Rome, 000, 1st Century, Folder, Roman Empire, Jesus.kmz

Rome, 000, 1st Century, Folder, Roman Empire, Jesus

Rome, 1-33, Lord Jesus Christ
Jerusalem, 1AD-33 AD, Lord Jesus Christ; Venerable Simeon Stylites the Younger of Wonderful Mountain, Commemorated on May 24;

Rome, 10-66, Evodius, Syrian Saint, Bishop, writer, mary birth at 15, died under Nero in 66
Syrian Saint, 10-66, Evodius; Evodius or Euodias (died circa 69) was an Early Christian bishop of Antioch, succeeding Saint Peter. He is regarded as one of the first identifiable Christians, and venerated as a saint. is known of the life of Evodius. the time, Antioch was an opulent and cosmopolitan city where both Hellenized Jews and pagans were influenced by monotheism. According to the Book of Acts, one of the first evangelised communities were these Jews and pagans of Antioch. It was there that the term "Christian" was coined for these Gentiles, mainly Syrian and Greek converts.[citation needed] Peter became the bishop of Antioch and led the church there. Evodius is said to have been one of the pagans converted to Christianity due to the apostolic work of Saint Peter.[citation needed] eventually succeeded Peter as bishop of Antioch when Peter left for Rome.[1] Evodius was bishop of Antioch until 66 AD, and was succeeded by Saint Ignatius of Antioch. Catholic tradition says it is likely that Saint Evodius died of natural causes, however, the Eastern Orthodox tradition holds that he was martyred under Emperor Nero in 66 AD.[2] As one of the first pagans to come to the new church, he is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church as well as in the Eastern Orthodox Church and in Oriental Orthodoxy including the Assyrian Church of the East. His feast day is 6 May in the Catholic Church and 7 September in the Eastern Orthodox Church. Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy, Commemorated on August 21; Apostle Evodius (Euodias) of the Seventy, Commemorated on September 7; Holy Apostle Evodius of the Seventy was, after the holy Apostle Peter, the first bishop in Syrian Antioch. His successor, the Hieromartyr Ignatius the God-Bearer (December 20), disciple of the holy Apostle John the Theologian, mentions him in his Letter to the Antiochians: “Remember your blessed father Evodus, who was made your first pastor by the Apostles.” Evodius served as bishop for 27 years and died as a martyr under the emperor Nero (54-68). Saint Evodus wrote several compositions. In one of them he writes that the Most Holy Virgin Mary gave birth to the Savior of the world at the age of fifteen. writings of the saint have not survived. A book entitled THE STAR is mentioned by the fourteenth century church historian Nikēphóros Callistus. Saint Evodus received the crown of martyrdom in the year 66. Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4;

Rome, 14-37, Emperor, Tiberius, red egg of resurrection from M Magdelen
Roman Emperor, 14-37, Tiberius; Luke 3:1-14, The Proclamation of John the Baptist; Hieromartyr Pancratius the Bishop of Taormina in Sicily, Commemorated on July 9 ; St Julian the Bishop of Cenomanis (Le Mans) in Gaul, Commemorated July 13 ; Myrrhbearer and Equal of the Apostles Mary Magdalene, Commemorated on July 22; Apostle Andronicus of the Seventy, Commemorated July 30 ; Hieromartyr Eutyches the Disciple of St John the Theologian, Commemorated on August 24; Apostle Titus of the Seventy and Bishop of Crete, Commemorated August 25 ; Return of the Relics of the Apostle Bartholomew from Anastasiopolis to Lipari, Commemorated August 25 : By the power of God the chests did not sink into the depths of the sea, but miraculously floated upon the waves and reached Italy. The chest with the relics of the Apostle Bartholomew came to land at the island of Lipari, and the remaining chests continued their journey and came to land at various places in Italy. The chest with the relics of the Martyr Papian halted at Sicily, the Martyr Lucian at Messina, the Martyr Gregory at Calabria, and the Martyr Acacius at Askalon. ; Apostle Evodius (Euodias) of the Seventy, Commemorated on September 7; Apostle Quadratus of the Seventy, Commemorated on September 21; St Xanthippe Disciple of the Apostles, who died in Spain, Commemorated on September 23 ; Apostle Aristarchus of the Seventy, Commemorated on September 27; Hieromartyr Dionysius the Areopagite the Bishop of Athens, Commemorated on October 3; Hieromartyr Hierotheus the Bishop of Athens, Commemorated October 4 ; Holy, Glorious Apostle Thomas, Commemorated on October 6 ; Apostle James the Son of Alphaeus, Commemorated on October 9; Apostle Philip of the Seventy, One of the Seven Deacons, Commemorated on October 11; Martyr Longinus the Centurion, who stood at the Cross of the Lord, Commemorated on October 16; Apostle and Evangelist Luke, Commemorated on October 18; LUKE THE EVANGELIST, (18 OCTOBER) ; Apostle James, the Brother of the Lord, Commemorated on October 23; JAMES OF JERUSALEM, BISHOP AND MARTYR (23 OCT NT); Apostle Artemas of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 30 ; Apostle Justus of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 30; Apostle Mark of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 30; Apostle Tertius of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 30; Apostle Amplias of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 31; Apostle Apelles of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 31; Apostle Aristobulus of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 31; Apostle Narcissus of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 31; Apostle Stachys of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 31; Apostle Urban of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 31; Apostle Gaius of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 5; Apostle Hermes of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 5; Apostle Linus of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 5; Apostle Patrobus of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 5; Apostle Philologus of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 5; Apostle Erastus of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 10; Apostle Quartus of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 10; Apostle Rodion of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 10; Apostle Sosipater of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 10; Apostle Tertius of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 10; Holy, All-Praised Apostle Philip, Commemorated on November 14; Apostle and Evangelist Matthew, Commemorated on November 16; Apostle Philemon of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 22; Apostle Archippus the Martyr of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 22 ; Hieromartyr Clement the Pope of Rome, Commemorated on November 25; ANDREW THE APOSTLE, (30 NOV NT) ; Apostle Andrew, the Holy and All-Praised First-Called, Commemorated on November 30; Apostle Apollos of the Seventy, Commemorated on December 8; Apostle Cephas of the Seventy, Commemorated on December 8; Apostle Epaphroditus of the Seventy, Commemorated on December 8; Apostle Onesiphorus of the Seventy, Commemorated on December 8; Apostle Sosthenes of the Seventy, Commemorated on December 8; Apostle Tychicus of the Seventy, Commemorated on December 8; Hieromartyr Ignatius the God-Bearer the Bishop of Antioch, Commemorated on December 20; THOMAS THE APOSTLE, (21 DEC NT) ; Commemoration of the Shepherds in Bethlehem who were watching their flocks, and went to see the Lord, Commemorated on December 25; Icon of the Mother of God of œVilna, Commemorated on December 26; STEPHEN, DEACON AND PROTOMARTYR (26 DEC NT); Joseph of Holy Righteous Joseph the Betrothed, along with David the King, and James the Brother of the Lord, Commemorated on December 27; Icon of the Mother of God œthe Merciful, Commemorated on December 27; JOHN, APOSTLE AND EVANGELIST (27 DEC NT); Protomartyr and Archdeacon Stephen, Commemorated on December 27; James of Holy Righteous Joseph the Betrothed, along with David the King, and James the Brother of the Lord, Commemorated on December 27; Apostle Nicanor the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on December 28; THE HOLY INNOCENTS, (28 DEC NT) ; Apostle Timon the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on December 30 ; The Circumcision of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, Commemorated on January 1; THE HOLY NAME OF JESUS, OR, THE CIRCUMCISION OF CHRIST, (1 JAN); Apostle and Evangelist Luke of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4 ; Apostle Barnabas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Euodius of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle James, of the Seventy, the Brother of the Lord, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Justus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Mark the Evangelist of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4 ; Apostle Simeon, of the Seventy, the son of Cleophas, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Cleophas of the Seventy, the Brother of Joseph the Betrothed, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Ananias of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Philip the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Prochorus the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Nicanor the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4 ; Apostle Timon the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Parmenas the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Timothy of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Titus of the Seventy and Bishop of Crete, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Philemon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Onesimus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Epaphroditus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Archippus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Silas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Silvanus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Crescens of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Crispus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Epenetus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Andronicus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Stachys of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Amplias of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Urban of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Narcissus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Apelles of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Aristobulus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Herodion of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Agabus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Rufus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Asyncritus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Phlegon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Hermes of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Patrobus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Hermas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Linus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Gaius of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Lucius of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Jason of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Sosipater of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Olympas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Tertius of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Erastus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Quartus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Onesiphorus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Clement of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Sosthenes of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Apollos of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Tychicus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Carpus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Quadratus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Mark of the Seventy, called John, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Zenas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Aristarchus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Pudens of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Trophimus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Mark of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4 ; Apostle Artemas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Aquila of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4 ; Apostle Fortunatus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Feast of the Theophany of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, Commemorated on January 6; THE FEAST OF THE HOLY EPIPHANY, (6 January) ; Synaxis of the Holy Glorious Prophet, Forerunner and Baptist John, Commemorated on January 7; St Mariamne the sister of the Apostle Philip, Commemorated on February 17; Venerable Conan, Abbot of the Pethukla Monastery, Commemorated on February 19; MATTHIAS THE APOSTLE, (24 FEB NT); JOSEPH, GUARDIAN OF OUR LORD (19 MAR NT); Martyr Kyriake of Rome, Commemorated on March 20; Martyr Photina (Svetlana), the Samaritan Woman, and Her Sons, Commemorated on March 20; The Annunciation of our Most Holy Lady, the Theotokos and Ever-Virgin Mary, Commemorated on March 25; THE ANNUNCIATION, OF OUR LORD JESUS CHRIST TO THE BLESSED VIRGIN MARY (25 MAR NT); Apostle Apollos of the Seventy, Commemorated on March 30; Apostle Sosthenes of the Seventy, Commemorated on March 30; Apostle Herodion of the Seventy, and those with Him, Commemorated on April 8; Hieromartyr Antipas the Bishop of Pergamum and Disciple of St John the Theologian, Commemorated on April 11; Apostle Zacchaeus, Commemorated on April 20; Apostle and Evangelist Mark, Commemorated on April 25 ; MARK THE EVANGELIST, (25 APR NT) ; Apostle James the Brother of St John the Theologian, Commemorated on April 30; James of PHILIP AND JAMES, APOSTLES (1 MAY NT) ; Philip of PHILIP AND JAMES, APOSTLES (1 MAY NT); Apostle Simon Zealotes, Commemorated on May 10; St Eutychius the Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated on May 28; Apostle Hermas of the Seventy, Commemorated on May 31 ; Righteous Martha the sister of Lazarus, Commemorated on June 4; Nativity of the Holy Glorious Prophet, Forerunner and Baptist, Commemorated on June 24 ; THE BIRTH OF JOHN THE BAPTIST, (24 JUNE NT); PETER AND PAUL, APOSTLES AND MARTYRS (29 JUN 64); The Holy Glorious and All-Praised Leader of the Apostles, Paul, Commemorated on June 29; The Holy Glorious and All-Praised Leader of the Apostles, Peter, Commemorated on June 29; The Holy Glorious and All-Praised Leaders of the Apostles, Peter and Paul, Commemorated on June 29 ;

Rome, 30-63, Apostle James, Lord's brother, Nazarene, f bishop, Council p, conversions, off roof, stoning, litergy, book
Jerusalem, 30-63, Apostle James, brother of the Lord ; Apostle James, the Brother of the Lord, Commemorated on October 23; Apostle James, the Brother of God (Adelphotheos) was the son of Righteous Joseph the Betrothed of the Most Holy Theotokos (December 26). his early years James was a Nazarene, a man especially dedicated to God. The Nazarenes vowed to preserve their virginity, to abstain from wine, to refrain from eating meat, and not to cut their hair. The vow of the Nazarenes symbolized a life of holiness and purity, commanded formerly by the Lord for all Israel. the Savior began to teach the nation about the Kingdom of God, Saint James believed in Christ and became His apostle. He was chosen as the first Bishop of Jerusalem. James presided over the Council of Jerusalem and his word was decisive (Acts 15). his thirty years as bishop, Saint James converted many of the Jews to Christianity. Annoyed by this, the Pharisees and the Scribes plotted together to kill Saint James. They led the saint up on the pinnacle of the Jerusalem Temple and asked what he thought of Jesus. The holy Apostle began to bear witness that Christ is the Messiah, which was not the response the Pharisees were expecting. Greatly angered, the Jewish teachers threw him off the roof. saint did not die immediately, but gathering his final strength, he prayed to the Lord for his enemies while they were stoning him. Saint James’ martyrdom occurred about 63 A.D. holy Apostle James composed a Divine Liturgy, which formed the basis of the Liturgies of Saints Basil the Great and John Chrysostom. The Church has preserved an Epistle of Saint James, one of the books of the New Testament. 1853, Patriarch Hierotheus of Alexandria sent to Moscow a portion of the relics of Saint James. The Church distinguishes between the holy Apostle James the Brother of God, and Saint James the son of Zebedee (April 30) and Saint James the son of Alphaeus (October 9).

