince Basil (Vasilko) of Rostov, Commemorated on March 4;

Russia, Vladimir, 1293-1304, Alexndr(Andrey) of Gorodets, Nevsky's 3rd, Joined Mongols, took V f b, lost V to Dan
Vladimir Great Prince, 1293-1304, Andrey of Gorodets of Vladimir-Suzdal; III Alexandrovich (ca. 1255 -27 July 1304), a Russian prince, son of Alexander Nevsky, received from his father the town of Gorodets on the Volga. In 1276 he added Kostroma to his possessions and joined the struggle for the Grand Duchy of Vladimir-Suzdal. 1281 Andrey, joining the Mongol army, expelled his elder brother Dmitri from Vladimir. After some feasting with Mongols in Vladimir, Andrey went to Novgorod, where the populace made him heartily welcome. Meanwhile, his brother allied himself with the powerful Nogai Khan, who reinstated Dmitry as Grand Duke of Vladimir in 1283. the following decade, Andrey thrice brought the Mongols to Russia in order to wrest Vladimir from his brother. In the campaign of 1293 they pillaged 14 Russian towns, finally forcing Dmitry to abdicate. Even when elevated to the grand-ducal throne of Vladimir, Andrey continued to live in Gorodets. During the last decade of his reign he struggled with a league formed by Daniel of Moscow, Mikhail of Tver, and Ivan of Pereslavl [ru]. In 1301 he drove the Swedes from Landskrona near present-day Saint Petersburg.[1] Icon of the Mother of God of St Maximus, Commemorated on April 18; St Basil the Bishop of Ryazan, Commemorated on July 3 ; Miracle of the Annunciation Icon of the Mother of God at Ustiug, Commemorated on July 8 ; Miracle of the Annunciation Icon of the Mother of God at Ustiug, Commemorated on July 8 ; Repose of the Holy Right-believing Princess Anna of Kashin, Commemorated on October 2 ; St Athanasius the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on October 24 ; St Stephen Miliutin of Serbia, Commemorated on October 30; Right-believing Prince Daniel of Moscow, Commemorated on March 4; Venerable Joasaph of Snetogorsk, Pskov, Commemorated on March 4; Venerable Sophronius the Recluse of the Kiev Caves, Commemorated on March 11; Venerable Zachariah the Ascetic of the Kiev Caves, Commemorated on March 24; Venerable Gerontius the Canonarch of the Kiev Far Caves, Commemorated on April 1; Icon of the Mother of God of St Maximus, Commemorated on April 18;

Russia, Vladimir, 1299, Appearance of Maximas Icon, Patriarch Maximus, Metropolitan of all Rus
Icon of the Mother of God of St. Maximus, Commemorated on April 18; Saint Maximus Icon is in the cathedral church of the city of Vladimir. Metropolitan Maximus (December 6), a Greek by birth, painted the Icon in 1299, as he was told to do in a vision while he slept in his cell. When St. Maximus arrived in Vladimir from Kiev, the Mother of God appeared to him in a dream and gave him an omophorion saying, "My servant Maximus, it is good that you have come to visit my city. Take this omophorion and shepherd the rational flock of my city." he awoke, he found he was holding an omophorion. The appearance of the Mother of God was regarded as a sign of approval for the transfer of the metropolitan See from Kiev to Vladimir. description of this vision was inscribed on the left side of his crypt. The Mother of God is shown in full stature, holding the Divine Child on her left arm. With her right hand, she offers the omophorion to Saint Maximus, who is standing on a pillar. The contrast in the size of their figures is meant to show the difference in their spiritual states. A variant Icon depicts Saint Maximus kneeling at the feet of the Theotokos. a golden coffer was made, and the omophorion was placed inside. This omophorion was kept in the Vladimir cathedral as a relic for 112 years. It was hidden by the cathedral’s doorkeeper Patrick in 1412 during an invasion by the Tartars, Patrick was killed when he refused to show them where the cathedral's treasures were hidden. The coffer has not yet been found. Icon, which measures five feet by two and a half feet, has been glorified by many miracles. Vladimir, 1285-1305, Patriarch Maximus, Metropolitan of all Rus; Repose of St Peter the Metropolitan of Moscow and Wonderworker of All Russia, Commemorated on December 21;

Russia, Vladimir, 1300-1331, 14th Century, Great Prince Ivan of Moscow, Moscow more protected

Russia, Vladimir, 1303-1325, Yuri D, Son of Dan, elevated to supreme p by the GH Khan
Moscow Prince, 1303-1325, Yuri of Moscow ; Danilovich, also known as Georgiy Danilovich (1281-21 November 1325) was Prince of Moscow (1303-1325) and Grand Prince of Vladimir (from 1318). was the oldest son of Daniel, the first prince of Moscow. His first official action was to defend Pereslavl-Zalessky against Grand Duke Andrew III. Upon Andrew's death the next year, Yury had to contend the title of Grand Duke of Vladimir with Mikhail of Tver. While the Tverian army besieged Pereslavl and Moscow itself, Mikhail went to the Golden Horde, where the Khan elevated him to the supreme position among Russian princes. the meantime, Yury arranged the murder of Prince Konstantin of Ryazan. This unlucky ruler had been captured by Yury's father back in 1302 and had been incarcerated in Moscow since then. While Ryazan was shocked by such a barbarity, Yury annexed the key Ryazanian fortress of Kolomna to Moscow Duchy. He also captured Mozhaisk, which formerly belonged to the princes of Smolensk. By 1314, Yury secured backing from the Metropolitan Peter and formed an alliance with Novgorod against Tver. Now, he felt strong enough to challenge Mikhail of Tver in the Horde. 1315 Yury went to the Golden Horde and, after spending two years there, constructed an alliance with Uzbeg Khan. Upon Yury's marriage to the khan's sister Konchaka, Uzbeg Khan deposed Mikhail and nominated Yury as the Grand Duke of Vladimir. in Russia with a large force of Mongols, Yury approached Tver. However, Yuri's army was defeated and his brother Boris and his wife were taken prisoners. Thereupon he fled to Novgorod and sued for peace. that time his wife, still held in Tver as a hostage, died unexpectedly. Yury availed himself of the confusion that followed and announced to the khan that she had been poisoned on Mikhail's order. The khan summoned both princes to Sarai and, after a trial, had Mikhail executed. returned to Russia, hated by other princes and populace alike, in 1319. He was now entrusted with the task of gathering all-Russian tribute to the Horde. Mikhail's son and successor, Dmitry the Terrible Eyes, still opposed him. In 1322, Dmitry, seeking revenge for his father's murder, went to Sarai and persuaded the khan that Yury had appropriated a large portion of the tribute due to the Horde. was summoned to the Horde for a trial but, before any formal investigation, was killed by Dmitry. Eight months later, Dmitry was also executed in the Horde.[1 ] before his death, Yury led the army of Novgorod to fight the Swedes and founded a fort in the mouth of the Neva River. Upon signing the Treaty of Orekhovo in 1323, Yury continued eastward and conquered Velikiy Ustyug the same year. Icon of the Mother of God of Tolga, Commemorated July 18 ; Icon of the Mother of God of Tolga, Commemorated on August 8; Icon of the Mother of God of St Peter of Moscow, Commemorated on August 24; Uncovering of the relics of St Daniel the Prince of Moscow, Commemorated on August 30; St Stephen Miliutin of Serbia, Commemorated on October 30; St Theodore the Archbishop of Rostov, Commemorated on November 28; Repose of St Peter the Metropolitan of Moscow and Wonderworker of All Russia, Commemorated on December 21; Repose of St Theoctistus the Archbishop of Novgorod, Commemorated on December 23; Venerable Schemamonk Cyril, the Father of St Sergius of Radonezh, Commemorated on January 18; St Alexis the Metropolitan of Moscow and Wonderworker of All Russia, Commemorated on February 12; Venerable Euthymius of Suzdal, Commemorated on April 1; Venerable Joseph the Much-Ailing, of the Kiev Far Caves, Commemorated on April 4; Venerable Rufus the Obedient of the Kiev Far Caves, Commemorated on April 8;