Rome, 30-62, Apostle Barnabus, first to preach in Rome
Rome, 30-62, Apostle Barnabus, first to preach in Rome; born Joseph, was according to tradition an early Christian, one of the prominent Christian disciples in Jerusalem. According to Acts 4:36, Barnabas was a Cypriot Jew. Named an apostle in Acts 14:14, he and Paul the Apostle undertook missionary journeys together and defended Gentile converts against the Judaizers. They traveled together making more converts (c. 45-47), and participated in the Council of Jerusalem (c. 50). Barnabas and Paul successfully evangelized among the "God-fearing" Gentiles who attended synagogues in various Hellenized cities of Anatolia. story appears in the Acts of the Apostles, and Paul mentions him in some of his epistles. Tertullian named him as the author of the Epistle to the Hebrews, but this and other attributions are conjecture. Clement of Alexandria and some scholars have ascribed the Epistle of Barnabas to him, but his authorship is disputed. the date, place, and circumstances of his death are historically unverifiable, Christian tradition holds that Barnabas was martyred at Salamis, Cyprus. He is traditionally identified as the founder of the Cypriot Orthodox Church. The feast day of Barnabas is celebrated on June 11. is usually identified as the cousin of Mark the Evangelist on the basis of the term "anepsios" used in Colossians 4, which carries the connotation of "cousin." Orthodox tradition holds that Aristobulus of Britannia, one of the Seventy Disciples, was the brother of Barnabas.[1] 11:24 describes Barnabas as "a good man, and full of the Holy Spirit and of faith". Apostle Barnabas of the Seventy, Commemorated on June 11; Apostle Barnabas of the Seventy was born on the island of Cyprus into the family of the tribe of Levi, and he was named Joseph. He received his education at Jerusalem, being raised with his friend and fellow student Saul (the future Apostle Paul) under the renowned teacher of the Law, Gamaliel. Joseph was pious, he frequented the Temple, he strictly observed the fasts and avoided youthful distractions. During this time period our Lord Jesus Christ began His public ministry. Seeing the Lord and hearing His Divine Words, Joseph believed in Him as the Messiah. Filled with ardent love for the Savior, he followed Him. The Lord chose him to be one of His Seventy Apostles. The other Apostles called him Barnabas, which means “son of consolation.â€ After the Ascension of the Lord to Heaven, Barnabas sold land belonging to him near Jerusalem and he brought the money to the feet of the Apostles, leaving nothing for himself (Acts 4:36-37). Saul arrived in Jerusalem after his conversion and sought to join the followers of Christ, everyone there was afraid of him since he had persecuted the Church only a short while before. Barnabas, however, came with him to the Apostles and reported how the Lord had appeared to Saul on the road to Damascus (Acts 9:26-28). Barnabas went to Antioch to encourage the believers, “Having come and having seen the grace of God, he rejoiced and he urged all to cleave to the Lord with sincerity of heartâ€ (Acts 11:23). Then he went to Tarsus, and brought the Apostle Paul to Antioch, where for about a year they taught the people. It was here that the disciples first began to be called Christians (Acts 11:26). With the onset of famine, and taking along generous alms, Paul and Barnabas returned to Jerusalem. When King Herod killed Saint James the son of Zebedee, and had the Apostle Peter put under guard in prison to please the Jews, Saints Barnabas and Paul and Peter were led out of the prison by an angel of the Lord. hid out at the house of Barnabas’ aunt Maria. Later, when the persecution had quieted down, they returned to Antioch, taking with them Maria’s son John, surnamed Mark. Under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, the prophets and teachers there imposed hands upon Barnabas and Paul, and sent them off to do the work to which the Lord had called them (Acts 13:2-3). Arriving in Seleucia, they sailed off to Cyprus and in the city of Salamis they preached the Word of God in the Jewish synagogues. Paphos they came across a sorcerer and false prophet named Bar-Jesus, who was close with the proconsul Sergius. Wishing to hear the Word of God, the proconsul invited the saints to come to him. The sorcerer attempted to sway the proconsul from the Faith, but the Apostle Paul denounced the sorcerer, who through his words suddenly fell blind. The proconsul believed in Christ (Acts 13:6-12). Paphos Barnabas and Paul set sail for Pergamum of Pamphylia, and then they preached to the Jews and the Gentiles at Pisidian Antioch and throughout all that region. The Jews rioted and expelled Paul and Barnabas. The saints arrived in Iconium, but learning that the Jews wanted to stone them, they withdrew to Lystra and Derben. There the Apostle Paul healed a man, crippled in the legs from birth. The people assumed them to be the gods Zeus and Hermes and wanted to offer them sacrifice. The saints just barely persuaded them not to do this (Acts 14:8-18). the question arose whether those converted from the Gentiles should accept circumcision, Barnabas and Paul went to Jerusalem. There they were warmly received by the Apostles and elders. The preachers related “what God had wrought with them and how He had opened the door of faith to the Gentilesâ€ (Acts 14:27). long deliberations the Apostles collectively resolved not to impose any sort of burden upon Gentile Christians except what was necessary: to refrain from the pollutions of idols, and from fornication, and from things strangled, and from blood (Acts 15:19-20). Letters were sent with Barnabas and Paul, and they again preached at Antioch, and after a certain while they decided to visit the other cities where they had visited earlier. Saint Barnabas wanted to take Mark along with him, but Saint Paul did not want to, since earlier he had left them. A quarrel arose, and they separated. Paul took Silas with him and went to Syria and Cilicia, while Barnabas took Mark with him to Cyprus (Acts 15:36-41). multiplied the number of believers, Saint Barnabas traveled to Rome, where he was perhaps the first to preach Christ. Barnabas founded the episcopal see at Mediolanum (now Milan), and upon his return to Cyprus he continued to preach about Christ the Savior. Then the enraged Jews incited the pagans against Barnabas, and they led him out beyond the city and stoned him, and then built a fire to burn the body. Later on, having come upon this spot, Mark took up the unharmed body of Saint Barnabas and buried it in a cave, placing upon the saint’s bosom, in accord with his final wishes, the Gospel of Matthew which he had copied in his own hand. Barnabas died in about the year 62, at age seventy-six. In time, the burial spot was forgotten, but numerous signs took place at this spot. In the year 448, during the time of the emperor Zeno, Saint Barnabas appeared three times in a dream to Archbishop Anthimus of Cyprus and indicated the place where his relics were buried. Starting to dig at the indicated spot, Christians found the incorrupt body of the saint, and upon his chest was the Holy Gospel. was during this time that the Church of Cyprus began to be regarded as Apostolic in origin, and received the right of choosing its head. Thus Saint Barnabas defended Cyprus against the pretensions of the opponent of the Fourth Ecumenical Council, the heretic surnamed Knapheios, who had usurped the patriarchal throne at Antioch and tried to gain dominion over the Church of Cyprus. Rome, 30-67, Apostle Paul Rome, 30-68, Apostle Peter ;

Rome, 30-68, Apostle Paul, formerly the enemy of the church, road to Damascus, Apostle leader, citizen, m Rome in 68
Rome, 30-68, Apostle Paul; hymns for their Feast speak of Saints Peter and Paul as the leaders (koryphaioi), and chiefs of the Apostles. They are, without a doubt, the foremost in the ranks of the Apostles. koryphaioi were leaders of the chorus in ancient Greek tragedy. They set the pattern for the singing, and also for the dance movements and gestures of the chorus. Before Sophocles, there were twelve members of the chorus, and Saints Peter and Paul were the leaders of the twelve Apostles. Paul was of the tribe of Benjamin, and lived in Tarsus in Cilicia. He once described himself as a Hebrew, an Israelite of the seed of Abraham (2 Cor. 11:22). He was also a Pharisee and a tent-maker (Acts 18:3) who had studied the Law with Gamaliel at Jerusalem. first, he was called Saul, and had persecuted the Church. He was present at the stoning of Saint Stephen (Acts 7: 58). Then, on the road to Damascus, he was converted when Christ appeared to him. Blinded by the vision, he was healed when Ananias laid his hands on him. After his cure, he was baptized (Acts 9:18). Paul preached the Gospel in Greece, Asia Minor, and in Rome, and wrote fourteen Epistles. Tradition says that he was martyred in Rome about the year 68. The Holy Glorious and All-Praised Leaders of the Apostles, Peter and Paul, Commemorated on June 29 ; the Holy Church piously remembers the sufferings of the Holy Glorious and All-Praised Apostles Peter and Paul. Peter, the fervent follower of Jesus Christ, for the profound confession of His Divinity: “Thou art the Christ, the Son of the Living God,” was deemed worthy by the Savior to hear in answer, “Blessed art thou, Simon ... I tell thee, that thou art Peter [Petrus], and on this stone [petra] I build My Church” (Mt.16:16-18). On “this stone” [petra], is on that which thou sayest: “Thou art the Christ, the Son of the Living God” it is on this thy confession I build My Church. Wherefore the “thou art Peter”: it is from the “stone” [petra] that Peter [Petrus] is, and not from Peter [Petrus] that the “stone” [petra] is, just as the Christian is from Christ, and not Christ from the Christian. Do you want to know, from what sort of “rock” [petra] the Apostle Peter [Petrus] was named? Hear the Apostle Paul: “Brethren, I do not want ye to be ignorant,” says the Apostle of Christ, “how all our fathers were all under the cloud, and all passed through the sea; and all were baptized unto Moses in the cloud and in the sea; and did all drink the same spiritual drink: for they drank of that spiritual Rock that followed them: and that Rock was Christ” (1 Cor.10: 1-4).... Lord Jesus Christ, in the final days of His earthly life, in the days of His mission to the race of man, chose from among the disciples His twelve Apostles to preach the Word of God. Among them, the Apostle Peter for his fiery ardor was vouchsafed to occupy the first place (Mt.10:2) and to be as it were the representative person for all the Church. Therefore it is said to him, preferentially, after the confession: “I will give unto thee the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven: and whatsoever thou shalt bind on earth, shall be bound in the heaven: and whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth: shall be loosed in heaven” (Mt.16: 19). Therefore it was not one man, but rather the One Universal Church, that received these “keys” and the right “to bind and loosen.” And that it was actually the Church that received this right, and not exclusively a single person, turn your attention to another place of the Scriptures, where the same Lord says to all His Apostles, “Receive ye the Holy Spirit” and further after this, “Whose soever sins ye remit, they are remitted unto them: and whose soever sins ye retain, are retained” (John 20: 22-23); or: “whatsoever ye bind upon the earth, shall be bound in Heaven: and whatsoever ye shall loose on earth, shall be loosened in heaven” (Mt.18:18). Thus, it is the Church that binds, the Church that loosens; the Church, built upon the foundational cornerstone, Jesus Christ Himself (Eph 2:20), doth bind and loosen. Let both the binding and the loosening be feared: the loosening, in order not to fall under this again; the binding, in order not to remain forever in this condition. Therefore “Iniquities ensnare a man, and everyone is bound in the chains of his own sins,” says Wisdom (Prov 5:22); and except for Holy Church nowhere is it possible to receive the loosening. His Resurrection the Lord entrusted the Apostle Peter to shepherd His spiritual flock not because, that among the disciples only Peter alone was pre-deserved to shepherd the flock of Christ, but Christ addresses Himself chiefly to Peter because, that Peter was first among the Apostles and as such the representative of the Church; besides which, having turned in this instance to Peter alone, as to the top Apostle, Christ by this confirms the unity of the Church. “Simon of John” -- says the Lord to Peter -- “lovest thou Me?” -- and the Apostle answered: “Yea, Lord, Thou knowest that I love Thee”; and a second time it was thus asked, and a second time he thus answered; being asked a third time, seeing that as it were not believed, he was saddened. But how is it possible for him not to believe That One, Who knew his heart? And wherefore then Peter answered: “Lord, Thou knowest all; Thou knowest that I love Thee.” “And sayeth Jesus to him” all three times “Feed My sheep” (John 20:15-17). this, the triple appealing of the Savior to Peter and the triple confession of Peter before the Lord had a particular beneficial purpose for the Apostle. That one, to whom was given “the keys of the kingdom” and the right “to bind and to loose,” bound himself thrice by fear and cowardice (Mt.26:69-75), and the Lord thrice loosens him by His appeal and in turn by his confession of strong love. And to shepherd literally the flock of Christ was acquired by all the Apostles and their successors. “Take heed, therefore unto yourselves, and to all the flock,” the Apostle Paul urges church presbyters, “over which the Holy Spirit hath made you overseers, to feed the Church of God, which He hath purchased with His own blood” (Acts 20:28); and the Apostle Peter to the elders: “Feed the flock of God which is among you, taking the oversight thereof not by constraint, but willingly: not for filthy lucre, but of a ready mind: neither as being lords over God’s heritage, but being examples to the flock. And when is appeared the Prince of pastors, ye will receive unfading crowns of glory” (1 Pet. 5:2-4). is remarkable that Christ, having said to Peter: “Feed My sheep,” did not say: “Feed thy sheep,” but rather to feed, good servant, the sheep of the Lord. “Is Christ divided? was Paul crucified for you? or were ye baptized in the name of Paul?” (1 Cor.1:13). “Feed My sheep”. Wherefore “wolfish robbers, wolfish oppressors, deceitful teachers and mercenaries, not being concerned about the flock” (Mt.7:15; Acts 20:29; 2 Pet 2:1; John 10:12), having plundered a strange flock and making of the spoils as though it be of their own particular gain, they think that they feed their flock. Such are not good pastors, as pastors of the Lord. “The good shepherd giveth his life for the sheep” (John 10:11), entrusted to Him by the chief Shepherd Himself (1 Pet 5:4). And the Apostle Peter, true to his calling, gave his soul for the very flock of Christ, having sealed his apostleship by a martyr’s death, is now glorified throughout all the world. Apostle Paul, formerly Saul, was changed from a robbing wolf into a meek lamb. Formerly he was an enemy of the Church, then is manifest as an Apostle. Formerly he stalked it, then preached it. Having received from the high priests the authority at large to throw all Christians in chains for execution, he was already on the way, he breathed out “threatenings and slaughter against the disciples of the Lord” (Acts 9:1), he thirsted for blood, but “He that dwells in the Heavens shall laugh him to scorn” (Ps 2:4). When he, “having persecuted and vexed” in such manner “the Church of God” (1Cor.15:9; Acts 8:5), he came near Damascus, and the Lord from Heaven called to him: “Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou Me?” and I am here, and I am there, I am everywhere: here is My head; there is My body. There becomes nothing of a surprise in this; we ourselves are members of the Body of Christ. “Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou Me; it is hard for thee to kick against the goad” (Acts 9:4-5). Saul, however, “trembling and frightened”, cried out: “Who art Thou, Lord?” The Lord answered him, “I am Jesus Whom thou persecutest.” Saul suddenly undergoes a change: “What wantest Thou me to do?” -- he cries out. And suddenly for him there is the Voice: “Arise, and go to the city, and it shall be told thee what thou must do” (Acts 9:6). Here the Lord sends Ananias: “Arise and go into the street” to a man, “by the name of Saul,” and baptize him, “for this one is a chosen vessel unto Me, to bear My name before the Gentiles, and kings, and the children of Israel” (Acts 9: 11, 15, 18). This vessel must be filled with My Grace. “Ananias, however, answered: Lord, I have heard from many about this man, how much evil he hath done to Thy saints in Jerusalem: and here he hath authority from the chief priests to bind all who call on Thy Name” (Acts 9:13-14). But the Lord urgently commands Ananias: “Search for and fetch him, for this vessel is chosen by Me: for I shall show him what great things he must suffer for My name’s sake” (Acts 9:11, 15-16). actually the Lord did show the Apostle Paul what things he had to suffer for His Name. He instructed him the deeds; He did not stop at the chains, the fetters, the prisons and shipwrecks; He Himself felt for him in his sufferings, He Himself guided him towards this day. On a single day the memory of the sufferings of both these Apostles is celebrated, though they suffered on separate days, but by the spirit and the closeness of their suffering they constitute one. Peter went first, and Paul followed soon after him. Formerly called Saul, and then Paul, having transformed his pride into humility. His very name (Paulus), meaning “small, little, less,” demonstrates this. What is the Apostle Paul after this? Ask him, and he himself gives answer to this: “I am,” says he, “the least of the Apostles... but I have labored more abundantly than all of them: yet not I, but the grace of God, which was with me” (1 Cor.15:9-10). so, brethren, celebrating now the memory of the holy Apostles Peter and Paul, remembering their venerable sufferings, we esteem their true faith and holy life, we esteem the innocence of their sufferings and pure confession. Loving in them the sublime quality and imitating them by great exploits, “in which to be likened to them” (2 Thess 3: 5-9), and we shall attain to that eternal bliss which is prepared for all the saints. The path of our life before was more grievous, thornier, harder, but “we also are compassed about with so great a cloud of witnesses” (Heb 12: 1), having passed by along it, made now for us easier, and lighter, and more readily passable. First there passed along it “the author and finisher of our faith,” our Lord Jesus Christ Himself (Heb 12: 2); His daring Apostles followed after Him; then the martyrs, children, women, virgins and a great multitude of witnesses. Who acted in them and helped them on this path? He Who said, “Without Me ye can do nothing” (John 15: 5). Rome, 30-68, Apostle Peter ; Roman Pope, 66-99, Clement I ; CLEMENT OF ROME, BISHOP (23 NOV 100); Hieromartyr Clement the Pope of Rome, Commemorated on November 25;

Rome, 30-68, Apostle Peter, Apostle leader, fiery ardor, fisherman, crucified in Rome under Nero
Rome, 30-68, Apostle Peter ; Peter[5] (died between AD 64 and 68[1]), also known as Simon Peter, Simeon, Simon (/ˈsaɪmən/ (About this soundlisten)), Cephas (/ˈsiːfəs/[6]), or Peter the Apostle, was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ, and one of the first leaders of the early Church. to Christian tradition, Peter was crucified in Rome under Emperor Nero. He is traditionally counted as the first bishop of Rome‍—‌or pope‍—‌and also by Eastern Christian tradition as the first patriarch of Antioch. The ancient Christian churches all venerate Peter as a major saint and as the founder of the Church of Antioch and the Diocese of Rome,[1] but differ in their attitudes regarding the authority of his successors. According to Catholic teaching, Jesus promised Peter a special position in the Church.[7] the New Testament, Peter appears repeatedly and prominently in all four gospels as well as the Acts of the Apostles. He is the brother of Saint Andrew, and both brothers were fishermen. The Gospel of Mark in particular was traditionally thought to show the influence of Peter's preaching and eyewitness memories. He is also mentioned, under either the name Peter or Cephas, in Paul's First Letter to the Corinthians and the Epistle to the Galatians. The New Testament also includes two general epistles, First Peter and Second Peter, that are traditionally attributed to him, but modern scholarship generally rejects the Petrine authorship of both.[8] of the New Testament, several apocryphal books were later attributed to him, in particular the Acts of Peter, Gospel of Peter, Preaching of Peter, Apocalypse of Peter, and Judgment of Peter, although scholars believe these works to be pseudoepigrapha.[9][10][11] Roman Pope, 66-99, Clement I ; CLEMENT OF ROME, BISHOP (23 NOV 100); Hieromartyr Clement the Pope of Rome, Commemorated on November 25; The Holy Glorious and All-Praised Leaders of the Apostles, Peter and Paul, Commemorated on June 29 ; the Holy Church piously remembers the sufferings of the Holy Glorious and All-Praised Apostles Peter and Paul. Peter, the fervent follower of Jesus Christ, for the profound confession of His Divinity: “Thou art the Christ, the Son of the Living God,” was deemed worthy by the Savior to hear in answer, “Blessed art thou, Simon ... I tell thee, that thou art Peter [Petrus], and on this stone [petra] I build My Church” (Mt.16:16-18). On “this stone” [petra], is on that which thou sayest: “Thou art the Christ, the Son of the Living God” it is on this thy confession I build My Church. Wherefore the “thou art Peter”: it is from the “stone” [petra] that Peter [Petrus] is, and not from Peter [Petrus] that the “stone” [petra] is, just as the Christian is from Christ, and not Christ from the Christian. Do you want to know, from what sort of “rock” [petra] the Apostle Peter [Petrus] was named? Hear the Apostle Paul: “Brethren, I do not want ye to be ignorant,” says the Apostle of Christ, “how all our fathers were all under the cloud, and all passed through the sea; and all were baptized unto Moses in the cloud and in the sea; and did all drink the same spiritual drink: for they drank of that spiritual Rock that followed them: and that Rock was Christ” (1 Cor.10: 1-4).... Lord Jesus Christ, in the final days of His earthly life, in the days of His mission to the race of man, chose from among the disciples His twelve Apostles to preach the Word of God. Among them, the Apostle Peter for his fiery ardor was vouchsafed to occupy the first place (Mt.10:2) and to be as it were the representative person for all the Church. Therefore it is said to him, preferentially, after the confession: “I will give unto thee the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven: and whatsoever thou shalt bind on earth, shall be bound in the heaven: and whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth: shall be loosed in heaven” (Mt.16: 19). Therefore it was not one man, but rather the One Universal Church, that received these “keys” and the right “to bind and loosen.” And that it was actually the Church that received this right, and not exclusively a single person, turn your attention to another place of the Scriptures, where the same Lord says to all His Apostles, “Receive ye the Holy Spirit” and further after this, “Whose soever sins ye remit, they are remitted unto them: and whose soever sins ye retain, are retained” (John 20: 22-23); or: “whatsoever ye bind upon the earth, shall be bound in Heaven: and whatsoever ye shall loose on earth, shall be loosened in heaven” (Mt.18:18). Thus, it is the Church that binds, the Church that loosens; the Church, built upon the foundational cornerstone, Jesus Christ Himself (Eph 2:20), doth bind and loosen. Let both the binding and the loosening be feared: the loosening, in order not to fall under this again; the binding, in order not to remain forever in this condition. Therefore “Iniquities ensnare a man, and everyone is bound in the chains of his own sins,” says Wisdom (Prov 5:22); and except for Holy Church nowhere is it possible to receive the loosening. His Resurrection the Lord entrusted the Apostle Peter to shepherd His spiritual flock not because, that among the disciples only Peter alone was pre-deserved to shepherd the flock of Christ, but Christ addresses Himself chiefly to Peter because, that Peter was first among the Apostles and as such the representative of the Church; besides which, having turned in this instance to Peter alone, as to the top Apostle, Christ by this confirms the unity of the Church. “Simon of John” -- says the Lord to Peter -- “lovest thou Me?” -- and the Apostle answered: “Yea, Lord, Thou knowest that I love Thee”; and a second time it was thus asked, and a second time he thus answered; being asked a third time, seeing that as it were not believed, he was saddened. But how is it possible for him not to believe That One, Who knew his heart? And wherefore then Peter answered: “Lord, Thou knowest all; Thou knowest that I love Thee.” “And sayeth Jesus to him” all three times “Feed My sheep” (John 20:15-17). this, the triple appealing of the Savior to Peter and the triple confession of Peter before the Lord had a particular beneficial purpose for the Apostle. That one, to whom was given “the keys of the kingdom” and the right “to bind and to loose,” bound himself thrice by fear and cowardice (Mt.26:69-75), and the Lord thrice loosens him by His appeal and in turn by his confession of strong love. And to shepherd literally the flock of Christ was acquired by all the Apostles and their successors. “Take heed, therefore unto yourselves, and to all the flock,” the Apostle Paul urges church presbyters, “over which the Holy Spirit hath made you overseers, to feed the Church of God, which He hath purchased with His own blood” (Acts 20:28); and the Apostle Peter to the elders: “Feed the flock of God which is among you, taking the oversight thereof not by constraint, but willingly: not for filthy lucre, but of a ready mind: neither as being lords over God’s heritage, but being examples to the flock. And when is appeared the Prince of pastors, ye will receive unfading crowns of glory” (1 Pet. 5:2-4). is remarkable that Christ, having said to Peter: “Feed My sheep,” did not say: “Feed thy sheep,” but rather to feed, good servant, the sheep of the Lord. “Is Christ divided? was Paul crucified for you? or were ye baptized in the name of Paul?” (1 Cor.1:13). “Feed My sheep”. Wherefore “wolfish robbers, wolfish oppressors, deceitful teachers and mercenaries, not being concerned about the flock” (Mt.7:15; Acts 20:29; 2 Pet 2:1; John 10:12), having plundered a strange flock and making of the spoils as though it be of their own particular gain, they think that they feed their flock. Such are not good pastors, as pastors of the Lord. “The good shepherd giveth his life for the sheep” (John 10:11), entrusted to Him by the chief Shepherd Himself (1 Pet 5:4). And the Apostle Peter, true to his calling, gave his soul for the very flock of Christ, having sealed his apostleship by a martyr’s death, is now glorified throughout all the world. Apostle Paul, formerly Saul, was changed from a robbing wolf into a meek lamb. Formerly he was an enemy of the Church, then is manifest as an Apostle. Formerly he stalked it, then preached it. Having received from the high priests the authority at large to throw all Christians in chains for execution, he was already on the way, he breathed out “threatenings and slaughter against the disciples of the Lord” (Acts 9:1), he thirsted for blood, but “He that dwells in the Heavens shall laugh him to scorn” (Ps 2:4). When he, “having persecuted and vexed” in such manner “the Church of God” (1Cor.15:9; Acts 8:5), he came near Damascus, and the Lord from Heaven called to him: “Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou Me?” and I am here, and I am there, I am everywhere: here is My head; there is My body. There becomes nothing of a surprise in this; we ourselves are members of the Body of Christ. “Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou Me; it is hard for thee to kick against the goad” (Acts 9:4-5). Saul, however, “trembling and frightened”, cried out: “Who art Thou, Lord?” The Lord answered him, “I am Jesus Whom thou persecutest.” Saul suddenly undergoes a change: “What wantest Thou me to do?” -- he cries out. And suddenly for him there is the Voice: “Arise, and go to the city, and it shall be told thee what thou must do” (Acts 9:6). Here the Lord sends Ananias: “Arise and go into the street” to a man, “by the name of Saul,” and baptize him, “for this one is a chosen vessel unto Me, to bear My name before the Gentiles, and kings, and the children of Israel” (Acts 9: 11, 15, 18). This vessel must be filled with My Grace. “Ananias, however, answered: Lord, I have heard from many about this man, how much evil he hath done to Thy saints in Jerusalem: and here he hath authority from the chief priests to bind all who call on Thy Name” (Acts 9:13-14). But the Lord urgently commands Ananias: “Search for and fetch him, for this vessel is chosen by Me: for I shall show him what great things he must suffer for My name’s sake” (Acts 9:11, 15-16). actually the Lord did show the Apostle Paul what things he had to suffer for His Name. He instructed him the deeds; He did not stop at the chains, the fetters, the prisons and shipwrecks; He Himself felt for him in his sufferings, He Himself guided him towards this day. On a single day the memory of the sufferings of both these Apostles is celebrated, though they suffered on separate days, but by the spirit and the closeness of their suffering they constitute one. Peter went first, and Paul followed soon after him. Formerly called Saul, and then Paul, having transformed his pride into humility. His very name (Paulus), meaning “small, little, less,” demonstrates this. What is the Apostle Paul after this? Ask him, and he himself gives answer to this: “I am,” says he, “the least of the Apostles... but I have labored more abundantly than all of them: yet not I, but the grace of God, which was with me” (1 Cor.15:9-10). so, brethren, celebrating now the memory of the holy Apostles Peter and Paul, remembering their venerable sufferings, we esteem their true faith and holy life, we esteem the innocence of their sufferings and pure confession. Loving in them the sublime quality and imitating them by great exploits, “in which to be likened to them” (2 Thess 3: 5-9), and we shall attain to that eternal bliss which is prepared for all the saints. The path of our life before was more grievous, thornier, harder, but “we also are compassed about with so great a cloud of witnesses” (Heb 12: 1), having passed by along it, made now for us easier, and lighter, and more readily passable. First there passed along it “the author and finisher of our faith,” our Lord Jesus Christ Himself (Heb 12: 2); His daring Apostles followed after Him; then the martyrs, children, women, virgins and a great multitude of witnesses. Who acted in them and helped them on this path? He Who said, “Without Me ye can do nothing” (John 15: 5).