Russia, Vladimir, 1304-1318, Mikhail of T, Nervsky's n, lost GP to Yury D, Novgorod, Khan's sister, k by Horde, incorrupt relics
Tver, 1304-1318, Vladimir Great Prince, Mikhail of Tver; Yaroslavich (1271 - 22 November 1318), also known as Michael of Tver, was a Prince of Tver (from 1285) who ruled as Grand Prince of Vladimir from 1304 until 1314 and again from 1315–1318. was canonized and counted among the saints of the Russian Orthodox Church. Yaroslavich was the second son of Yaroslav III (Yaroslav Yaroslavich), the younger brother of Aleksandr Nevsky; he succeeded his elder brother Yaroslav as Prince of Tver in 1285. mother Xenia was the second spouse to Yaroslav III and is known as the saint Xenia of Tarusa. the death of Andrei Aleksandrovich (Aleksandr Nevsky's son and Yaroslav's nephew), Mikhail became the Grand Prince of Vladimir in 1304, as was consistent with the rota system of collateral succession that had been practised in Rus since the time of Yaroslav the Wise. He was confirmed in office by Tokhta, Khan of the Golden Horde.[1] as Grand Prince and Rivalry with Moscow[edit] he seemed secure in the throne, being the legitimate heir and having been confirmed by the Khan in Sarai, Grand Prince Mikhail suffered a series of setbacks as grand prince which led to him losing the grand princely office for both himself and, in some ways, ultimately for his descendants. He was, like most Grand Princes of Vladimir, accepted as Prince of Novgorod the Great in 1309,[2] but fought with Novgorod, going so far as to withdraw his lieutenants (namestniki) and cut off grain shipments into the city in 1312. Last Words, by Pimen Orlov he was on decent terms with Tokhta Khan, and initially with his successor, Uzbeg Khan (Mikhail paid homage on Uzbeg's accession to the throne in 1313 and remained in Sarai until 1315), he eventually lost influence to Yury of Moscow, who gained influence in Novgorod while the grand prince was away in Sarai. Mikhail did manage to finally take control of the city in 1316 with Mongol aid, but the following year Uzbeg Khan gave the yarlik or patent of office of the Grand Prince of Vladimir to Yury, who also married Uzbeg's sister.[3] granting Yury the iarlyk or patent of office, the Khan sent his army under the Mongol general Kavgadii to help Yuri in his struggle with Mikhail Yaroslavich. On 22 December 1317 Mikhail defeated Yuri at a village called Bortenevo (40 km from Tver). Mikhail captured Yuri's wife, who was the Khan's sister. When she died in Mikhail's custody, he was blamed for her death, although it seems unlikely that he would have killed her knowing how much it would hurt him politically for such little gain. He released Kavgadii, who returned to Sarai and accused Mikhail of murdering the Khan's sister, withholding tribute, and warring against his Mongol overlord. As a result, Mikhail was summoned to the Horde by the Khan and executed on 22 November 1318.[4] and the Church[edit] also alienated the Church, particularly Metropolitan Petr (ruled 1308-1326). When Metropolitan Maksim died in 1305, Mikhail nominated another candidate, but Petr was consecrated by the Patriarch of Constantinople. Petr sided with Moscow and opposed Mikhail on several occasions. In 1309, he appointed David as Archbishop of Novgorod and David was instrumental in the argument that led Mikhail to withdraw his lieutenants and cut the grain supplies to the city. In 1314, Novgorod called on Yury to be named grand prince and for Mikhail to be deposed. Thus the support of the Church aided Yury to Mikhail's detriment.[5] his having been unfavored by the Russian Orthodox Church during his lifetime, the Church later declared Mikhail a saint because of his piousness during his summons by the Khan which he knew was to certain death and because his relics, when transported to his hometown, were discovered to be incorrupt.[6] and children[edit] In 1294 Mikhail married Princess Anna of Rostov, daughter of Dimitry of Rostov. They had five children: Prince Dmitry of Tver (1299–1326) Prince Alexander of Tver (1301–1339) Prince Konstantin of Tver (1306–1346) Prince Vasily of Kashin (d. after 1368) Feodora of Tver Mikhail's sons and successors Dmitry the Terrible Eyes and Alexander were both also loved in the Horde, as was Alexander's elder son, Mikhail. Both Aleksandr Mikhailovich, and Mikhail Aleksandrovich briefly held the Grand Princely office (in 1326-1327 and 1371-1372 respectively)[7] but Mikhail's failure to defeat Yury of Moscow, followed by Aleksandr's role (real or perceived) in the Tver Uprising of 1327, led the Tver branch to lose the favor of the Khans, and the Danilovich - the Muscovite princes, held the title for all but two years after 1317. wife took the veil in Kashin's nunnery and died there on 2 October 1368. She is commemorated as Anna of Kashin by the Russian Orthodox Church and was canonized in 1677. Icon of the Mother of God of Tolga, Commemorated on July 18 ; Icon of the Mother of God of Tolga, Commemorated on August 8 ; Repose of the Holy Right-believing Princess Anna of Kashin, Commemorated on October 2 ; Martyr Michael the Prince of Tver, Commemorated on November 22; St Theodore the Archbishop of Rostov, Commemorated on November 28; Repose of St Peter the Metropolitan of Moscow and Wonderworker of All Russia, Commemorated on December 21; Venerable Zachariah the Ascetic of the Kiev Caves, Commemorated on March 24; Venerable Gerontius the Canonarch of the Kiev Far Caves, Commemorated on April 1; Venerable Rufus the Obedient of the Kiev Far Caves, Commemorated on April 8;

Russia, Vladimir, 1305-1368, Anna, Mike of T's wife, righteou sons, miracles at her grave, old Believers, 2nd glorification
Moscow, 1305-1368, Saint Anna of Kashin; Anna of Kashin (1280 -“ 2 October 1368) was a Russian princess from the Rurik Dynasty, who was canonized in 1650. was a daughter of Prince Dmitry Borisovich of Rostov and a great-granddaughter of Prince Vasily of Rostov. From her earliest years, Anna was brought up strictly Christian. She was taught the virtues of humility and obedience. Her teacher was Saint Ignatius, Bishop of Rostov (died 1288), who was noted for strict selflessness and pacifism. Like all royal daughters of her time, Anna learned different kinds of needlework. When the princess grew up, Princess Xenia of Tver, second wife of Grand Prince Yaroslav of Tver sent ambassadors to Rostov with a request to marry Anna to her son Mikhail. The embassy was successful, and Anna became the wife of Prince Mikhail. Anna's marriage to Prince Mikhail took place on 8 November 1294 in the Preobrazhensky cathedral of Tver. In celebration of this event, dwellers in the city of Kashin built the Saint Michael Church and the triumphal gates from the local Kremlin to the Tver road, naming the gates also "Mikhaylovsky." In the Kashin Uspensky cathedral a special Feast was established and celebrated annually on 8 November. Repose of the Holy Right-believing Princess Anna of Kashin, Commemorated on October 2; Holy Right-believing Princess Anna of Kashin, a daughter of the Rostov prince Demetrius Borisovich, in 1294 became the wife of the holy Great Prince Michael Yaroslavich of Tver, who was murdered by the Mongol-Tatars of the Horde in 1318, (November 22). After the death of her husband, Anna withdrew into Tver’s Sophia monastery and accepted tonsure with the name Euphrosyne. Later, she transferred to the Kashin Dormition monastery, and became a schemanun with the name Anna. She fell asleep in the Lord on October 2, 1338. Anna’s sons also imitated their father’s steadfast confession of faith in Christ. Demetrius Mikhailovich (“Dread Eyesâ€) was murdered at the Horde on September 15, 1325; and later, Alexander Mikhailovich, Prince of Tver, was murdered together with his son Theodore on October 29, 1339. at Saint Anna’s grave began in 1611, during the siege of Kashin by Polish and Lithuanian forces. There was also a great fire in the city which died down without doing much damage. The saint, dressed in the monastic schema, appeared to Gerasimus, a gravely ill warden of the Dormition cathedral. She promised that he would recover, but complained, “People show no respect for my tomb. They ignore it and my memory! Do you not know that I am supplicating the Lord and His Mother to deliver the city from the foe, and that you be spared many hardships and evils?â€ She ordered him to tell the clergy to look after her tomb, and to light a candle there before the icon of Christ Not-Made-By-Hands. the Council of 1649 it was decided to uncover her relics for general veneration and to glorify the holy Princess Anna as a saint. But in 1677 Patriarch Joachim proposed to the Moscow Council that her veneration throughout Russia should be discontinued because of the Old Believers Schism, which made use of the name of Saint Anna of Kashin for its own purposes. When she was buried her hand had been positioned to make the Sign of the Cross with two fingers, rather than three. However, the memory of Saint Anna, who had received a crown of glory from Christ, could not be erased by decree. People continued to love and venerate her, and many miracles took place at her tomb. June 12, 1909 her second glorification took place, and her universally observed Feast day was established. Her Life describes her as a model of spiritual beauty and chastity, and an example to future generations.

Russia, Vladimir, 1308-1325, Patriarch Peter, moved See to Moscow in 1325
Vladimir Patriarch, 1308-1325, Peter of Moscow; Peter, Metropolitan of Kiev[1] and all Russia (Russian: ÃÂŸÑ‘Ñ‚Ñ€)(c. 1260- 20 December 1326) was the Russian metropolitan who moved his see from Vladimir to Moscow in 1325. Later he was proclaimed a patron saint of Moscow. In spite of the move, the office remained officially entitled "Metropolitan of Kiev and All Rus'" until the autocephalous election of Saint Jonah of Moscow in 1448. Life[edit] Peter was born in Volhynia[1] (part of the Kingdom of Russia). His parents were Theodore and Eupraxia. At the age of twelve, young Peter entered a monastery where he learned iconography. The igumen of the monastery had St Peter ordained as a hieromonk. After years of ascetic labors at the monastery, the hieromonk Peter, with the blessing of the igumen, left the monastery in search of a solitary place.[2] He built a cell at the Rata River and began to pursue asceticism in silence. Afterwards, at the place of his ascetic exploits, a monastery was formed, called the Novodvorsk. The Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos “Of St Peterâ€Â was so called because it was painted by St Peter, Metropolitan of Moscow while he was igumen of the Ratsk monastery near Volhynia. During a visit to the Ratne[3] monastery by St Maximus, Metropolitan of Kiev and All Rus', Peter gave him the icon as a gift.[4] In 1308 king Boleslaw-Yuri II of Galicia nominated and the Patriarch of Constantinople appointed Peter to the vacant see of Kiev and all Rus'.[2] Mikhail Yaroslavich, Grand Prince of Vladimir and Tver, wanted to advance his own candidate for this position. Peter's nomination caused prolonged animosity between Mikhail and Peter to the point that the latter had to ask for protection from the Prince of Moscow in 1325. Peter travelled to Constantinople where Patriarch Athanasius consecrated him as Metropolitan of Russia and bestowed on him the hierarchal vestments, staff and icon. Upon his return to Rus' in 1308, Metropolitan Peter arrived at Kiev after a year, and then proceeded on to Vladimir. During this time of Tatar (Mongol) authority Russia was in turmoil, and Peter was often obliged to change the place of his residence.[2] Peter transferred his metropolitan duties from depopulated Kiev to Vladimir. In 1325 Metropolitan Peter, at the request of Great prince Ivan Kalita (1328-1340), transferred the metropolitan cathedra-chair from Vladimir to Moscow.[5] The move strengthened the political position of Moscow and established it as the spiritual capital of fragmented Russia. After Peter's move to Moscow, the Cathedral of the Dormition and several other stone churches were built by Ivan Kalita in the Moscow Kremlin. The foundation of the Vysokopetrovsky Monastery in Moscow is ascribed to Peter. He also authored a few sermons and epistles. Peter died on 21 December 1326.[5] After his canonization by Metropolitan Alexis, his veneration was propagated all over Moscovy. Accordingly, many churches were dedicated to Peter the Metropolitan in Moscow and other cities of Russia. His feast day is celebrated on 24 August (the translation of his relics to the Dormition Cathedral in Moscow) and 5 October (in common with Metropolitans Jonah and Alexis) Icon of the Mother of God of St Peter of Moscow, Commemorated on August 24; Translation of the relics of St Peter the Metropolitan of Moscow and All Russia, Commemorated on August 24; St Theodore the Archbishop of Rostov, Commemorated on November 28; Repose of St Peter the Metropolitan of Moscow and Wonderworker of All Russia, Commemorated on December 21; Repose of St Theoctistus the Archbishop of Novgorod, Commemorated on December 23; Venerable Gerontius the Canonarch of the Kiev Far Caves, Commemorated on April 1;