Rome, 30-68, Apostle Mark of the Seventy, Apollonia, John Mark, the Evangelist, Barnabas' cousin
Albania, 30-68, Apostle Mark of the Seventy, Apollonia (Illyria) (Aous River) Ancient Macedonia; Mark is named in the Acts of the Apostles as an assistant accompanying Paul and Barnabas on their missionary journeys. Traditionally he is regarded as identical with Mark the Evangelist, the traditional writer of the Gospel of Mark. account 6th-century Syriac inscription at the Monastery of St. Mark on Zion, beginning, "This is the house of Mary, mother of John Mark." Lion of St Mark outside Bishop's Palace -- Galveston, Texas times the Acts of the Apostles mentions a certain "John, who was also called Mark" or simply "John": And when [Peter] had considered the thing, he came to the house of Mary the mother of John, whose surname was Mark; where many were gathered together praying.Acts 12:12 And Barnabas and Saul returned from Jerusalem, when they had fulfilled their ministry, and took with them John, whose surname was Mark.Acts 12:25 And when they were at Salamis, they preached the word of God in the synagogues of the Jews: and they had John to their minister.[Acts 13:5] Now when Paul and his company loosed from Paphos, they came to Perga in Pamphylia: and John departing from them returned to Jerusalem.[Acts 13:13] And Barnabas determined to take with them John, whise surname was Mark. But Paul thought not good to take him with them, who departed from them from Pamphylia, and went not with them to the work. And the contention was so sharp between them, that they departed asunder one from the other: and so Barnabus took Mark, and sailed unto Cypress; And Paul chose Silas, and departed, being recommended by the brethren unto the Grace of God. [Acts 15:37–40] these passages it may be gathered that John's mother Mary had a large house in Jerusalem to which Peter fled after escaping prison; that John assisted Paul and Barnabas on their first missionary journey to Cyprus and as far as Perga in Pamphylia, but then returned to Jerusalem; and that later controversy over receiving John Mark back led to Paul and Barnabas parting ways, with Barnabas taking Mark back to Cyprus and both thereafter disappearing from the narrative of Acts. The reasons for John Mark's departure to Jerusalem and the subsequent disagreement between Paul and Barnabas have been subject to much speculation. Matthew Henry, for example, suggested that John Mark had departed "without [Barnabas and Paul's] knowledge, or without their consent".[2] However, there is simply too little data to regard any explanation with confidence.[3] scholars have argued that John Mark's negative portrayal in Acts is a polemic against the presumptive author of the Gospel of Mark, Luke's primary source for his own Gospel. Adela Collins suggests, "Since the author of Acts also wrote the Gospel according to Luke, it could be that this critical portrait was intended to undercut the authority of the second Gospel."[4] Michael Kok notes that "Mark's Gospel was a bit of an embarrassment to the refined literary and theological tastes of an educated Christian like Luke."[5] was common for Jews of the period to bear both a Semitic name such as John (Hebrew: Yochanon) and a Greco-Roman name such as Mark.[6] But since John was one of the most common names among Palestinian Jews,[7] and Mark was the most common in the Roman world,[8] caution is warranted in identifying John Mark with any other John or Mark. sources in fact consistently distinguish John Mark from the other Marks of the New Testament and style him Bishop of Byblos.[1][9][10][11] Nor was John Mark identified in antiquity with any other John, apart from rare and explicit speculation.[10][12][13] sources, on the other hand, increasingly regarded all New Testament references to Mark as Mark the Evangelist, and many modern scholars have agreed in seeing a single Mark.[14] The very fact that various writings could refer simply to Mark without further qualification has been seen as pointing to a single Mark.[15] there is Mark the cousin of Barnabas, mentioned by Paul as a "fellow worker" in the closings of three Pauline epistles.[16] In antiquity he was regarded as a distinct Mark, Bishop of Apollonia.[11] If, on the other hand, these two Marks are to be identified, the fact that these epistles were written after the departure of John Mark with Barnabas in Acts must suppose some later reconciliation. But a majority of scholars, noting the close association of both Marks with Paul and Barnabas, indeed regard them as likely the same person. Biblical scholars Samuel Rolles Driver and Charles Augustus Briggs identified Mark, the cousin of Barnabas, with John Mark,[17] as do John R. Donahue and Daniel J. Harrington.[18] the Evangelist, however, is known only from the patristic tradition, which associates him only with Peter and makes no mention of Paul.[19] Jerome alone suggests that the Mark of whom Paul speaks may be the Evangelist.[20][21] But modern scholars have noted that as Peter fled to the house of John Mark's mother, the two men may have had a longstanding association.[22] minority of modern scholars have argued, on the other hand, for identifying John the Evangelist or John the Elder with John Mark.[23] sources Acts of Barnabas, apparently an apocryphal work of the 5th century,[24] purport to be written by John Mark and to detail the missionary journey and martyrdom of Barnabas in Cyprus, thus picking up where the account of Acts leaves off.[25] Encomium of the Apostle St. Barnabas, written by Alexander the Monk in the 6th century, also gives an extensive account of the activity of Barnabas and John Mark in Cyprus. After the death of Barnabas, John Mark leaves for Ephesus, and the account then continues by identifying him with Mark the Evangelist.[10] Apollonia (Illyria) (Aous River) Ancient Macedonia; Apostle Mark of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 30; Mark, also called John, (Acts 12:12), was a nephew of Saint Barnabas, and was Bishop of Apollonia (Col. 4:10). It was in the house of his mother Maria that the persecuted disciples found shelter after the Ascension of the Lord. Mark the Evangelist; the Evangelist is the traditionally ascribed author of the Gospel of Mark. Mark is said to have founded the Church of Alexandria, one of the most important episcopal sees of early Christianity. His feast day is celebrated on April 25, and his symbol is the winged lion.[3] identity[edit] See also: Four Evangelists Mark the Evangelist's symbol is the winged lion, the Lion of Saint Mark. Inscription: PAX TIBI MARCE EVANGELISTA MEVS ("peace be upon you, Mark, my evangelist"). The same lion is also symbol of Venice (on illustration) to William Lane (1974), an "unbroken tradition" identifies Mark the Evangelist with John Mark,[4] and John Mark as the cousin of Barnabas.[5] Hippolytus of Rome in On the Seventy Apostles distinguishes Mark the Evangelist (2 Tim 4:11), John Mark (Acts 12:12, 25; 13:5, 13; 15:37), and Mark the cousin of Barnabas (Col 4:10; Phlm 1:24).[6] to Hippolytus, they all belonged to the "Seventy Disciples" who were sent out by Jesus to disseminate the gospel (Luke 10:1ff.) in Judea. to Eusebius of Caesarea (Eccl. Hist. 2.9.1–4), Herod Agrippa I, in his first year of reign over the whole of Judea (AD 41), killed James, son of Zebedee and arrested Peter, planning to kill him after the Passover. Peter was saved miraculously by angels, and escaped out of the realm of Herod (Acts 12:1–19). went to Antioch, then through Asia Minor (visiting the churches in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia, as mentioned in 1 Peter 1:1), and arrived in Rome in the second year of Emperor Claudius (AD 42; Eusebius, Eccl, Hist. 2.14.6). on the way, Peter encountered Mark and took him as travel companion and interpreter. Mark the Evangelist wrote down the sermons of Peter, thus composing the Gospel according to Mark (Eccl. Hist. 15–16), before he left for Alexandria in the third year of Claudius (AD 43).[7] to the Acts 15:39, Mark went to Cyprus with Barnabas after the Council of Jerusalem. to tradition, in AD 49, about 19 years after the Ascension of Jesus, Mark travelled to Alexandria and founded the Church of Alexandria – today, the Coptic Orthodox Church, the Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria, and the Coptic Catholic Church trace their origins to this original community.[8] Aspects of the Coptic liturgy can be traced back to Mark himself.[9] He became the first bishop of Alexandria and he is honored as the founder of Christianity in Africa.[10] to Eusebius (Eccl. Hist. 2.24.1), Mark was succeeded by Anianus as the bishop of Alexandria in the eighth year of Nero (62/63), probably, but not definitely, due to his coming death. Later Coptic tradition says that he was martyred in 68.[1][11][12][13][14] modern Bible scholars argue the Gospel of Mark was written by an anonymous author, rather than direct witnesses to the reported events.[15][16][17][18][19] Biblical and traditional information[edit] St Mark in the Nuremberg Chronicle for Mark the Evangelist's authorship of the Gospel that bears his name originates with Papias.[20][21] Scholars of the Trinity Evangelical Divinity School are "almost certain" that Papias is referencing John Mark.[22] Modern mainstream Bible scholars discard Papias's information as unreliable.[23] Eusebius had a "low esteem of Papias' intellect".[24] Mark the Evangelist with John Mark also led to identifying him as the man who carried water to the house where the Last Supper took place (Mark 14:13),[25] or as the young man who ran away naked when Jesus was arrested (Mark 14:51–52).[26] Coptic Church accords with identifying Mark the Evangelist with John Mark, as well as that he was one of the Seventy Disciples sent out by Christ (Luke 10:1), as Hippolytus confirmed.[27] tradition also holds that Mark the Evangelist hosted the disciples in his house after Jesus's death, that the resurrected Jesus Christ came to Mark's house (John 20), and that the Holy Spirit descended on the disciples at Pentecost in the same house.[27] Mark is also believed to have been among the servants at the Marriage at Cana who poured out the water that Jesus turned to wine (John 2:1–11).[27] to the Coptic tradition, Mark was born in Cyrene, a city in the Pentapolis of North Africa (now Libya). tradition adds that Mark returned to Pentapolis later in life, after being sent by Paul to Colossae (Colossians 4:10; Philemon 24. however, think these actually refer to Mark the Cousin of Barnabas), and serving with him in Rome (2 Tim 4:11); from Pentapolis he made his way to Alexandria.[28][29] Mark returned to Alexandria, the pagans of the city resented his efforts to turn the Alexandrians away from the worship of their traditional gods.[citation needed] In AD 68, they placed a rope around his neck and dragged him through the streets until he was dead.[30] Festa del bocoło (rosebud festival) in St Mark's Square, Venice (Italy) Feast of St Mark is observed on April 25 by the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches. For those Churches still using the Julian Calendar, April 25 according to it aligns with May 8 on the Gregorian Calendar until the year 2099. The Coptic Orthodox Church observes the Feast of St Mark on Parmouti 30 according to the Coptic Calendar which always aligns with April 25 on the Julian Calendar or May 8 on the Gregorian Calendar. John Mark is distinguished from Mark the Evangelist, John Mark is celebrated on September 27 (as in the Roman Martyrology) and Mark the Evangelist on April 25. is remembered in the Church of England and in much of the Anglican Communion, with a Festival on 25 April.[31] of Saint Mark[edit] mosaic of St Marks body welcomed into Venice, at St Mark's Basilica, Venice. Saint Mark, 1411–1413, by Donatello (Orsanmichele, Florence). 828, relics believed to be the body of Saint Mark were taken from Alexandria (at the time controlled by the Abbasid Caliphate) by two Venetian merchants with the help of two Greek monks and taken to Venice.[32] mosaic in St Mark's Basilica depicts sailors covering the relics with a layer of pork and cabbage leaves. Since Muslims are not permitted to eat pork, this was done to prevent the guards from inspecting the ship's cargo too closely.[33] Nicol explained this act as "motivated as much by politics as by piety", and "a calculated stab at the pretensions of the Patriarchate of Aquileia." Instead of being used to adorn the church of Grado, which claimed to possess the throne of Saint Mark, it was kept secretly by Doge Giustiniano Participazio in his modest palace. Possession of Saint Mark's remains was, in Nicol's words, "the symbol not of the Patriarchate of Grado, nor of the bishopric of Olivolo, but of the city of Venice." In his will, Doge Giustiniano asked his widow to build a basilica dedicated to Saint Mark, which was erected between the palace and the chapel of Saint Theodore Stratelates, who until then had been patron saint of Venice.[34] 1063, during the construction of St Mark's Basilica in Venice, Saint Mark's relics could not be found. However, according to tradition, in 1094, the saint himself revealed the location of his remains by extending an arm from a pillar.[35] The newfound remains were placed in a sarcophagus in the basilica.[36] believe that the head of Saint Mark remains in a church named after him in Alexandria, and parts of his relics are in Saint Mark's Coptic Orthodox Cathedral, Cairo. The rest of his relics are in Venice.[1] Every year, on the 30th day of the month of Paopi, the Coptic Orthodox Church celebrates the commemoration of the consecration of the church of Saint Mark, and the appearance of the head of the saint in the city of Alexandria. This takes place inside St Mark's Coptic Orthodox Cathedral in Alexandria.[37] June 1968, Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria sent an official delegation to Rome to receive a relic of Saint Mark from Pope Paul VI. The delegation consisted of ten metropolitans and bishops, seven of whom were Coptic and three Ethiopian, and three prominent Coptic lay leaders. relic was said to be a small piece of bone that had been given to the Roman pope by Giovanni Cardinal Urbani, Patriarch of Venice. Pope Paul, in an address to the delegation, said that the rest of the relics of the saint remained in Venice. delegation received the relic on June 22, 1968. The next day, the delegation celebrated a pontifical liturgy in the Church of Saint Athanasius the Apostolic in Rome. The metropolitans, bishops, and priests of the delegation all served in the liturgy. Members of the Roman papal delegation, Copts who lived in Rome, newspaper and news agency reporters, and many foreign dignitaries attended the liturgy.

Rome, 30-60 approx., Apostle Artemas of the Seventy, bishop of Lystra, Lykaonia, died in peace
Apostle Artemas of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 30; Lykaonia, 50-60 approx., Apostle Paul; Iconium; THECLA, 1ST CENTURY, Commemorated September 24; Protomartyr and Equal of the Apostles Thekla, Commemorated on September 24 ;