Russia, Vladimir, 1314, Tolga Icon, across from river Tolga, fiery column and bridge leading to it, Icon in air, Prayer, staff
Russia, Rostov, 1314, Tolga Icon stopped with the approach of night 7 versts distant from Yaroslavl, at the right bank of the Volga River there flows opposite into it the River Tolga. At midnight, when everyone was asleep, the saint awoke and saw a bright light illuminating the area. The light proceeded from a fiery column on the other bank of the river, to which there stretched a bridge. Taking up his staff, the saint went across to the other bank, and having approached the fiery column, he beheld on it the icon of the Most Holy Theotokos, suspended in the air. Astonished at the miracle, the saint prayed for a long time, and when he went back, he forgot to take his staff. The next day, after serving Matins, when Saint Prochorus was preparing to continue his journey by boat, they began to search for his staff, but they were not able to find it anywhere. The saint then remembered that he had forgotten his staff on the other side of the river, where he had gone across on the miraculous bridge. He then revealed what had occurred, and sent servants across on a boat to the other shore. They came back and reported that in the forest they had seen an icon of the Mother of God suspended in the branches of a tree, next to his bishop'™s staff. The Tolga Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos is also commemorated on August 8; Tolga Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos appeared on August 8, 1314 to the Rostov hierarch Prochorus (Tryphon in schema). Going about his diocese, the saint visited the environs of White Lake and from there traveled along the banks of the Rivers Sheksna and Volga, to Yaroslavl. Having stopped with the approach of night 7 versts distant from Yaroslavl, at the right bank of the Volga River there flows opposite into it the River Tolga. midnight, when everyone was asleep, the saint awoke and saw a bright light illuminating the area. The light proceeded from a fiery column on the other bank of the river, to which there stretched a bridge. Taking up his staff, the saint went across to the other bank, and having approached the fiery column, he beheld on it the icon of the Most Holy Theotokos, suspended in the air. Astonished at the miracle, the saint prayed for a long time, and when he went back, he forgot to take his staff. next day, after serving Matins, when Saint Prochorus was preparing to continue his journey by boat, they began to search for his staff, but they were not able to find it anywhere. The saint then remembered that he had forgotten his staff on the other side of the river, where he had gone across on the miraculous bridge. He then revealed what had occurred, and sent servants across on a boat to the other shore. They came back and reported that in the forest they had seen an icon of the Mother of God suspended in the branches of a tree, next to his bishop’s staff. saint quickly crossed over with all his retinue to the opposite shore, and he recognized the icon that had appeared to him. Then after fervent prayer before the icon, they cleared the forest at that place, and put down the foundations of a church. When the people of Yaroslavl learned of this, they came out to the indicated spot. By midday the church was already built, and in the evening the saint consecrated it in honor of the Entrance into the Temple of the Most Holy Theotokos, and having installed the icon there he established a Feast on the day of its appearance. Saint Prochorus later built the Tolga monastery near this church. Saint Prochorus died on September 7, 1328. Tolga Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos is also commemorated on July 18. Icon of the Mother of God of Tolga, Commemorated on July 18; Tolga Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos appeared on August 8, 1314 to the Rostov hierarch Prochorus (Tryphon in schema). Going about his diocese, the saint visited the environs of White Lake and from there traveled along the banks of the Rivers Sheksna and Volga, to Yaroslavl. Having stopped with the approach of night 7 versts distant from Yaroslavl, at the right bank of the Volga River there flows opposite into it the River Tolga. midnight, when everyone was asleep, the saint awoke and saw a bright light illuminating the area. The light proceeded from a fiery column on the other bank of the river, to which there stretched a bridge. Taking up his staff, the saint went across to the other bank, and having approached the fiery column, he beheld on it the icon of the Most Holy Theotokos, suspended in the air. Astonished at the miracle, the saint prayed for a long time, and when he went back, he forgot to take his staff. next day, after serving Matins, when Saint Prochorus was preparing to continue his journey by boat, they began to search for his staff, but they were not able to find it anywhere. The saint then remembered that he had forgotten his staff on the other side of the river, where he had gone across on the miraculous bridge. He then revealed what had occurred, and sent servants across on a boat to the other shore. They came back and reported that in the forest they had seen an icon of the Mother of God suspended in the branches of a tree, next to his bishop’s staff. saint quickly crossed over with all his retinue to the opposite shore, and he recognized the icon that had appeared to him. Then after fervent prayer before the icon, they cleared the forest at that place, and put down the foundations of a church. When the people of Yaroslavl learned of this, they came out to the indicated spot. By midday the church was already built, and in the evening the saint consecrated it in honor of the Entrance into the Temple of the Most Holy Theotokos, and having installed the icon there he established a Feast on the day of its appearance. Saint Prochorus later built the Tolga monastery near this church. Saint Prochorus died on September 7, 1328. Tolga Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos is also commemorated on August 8.

Russia, Vladimir, 1317, Moscow Civil War with Tver, Yuri D defeated by Michael T, Yuri's wife d, slander, k, radiant clouds
Tver, 1317, Moscow Intercene (Civil) War with Tver , Martyr Michael the Prince of Tver, Commemorated on November 22 ; Holy Right-Believing Prince Michael of Tver was born in the year 1272, after the death of his father Great Prince Yaroslav Yaroslavich, a brother of holy Prince Alexander Nevsky (November 23). On the journey to the Horde, Prince Yaroslav fell ill, and was tonsured a monk with the name Athanasius, then died. Michael’s mother, Xenia, raised her son in fervent love for God. Michael was educated and studied under the guidance of the Archbishop (probably Clement) of Novgorod. He took the place of his older brother Svyatoslav in the principality of Tver. 1285 he built a stone church in honor of the Savior’s Transfiguration in place of the wooden church of Saints Cosmas and Damian. the death of Great Prince Andrew Alexandrovich (+1305), Michael went to the Horde and received the grant to the great princely throne by right of seniority. Prince Yurii Danilovich of Moscow would not submit to this, because he sought the princely rule for himself. He was often at the Golden Horde of the new Khan Uzbek, who had accepted Mohammedanism and was distinguished by his cruelty and fanaticism. Prince Yurii knew how to please the Khan, and he married his sister Konchaka and became Great Prince. then he did not calm down, but instead began an internecine war with Tver. In Yurii’s army was a detachment of Tatars sent by Uzbek, with Kavgadi at the head. But the men of Tver, with holy Prince Michael at the head, on December 22, 1317 defeated Yurii. Many captives were taken, including Kavgadi, whom Saint Michael released, and the Moscow prince’s wife Konchaka, who unexpectedly died at Tver. Yurii slandered Saint Michael before the Khan, accusing him of poisoning Konchaka. The Khan became enraged, threatening to destroy Saint Michael’s princely holding, and demanded that he appear to give an account. Not wishing to spill Russian blood in an unequal struggle with the Khan, Saint Michael humbly went to the Horde, knowing that this meant death for him. He bid his his family and the Tver people farewell, and received a blessing for his exploit of martyrdom from his spiritual Father Igumen John. “Father,” said the saint, “I was much concerned for the peace of Christians, but through my sins, I was not able to stop internecine war. Now give me your blessing, so that if my blood is spilled for them, they might have some respite, and that the Lord will forgive my sins.” the Horde an unjust trial was held, which found the saint guilty of disobedience to the Khan, and sentenced him to death. They removed him under guard and put him in a heavy wooden stock. As was his habit, Saint Michael constantly read the Psalter in prison and blessed the Lord for granting him to suffer for Him. He asked not to be abandoned in his present torments. Since the hands of the holy sufferer were secured in the stock, a boy sat before him and turned the pages of the Psalter. The holy captive languished at the Horde for a long time, enduring beatings and ridicule. They suggested that he flee, but the saint bravely answered, “In all my life I never fled from an enemy. If I save myself and my people remain in peril, what glory is that to me? No, let it be as the Lord wills.” the mercy of God, he was not deprived of Christian solace: Orthodox priests attended to him, the igumens Alexander and Mark. Each week he made his Confession and received the Holy Mysteries of Christ, thus receiving a Christian preparation for his death. At the instigation of Prince Yurii and Kavgadi, who took revenge on the holy prince for their defeat, assassins rushed into the encampment where the captive was held. They fiercely beat the martyr and kicked him with their feet, then one of them stabbed Saint Michael with a knife. holy martyr’s naked body was exposed for abuse, and later they covered him with a cloth and placed him on a large board attached to a cart. By night two guards were set to watch the body, but fear seized them and they fled. In the morning, his body was not on the board. the previous night many, not only Orthodox but also Tatars, had seen two radiant clouds shining over the place where the body of the martyr lay. Although many wild animals roamed the steppes, not one of them had touched him. In the morning everyone said, “Prince Michael is a saint, and was innocently murdered.” From the Horde the body of the prince was transferred to Moscow, where they buried him in the church of the Savior-Wood in the Kremlin. a year later, in 1318, the people of Tver learned the fate of their prince. At the wish of his wife, the right-believing Princess Anna of Kashin (October 2), and at the request of the people of Tver, the relics of Saint Michael were transferred to his native city, and on September 6, 1320 were placed in the church he built in honor of the Transfiguration of the Lord. Local veneration of the holy Prince began soon after the transfer of his relics to Tver, and the general Church glorification of the saint took place at a 1549 Council. November 24, 1632 the incorrupt relics of Saint Michael were uncovered. The holy Prince has often helped the Russian land. In 1606 the Polish and Lithuanians besieging Tver repeatedly saw a wondrous horseman ride out from the city upon a white horse with sword in hand, turning them to flight. Later, when they saw an icon of holy Prince Michael, they affirmed with an oath to Archbishop Theoctistus of Tver that the horseman was indeed Saint Michael himself. Prince Yurii Danilovich of Moscow; Yuri was often at the Golden Horde of the new Khan Uzbek, who had accepted Mohammedanism and was distinguished by his cruelty and fanaticism.; Yuri'™s army was a detachment of Tatars sent by Uzbek, with Kavgadi at the head. the men of Tver, with holy Prince Michael at the head, on December 22, 1317 defeated Yurii. captives were taken, including Kavgadi, whom St Michael released, and the Moscow prince'™s wife Konchaka, who unexpectedly died at Tver. released Kavgadii, who returned to Sarai and accused Mikhail of murdering the Khan's sister, withholding tribute, and warring against his Mongol overlord. As a result, Mikhail was summoned to the Horde by the Khan and executed on November 22, 1318.

Russia, Vladimir, 1325-1340, G Prince Ivan I of Moscow, Kalita, John D, rise of Moscow for protection
Vladimir Great Prince, 1325-1340, Ivan I of Moscow; I Daniilovich Kalita (1 November 1288 - 31 March 1340 or 1341[1]) was Grand Duke of Moscow from 1325 and Vladimir from 1332.[2] was the son of the Prince of Moscow Daniil Aleksandrovich. the death of his elder brother Yury, Ivan inherited the Principality of Moscow. Ivan participated in the struggle to get the title of Grand Duke of Vladimir which could be obtained with the approval of a khan of the Golden Horde. The main rivals of the princes of Moscow in this struggle were the princes of Tver – Mikhail, Dmitry the Terrible Eyes, and Alexander II, all of whom obtained the title of Grand Duke of Vladimir and were deprived of it. All of them were murdered in the Golden Horde. In 1328 Ivan Kalita received the approval of khan Muhammad Ozbeg to become the Grand Duke of Vladimir with the right to collect taxes from all Russian lands. to the Russian historian Kluchevsky, the rise of Moscow under Ivan I Kalita was determined by three factors. The first one was that the Moscow principality was situated in the middle of other Russian principalities; thus, it was protected from any invasions from the East and from the West. Compared to its neighbors, Ryazan principality and Tver principality, Moscow was less often devastated. The relative safety of the Moscow region resulted in the second factor of the rise of Moscow – an influx of working and tax-paying people who were tired of constant raids and who actively relocated to Moscow from other Russian regions. The third factor was a trade route from Novgorod to the Volga river. to Baumer[3] Beg Khan took a fateful decision when he abandoned the former policy of divide and rule by making the new grand prince responsible for collecting and passing on all the tribute and taxes from all the Russian cities. delivered these exactions punctually, so further strengthening his position of privilege. In this way he laid the foundations for Moscow's future as a regional great power. Kalita intentionally pursued the policy of relocation of people to his principality by an invitation of people from other places and by purchase of Russian people captured by Mongols during their raids. He managed to eliminate all the thieves in his lands, thus ensuring the safety of traveling merchants. peace and order together with the absence of Mongolian raids to the Moscow principality was mentioned in Russian chronicles as œgreat peace, silence, and relief of Russian land. made Moscow very wealthy by maintaining his loyalty to the Horde (hence, the nickname Kalita, or the Moneybag[4]). He used this wealth to give loans to neighbouring Russian principalities. These cities gradually fell deeper and deeper into debt, a condition that would allow Ivan's successors to annex them. The people called Ivan the ‘gatherer of the Russian lands’. He bought lands around Moscow, and very often the poor owners sold their lands willingly. Some of them kept the right to rule in their lands on behalf of Ivan Kalita. In one way or another a number of cities and villages joined the Moscow principality – Uglich in 1323, the principality of Belozero in 1328–1338, the principality of Galich in 1340. Ivan's greatest success, however, was convincing the Khan in Sarai that his son, Simeon The Proud, should succeed him as the Grand Duke of Vladimir; from then on, the important position almost always belonged to the ruling house of Moscow. The Head of the Russian Church – Metropolitan Peter, whose authority was extremely high, moved from Vladimir to Moscow to Prince Ivan Kalita.Princess Elena died on March 1, 1331 . A year later, Kalita married again, and only the name is known about his second wife - Ulyana . There is a hypothesis according to which it was the daughter of Fyodor Davydovich Galitsky with half of her father's principality as a dowry . According to A. V. Eksemplyarsky, in his second marriage, Ivan Danilovich had one daughter . VA Kuchkin suggested that there were two daughters, Maria and Theodosia, who appear in the prince's will as "smaller children". One of them was alive in 1359; nothing more is known about the other . Ulyana survived her husband and died between 1366 and 1372 . a Lithuanian raid on the town of Torzhok in 1335 (as part of the Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars), Ivan retaliated by burning the towns of Osechen and Riasna.[5] died in Moscow, 31 March 1340 or 1341.[1] He was buried 1 April in the Church of the Archangel Michael.[1] Ivan had built the church and was also the first person to be buried there.[6] Icon of the Mother of God of Tolga, Commemorated on July 18 ; St Mercurius the Bishop of Smolensk, Kiev Near Caves, Commemorated on August 7 ; Icon of the Mother of God of St Peter of Moscow, Commemorated on August 24; St John the Bishop of Suzdal, Commemorated on October 15; St Theodore the Archbishop of Rostov, Commemorated on November 28; Repose of St Peter the Metropolitan of Moscow and Wonderworker of All Russia, Commemorated on December 21; Repose of St Theoctistus the Archbishop of Novgorod, Commemorated on December 23; St Theognostus the Metropolitan of Kiev and All Russia, Commemorated on March 14 ; Venerable Zachariah the Ascetic of the Kiev Caves, Commemorated on March 24; Venerable Euthymius of Suzdal, Commemorated on April 1; Venerable Gerontius the Canonarch of the Kiev Far Caves, Commemorated on April 1; Venerable Rufus the Obedient of the Kiev Far Caves, Commemorated on April 8; St Dionysius the Archbishop of Suzdal, Commemorated on June 26; Icon of the Mother of God ÃƒÂƒÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÂ‚Ã‚Â€ÃƒÂ‚Ã‚ÂœTendernessÃƒÂƒÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÂ‚Ã‚Â€ÃƒÂ‚Ã‚ÂÂÂÂ in Novgorod, Commemorated on July 8;

Russia, Vladimir, 1331-Present, Folder, Moscow Time

Russia, Vladimir, 1340-1353, Simeon of Moscow and Vladimir, standoffs w Novgorod Republic and Lithuania, died in Black Death
Vladimir Great Prince, 1340-1353, Simeon of Moscow ; Ivanovich Gordiy (the Proud) (7 November 1316 - 27 April 1353) was Prince of Moscow and Grand Prince of Vladimir. Simeon continued his father's policies aimed to increase the power and prestige of his state. Simeon's rule was marked by regular military and political standoffs against the Novgorod Republic and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. His relationships with neighboring Russian principalities remained peaceful if not passive: Simeon stayed aside from conflicts between subordinate princes.[1] He had recourse to war only when war was unavoidable.[2] A relatively quiet period for Moscow was ended by the Black Death that claimed the lives of Simeon and his sons in 1353. St Mercurius the Bishop of Smolensk, Kiev Near Caves, Commemorated on August 7 ; St John the Bishop of Suzdal, Commemorated on October 15; St Theodore the Archbishop of Rostov, Commemorated on November 28; Repose of St Theoctistus the Archbishop of Novgorod, Commemorated on December 23; St Theognostus the Metropolitan of Kiev and All Russia, Commemorated on March 14 ; Venerable Euthymius of Suzdal, Commemorated on April 1; Venerable Gerontius the Canonarch of the Kiev Far Caves, Commemorated on April 1; Venerable Rufus the Obedient of the Kiev Far Caves, Commemorated on April 8;

Russia, Vladimir, 1350-1370 , St John, B Suzdal&Nizhegorod, attending angel, lower taxes, poor houses, hospices, Mordovians
Russia, Vladimir, 1350- , Saint John, Bishop of Suzdal; Suzdal (Southern Valley) ; St John the Bishop of Suzdal, Commemorated October 15 ; John, Bishop of Suzdal, entered one of the monasteries of Suzdal while a youth. his virtuous and humble life, the saint was made the first Bishop of Suzdal and Nizhegorod in 1350. John merited a great mercy of God: Prince Boris of Suzdal saw how an angel of God attended the saint during the Divine Liturgy. John was known for his love towards the destitute and the sick; he interceded for the poor before the princes to lower their taxes. He also built poor houses and hospices for the sick. saint was very concerned about enlightening the pagan Mordvians with the Christian Faith. the annexation of Suzdal to the Moscow Diocese, Saint John took the monastic schema and withdrew to the Bogoliub monastery. He lived there in seclusion and died in peace. Numerous miracles took place at his grave.