Rome, 30-84 , Apostle Luke of the Seventy, f Antioch S Dr, Emmaus, w Paul, Achaia, Libya, Egypt, Thebaid, Icons, Gospel & Acts
Syria, 30-84 , Apostle Luke of the Seventy; Antioch (Orontes River 7); Apostle and Evangelist Luke, Commemorated on October 18 ; Holy Apostle and Evangelist Luke, was a native of Syrian Antioch, a companion of the holy Apostle Paul (Phil.1:24, 2 Tim. 4:10-11), and a physician enlightened in the Greek medical arts. about Christ, Luke arrived in Palestine and fervently accepted the preaching of salvation from the Lord Himself. one of the Seventy Apostles, Saint Luke was sent by the Lord with the others to preach the Kingdom of Heaven during the Savior’s earthly life (Luke 10:1-3). the Resurrection, the Lord Jesus Christ appeared to Saints Luke and Cleopas on the road to Emmaus. accompanied Saint Paul on his second missionary journey, and from that time they were inseparable. When Paul’s coworkers had forsaken him, only Luke remained to assist him in his ministry (2 Tim. 4:10-11). the martyric death of the First-Ranked Apostles Peter and Paul, Saint Luke left Rome to preach in Achaia, Libya, Egypt and the Thebaid. He ended his life by suffering martyrdom in the city of Thebes. credits Saint Luke with painting the first icons of the Mother of God. “Let the grace of Him Who was born of Me and My mercy be with these Icons,” said the All-Pure Virgin after seeing the icons. Luke also painted icons of the First-Ranked Apostles Peter and Paul. Luke’s Gospel was written in the years 62-63 at Rome, under the guidance of the Apostle Paul. In the preliminary verses (1:1-3), Saint Luke precisely sets forth the purpose of his work. He proposes to record, in chronological order, everything known by Christians about Jesus Christ and His teachings. By doing this, he provided a firmer historical basis for Christian teaching (1:4). He carefully investigated the facts, and made generous use of the oral tradition of the Church and of what the All-Pure Virgin Mary Herself had told him (2:19, 51). Saint Luke’s Gospel, the message of the salvation made possible by the Lord Jesus Christ, and the preaching of the Gospel, are of primary importance. Luke also wrote the Acts of the Holy Apostles at Rome around 62-63 A.D. The Book of Acts, which is a continuation of the four Gospels, speaks about the works and the fruits of the holy Apostles after the Ascension of the Savior. the center of the narrative is the Council of the holy Apostles at Jerusalem in the year 51, a Church event of great significance, which resulted in the separation of Christianity from Judaism and its independent dissemination into the world (Acts 15:6-29). The theological focus of the Book of Acts is the coming of the Holy Spirit, Who will guide the Church “into all truth” (John 16:13) until the Second Coming of Christ. holy relics of Saint Luke were taken from Constantinople and brought to Padua, Italy at some point in history. Perhaps this was during the infamous Crusade of 1204. 1992, Metropolitan Hieronymus (Jerome) of Thebes requested the Roman Catholic bishop in Thebes to obtain a portion of Saint Luke’s relics for the saint’s empty sepulchre in the Orthodox cathedral in Thebes. Roman Catholic bishop Antonio Mattiazzo of Padua, noting that Orthodox pilgrims came to Padua to venerate the relics while many Catholics did not even know that the relics were there, appointed a committee to investigate the relics in Padua, and the skull of Saint Luke in the Catholic Cathedral of Saint Vico in Prague. skeleton was determined to be that of an elderly man of strong build. In 2001, a tooth found in the coffin was judged to be consistent with the DNA of Syrians living near the area of Antioch dating from 72-416 A.D. The skull in Prague perfectly fit the neck bone of the skelton. The tooth found in the coffin in Padua was also found to fit the jawbone of the skull. Mattiazzo sent a rib from the relics to Metropolitan Hieronymus to be venerated in Saint Luke’s original tomb in the Orthodox cathedral at Thebes. Saint Luke is also commemorated on April 22. LUKE THE EVANGELIST, (18 OCTOBER) ; all that we know about Luke comes from the New Testament. He was a physician (Col 4:14), a companion of Paul on some of his missionary journeys (Acts 16:10ff; 20:5ff; 27-28). found in his Gospel and not elsewhere includes much of the account of Our Lord's birth and infancy and boyhood, some of the most moving parables, such as that of the Good Samaritan and that of the Prodigal Son, and three of the sayings of Christ on the Cross: "Father, forgive them," "Thou shalt be with me in Paradise," and "Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit." Luke's account of the Gospel, we find an emphasis on the human love of Christ, on His compassion for sinners and for suffering and unhappy persons, for outcasts such as the Samaritans, tax collectors, lepers, shepherds (not a respected profession), and for the poor. The role of women in Christ's ministry is more emphasized in Luke than in the other Gospel writings. the book of Acts, we find the early Christian community poised from the start to carry out its commission, confident and aware of Divine guidance. We see how the early Christians at first preached only to Jews, then to Samaritans (a borderline case), then to outright Gentiles like Cornelius, and finally explicitly recognized that Gentiles and Jews are called on equal terms to the service and fellowship of Christ. Luke, from an old Book of Common PrayerLuke makes many casual references throughout his writings (especially in Acts) to local customs and practices, often with demonstrable and noteworthy precision. To mention just one example, he refers to two centurions by name, Cornelius in Acts 10 and Julius in Acts 27, and he calls them both by nomen only, rather than by nomen and cognomen (Sergius Paulus in Acts 13;7) or cognomen only (Gallio in Acts 18:12), as he does when speaking of civilian officials. It is a distinction that would have been routine at the time that Luke is writing about, but one that had largely died out by, say, 70 AD. His preserving it shows either that (1) he wrote fairly close to the events he described, or (2) he was describing persons and events on which he had good information, or (3) he was an expert historical novelist, with an ear for the authentic-sounding detail. is commonly thought to be the only non-Jewish New Testament writer. His writings place the life of Christ and the development of the early Church in the larger context of the Roman Empire and society. On the other hand, his writings are focused on Jerusalem and on the Temple. His Gospel begins and ends in the Temple, and chapters nine through nineteen portray Jesus as journeying from Galilee to Jerusalem. Similarly, the Book of Acts describes the Church in Jerusalem (and worshipping in the Temple) and then describes the missionary journeys of Paul as excursions from and returns to Jerusalem. writer wrote more pages of the New Testament than anyone else? If you say Paul, try again. In my pocket Bible, Acts and the Gospel of Luke occupy a total of sixty pages, while all the letters traditionally attributed to Paul (not counting Hebrews) total fifty-six. writer of the Third Gospel and the Book of Acts does not give his name in his writings. (Except for Nehemiah, no Biblical writer of a narrative book does.) He does claim to be a traveling companion of Paul, and his interests and vocabulary suggest that he is a physician. Since Paul tells us that he had a companion named Luke who was a physician, the conclusion that Luke is the writer we are looking for is reasonable. the two-volume work Luke-Acts in fact written by a companion of Paul? Scholars are not agreed on the answer. By and large, most German writers favor a negative answer. Their reasons are that (1) the chronology of Paul's life found in the Book of Acts presents certain apparent conflicts with that found in Paul's letter to the Galatians, and that (2) the writer seems unfamiliar with the geography of Israel. On the other hand, most English scholars favor an affirmative answer. Their reasons are that the "We" sections in Acts (the sections in which the author explicitly claims to have been present at the events he describes) contain a wealth of circumstantial detail that make invention extremely unlikely. (Thus, for example, Mr. James Smith of Jordan Hill, FRS, having sailed a vessel over the same route described in Acts 27-28, argues in his book, The Voyage and Shipwreck of Saint Paul, that the account must have been written by someone who had sailed that route. It used to be a popular theory that the writer had somehow gotten his hands on a travel diary of the real "Luke" and incorporated it into his work. However, a detailed analysis of the writing style of various sections of the work shows none of the differences that would be expected on this theory. Scholars on the affirmative side generally answer the negative objections mentioned above by supposing that (1) the conferences mentioned in Acts 15 and Galatians 2 are not the same conference, and that (2) Luke uses the word "Judea" sometimes to mean the southern portion of the land of Israel, and sometimes to mean the whole land. For some comments on the historical reliability of the opening chapters of the Gospel of Luke, go to the following URLs: by James Kiefer

Rome, 30-68, Onesiphorus of the Seventy, visited Paul in 68, died in 68 in Parium, Hellespont
Rome, 30-68, Onesiphorus of the Seventy; (meaning "bringing profit" or "useful") was a Christian referred to in the New Testament letter of Second Timothy (2 Tim 1:16–18 and 2 Tim 4:19). According to the letter sent by St. Paul, Onesiphorus sought out Paul who was imprisoned at the time in Rome. Apollos, Cephas, Tychicus, Epaphroditus, Cæsar, and Onesiphorus, from the Menologion of Basil II. to Orthodox tradition, Saint Onesiphorus was one of the seventy disciples chosen and sent by Jesus to preach. They were chosen some time after the selection of the Twelve Apostles (Luke 10:1-24).[1] St Onesiphorus was bishop at Colophon (Asia Minor), and later at Corinth. Both the Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches hold that he died a martyr in the city of Parium (not far from Ephesus) on the shores of the Hellespont.[2] 2 Timothy persecution of Christians during Nero’s reign made Rome a dangerous city for Christians. Paul praises Onesiphorus for his hospitality, kindness, and courage.[3][4] Onesiphorus is contrasted with the other Christians in Asia who have deserted Paul at this time. 2 Timothy 1:16-18, Paul sends a greeting to the man’s household in Ephesus and refers to the help he showed Paul earlier in Ephesus. Timothy, who led the Ephesian church is familiar with these acts.[5] Paul's praise of Onesiphorus is significant because it was written shortly before Paul's death as a final encouragement to Timothy. now, at the time of correspondence, only "Luke alone is with (Paul)" (4:11). Because Paul speaks of Onesiphorus only in the past tense, wishes blessings upon his house (family), and mercy for him "in that day", some scholars believe that Onesiphorus had at this point died.[5] the end of the same letter, in 2 Timothy 4:19, Paul sends greetings to "Priscilla and Aquila, and the house of Onesiphorus", again apparently distinguishing the situation of Onesiphorus from that of the still-living Priscilla and Aquila. reference to Onesiphorus, along with 2 Maccabees 12:40–46, is cited by Catholics as one of the early examples of prayer for the dead,[6] while some Protestants opposing this practice reject such an interpretation.[7] is commemorated on September 6 in Roman Catholic Church,[8] and September 7 in Orthodox Church.[9] should not be confused with the Onesiphorus of Ephesus who was martyred with Porphyrius during the Diocletian persecution, and is commemorated on November 9. Apostle Onesiphorus of the Seventy, Commemorated on September 7; Holy Apostle Onesiphorus of the Seventy Saint Paul writes of him: “God grant mercy to the house of Onesiphorus, for he often refreshed me, and was not ashamed of my bonds. When he was at Rome, he searched for me with great diligence, and found me. May the Lord grant him to find the mercy of the Lord on that day; and you know how much he served me at Ephesus.” (2 Tim 1:16-18). Onesiphorus was bishop at Colophon (Asia Minor), and later at Corinth. He died a martyr in the city of Parium (not far from Ephesus) on the shores of the Hellespont, where he had gone to proclaim Christ among the local pagans.

Rome, 30-68, Apostle Justus, replaced Judas, Jesus step b, Bishop & martyred at Eleutheropolis (a Judean crossroads)
Jerusalem, 30-68, Apostle Justus martyred at Eleutheropolis (a Judean crossroads); Eleutheropolis (a crossroads); Eleutheropolis (Greek, "City of the Free") was a Roman city in Israel, some 53 km southwest of Jerusalem. Its remains still straddle the ancient road to Gaza. Seven routes met at Eleutheropolis. Apostle Justus of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 30 ; Justus, called Barsaba, a son of Saint Joseph the Betrothed, was chosen with Matthias to replace Judas. He was a bishop and died a martyr’s death at Eleutheropolis. Apostle Justus of the Seventy, Commemorated January 4 ; info and now deleted

Rome, 30-70, Saint Mary Magdalene, first to proclaim resurrection, A daring woman, w r meomory, she preached in Rome
Galilee, 30-70, Saint Mary Magdalene, Magdala, Galilee (Magdalan or Magadan); Holy Myrrh-Bearer Equal of the Apostles Mary Magdalene. On the banks of Lake Genesareth (Galilee), between the cities of Capharnum and Tiberias, was the small city of Magdala, the remains of which have survived to our day. Now only the small village of Mejhdel stands on the site. woman whose name has entered forever into the Gospel account was born and grew up in Magdala. The Gospel tells us nothing of Mary’s younger years, but Tradition informs us that Mary of Magdala was young and pretty, and led a sinful life. It says in the Gospels that the Lord expelled seven devils from Mary (Luke. 8:2). From the moment of her healing Mary led a new life, and became a true disciple of the Savior. Gospel relates that Mary followed after the Lord, when He went with the Apostles through the cities and villages of Judea and Galilee preaching about the Kingdom of God. Together with the pious women Joanna, wife of Choza (steward of Herod), Susanna and others, she served Him from her own possessions (Luke 8:1-3) and undoubtedly shared with the Apostles the evangelic tasks in common with the other women. The Evangelist Luke, evidently, has her in view together with the other women, stating that at the moment of the Procession of Christ onto Golgotha, when after the Scourging He took on Himself the heavy Cross, collapsing under its weight, the women followed after Him weeping and wailing, but He consoled them. The Gospel relates that Mary Magdalene was present on Golgotha at the moment of the Lord’s Crucifixion. While all the disciples of the Savior ran away, she remained fearlessly at the Cross together with the Mother of God and the Apostle John. Evangelists also list among those standing at the Cross the mother of the Apostle James, and Salome, and other women followers of the Lord from Galilee, but all mention Mary Magdalene first. Saint John, in addition to the Mother of God, names only her and Mary Cleopas. This indicates how much she stood out from all the women who gathered around the Lord. was faithful to Him not only in the days of His Glory, but also at the moment of His extreme humiliation and insult. As the Evangelist Matthew relates, she was present at the Burial of the Lord. Before her eyes Joseph and Νikόdēmos went out to the tomb with His lifeless Body. She watched as they covered over the entrance to the cave with a large stone, entombing the Source of Life. to the Law in which she was raised, Mary together with the other women spent the following day at rest, because it was the great day of the Sabbath, coinciding with the Feast of Passover. But all the rest of the peaceful day the women gathered spices to go to the Grave of the Lord at dawn on Sunday and anoint His Body according to the custom of the Jews. is necessary to mention that, having agreed to go on the first day of the week to the Tomb early in the morning, the holy women had no possibility of meeting with one another on Saturday. They went separately on Friday evening to their own homes. They went out only at dawn the following day to go to the Sepulchre, not all together, but each from her own house. Evangelist Matthew writes that the women came to the grave at dawn, or as the Evangelist Mark expresses, extremely early before the rising of the sun. The Evangelist John, elaborating upon these, says that Mary came to the grave so early that it was still dark. Obviously, she waited impatiently for the end of night, but it was not yet daybreak. She ran to the place where the Lord’s Body lay. went to the tomb alone. Seeing the stone pushed away from the cave, she ran away in fear to tell the close Apostles of Christ, Peter and John. Hearing the strange message that the Lord was gone from the tomb, both Apostles ran to the tomb and, seeing the shroud and winding cloths, they were amazed. They went and said nothing to anyone, but Mary returned to the tomb and stood about the entrance to the tomb and wept. Here in this dark tomb so recently lay her lifeless Lord. proof that the tomb really was empty, she went down to it and saw a strange sight. She saw two angels in white garments, one sitting at the head, the other at the foot, where the Body of Jesus had been placed. They asked her, “Woman, why weepest thou?” She answered them with the words which she had said to the Apostles, “They have taken my Lord, and I do not know where they have laid Him.” At that moment, she turned around and saw the Risen Jesus standing near the grave, but she did not recognize Him. asked Mary, “Woman, why weepest thou? Whom dost thou seek?” She answered thinking that she was seeing the gardener, “Sir, if thou hast taken him, tell where thou hast put Him, and I will take Him away.” she recognized the Lord’s voice. This was the voice she heard in those days and years, when she followed the Lord through all the cities and places where He preached. He spoke her name, and she gave a joyful shout, “Rabbi” (Teacher). and love, fondness and deep veneration, a feeling of thankfulness and recognition at His Splendor as great Teacher, all came together in this single outcry. She was able to say nothing more and she threw herself down at the feet of her Teacher to wash them with tears of joy. But the Lord said to her: “Touch me not; for I am not yet ascended to My Father; but go to My brethren and tell them: ‘I ascend to My Father, and your Father; to My God and to your God.’” came to herself and again ran to the Apostles, to do the will of Him sending her to preach. Again she ran into the house, where the Apostles still remained in dismay, and proclaimed to them the joyous message, “I have seen the Lord!” This was the first preaching in the world about the Resurrection. Apostles proclaimed the Glad Tidings to the world, but she proclaimed it to the Apostles themselves. Scripture does not tell us about the life of Mary Magdalene after the Resurrection of Christ, but it is impossible to doubt, that if in the terrifying minutes of Christ’s Crucifixion she was at the foot of His Cross with His All-Pure Mother and Saint John, she must have stayed with them during the happier time after the Resurrection and Ascension of Christ. Thus in the Acts of the Apostles Saint Luke writes that all the Apostles with one mind stayed in prayer and supplication, with certain women and Mary the Mother of Jesus and His brethren. Tradition testifies that when the Apostles departed from Jerusalem to preach to all the ends of the earth, then Mary Magdalene also went with them. A daring woman, whose heart was full of reminiscence of the Resurrection, she went beyond her native borders and went to preach in pagan Rome. Everywhere she proclaimed to people about Christ and His teaching. When many did not believe that Christ is risen, she repeated to them what she had said to the Apostles on the radiant morning of the Resurrection: “I have seen the Lord!” With this message she went all over Italy. relates that in Italy Mary Magdalene visited Emperor Tiberias (14-37 A.D.) and proclaimed to him Christ’s Resurrection. According to Tradition, she brought him a red egg as a symbol of the Resurrection, a symbol of new life with the words: “Christ is Risen!” Then she told the emperor that in his Province of Judea the unjustly condemned Jesus the Galilean, a holy man, a miracleworker, powerful before God and all mankind, had been executed at the instigation of the Jewish High Priests, and the sentence confirmed by the procurator appointed by Tiberias, Pontius Pilate. repeated the words of the Apostles, that we are redeemed from the vanity of life not with perishable silver or gold, but rather by the precious Blood of Christ. to Mary Magdalene the custom to give each other paschal eggs on the day of the Radiant Resurrection of Christ spread among Christians over all the world. In one ancient Greek manuscript, written on parchment, kept in the monastery library of Saint Athanasius near Thessalonica, is a prayer read on the day of Holy Pascha for the blessing of eggs and cheese. In it is indicated that the igumen in passing out the blessed eggs says to the brethren: “Thus have we received from the holy Fathers, who preserved this custom from the very time of the holy Apostles, therefore the holy Equal of the Apostles Mary Magdalene first showed believers the example of this joyful offering.” Magdalene continued her preaching in Italy and in the city of Rome itself. Evidently, the Apostle Paul has her in mind in his Epistle to the Romans (16: 6), where together with other ascetics of evangelic preaching he mentions Mary (Mariam), who as he expresses “has bestowed much labor on us.” Evidently, she extensively served the Church in its means of subsistence and its difficulties, being exposed to dangers, and sharing with the Apostles the labors of preaching. to Church Tradition, she remained in Rome until the arrival of the Apostle Paul, and for two more years following his departure from Rome after the first court judgment upon him. From Rome, Saint Mary Magdalene, already bent with age, moved to Ephesus where the holy Apostle John unceasingly labored. There the saint finished her earthly life and was buried. holy relics were transferred in the ninth century to Constantinople, and placed in the monastery Church of Saint Lazarus. In the era of the Crusader campaigns they were transferred to Italy and placed at Rome under the altar of the Lateran Cathedral. Part of the relics of Mary Magdalene are said to be in Provage, France near Marseilles, where over them at the foot of a steep mountain a splendid church is built in her honor. Orthodox Church honors the holy memory of Saint Mary Magdalene, the woman called by the Lord Himself from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan to God. immersed in sin and having received healing, she sincerely and irrevocably began a new life and never wavered from that path. Mary loved the Lord Who called her to a new life. She was faithful to Him not only when He was surrounded by enthusiastic crowds and winning recognition as a miracle-worker, but also when all the disciples deserted Him in fear and He, humiliated and crucified, hung in torment upon the Cross. This is why the Lord, knowing her faithfulness, appeared to her first, and esteemed her worthy to be first to proclaim His Resurrection. Magdala, Galilee (Magdalan or Magadan, between Capharnum and Tiberias); Matthew 15:29-39, Jesus Cures Many People, and Feeding the Four Thousand They returned to Magadan.; The Holy Myrrh-Bearer Equal of the Apostles Mary Magdalene. On the banks of Lake Genesareth (Galilee), between the cities of Capharnum and Tiberias, was the small city of Magdala, the remains of which have survived to our day. Now only the small village of Mejhdel stands on the site. Myrrhbearer and Equal of the Apostles Mary Magdalene, Commemorated on July 22; MARY MAGDALENE, FIRST WITNESS OF THE RESURRECTION (22 JULY NT);

Rome, 30-100, St John the Theologian, of Patmos and Ephesus
Ephesus, 30-100, St John the Theologian, of Patmos and Ephesus; Martyr Hermione, daughter of Saint Philip the Deacon, Commemorated on September 4;

Rome, 30-76, Apostle Linus of the Seventy, successor to Apostle Peter at Rome
Rome, 30-76, Apostle Linus of the Seventy; Rome, 67-76, Roman Pope, Linus; Rome, 30-68, Apostle Peter ; Roman Pope, 66-99, Clement I ; Apostles Patrobus, Hermes, Linus, Gaius, and Philologus, of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 5; Patrobus, Hermes, Linus, Gaius, and Philologus, Apostles of the Seventy, preached the Gospel in various cities, each enduring various hardships in their service as bishops. Saint Patrobus (Rom 16:14) was Bishop of Neopolis (now Naples) and Puteoli in Italy. Saint Hermes was bishop in the city of Philippoplis where he died a martyr. Saint Linus (2 Tim 4:21) was a successor to the Apostle Peter at Rome. Saint Gaius (Rom 16:23), was Bishop of Ephesus after Saint Timothy. The Apostle Andrew consecrated Saint Philologus (Rom 16:15) as bishop of the city of Sinope (in the Black Sea region). CLEMENT OF ROME, BISHOP (23 NOV 100); Hieromartyr Clement the Pope of Rome, Commemorated on November 25; Apostles Patrobus, Hermes, Linus, Gaius, and Philologus, of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 5;

Rome, 30-60, Apostle Andrew and Saint Inna
Rome, 0030-0060, 1st Century, Apostle Andrew and Saint Inna; Mongol, Scythia, 1st Century, Apostle Andrew and Saint Inna; Martyr Inna the Disciple of Apostle Andrew in Scythia, Commemorated on June 20;

Rome, 30-70, Apelles of Seventy, zeal led him to Rome, where he became a support for the faithful
Greece, 30-70, Apelles of the Seventy, Bishop, Heraclea, Trachis, Thessaly; Heraclea, Trachis; Dormition of the Righteous Anna, the Mother of the Most Holy Theotokos, Commemorated on July 25 ; Apostle Apelles of the Seventy, Commemorated on September 10 ; Apelles Apelles was an important figure in the early Church, who labored diligently to spread the message of the Gospel. His zeal led him to Rome, where he became a support for the faithful. He knew the Apostle Paul, who mentioned him in the Epistle to the Romans (16:10): "Greet Apelles, who is approved (or "has been tested") in Christ." Apelles is said to have died at Smyrna as a good soldier of Christ, laboring until his last breath to make firm the Gospel. Some say he was the Bishop of Heraklion in Trakhis. Apostle Apelles of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 31 ; Apelles, one of the Seventy Apostles, was bishop at Heraclion in Trachis.

Rome, 30-1st Century, Apostle Tertius of the Seventy, Iconium (Konya), Lyconia
Lykaonia, 30-1st Century, Apostle Tertius of the Seventy, Iconium (Konya), Lyconia; Iconium; Apostle Tertius of the Seventy, Commemorated October 30 ; Tertius was the second bishop (after Saint Sosipater) in Iconium, where he converted many pagans to Christ, and ended his life as a martyr. The Apostle Paul mentions him in the Epistle to the Romans (Rom. 16:22).

Rome, 33-50, Loginius, Centurion at Cross & Sepulchre & then Cappadocia, his head story
Cappadocia, 033-050, Loginius the Centurion at the Cross and then Cappadocia ; Martyr Longinus the Centurion, who stood at the Cross of the Lord, Commemorated on October 16 ; Holy Martyr Longinus the Centurion, a Roman soldier, served in Judea under the command of the Governor, Pontius Pilate. our Savior Jesus Christ was crucified, it was the detachment of soldiers under the command of Longinus which stood watch on Golgotha, at the very foot of the holy Cross. and his soldiers were eyewitnesses of the final moments of the earthly life of the Lord, and of the great and awesome portents that appeared at His death. events shook the centurion’s soul. Longinus believed in Christ and confessed before everyone, “Truly this was the Son of God” (Mt. 27:54). to Church Tradition, Longinus was the soldier who pierced the side of the Crucified Savior with a spear, and received healing from an eye affliction when blood and water poured forth from the wound. the Crucifixion and Burial of the Savior, Longinus stood watch with his company at the Sepulchre of the Lord. soldiers were present at the All-Radiant Resurrection of Christ. The Jews bribed them to lie and say that His disciples had stolen away the Body of Christ, but Longinus and two of his comrades refused to be seduced by the Jewish gold. They also refused to remain silent about the miracle of the Resurrection. come to believe in the Savior, the soldiers received Baptism from the apostles and decided to leave military service. Longinus left Judea to preach about Jesus Christ the Son of God in his native land (Cappadocia), and his two comrades followed him. fiery words of those who had actually participated in the great events in Judea swayed the hearts and minds of the Cappadocians; Christianity began quickly to spread throughout the city and the surrounding villages. they learned of this, the Jewish elders persuaded Pilate to send a company of soldiers to Cappadocia to kill Longinus and his comrades. When the soldiers arrived at Longinus’s village, the former centurion himself came out to meet the soldiers and took them to his home. After a meal, the soldiers revealed the purpose of their visit, not knowing that the master of the house was the very man whom they were seeking. Then Longinus and his friends identified themselves and told the startled soldiers to carry out their duty. soldiers wanted to let the saints go and advised them to flee, but they refused to do this, showing their firm intention to suffer for Christ. holy martyrs were beheaded, and their bodies were buried at the place where the saints were martyred. The head of Saint Longinus, however, was sent to Pilate. gave orders to cast the martyr’s head on a trash-heap outside the city walls. After a while a certain blind widow from Cappadocia arrived in Jerusalem with her son to pray at the holy places, and to ask that her sight be restored. After becoming blind, she had sought the help of physicians to cure her, but all their efforts were in vain. woman’s son became ill shortly after reaching Jerusalem, and he died a few days later. The widow grieved for the loss of her son, who had served as her guide. Longinus appeared to her in a dream and comforted her. He told her that she would see her son in heavenly glory, and also receive her sight. He told her to go outside the city walls and there she would find his head in a great pile of refuse. led the blind woman to the rubbish heap, and she began to dig with her hands. As soon as she touched the martyr’s head, the woman received her sight, and she glorified God and Saint Longinus. up the head, she brought it to the place she was staying and washed it. next night, Saint Longinus appeared to her again, this time with her son. They were surrounded by a bright light, and Saint Longinus said, “Woman, behold the son for whom you grieve. See what glory and honor are his now, and be consoled. God has numbered him with those in His heavenly Kingdom. Now take my head and your son’s body, and bury them in the same casket. Do not weep for your son, for he will rejoice forever in great glory and happiness.” woman carried out the saint’s instructions and returned to her home in Cappadocia. There she buried her son and the head of Saint Longinus. Once, she had been overcome by grief for her son, but her weeping was transformed into joy when she saw him with Saint Longinus. She had sought healing for her eyes, and also received healing of her soul.

Rome, 37-41, Emperor, Caius Caligua, Pagan, sadist, sex pervert, aquaduct construction, assainated
Rome, 37-41, Roman Emperor, Caius Caligua; (31 August 12 AD – 24 January 41 AD), formally known as Gaius (Gaius Caesar Augustus Germanicus), was the third Roman emperor, ruling from AD 37 to 41. The son of the popular Roman general Germanicus and Augustus's granddaughter Agrippina the Elder, Caligula was born into the first ruling family of the Roman Empire, conventionally known as the Julio-Claudian dynasty. uncle and adoptive father, Tiberius, succeeded Augustus as emperor of Rome in AD 14. Although Gaius was named after Gaius Julius Caesar, he acquired the nickname "Caligula" (meaning little [soldier's] boot) from his father's soldiers during their campaign in Germania. Germanicus died at Antioch in 19, Agrippina returned with her six children to Rome, where she became entangled in a bitter feud with Tiberius. conflict eventually led to the destruction of her family, with Caligula as the sole male survivor. by the deadly intrigues, Caligula accepted an invitation in 31 to join the emperor on the island of Capri, where Tiberius had withdrawn five years earlier. Following the death of Tiberius, Caligula succeeded his adoptive grandfather as emperor in 37. are few surviving sources about the reign of Caligula, though he is described as a noble and moderate emperor during the first six months of his rule. this, the sources focus upon his cruelty, sadism, extravagance, and sexual perversion, presenting him as an insane tyrant. While the reliability of these sources is questionable, it is known that his brief reign, Caligula worked to increase the unconstrained personal power of the emperor, as opposed to countervailing powers within the principate. directed much of his attention to ambitious construction projects and luxurious dwellings for himself, and initiated the construction of two aqueducts in Rome: the Aqua Claudia and the Anio Novus. During his reign, the empire annexed the client kingdom of Mauretania as a province. early 41, Caligula was assassinated as a result of a conspiracy by officers of the Praetorian Guard, senators, and courtiers. The conspirators' attempt to use the opportunity to restore the Roman Republic was thwarted, however. On the day of the assassination of Caligula, the Praetorians declared Caligula's uncle, Claudius, the next Roman emperor. Although the Julio-Claudian dynasty continued to rule the empire until the fall of his nephew Nero in 68, Caligula's death marked the official end of the Julii Caesares in the male line. The Beheading of the Holy Glorious Prophet, Forerunner, and Baptist John, Commemorated on August 29;

Rome, 40-96, Lucian, from rome to Belgium, successful preacher, strict ascetic, killed by E Dometian, picked up head
Belgium, 40-96, Saint, Lucian of Beauvais; Hieromartyr Lucian the Bishop at Beauvais in France, Commemorated on June 3; Hieromartyr Lucian lived in Rome, and his pagan name was Lucius. He was converted to Christ by the Apostle Peter, and was baptized. After Saint Pete'™s death, Saint Lucian preached the Gospel in Italy. Saint Dionysius the Areopagite (October 3), a disciple of Saint Paul, arrived in Rome at this time. At the request of Saint Clement, Pope of Rome (November 25), he agreed to preach the Gospel in the West, and gathered companions and helpers for this task. Saint Clement consecrated Saint Lucian a bishop, then sent him off with Saint Dionysius, Saints Marcellinus and Saturninus, the Presbyter Maximian, and the Deacon Julian. holy preachers sailed from Italy to Gaul (modern France). Saint Marcellinus and those accompanying him continued on to Spain. Saint Saturninus went to Gaul, and Saint Dionysius and the others went to the region of Paris. From there Saint Lucian went to Belgium with Maximian and Julian. Lucian'™s preaching was very successful. By the power of his words and the example of his life, he converted a large number of pagans to Christianity. Saint Lucian was a strict ascetic, and all day long he ate only a morsel of bread and some water. Towards the converted he was kindly, always joyful and cheerful of face. Soon almost all the settlements of Belgium were converted to Christ. this period, the Roman emperor Dometian (81-96) initiated a second persecution against Christians (after that of Nero, 54-68), and he issued an edict prescribing torture and execution for anyone who refused to offer sacrifice to the pagan gods. officials were sent to Belgium to carry out the edict. The Lord revealed to Saint Lucian the ordeal facing him. He gathered the flock together, urging them not to fear threats, tortures or death, and then he gave thanks to God for granting him the possibility of joining the company of the holy martyrs. After praying, Saint Lucian and the priest Maximian and Deacon Julian withdrew to the summit of a hill, where he continued to teach the people who came with him. the soldiers of the emperor came upon the saints and led them away for trial. Saints Maximian and Julian were urged to renounce Christ and offer sacrifice to idols, but both refused and were beheaded. the judge began to interrogate Saint Lucian, accusing him of sorcery and disobedience to the emperor and Senate. The saint replied that he was not a sorcerer, but rather a servant of the true God, the Lord Jesus Christ, and he refused to offer sacrifice to idols made by human hands. saint was subjected to fierce beatings, during which he repeated, œNever will I cease to praise Christ, the Son of God, in my heart, and with my lips. Then the holy martyr was beheaded. A heavenly light shone over his body, and the Voice of the Savior was heard, summoning the valiant sufferer into the heavenly Kingdom to receive the marty'™s crown. By the power of God the saint stood up, picked up his severed head, and crossed over the river. Reaching the burial spot he had chosen, he lay down upon the ground and reposed in peace. of this great miracle about 500 pagans were converted to Christ. Later, a church was built over Saint Lucian'™s grave, to which the relics of the martyrs Maximian and Julian were transferred.