Russia, Vladimir, 1353-1359, Great Prince, Ivan II of Moscow, Donskoy's Father
Vladimir Great Prince, 1353-1359, Ivan II of Moscow; St Mercurius the Bishop of Smolensk, Kiev Near Caves, Commemorated on August 7 ; Translation of the relics of St Alexander Nevsky, Commemorated on August 30 ; St John the Bishop of Suzdal, Commemorated on October 15; St Theodore the Archbishop of Rostov, Commemorated on November 28; Repose of St Theoctistus the Archbishop of Novgorod, Commemorated on December 23; Venerable Euthymius of Suzdal, Commemorated on April 1; Venerable Gerontius the Canonarch of the Kiev Far Caves, Commemorated on April 1; Venerable Rufus the Obedient of the Kiev Far Caves, Commemorated on April 8;

Russia, Vladimir, 1359-1362, Demetrius Constantovich, Eudoxia's f, Donskoy's f in law, GH Grand Duke, Vladimir
Russia, Vladimir, 1359-1362, Demetrius Constantovich, Dmitry of Suzdal ; Konstantinovich of Suzdal (1324 - 5 June 1383) (the one-eyed) was a powerful Prince of Suzdal and Nizhny Novgorod who dominated Russian politics during the minority of his son-in-law, Dmitri Donskoi. The famous Shuisky family descends from his eldest son, Vasily Kirdyapa. senior descendant of Vsevolod the Big Nest and also of Yaroslav II of Vladimir (Dmitry was great-grandson of Yaroslav II's third son Andrey), he inherited Suzdal in 1359 and Nizhny Novgorod in 1365. His policy towards Tatars was conciliatory for the most part, as his eastern lands were continuously exposed to their attacks. After some rivalry with Dmitri of Moscow, he was installed by the Khan of the Golden Horde as the Grand Duke of Vladimir in 1360. During his reign, he repeatedly quarreled with the Novgorod Republic over the raids of Novgorodian pirates who looted his own capital and Tatar markets along the Volga River. years later he was dethroned and had to make peace with Dmitri by marrying him to his daughter, Eudoxia. Joining his army with Dmitri's, he led an allied assault on Volga Bulgars and Mordovia. In 1377, the allied armies were defeated by the Tatars on the Pyana River, because (as the chronicler put it) they were too drunk to fight. However, in 1382 Dmitry Konstantinovich took the side of Khan Tokhtamysh in taking over Moscow and sent his sons to serve in the Tatar army. St Euphrosyne the Princess, (Eudoxia) of Moscow, Commemorated on May 17;

Russia, Vladimir, 1362-1389, Great Prince Dimitri of the Don, marriage united Moscow and Suzdal
Vladimir, 1362-1389, Great Prince Dimitri of the Don; St Mercurius the Bishop of Smolensk, Kiev Near Caves, Commemorated on August 7 ; Translation of the relics of St Alexander Nevsky, Commemorated on August 30; St Theodore the Archbishop of Rostov, Commemorated on November 28; Repose of St Theoctistus the Archbishop of Novgorod, Commemorated on December 23; Venerable Euthymius of Suzdal, Commemorated on April 1; Venerable Gerontius the Canonarch of the Kiev Far Caves, Commemorated on April 1; Venerable Rufus the Obedient of the Kiev Far Caves, Commemorated on April 8; St Euphrosyne the Princess, (Eudoxia) of Moscow, Commemorated on May 17;

Russia, Vladimir, 1397, part of The Robe was transferred from C to Rus by St Dionysius, Archbishop of Suzdal
Blachernae; The Placing of the Honorable Robe of the Most Holy Mother of God at Blachernae; Placing of the Venerable Robe of the Most Holy Theotokos at Blachernae: the reign of the Byzantine Emperor Leo the Great (457-474), the brothers Galbius and Candidus, associates of the emperor, set out from Constantinople to Palestine to venerate the holy places. a small settlement near Nazareth they stayed in the home of a certain old Jewish woman. In her house they noticed a room where many lamps were lit, incense burned, and sick people were gathered. When they asked her what the room contained, the pious woman did not want to give an answer for a long time. persistent requests, she said that she had a very precious sacred item: the Robe of the Mother of God, which performed many miracles and healings. Her Dormition the Most Holy Virgin bequeathed one of her garments to a pious Jewish maiden, an ancestor of the old woman, instructing her to leave it to another virgin after her death. the Robe of the Mother of God was preserved in this family from generation to generation. jewelled chest, containing the sacred Robe, was transferred to Constantinople. Saint Gennadius, Patriarch of Constantinople (August 31), and the emperor Leo, having learned of the sacred treasure, were convinced of the incorrupt state of the holy Robe, and they certified its authenticity. Blachernae, near the seacoast, a new church in honor of the Mother of God was constructed. On June 2, 458 Saint Gennadius transferred the sacred Robe into the Blachernae church with appropriate solemnity, placing it within a new reliquary. the maphorion (i.e., the outer robe) of the Mother of God, and part of Her belt were also put into the reliquary with Her Robe. This circumstance also influenced the Orthodox iconography of the Feast, in connecting the two events: the Placing of the Robe, and the Placing of the Belt of the Mother of God in Blachernae. The Russian pilgrim Stephen of Novgorod, visiting Constantinople in about the year 1350, testifies: “We arrived at Blachernae, where the Robe lies upon an altar in a sealed reliquary.â€ than once, during the invasion of enemies, the Most Holy Theotokos saved the city to which She had given Her holy Robe. Thus it happened during the time of a siege of Constantinople by the Avars in 626, by the Persians in 677, and by the Arabs in the year 717. Especially relevant for us are events of the year 860, intimately connected with the history of the Russian Church. June 18, 860 the Russian fleet of Prince Askold, a force comprising more than 200 ships, laid waste the coastal regions of the Black Sea and the Bosphorus, then entered into the Golden Horn and threatened Constantinople. The Russian ships sailed within sight of the city, setting ashore troops who “proceeded before the city, stretching forth their swords.â€ The emperor Michael III (842-867), interrupted his campaign against the Arabs and returned to the capital. All night he prayed prostrated upon the stone tiles of the church of the Mother of God at Blachernae. The holy Patriarch Photius spoke to his flock, calling for tears of repentance to wash away sins, and to seek the intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos with fervent prayer. danger grew with each passing hour. “The city was barely able to stand against a spear,â€ says Patriarch Photius in another of his homilies. Under these conditions the decision was made to save the church’s sacred objects, especially the holy Robe of the Mother of God, which was kept in the Blachernae church, not far from the shore. serving an all-night Vigil, and taking it out from the Blachernae church, they carried the sacred Robe of the Mother of God in a procession around the city walls. They dipped its edge into the waters of the Bosphorus, and then they transported it to the center of Constantinople into the church of Hagia Sophia. The Mother of God protected the city and quelled the fury of the Russian warriors. An honorable truce was concluded, and Askold lifted the siege of Constantinople. June 25 the Russian army began to leave, taking with them a large tribute payment. A week afterwards, on July 2, the wonderworking Robe of the Mother of God was solemnly returned to its place in the reliquary of the Blachernae church. In remembrance of these events an annual feastday of the Placing of the Robe of the Mother of God was established on July 2 by holy Patriarch Photius. in October-November of the year 860, a Russian delegation arrived in Constantinople to conclude a treaty “in love and peace.â€ Some of the conditions of the peace treaty included articles concerning the Baptism of Kievan Rus, the payment of an annual tribute by the Byzantines to the Russians, permission for them to serve with the Byzantine army, an agreement to trade in the territory of the Empire (primarily in Constantinople), and to send a diplomatic mission to Byzantium. important was the point about the Baptism of Rus. The continuator of the Byzantine “Theophanes Chroniclesâ€ relates that “their delegation arrived in Constantinople with a request for them to receive holy Baptism, which also was fulfilled.â€ An Orthodox mission was sent to Kiev to fulfill this mutual wish of the Russians and the Greeks. Not very long before this (in 855) Saint Cyril the Philosopher (February 14 and May 11) had created a Slavonic alphabet and translated the Gospel. Saint Cyril was sent with his brother, Saint Methodius (April 6 and May 11), on a mission to Kiev with books translated into Slavonic. This was at the initiative of Saint Photius, whose student Saint Cyril was. The brothers spent the winter of 860/861 at Cherson, and in the spring of 861 they were at the River Dniepr, with Prince Askold. Askold was faced with a difficult choice, just as holy Prince Vladimir faced: both the Jews on the one hand, and the Moslems on the other, wanted him to accept their faith. But under the influence of Saint Cyril, the prince chose Orthodoxy. At the end of the year 861, Saints Cyril and Methodius returned to Constantinople and carried letters with them from Prince Askold to Emperor Michael III. Askold thanked the emperor for sending him “such men, who showed by both word and by example, that the Christian Faith is holy.â€ “Persuaded that this is the true Faith,â€ Askold further wrote, “we bid them to baptize in the hope that we may also attain sanctity. We are all friends of the Kingdom and prepared to be of service to you, as requested.â€ accepted holy Baptism with the name Nicholas, and many of his retinue were also baptized. Directly from Constantinople, the capital of Orthodoxy, through the efforts of the holy Apostles to the Slavs both the Slavonic divine services and the Slavonic written language arrived in Rus. Photius appointed Metropolitan Michael to Kiev, and the Russian metropolitan district was entered into the lists of dioceses of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Patriarch Photius in an encyclical of the year 867 called the Baptism of the Bulgarians and the Russians as among the chief accomplishments of his archpastoral service. “The Russians, who lifted their hand against the Roman might,â€ he wrote, almost quoting literally from the missive of Askold, “have now replaced the impious teaching which they held to formerly, with the pure and genuine Christian Faith, and with love having established themselves in the array of our friends and subjects.â€ (The Byzantines counted as “subjectsâ€ all accepting Baptism from Constantinople and entering into military alliance with the Empire.) “The desire and zeal of faith has flared up within them to such an extent, that they have accepted bishops and pastors, and they embrace Christian sanctity with great zeal and fervor.â€ Feast of the Placing of the Robe of the Most Holy Theotokos in Blachernae also marks the canonical establishment of the Russian Orthodox metropolitanate in Kiev. By the blessing of the Mother of God and by the miracle from Her holy Robe not only was the deliverence of Constantinople from the most terrible siege in all its history accomplished, but also the liberation of the Russians from the darkness of pagan superstition to life eternal. Together with this, the year 860 brought recognition to Kievan Rus from Byzantium, and signified the emergence of the young Russian realm into the arena of history. attempt of Prince Askold to renew the Christian evangelization begun by the holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called, which he intended as a religious and state reform, ended unsuccessfully. time for the spread of Christianity in the Russian Land had not yet come. The adherents of the old paganism were too strong, and the princely power was too weak. In the clash of Askold with the pagan Oleg in 882 the Kievans betrayed their prince. Askold, lured into the camp of his enemies for talks, received a martyr’s death at the hand of hired killers. the deed of Blessed Askold (the Ioakimov Chronicle calls him such) was not extinguished in the Russian Church. Oleg the Sage, who killed Askold, occupied the Kiev princedom after him, and called Kiev the “Mother of Russian Cities.â€ most ancient chronicles of Kiev preserved the grateful memory of the first Kievan Christian prince: the church of the Prophet of God Elias, built by Askold and later mentioned in Igor’s Treaty with the Greeks (in 944), is on the site where the present church of this name now stands, and there is also the church of Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker, built in the 950s by Saint Olga over Askold’s grave. most important achievement of Askold, entering forever into the Church inheritance not only of Rus, but of also all Orthodox Slavs, is the Slavonic Gospel and Slavonic services, translated by Saints Cyril and Methodius. Their apostolic activity among the Slavs began in Kiev at the court of Askold in 861, and continued afterwards in Moravia and Bulgaria. Following Blessed Askold, in the words of the ancient Alphabetic Prayers, “the Slavonic tribe now soars in flight, all striving toward Baptism.â€ outstanding works of Byzantine Church hymnology and homiletics are connected with the miracle of the Robe of the Most Holy Theotokos at Blachernae. There are two homilies of Saint Photius, one of which he preached within days of the siege of Constantinople, and the other soon after the departure of the Russian forces. Also associated with the campaign of Askold against Constantinople is the composition of a remarkable “Akathist to the Most Holy Theotokos,â€ which certain Church histories ascribe also to holy Patriarch Photius. This Akathist forms an integral part of the services of Praise to the Most Holy Theotokos (i.e., the “Saturday of the Akathist,â€ Fifth Saturday of Great Lent). is not only Byzantine sources that relate the events of the year 860, but also Russian historical chronicles. Saint Nestor the Chronicler, stressing the significance of the Russian campaign against Constantinople, notes that from this time “it was begun to be called the Russian Land.â€ Certain of the chronicles, among them the Ioakimov and Nikonov, preserved accounts of the Baptism of Prince Askold and Kievan Rus after the campaign against Constantinople. The popular commemoration of this event is firmly associated with the names of the Kievan princes Askold and Dir, although in the opinion of historians, Dir was prince of Kiev somewhat earlier than Askold. veneration of the feast of the Placing of the Robe was long known in the Russian Church. Saint Andrew Bogoliubsky (July 4) built a church in honor of this feastday in the city of Vladimir at the Golden Gates. the end of the fourteenth century, part of the Robe of the Mother of God was transferred from Constantinople to Rus by Saint Dionysius, Archbishop of Suzdal (June 26). holy Robe of the Mother of God, which previously saved Constantinople, later saved Moscow from hostilities. Tatars of the Horde of the princeling Mazovshi approached the walls of Moscow in the summer of 1451. Saint Jonah, Metropolitan of Moscow, with constant prayer and church services, encouraged the defenders of the capital. On the night of July 2, the Chronicle relates, great confusion occurred within the Tatar camp. The enemy abandoned their plundered goods and speedily departed in disarray. In memory of the miraculous deliverance of Moscow, Saint Jonah built the church of the Placing of the Robe in the Kremlin, making it his primary church. It burned, but in its place in the years 1484-1486 a new church, also dedicated to the Feast of the Placing of the Robe of the Mother of God, was built thirty years later. This temple, standing at present, continued to serve as the primary church of Russian metropolitans and patriarchs until the cathedral of the Twelve Apostles was built under Patriarch Nikon. Venerable Romanus the Melodist, œSweet-SingerÂ, Commemorated on October 1 ; Appearance of the Smolensk œDirectressÂ Icon of the Mother of God brought from Constantinople, Commemorated on July 28 ; Icon of the Mother of God of the Kiev Caves, Commemorated on August 17; St Callinicus the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on August 23; Venerable Anthony of the Kiev Far Caves, Commemorated on September 2; Right-Believing Pulcheria, Byzantine Empress, Commemorated on September 10; Holy Lady the Mother of God and Ever-Virgin Mary, Commemorated on October 1 ; Blessed Andrew the Fool-For-Christ at Constantinople, Commemorated October 2 ; Translation of the relic of the Right Hand of John the Baptist, Commemorated October 12 ; Righteous Anna of Constantinople, Commemorated October 29 ; St Sopatra of Constantinople, Commemorated on November 9 ; Venerable Patapius of Thebes, Commemorated on December 8 ; 12 Greeks who built the Dormition Cathedral in the Kiev Caves, Far Caves, Lavra, Commemorated on February 14; Venerable Stephen the Abbot of the Kiev Far Caves, and Bishop of Vladimir, in Volhynia, Commemorated on April 27 ; Prophet Isaiah, Commemorated on May 9 ; St Germanus the Patriarch of Constantinople, Commemorated on May 12; Icon of the Mother of God œthe Unbreakable WallÂ, Commemorated on May 28; St Anna and Her Son of Constantinople, Commemorated on June 13; St Anna and Her Son of Constantinople, Commemorated on June 13; The Placing of the Honorable Robe of the Most Holy Mother of God at Blachernae, Commemorated on July 2; Translation of the "Blachernae" Icon of the Mother of God to Russia, Commemorated July 7 ;

Russia, Vladimir, 1445, Battle of Kamenka River or Suzdal 1445
Battle of Kamenka River or Suzdal 1445; Russo-Kazan Wars, Wars of Vasily II;

Russia, Vladimir, 1445, Russo-Kazan Wars of Vasily II
Battle of Kamenka River or Suzdal 1445; Russo-Kazan Wars, Wars of Vasily II;

Russia, Vladimir, Nizhni Novogorod, 1612, Militia of Minin (Cleared Moscow Kremlin of Polish Forces)
Russia, Vladimir, Nizhni Novogorod, 1612, Militia of Minin (Cleared Moscow Kremlin of Polish Forces); Uncovering of the relics of the Venerable Sergius of Radonezh, Commemorated on July 5;

Russia, Vladimir, 1641, Passions Icon of the MOG, go to Nizhni-Novgorod and buy my Icon from Gregory
Nizhni-Novgorod (Volga River at Oka); Icon of the Mother of God œof the Passion, Commemorated on August 13; Icon of the Mother of God “Of the Passion” The icon received its name because on either side of the Mother of God are two angels with the implements of the Lord’s suffering: the Cross, the lance, and the sponge. There was a certain pious woman, Katherine, who began to suffer seizures and madness after her marriage. She ran off into the forest and attempted suicide more than once. a moment of clarity she prayed to the Mother of God and vowed that if she were healed, she would enter a monastery. After recovering her health, she only remembered her vow after a long time. Afraid and mentally afflicted, she took to her bed. Three times the Most Holy Theotokos appeared to her, commanding the sick woman to go to Nizhni-Novgorod and to buy Her icon from the iconographer Gregory. she had done this, Katherine received healing. From that time on, miracles have occurred from this icon. The Feast day of this icon is on August 13, commemorating its transfer from the village of Palitsa to Moscow in 1641. A church was built at the place where it was met at the Tver gates, and in 1654, the Strastna monastery was built. icon is also commemorated on April 30, and on the sixth Sunday after Pascha (the Sunday of the Blind Man) in memory of the miracles which occurred on this day. Other “Passion” icons of the Mother of God have been glorified in the Moscow church of the Conception of Saint Anna, and also in the village of Enkaeva in Tambov diocese. Icon of the Mother of God œof the Passion, Commemorated on April 30; Icon of the Mother of God “Of the Passion” The icon received its name because on either side of the Mother of God are two angels with the implements of the Lord’s suffering: the Cross, the lance, and the sponge. was a certain pious woman, Katherine, who began to suffer seizures and madness after her marriage. She ran off into the forest and attempted suicide more than once. a moment of clarity she prayed to the Mother of God and vowed that if she were healed, she would enter a monastery. After recovering her health, she only remembered her vow after a long time. Afraid and mentally afflicted, she took to her bed. Three times the Most Holy Theotokos appeared to her, commanding the sick woman to go to Nizhni-Novgorod and to buy Her icon from the iconographer Gregory. she had done this, Katherine received healing. From that time on, miracles have occurred from this icon. The Feast day of this icon is on August 13, commemorating its transfer from the village of Palitsa to Moscow in 1641. A church was built at the place where it was met at the Tver gates, and in 1654, the Strastna monastery was built. icon is also commemorated on April 30, and on the sixth Sunday after Pascha (the Sunday of the Blind Man) in memory of the miracles which occurred on this day. Other “Passion” icons of the Mother of God have been glorified in the Moscow church of the Conception of Saint Anna, and also in the village of Enkaeva in Tambov diocese. Meeting of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God, Commemorated on May 21 ;

Russia, Vladimir, Merchants Road Folder (Moscow, Vladimir, Nizhny Novgorod and the Volga River)

The Merchants Road - Moscow to Nizhny Novgorod

The Merchant's Road 1 - Moscow

The Merchants Road 2 - Vladimir

The Merchants Road 3 - Nizhny Novgorod

Russia, Vladimir, Merchants Road, Klyazma River Folder

Klyazma River

Klyazma River 1 (Ucha River Mouth)

Klyazma River 2 (Vorya River Mouth)

Klyazma River 3 (Gorodishchi, Kirzhach River Mouth)

Klyazma River 4 (Peksha River Mouth)

Klyazma River 5 (Vladimir, Nerl River Mouth)