Rome, 40-75, Apollinarius the Bishop of Ravenna, Iraneous' blind son, Tribune's wife, Boniface's speech
Ravenna; Hieromartyr Apollinarius the Bishop of Ravenna, Commemorated on July 23; Apollinaris was a disciple of the Apostle Peter, whom he followed from Antioch to Rome sometime during the reign of the Roman emperor Claudius (41-54). Saint Peter appointed Apollinaris as Bishop of Ravenna. Arriving in Ravenna as a stranger, Saint Apollinaris asked shelter of a local inhabitant, the soldier Irenaeus, and during their conversation he revealed the purpose for which he had come. had a blind son, whom Saint Apollinaris healed, after he had prayed to the Lord. The soldier Irenaeus and his family were the first people in Ravenna to believe in Christ. The saint stayed at the house of Irenaeus and preached about Christ to everyone who wished to hear his words. One of the miracles that Saint Apollinaris performed was the healing of Thekla, the incurably sick wife of the tribune. Through the prayers of the saint, she got up from her bed completely healthy. Not only did she believe in Christ, but so did her husband the tribune. In their house Saint Apollinaris set up a small church, where he celebrated the Divine Liturgy. Saint Apollinaris ordained two presbyters, Aderetus and Calocyrus, and also two deacons for the newly-baptized people of Ravenna. Apollinaris labored with great zeal, preaching the Gospel at Ravenna for twelve years, and the number of Christians steadily increased. Pagan priests complained about the bishop to the governor Saturninus. The hierarch was brought to trial and subjected to grievous tortures. Thinking that he had died, the torturers took him out of the city to the seacoast and threw him into the water. The saint, however, was still alive. A certain pious Christian widow helped him and gave him shelter in her home. Saint Apollinaris stayed with her for six months, and secretly continued to preach about Christ. The saint’s whereabouts became known when he restored the power of speech to an illustrious resident of the city named Boniface, whose wife had requested the saint to help her husband. this miracle many pagans were converted to Christ, and once again Saint Apollinaris was brought to trial and tortured. His bare feet were placed on red-hot coals. They expelled him from the city a second time, but the Lord again kept him alive. The saint did not cease preaching until he left the city. For a certain time Saint Apollinaris found himself elsewhere in Italy, where he continued to preach the Gospel as before. Returning to his flock in Ravenna, Saint Apollinaris went on trial yet again and was sentenced to banishment. heavy fetters, he was placed on a ship bound for Illyrica and the Danube River. Two soldiers were responsible for escorting him to his place of exile. Three of the clergy voluntarily followed their bishop into exile. Along the way the vessel was wrecked and everyone drowned, except for Saint Apollinaris, his clergy and the two soldiers. The soldiers, listening to Saint Apollinaris, believed in the Lord and were baptized. Not finding any shelter, the travelers came to Moisia in Thrace, where Saint Apollinaris healed a certain illustrious inhabitant from leprosy. Both he and his companions were given shelter at the man’s home. In this land Saint Apollinaris preached tirelessly about Christ and he converted many of the pagans to Christianity, for which he was subjected to persecution by the unbelievers. They beat the saint mercilessly, then they sent him back to Italy aboard a ship. a three year absence, Saint Apollinaris returned to Ravenna and was joyfully received by his flock. The pagans, however, entered the church where the saint was serving the Divine Liturgy, scattered those at prayer, and dragged the saint before the idolatrous priests at the pagan temple of Apollo. The idol fell and shattered to pieces just as the saint was brought in. The pagan priests brought Saint Apollinaris to Taurus, the new governor of the district for trial. Apollinaris performed a new miracle, healing the son of the governor, who had been blind from birth. In gratitude for the healing of his son, Taurus tried to protect Saint Apollinaris from the angry crowd. He sent him to his own estate outside the city. Although Taurus’s wife and son were baptized, he feared the anger of the emperor, and did not receive Baptism. However, he was filled with gratitude and love toward his benefactor. Apollinaris lived for five years at Taurus’s estate and preached without hindrance. During this time pagan priests sent letters of denunciation to Emperor Vespasian requesting a sentence of death or exile for the Christian “sorcerer” Apollinaris. But the emperor told the pagan priests that the gods were sufficiently powerful to take revenge for themselves, if they felt insulted. All the wrath of the pagans fell upon Saint Apollinaris: they seized him and beat him fiercely as he was leaving the city for a nearby settlement. Christians found him barely alive and took him to the settlement, where he lived for seven days. During his final illness the saint did not cease to teach his flock. He predicted that after the persecutions ended, Christians would enter upon better times when they could openly and freely confess their faith. After bestowing his archpastoral blessing upon those present, the hieromartyr Apollinaris fell asleep in the Lord. Saint Apollinaris was Bishop of Ravenna for twenty-eight years, and he reposed in the year 75.

Rome, 41-54, Emperor, Claudius, Pagan, banished Jews and Jewish Christians
Roman Emperor, 41-54, Claudius; St Julian the Bishop of Cenomanis (Le Mans) in Gaul, Commemorated July 13 ; Hieromartyr Apollinaris the Bishop of Ravenna, Commemorated on July 23; Apostle Andronicus of the Seventy, Commemorated July 30 ; Apostle Silas of the Seventy, Commemorated July 30 ; BARTHOLOMEW THE APOSTLE, (24 AUGUST NT) ; Hieromartyr Eutyches the Disciple of St John the Theologian, Commemorated on August 24; Return of the Relics of the Apostle Bartholomew from Anastasiopolis to Lipari, Commemorated August 25 : By the power of God the chests did not sink into the depths of the sea, but miraculously floated upon the waves and reached Italy. The chest with the relics of the Apostle Bartholomew came to land at the island of Lipari, and the remaining chests continued their journey and came to land at various places in Italy. The chest with the relics of the Martyr Papian halted at Sicily, the Martyr Lucian at Messina, the Martyr Gregory at Calabria, and the Martyr Acacius at Askalon. ; St Phoebe the Deaconess at Cenchreae near Corinth, Commemorated on September 3 ; Apostle Evodius (Euodias) of the Seventy, Commemorated on September 7; Icon of the Mother of God of Kholm, Commemorated September 8 ; Apostle Quadratus of the Seventy, Commemorated on September 21; St Xanthippe Disciple of the Apostles, who died in Spain, Commemorated on September 23 ; Apostle Aristarchus of the Seventy, Commemorated on September 27; Apostle Ananias of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 1 ; Hieromartyr Dionysius the Areopagite the Bishop of Athens, Commemorated on October 3; Hieromartyr Hierotheus the Bishop of Athens, Commemorated October 4 ; Holy, Glorious Apostle Thomas, Commemorated on October 6 ; Apostle James the Son of Alphaeus, Commemorated on October 9; Apostle Philip of the Seventy, One of the Seven Deacons, Commemorated on October 11; PHILIP, DEACON AND EVANGELIST (11 OCT NT); Martyr Zenaida (Zenais) of Tarsus, in Cilicia, Commemorated on October 11; Martyr Longinus the Centurion, who stood at the Cross of the Lord, Commemorated on October 16; Apostle and Evangelist Luke, Commemorated on October 18; LUKE THE EVANGELIST, (18 OCTOBER) ; Apostle James, the Brother of the Lord, Commemorated on October 23; JAMES OF JERUSALEM, BISHOP AND MARTYR (23 OCT NT); St Tabitha the Widow, raised from the dead by the Apostle Peter, Commemorated on October 25; Apostle Artemas of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 30 ; Apostle Justus of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 30; Apostle Mark of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 30; Apostle Tertius of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 30; Hieromartyr Marcian the Bishop of Syracuse, Commemorated on October 30 ; Apostle Amplias of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 31; Apostle Apelles of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 31; Apostle Aristobulus of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 31; Apostle Narcissus of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 31; Apostle Stachys of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 31; Apostle Urban of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 31; Hieromartyr Nicander the Bishop of Myra, Commemorated on November 4; Apostle Gaius of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 5; Apostle Hermes of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 5; Apostle Linus of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 5; Apostle Patrobus of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 5; Apostle Philologus of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 5; Apostle Erastus of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 10; Apostle Quartus of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 10; Apostle Rodion of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 10; Apostle Sosipater of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 10; Apostle Tertius of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 10; Holy, All-Praised Apostle Philip, Commemorated on November 14; Apostle and Evangelist Matthew, Commemorated on November 16; Apostle Philemon of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 22; Apostle Archippus the Martyr of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 22; St Onesimus the Disciple of St Paul, Commemorated on November 22; Hieromartyr Clement the Pope of Rome, Commemorated on November 25; ANDREW THE APOSTLE, (30 NOV NT) ; Apostle Andrew, the Holy and All-Praised First-Called, Commemorated on November 30; Apostle Apollos of the Seventy, Commemorated on December 8; Apostle Apollos of the Seventy, Commemorated on December 8; Apostle Cephas of the Seventy, Commemorated on December 8; Apostle Epaphroditus of the Seventy, Commemorated on December 8; Apostle Onesiphorus of the Seventy, Commemorated on December 8; Apostle Sosthenes of the Seventy, Commemorated on December 8; Apostle Tychicus of the Seventy, Commemorated on December 8; Hieromartyr Ignatius the God-Bearer the Bishop of Antioch, Commemorated on December 20; THOMAS THE APOSTLE, (21 DEC NT) ; STEPHEN, DEACON AND PROTOMARTYR (26 DEC NT); Icon of the Mother of God œthe Merciful, Commemorated on December 27; JOHN, APOSTLE AND EVANGELIST (27 DEC NT); James of Holy Righteous Joseph the Betrothed, along with David the King, and James the Brother of the Lord, Commemorated on December 27; Apostle Nicanor the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on December 28; Apostle Timon the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on December 30 ; Apostle Barnabas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Euodius of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle James, of the Seventy, the Brother of the Lord, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Justus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Mark the Evangelist of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4 ; Apostle Simeon, of the Seventy, the son of Cleophas, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Cleophas of the Seventy, the Brother of Joseph the Betrothed, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Ananias of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Philip the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Prochorus the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Nicanor the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4 ; Apostle Timon the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Parmenas the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Timothy of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Titus of the Seventy and Bishop of Crete, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Philemon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Onesimus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Epaphroditus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Archippus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Silas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Silvanus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Crescens of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Crispus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Crispus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Epenetus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Andronicus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Stachys of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Amplias of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Urban of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Narcissus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Apelles of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Aristobulus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Herodion of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Agabus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Rufus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Asyncritus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Phlegon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Hermes of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Patrobus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Hermas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Linus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Gaius of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Lucius of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Jason of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Sosipater of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Olympas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Tertius of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Erastus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Quartus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Onesiphorus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Clement of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Sosthenes of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Apollos of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Tychicus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Carpus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Quadratus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Mark of the Seventy, called John, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Zenas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Aristarchus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Pudens of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Trophimus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Mark of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4 ; Apostle Artemas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Aquila of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4 ; Apostle Fortunatus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Veneration of the Precious Chains of the Holy and All-Glorious Apostle Peter, Commemorated on January 16; Apostle Timothy of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 22; THE CONVERSION OF THE APOSTLE PAUL, (JANUARY 25); SILAS, MISSIONARY COMPANION OF PAUL, Commemorated January 26 ; TIMOTHY AND TITUS, COMPANIONS OF PAUL (26 JAN NT); LYDIA, DORCAS AND PHOEBE, CO-WORKERS WITH THE APOSTLES, 27 JAN. NT ; CORNELIUS THE CENTURION, (7 FEBRUARY) ; Hieromartyr Marcellus the Bishop of Sicily, Commemorated on February 9; Apostle Onesimus of the Seventy, Commemorated on February 15; St Auxibius Bishop of Soli, Cyprus, Commemorated on February 17; St Mariamne the sister of the Apostle Philip, Commemorated on February 17; Apostle Philemon the Martyr of the Seventy, Commemorated on February 19; Martyr Archippus of the Seventy Apostles, Commemorated on February 19; Uncovering of the relics of the Holy Martyrs at the Gate of Eugenius at Constantinople, Commemorated on February 22; MATTHIAS THE APOSTLE, (24 FEB NT); Martyr Kyriake of Rome, Commemorated on March 20; Martyr Photina (Svetlana), the Samaritan Woman, and Her Sons, Commemorated on March 20; St Cyril the Bishop of Catania, Commemorated on March 21; St Artemon (Menignus) the Bishop of Seleucia, Commemorated on March 24 ; Apostle Apollos of the Seventy, Commemorated on March 30; Apostle Cephas of the Seventy, Commemorated on March 30; Apostle Epaphroditus of the Seventy, Commemorated on March 30; Apostle Sosthenes of the Seventy, Commemorated on March 30; Apostle Herodion of the Seventy, and those with Him, Commemorated on April 8 ; Hieromartyr Antipas the Bishop of Pergamum and Disciple of St John the Theologian, Commemorated on April 11; Martyr Processus of Rome, Commemorated on April 11 ; Apostle Aristarchus of the Seventy, Commemorated on April 15; Apostle Pudens of the Seventy, Commemorated on April 15 ; Apostle Trophimus of the Seventy, Commemorated on April 15; Apostle Zacchaeus, Commemorated on April 20; Apostle and Evangelist Mark, Commemorated on April 25 ; MARK THE EVANGELIST, (25 APR NT) ; Apostle Jason, of the Seventy and those with him, Commemorated on April 28; Apostle Sosipater of the Seventy and those with him, Commemorated on April 28; Apostle James the Brother of St John the Theologian, Commemorated on April 30; James of PHILIP AND JAMES, APOSTLES (1 MAY NT) ; Philip of PHILIP AND JAMES, APOSTLES (1 MAY NT); Apostle Andronicus of the Seventy, Commemorated on May 17 ; St Eutychius the Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated on May 28; Apostle Hermas of the Seventy, Commemorated on May 31 ; Martyr Frontasius of Gaul, Commemorated on June 4; Righteous Martha the sister of Lazarus, Commemorated on June 4; Apostle Barnabas of the Seventy, Commemorated on June 11 ; Icon of the Mother of God of Lydda or œthe Roman, Commemorated on June 26; PETER AND PAUL, APOSTLES AND MARTYRS (29 JUN 64); The Holy Glorious and All-Praised Leader of the Apostles, Paul, Commemorated on June 29; The Holy Glorious and All-Praised Leader of the Apostles, Peter, Commemorated on June 29; The Holy Glorious and All-Praised Leaders of the Apostles, Peter and Paul, Commemorated on June 29 ;