Vladimir (Nerl River Mouth, Klyazma River 5)
Vladimir (Klyazma River 5); Equal of the Apostles Great Prince Vladimir, in Holy Baptism Basil, the Enlightener of the Russian Land, Commemorated on July 15 ; Martyrs and Passion-Bearers Boris and Gleb, Commemorated on July 24; Venerable Polycarp the Archimandrite of the Kiev Far Caves, Commemorated on July 24; St Theodosius (Prince Theodore of Ostrog) of the Kiev Caves, Commemorated on August 11; Icon of the Mother of God œof the PassionÂ, Commemorated on August 13 ; Icon of the Mother of God of St Theodore, Commemorated on August 16; Venerable Cherimon (Chaeremon) of Egypt, Commemorated on August 16; Venerable Theodoritus the Enlightener of the Lapps, Solovki, Commemorated on August 17; St Pitirim the Bishop of Perm, Commemorated on August 19; Icon of the Mother of God of St Peter of Moscow, Commemorated August 24 ; Translation of the relics of St Peter the Metropolitan of Moscow and All Russia, Commemorated on August 24; Commemoration of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God and the deliverance of Moscow from the Invasion of Tamerlane, Commemorated August 26 ; Translation of the relics of St Alexander Nevsky, Commemorated on August 30 ; Venerable Theodosius of the Kiev Far Caves, Commemorated September 2 ; Icon of the Mother of God of Yakhrom, Commemorated on October 14 ; Holy, Glorious Demetrius the Myrrhgusher of Thessalonica, Commemorated October 26 ; Repose of St Alexander Nevsky, Commemorated on November 23 ; St Metrophanes (in schema Macarius) the Bishop of Voronezh, Commemorated on November 23 ; Memorial Saturday of St Demetrius ; St Maximus, Metropolitan of Kiev, Commemorated December 6 ; Icon of the Mother of God of Vladimir of Seligersk, Commemorated December 7 ; St Hilarion, Metropolitan of Suzdal and Yuriev, Commemorated December 14 ; St Sophia, Commemorated December 16 ; Repose of St Peter the Metropolitan of Moscow and Wonderworker of All Russia, Commemorated on December 21 ; Martyr John of Kazan, Commemorated January 24 ; ANDREI RUBLEV, MONK AND ICONOGRAPHER, 1430, Commemorated January 29 ; Icon of the Mother of God "Elets-Chernigov", Commemorated February 5 ; St Theophan the Recluse the Bishop of Tambov; St Alexis the Metropolitan of Moscow and Wonderworker of All Russia, Commemorated February 12 ; Right-believing George the Great Prince of Vladimir, Commemorated on February 4; St Vsevolod (in holy baptism Gabriel) the Wonderworker of Pskov, Commemorated February 11 ; Venerable Cosmas of Yakhrom, Commemorated February 18 ; Venerable Erasmus of the Kiev Near Caves, Commemorated February 24 ; Icon of the Mother of God of Volokolamsk, Commemorated on March 3; Right-believing Prince Basil (Vasilko) of Rostov, Commemorated on March 4; Right-believing Prince Daniel of Moscow, Commemorated on March 4; Icon of the Mother of God of St Theodore, Commemorated on March 14; St Theognostus the Metropolitan of Kiev and All Russia, Commemorated on March 14 ; Venerable Euthymius of Suzdal, Commemorated on April 1; Martyr Abraham of Bulgaria, Commemorated on April 1; Icon of the Mother of God of St Maximus, Commemorated on April 18; Venerable Stephen the Abbot of the Kiev Far Caves, and Bishop of Vladimir, in Volhynia, Commemorated on April 27; St Cyril the Bishop of Turov, Commemorated on April 28; Right-believing Tamara, Queen of Georgia, Commemorated on May 1; Hieromartyr Macarius the Metropolitan of Kiev, Commemorated on May 1; Holy Queen Tamara, Commemorated on May 8; Venerable Joseph of Optina, Commemorated on May 9; St Simeon the Bishop of Vladimir and Suzdal of the Kiev Near Caves, Commemorated on May 10; Venerable Dionysius the Archimandrite of St Sergius™ Monastery, Commemorated on May 12; St Nikita the Bishop of Novgorod and Recluse, of the Kiev Far Caves, Commemorated on May 14; Venerable Pachomius the Abbot of Nerekhta, Commemorated on May 15; St Euphrosyne the Princess, (Eudoxia) of Moscow, Commemorated on May 17; Meeting of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God, Commemorated on May 21; St Ignatius the Bishop and Wonderworker of Rostov, Commemorated on May 28; Venerable Tikhon of Luchov, Kostroma, Commemorated on June 16; Icon of the Mother of God œthe God LovingÂ, Commemorated on June 18; Blessed Prince Gleb Andreevich the Son of St Andrew Bogoliubsky, Commemorated on June 20; Meeting of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God in memory of Saving of Moscow from the Invasion of Khan Achmed, Commemorated on June 23; Burial of St Andrew the Prince, Commemorated on July 4 ; Equal of the Apostles Great Prince Vladimir, in Holy Baptism Basil, the Enlightener of the Russian Land, Commemorated on July 15; Blessed Prince Gleb Andreevich the Son of St Andrew Bogoliubsky, Commemorated on June 20 ; ISABEL FLORENCE HAPGOOD, ECUMENIST and JOURNALIST, 1929, Commemorated June 26; St Dionysius the Archbishop of Suzdal, Commemorated on June 26; St Photius the Metropolitan of Kiev, Commemorated on July 2 ; The Placing of the Honorable Robe of the Most Holy Mother of God at Blachernae, Commemorated on July 2; St Basil the Bishop of Ryazan, Commemorated on July 3 ; Burial of St Andrew the Prince, Commemorated on July 4 ; Uncovering of the relics of the Venerable Euthymius the Archimandrite of Suzdal, Commemorated on July 4 ;

Bogoliub monastery, Vladimir (Klyazma River 5) 1158
Bogoliub monastery; St John the Bishop of Suzdal, Commemorated October 15 ;

Cathedral Church of Nativity Monastery, Vladimir, 1155
Vladimir Monastery of the Nativity of the Theotokos at Bogolubovo; Translation of the relics of Saint Alexander Nevsky, Commemorated on August 30; St John the Bishop of Suzdal, Commemorated October 15 ; St Simeon the Bishop of Vladimir and Suzdal of the Kiev Near Caves, Commemorated on May 10; Blessed Prince Gleb Andreevich the Son of St Andrew Bogoliubsky, Commemorated on June 20 ;

Konstantine and Helen Monastery, Proyezd, 8, Vladimir 600031 Russia
Konstantino-Yeleninskiy Proyezd, 8, Vladimir 600031 Russia; Saint Alexis, Metropolitan of Moscow, Wonderworker of All Russia, Commemorated on February 12;

Vladimir Monastery of the Nativity of the Theotokos at Bogolubovo, 1155
Vladimir Monastery of the Nativity of the Theotokos at Bogolubovo; Translation of the relics of Saint Alexander Nevsky, Commemorated on August 30; St John the Bishop of Suzdal, Commemorated October 15 ; St Simeon the Bishop of Vladimir and Suzdal of the Kiev Near Caves, Commemorated on May 10; Blessed Prince Gleb Andreevich the Son of St Andrew Bogoliubsky, Commemorated on June 20 ;

Temple of the Protection at Nerl (Klyzma River 5) 1165
Temple of the Protection on the Nerl (Klyzma River 5) 12th Century; Kopyrsk monastery on the River Ukhtoma, 80 kilometers (120 Kilometers) from Rostov. River Ukhtoma (River Nerl) is the major tributary of the Klyzama. The Protection of our Most Holy Lady the Mother of God and Ever-Virgin Mary, Commemorated on October 1 ; St James the Bishop and Wonderworker of Rostov, Commemorated November 27 ; Temple of the Protection on the Nerl, Commemorated March 5 ;

Nerl, Church of the Intercession on the Nerl (Klyzma River 5) 1165
Nerl River (Klyzma); Kopyrsk monastery on the River Ukhtoma, 80 kilometers (120 Kilometers) from Rostov. River Ukhtoma (River Nerl) is the major tributary of the Klyzama. The Protection of our Most Holy Lady the Mother of God and Ever-Virgin Mary, Commemorated on October 1 ; St James the Bishop and Wonderworker of Rostov, Commemorated November 27 ; Temple of the Protection on the Nerl, Commemorated March 5 ;

Nerl, Temple of the Protection at Nerl (Klyzma River 5) 1165
Nerl, Temple of the Protection on the Nerl (Klyzma River 5) 12th Century; Temple of the Protection on the Nerl, Commemorated March 5 ; Kopyrsk monastery on the River Ukhtoma, 80 kilometers (120 Kilometers) from Rostov. River Ukhtoma (River Nerl) is the major tributary of the Klyzama. The Protection of our Most Holy Lady the Mother of God and Ever-Virgin Mary, Commemorated on October 1 ; St James the Bishop and Wonderworker of Rostov, Commemorated November 27 ;

Kopyrsk monastery, Vladimir-Suzdal (Nerl (Uktoma) mouth, Klyzma River 5) 1165
Kopyrsk monastery on the River Ukhtoma, 80 kilometers (120 Kilometers) from Rostov. River Ukhtoma (River Nerl) is the major tributary of the Klyzama. Temple of the Protection on the Nerl, Commemorated March 5 ; St James the Bishop and Wonderworker of Rostov, Commemorated November 27 ;

Assumption Cathedral, Vladimir, 1158 & 1408
Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir; ANDREI RUBLEV, MONK AND ICONOGRAPHER, 1430, Commemorated January 29 ; St Simeon the Bishop of Vladimir and Suzdal of the Kiev Near Caves, Commemorated on May 10;

Vladimir-Suzdal Cathedral
Vladimir-Suzdal Cathedral; Icon of the Mother of God of St Peter of Moscow, Commemorated August 24 ; St Cyril the Bishop of Turov, Commemorated on April 28; Right-believing Tamara, Queen of Georgia, Commemorated on May 1; Icon of the Mother of God œthe God LovingÂ, Commemorated on June 18; Burial of St Andrew the Prince, Commemorated on July 4;

Nativity Monastery, Vladimir
Nativity Monastery, Vladimir; Monastery in Vladimir in 1192 by Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky's successor, Prince Vsevolod III, this monastery was for a while considered the heart of the Russian church; indeed, the consecrated remains of 13th-century prince Alexander Nevsky were interred here for 450 years, until Peter the Great ordered them moved to Nevsky Monastery in St Petersburg. Soviet times the monastery building was used for government offices, but in 1992 it was reopened for its 800th anniversary and its religious functions resumed. Venerable Pachomius, Abbot of Nerekhta, Commemorated on May 15;

Bogolub (God-lover), Vladimir
The monastery, and the city which formed around the monastery, was named Bogolub by St Andrew, because in his own words, œthe Mother of God loves this place,Â and the prince himself came to be called Bogolub or œGod-lover. St Simeon the Bishop of Vladimir and Suzdal of the Kiev Near Caves, Commemorated on May 10; Icon of the Mother of God œthe God LovingÂ, Commemorated on June 18; Blessed Prince Gleb Andreevich the Son of St Andrew Bogoliubsky, Commemorated on June 20 ; Burial of St Andrew the Prince, Commemorated on July 4 ;

Dormition Cathedral, Vladimir, 1158
Dormition Cathedral, Vladimir; Uncovering of the relics of the Venerable Seraphim of Sarov, Commemorated on July 19 ; Right-believing Prince Basil (Vasilko) of Rostov, Commemorated on March 4; Icon of the Mother of God of St Theodore, Commemorated on March 14; St Simeon the Bishop of Vladimir and Suzdal of the Kiev Near Caves, Commemorated on May 10; Icon of the Mother of God œthe God LovingÂ, Commemorated on June 18; Blessed Prince Gleb Andreevich the Son of St Andrew Bogoliubsky, Commemorated on June 20 ; Burial of St Andrew the Prince, Commemorated on July 4 ;

White Bluff Monastery and Florischev Hermitage in the Vladimir Province
Venerable Macarius of Optina, Commemorated September 7 ;

Russia, Vladimir, Merchants Road, Klyazma River 5, Ukhtoma River Folder, Suzdal or Southern Valley

Ukhtoma (Nerl Klyazma) River

Ukhtoma (Nerl) River Source (along the border)

Ukhtoma (Nerl) River 1

Ukhtoma (Nerl) River 2

Ukhtoma (Nerl) River 3

Ukhtoma (Nerl) River 4 (Southern Valley)

Ukhtoma (Nerl) River 5 (Suzdal)

Suzdal (Southern Valley, Ukhtoma (Nerl) River 5)
Suzdal (Southern Valley) ; Uncovering of the relics of the Venerable Euthymius the Archimandrite of Suzdal Eudokia, in Monasticism Euphrosyne, the Grand Duchess of Moscow; Venerable Euphrosyne of Suzdal, Commemorated on September 18 ; Venerable Euphrosyne of Suzdal, Commemorated on September 25 ; St John the Bishop of Suzdal, Commemorated October 15 ; Repose of St Alexander Nevsky, Commemorated November 23; Commemoration of the Weeping Icon of the Mother of God œof the SignÂ at Novgorod, Commemorated on November 27 ; St Maximus, Metropolitan of Kiev, Commemorated December 6 ; St Hilarion, Metropolitan of Suzdal and Yuriev, Commemorated December 14 ; St Sophia, Commemorated December 16 ; St Vsevolod (in holy baptism Gabriel) the Wonderworker of Pskov, Commemorated February 11 ; Right-believing Prince Basil (Vasilko) of Rostov, Commemorated on March 4; Right-believing Prince Daniel of Moscow, Commemorated on March 4; Venerable Euthymius of Suzdal, Commemorated on April 1; Right-believing Tamara, Queen of Georgia, Commemorated on May 1; St Simeon the Bishop of Vladimir and Suzdal of the Kiev Near Caves, Commemorated on May 10; St Euphrosyne the Princess, (Eudoxia) of Moscow, Commemorated on May 17; Icon of the Mother of God œthe God LovingÂ, Commemorated on June 18; St Dionysius the Archbishop of Suzdal, Commemorated on June 26; Burial of St Andrew the Prince, Commemorated on July 4; Uncovering of the relics of the Venerable Euthymius the Archimandrite of Suzdal, Commemorated on July 4 ;

Savior-St Euthymius Monastery at Suzdal, 1352
Savior-St Euthymius Monastery at Suzdal, 1352; Suzdal; Venerable Theodoritus the Enlightener of the Lapps, Solovki, Commemorated on August 17; Venerable Euthymius of Suzdal, Commemorated on April 1; Uncovering of the relics of the Venerable Euthymius the Archimandrite of Suzdal, Commemorated on July 4:

Suzdal Protection Monastery Convent, Savior-St Euthymius Monastery at Suzdal, 1352
Suzdal Protection Monastery Convent, Savior-St Euthymius Monastery at Suzdal, 1352; Suzdal; Venerable Theodoritus the Enlightener of the Lapps, Solovki, Commemorated on August 17; Venerable Euthymius of Suzdal, Commemorated on April 1; Uncovering of the relics of the Venerable Euthymius the Archimandrite of Suzdal, Commemorated on July 4:

Suzdal Fortress (Suzdal Kremlin) 1100
Suzdal Fortress (Suzdal Kremlin) ; Hieromartyr and Metropolitan of Moscow and Krutitsy, Peter Polyansky, Commemorated on October 10 ;

Vladimir Nativity monastery, 1200
Vladimir Nativity monastery; Right-believing Prince Basil (Vasilko) of Rostov, Commemorated on March 4; Right-believing Prince Basil (Vasilko) of Rostov, Commemorated on March 4; Venerable Pachomius the Abbot of Nerekhta, Commemorated on May 15;

Ukhtoma (Nerl) River Mouth (Vladimir, Klyzma River 5)

Church of the Intercession on the Nerl (Uktoma (Nerl) Mouth, Klyzma River 5) 1165
Church of the Intercession on the Nerl, Commemorated March 5 ; The Protection of our Most Holy Lady the Mother of God and Ever-Virgin Mary, Commemorated on October 1 ;

Russia, Vladimir, Klyazma River 5.2, Sudogda River Folder

Sudogda River

Sudogda River 1

Sudogda River 2

Sudogda River Mouth (Klyazma River 5)

Klyazma River 6 (Uvod River Mouth)

Klyazma River 7 (Teza River Mouth)

Russia, Vladimir, Klyazma River 7, Teza River Folder

Teza River

Teza River Source (Ivanovoskaya)

Teza River 1 (Shuya)

Shui (Shuya), Vladimir-Suzdal (Teza River 1)
Shui; St Metrophanes (in schema Macarius) the Bishop of Voronezh, Commemorated November 23 ;

Teza River Mouth (Klyazma River 7)

Klyazma River 8 (Vyazniki)

Russia, Vladimir, Klyazma River 8, Lukh River Folder

Lukh River

Lukh River Source (above Yurievets, Kostroma)

Lukh, Vladimir (Lukh River Source above Yurievets, Kostroma)
Lukh (Lukh River); Venerable Tikhon of Luchov, Kostroma, Commemorated on June 16;

Lukh River Mouth (Klyazma River 8)

Klyazma River 9 (Gorokhovetsa)

Gorokhovetsa, Vladimir-Suzdal (Klyazma River 9)
Gorokhovetsa, Vladimir-Suzdal (Klyazma River 9) ; St Hilarion, Metropolitan of Suzdal and Yuriev, Commemorated December 14 ;

Phlorischev wilderness monastery, not far from Gorokhovetsa, Vladimir-Suzdal (Klyazma River 9) 1655
Gorokhovetsa, Vladimir-Suzdal (Klyazma River 9) ; St Hilarion, Metropolitan of Suzdal and Yuriev, Commemorated December 14 ;

Klyazma River Mouth (Nizhny Novgorod, Oka River 14)

Nizhni-Novgorod, Suzdal (Oka River Mouth, Klyazma River Mouth, Volga River 9) 1221
Nizhni-Novgorod (Volga River at Oka); Uncovering of the relics of the Venerable Seraphim of Sarov, Commemorated on July 19 ; Venerable Macarius the Abbot of Zheltovod and Unzha, Commemorated on July 25 ; Icon of the Mother of God œof the PassionÂ, Commemorated on August 13; St Hilarion, Metropolitan of Suzdal and Yuriev, Commemorated December 14 ; St Alexis the Metropolitan of Moscow and Wonderworker of All Russia, Commemorated on February 12 ; Hieromartyr Hermogenes the Patriarch of Moscow and Wonderworker of All Russia, Commemorated on February 17; Martyr John of Kazan; Right-believing Prince Basil (Vasilko) of Rostov, Commemorated on March 4; Icon of the Mother of God of St Theodore, Commemorated on March 14; Venerable Euthymius of Suzdal, Commemorated on April 1; Icon of the Mother of God œof the PassionÂ, Commemorated on April 30; Venerable Dionysius the Archimandrite of St Sergius™ Monastery, Commemorated on May 12; Meeting of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God, Commemorated on May 21 ; St Tikhon the Bishop of Amathus in Cyprus, Commemorated on June 16 ; St Dionysius the Archbishop of Suzdal, Commemorated on June 26;

Monastery of the Caves, Nizhny Novgorod, 1328, St Dionysius
Monastery of the Caves; Icon of the Mother of God of St Theodore, Commemorated on March 14; Venerable Euthymius of Suzdal, Commemorated on April 1;

Pechersk (Caves) Monestary, Nizhny Novgorod, 1328, St Dionysius
Pechersk Monestary; Venerable Euthymius of Suzdal, Commemorated on April 1;

Annunciation Monastery, Nizhny Novgorod, 1221
Annunciation Monastery, Nizhny Novgorod; Repose of Saint Theoctistus, Archbishop of Novgorod, Commemorated on December 23; Saint Alexis, Metropolitan of Moscow, Wonderworker of All Russia, Commemorated on February 12;

Gorodets, Nizhny Novgorod (Oka River Mouth, Volga River 8.8)
Gorodets, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (Volga River 9); Icon of the Mother of God of St Theodore, Commemorated on August 16; Venerable Cherimon (Chaeremon) of Egypt, Commemorated on August 16; Translation of the relics of St Alexander Nevsky, Commemorated on August 30; Icon of the Mother of God of St Theodore, Commemorated on March 14;

Gorodtsa on the Volga
Gorodets, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (Volga River 8.8); Icon of the Mother of God of St Theodore, Commemorated on August 16; Translation of the relics of St Alexander Nevsky, Commemorated on August 30; Icon of the Mother of God of St Theodore, Commemorated on March 14;