Rome, 41-54, All the Jews banished from Rome, including christians of course
Rome, 41-54, All the Jews banished from Rome ; Roman Emperor, 41-54, Claudius; St Julian the Bishop of Cenomanis (Le Mans) in Gaul, Commemorated July 13 ; Hieromartyr Apollinaris the Bishop of Ravenna, Commemorated on July 23; Apostle Andronicus of the Seventy, Commemorated July 30 ; Apostle Silas of the Seventy, Commemorated July 30 ; BARTHOLOMEW THE APOSTLE, (24 AUGUST NT) ; Hieromartyr Eutyches the Disciple of St John the Theologian, Commemorated on August 24; Return of the Relics of the Apostle Bartholomew from Anastasiopolis to Lipari, Commemorated August 25 : By the power of God the chests did not sink into the depths of the sea, but miraculously floated upon the waves and reached Italy. The chest with the relics of the Apostle Bartholomew came to land at the island of Lipari, and the remaining chests continued their journey and came to land at various places in Italy. The chest with the relics of the Martyr Papian halted at Sicily, the Martyr Lucian at Messina, the Martyr Gregory at Calabria, and the Martyr Acacius at Askalon. ; St Phoebe the Deaconess at Cenchreae near Corinth, Commemorated on September 3 ; Apostle Evodius (Euodias) of the Seventy, Commemorated on September 7; Icon of the Mother of God of Kholm, Commemorated September 8 ; Apostle Quadratus of the Seventy, Commemorated on September 21; St Xanthippe Disciple of the Apostles, who died in Spain, Commemorated on September 23 ; Apostle Aristarchus of the Seventy, Commemorated on September 27; Apostle Ananias of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 1 ; Hieromartyr Dionysius the Areopagite the Bishop of Athens, Commemorated on October 3; Hieromartyr Hierotheus the Bishop of Athens, Commemorated October 4 ; Holy, Glorious Apostle Thomas, Commemorated on October 6 ; Apostle James the Son of Alphaeus, Commemorated on October 9; Apostle Philip of the Seventy, One of the Seven Deacons, Commemorated on October 11; PHILIP, DEACON AND EVANGELIST (11 OCT NT); Martyr Zenaida (Zenais) of Tarsus, in Cilicia, Commemorated on October 11; Martyr Longinus the Centurion, who stood at the Cross of the Lord, Commemorated on October 16; Apostle and Evangelist Luke, Commemorated on October 18; LUKE THE EVANGELIST, (18 OCTOBER) ; Apostle James, the Brother of the Lord, Commemorated on October 23; JAMES OF JERUSALEM, BISHOP AND MARTYR (23 OCT NT); St Tabitha the Widow, raised from the dead by the Apostle Peter, Commemorated on October 25; Apostle Artemas of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 30 ; Apostle Justus of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 30; Apostle Mark of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 30; Apostle Tertius of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 30; Hieromartyr Marcian the Bishop of Syracuse, Commemorated on October 30 ; Apostle Amplias of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 31; Apostle Apelles of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 31; Apostle Aristobulus of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 31; Apostle Narcissus of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 31; Apostle Stachys of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 31; Apostle Urban of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 31; Hieromartyr Nicander the Bishop of Myra, Commemorated on November 4; Apostle Gaius of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 5; Apostle Hermes of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 5; Apostle Linus of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 5; Apostle Patrobus of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 5; Apostle Philologus of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 5; Apostle Erastus of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 10; Apostle Quartus of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 10; Apostle Rodion of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 10; Apostle Sosipater of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 10; Apostle Tertius of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 10; Holy, All-Praised Apostle Philip, Commemorated on November 14; Apostle and Evangelist Matthew, Commemorated on November 16; Apostle Philemon of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 22; Apostle Archippus the Martyr of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 22; St Onesimus the Disciple of St Paul, Commemorated on November 22; Hieromartyr Clement the Pope of Rome, Commemorated on November 25; ANDREW THE APOSTLE, (30 NOV NT) ; Apostle Andrew, the Holy and All-Praised First-Called, Commemorated on November 30; Apostle Apollos of the Seventy, Commemorated on December 8; Apostle Apollos of the Seventy, Commemorated on December 8; Apostle Cephas of the Seventy, Commemorated on December 8; Apostle Epaphroditus of the Seventy, Commemorated on December 8; Apostle Onesiphorus of the Seventy, Commemorated on December 8; Apostle Sosthenes of the Seventy, Commemorated on December 8; Apostle Tychicus of the Seventy, Commemorated on December 8; Hieromartyr Ignatius the God-Bearer the Bishop of Antioch, Commemorated on December 20; THOMAS THE APOSTLE, (21 DEC NT) ; STEPHEN, DEACON AND PROTOMARTYR (26 DEC NT); Icon of the Mother of God ÃƒÂ¢Ã‚Â€Ã‚Âœthe MercifulÃƒÂ¢Ã‚Â€Ã‚ÂÂÂÂ, Commemorated on December 27; JOHN, APOSTLE AND EVANGELIST (27 DEC NT); James of Holy Righteous Joseph the Betrothed, along with David the King, and James the Brother of the Lord, Commemorated on December 27; Apostle Nicanor the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on December 28; Apostle Timon the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on December 30 ; Apostle Barnabas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Euodius of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle James, of the Seventy, the Brother of the Lord, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Justus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Mark the Evangelist of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4 ; Apostle Simeon, of the Seventy, the son of Cleophas, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Cleophas of the Seventy, the Brother of Joseph the Betrothed, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Ananias of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Philip the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Prochorus the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Nicanor the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4 ; Apostle Timon the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Parmenas the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Timothy of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Titus of the Seventy and Bishop of Crete, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Philemon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Onesimus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Epaphroditus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Archippus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Silas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Silvanus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Crescens of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Crispus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Crispus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Epenetus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Andronicus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Stachys of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Amplias of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Urban of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Narcissus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Apelles of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Aristobulus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Herodion of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Agabus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Rufus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Asyncritus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Phlegon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Hermes of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Patrobus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Hermas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Linus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Gaius of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Lucius of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Jason of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Sosipater of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Olympas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Tertius of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Erastus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Quartus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Onesiphorus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Clement of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Sosthenes of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Apollos of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Tychicus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Carpus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Quadratus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Mark of the Seventy, called John, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Zenas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Aristarchus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Pudens of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Trophimus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Mark of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4 ; Apostle Artemas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Aquila of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4 ; Apostle Fortunatus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Veneration of the Precious Chains of the Holy and All-Glorious Apostle Peter, Commemorated on January 16; Apostle Timothy of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 22; THE CONVERSION OF THE APOSTLE PAUL, (JANUARY 25); SILAS, MISSIONARY COMPANION OF PAUL, Commemorated January 26 ; TIMOTHY AND TITUS, COMPANIONS OF PAUL (26 JAN NT); LYDIA, DORCAS AND PHOEBE, CO-WORKERS WITH THE APOSTLES, 27 JAN. NT ; CORNELIUS THE CENTURION, (7 FEBRUARY) ; Hieromartyr Marcellus the Bishop of Sicily, Commemorated on February 9; Apostle Onesimus of the Seventy, Commemorated on February 15; St Auxibius Bishop of Soli, Cyprus, Commemorated on February 17; St Mariamne the sister of the Apostle Philip, Commemorated on February 17; Apostle Philemon the Martyr of the Seventy, Commemorated on February 19; Martyr Archippus of the Seventy Apostles, Commemorated on February 19; Uncovering of the relics of the Holy Martyrs at the Gate of Eugenius at Constantinople, Commemorated on February 22; MATTHIAS THE APOSTLE, (24 FEB NT); Martyr Kyriake of Rome, Commemorated on March 20; Martyr Photina (Svetlana), the Samaritan Woman, and Her Sons, Commemorated on March 20; St Cyril the Bishop of Catania, Commemorated on March 21; St Artemon (Menignus) the Bishop of Seleucia, Commemorated on March 24 ; Apostle Apollos of the Seventy, Commemorated on March 30; Apostle Cephas of the Seventy, Commemorated on March 30; Apostle Epaphroditus of the Seventy, Commemorated on March 30; Apostle Sosthenes of the Seventy, Commemorated on March 30; Apostle Herodion of the Seventy, and those with Him, Commemorated on April 8 ; Hieromartyr Antipas the Bishop of Pergamum and Disciple of St John the Theologian, Commemorated on April 11; Martyr Processus of Rome, Commemorated on April 11 ; Apostle Aristarchus of the Seventy, Commemorated on April 15; Apostle Pudens of the Seventy, Commemorated on April 15 ; Apostle Trophimus of the Seventy, Commemorated on April 15; Apostle Zacchaeus, Commemorated on April 20; Apostle and Evangelist Mark, Commemorated on April 25 ; MARK THE EVANGELIST, (25 APR NT) ; Apostle Jason, of the Seventy and those with him, Commemorated on April 28; Apostle Sosipater of the Seventy and those with him, Commemorated on April 28; Apostle James the Brother of St John the Theologian, Commemorated on April 30; James of PHILIP AND JAMES, APOSTLES (1 MAY NT) ; Philip of PHILIP AND JAMES, APOSTLES (1 MAY NT); Apostle Andronicus of the Seventy, Commemorated on May 17 ; St Eutychius the Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated on May 28; Apostle Hermas of the Seventy, Commemorated on May 31 ; Martyr Frontasius of Gaul, Commemorated on June 4; Righteous Martha the sister of Lazarus, Commemorated on June 4; Apostle Barnabas of the Seventy, Commemorated on June 11 ; Icon of the Mother of God of Lydda or ÃƒÂƒÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÂ‚Ã‚Â€ÃƒÂ‚Ã‚Âœthe RomanÃƒÂƒÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÂ‚Ã‚Â€ÃƒÂ‚Ã‚ÂÂÂÂ, Commemorated on June 26; PETER AND PAUL, APOSTLES AND MARTYRS (29 JUN 64); The Holy Glorious and All-Praised Leader of the Apostles, Paul, Commemorated on June 29; The Holy Glorious and All-Praised Leader of the Apostles, Peter, Commemorated on June 29; The Holy Glorious and All-Praised Leaders of the Apostles, Peter and Paul, Commemorated on June 29 ;

Rome, 41-54, Cornelius, Centurion, Peter, sheet, eat everything, salvation, Skepsis, idols, earthquake, wife and c
Palestine Centurion, 1st Century, Cornelius the Centurion; Martyr Demetrius with his wife and son, at Skepsis on the Hellespont, Commemorated on September 11 ; Hieromartyr Cornelius the Centurion, Commemorated September 13 ; Hieromartyr Cornelius the Centurion: Soon after the sufferings of the Lord Jesus Christ on the Cross and His Ascension into Heaven, a centurion by the name of Cornelius settled at Caesarea in Palestine. He had lived previously in Thracian Italy. Although he was a pagan, he distinguished himself by deep piety and good deeds, as the holy Evangelist Luke says (Acts 10:1). The Lord did not disdain his virtuous life, and so led him to the knowledge of truth and to faith in Christ. Cornelius was praying in his home. An angel of God appeared to him and said that his prayer had been heard and accepted by God. The angel commande him to send people to Joppa to find Simon, also called Peter. Cornelius immediately fulfilled the command. those people were on their way to Joppa, the Apostle Peter was at prayer, and he had a vision: three times a great sheet was lowered down to him, filled with all kinds of beasts and fowl. He heard a voice from Heaven commanding him to eat everything. When the apostle refused to eat food which Jewish Law regarded as unclean, the voice said: “What God hath cleansed, you must not call common” (Acts 10:15). this vision the Lord commanded the Apostle Peter to preach the Word of God to the pagans. When the Apostle Peter arrived at the house of Cornelius in the company of those sent to meet him, he was received with great joy and respect by the host together with his kinsmen and comrades. fell down at the feet of the apostle and requested to be taught the way of salvation. Saint Peter talked about the earthly life of Jesus Christ, and spoke of the miracles and signs worked by the Savior, and of His teachings about the Kingdom of Heaven. Then Saint Peter told him of the Lord’s death on the Cross, His Resurrection and Ascension into Heaven. By the grace of the Holy Spirit, Cornelius believed in Christ and was baptized with all his family. He was the first pagan to receive Baptism. retired from the world and went preaching the Gospel together with the Apostle Peter, who made him a bishop. When the Apostle Peter, together with his helpers Saints Timothy and Cornelius, was in the city of Ephesus, he learned of a particularly vigorous idol-worship in the city of Skepsis. Lots were drawn to see who would go there, and Saint Cornelius was chosen. the city lived a prince by the name of Demetrius, learned in the ancient Greek philosophy, hating Christianity and venerating the pagan gods, in particular Apollo and Zeus. Learning about the arrival of Saint Cornelius in the city, he immediately summoned him and asked him the reason for his coming. Saint Cornelius answered that he came to free him from the darkness of ignorance and lead him to knowledge of the True Light. prince, not comprehending the meaning of what was said, became angry and demanded that he answer each of his questions. When Saint Cornelius explained that he served the Lord and that the reason for his coming was to announce the Truth, the prince became enraged and demanded that Cornelius offer sacrifice to the idols. saint asked to be shown the gods. When he entered the pagan temple, Cornelius turned towards the east and uttered a prayer to the Lord. There was an earthquake, and the temple of Zeus and the idols situated in it were destroyed. All the populace, seeing what had happened, were terrified. prince was even more vexed and began to take counsel together with those approaching him, about how to destroy Cornelius. They bound the saint and took him to prison for the night. At this point, one of his servants informed the prince that his wife and child had perished beneath the rubble of the destroyed temple. a certain while, one of the pagan priests, by the name of Barbates, reported that he heard the voice of the wife and son somewhere in the ruins and that they were praising the God of the Christians. The pagan priest asked that the imprisoned one be released, in gratitude for the miracle worked by Saint Cornelius, and the wife and son of the prince remained alive. joyful prince hastened to the prison in the company of those about him, declaring that he believed in Christ and asking him to bring his wife and son out of the ruins of the temple. Saint Cornelius went to the destroyed temple, and through prayer the suffering were freed. this the prince Demetrius, and all his relatives and comrades accepted holy Baptism. Saint Cornelius lived for a long time in this city, converted all the pagan inhabitants to Christ, and made Eunomios a presbyter in service to the Lord. Saint Cornelius died in old age and was buried not far from the pagan temple he destroyed.

Rome, 50, Presbyter Julian & Deacon Caesarius at Terracina, pagan temple collapsed, killing many, bodies floated
Naples, 50, Martyrs Julian the Presbyter and Caesarius the Deacon at Terracina; Caesarius was thrown into prison for insulting the pagan gods. They later took him in bonds to the temple of Apollo, but before they got him near the pagan temple it collapsed, killing the pagan priests and many of the people. the same time the idolaters arrested the Christian priest Julian. At the emperor’s orders, the holy martyrs were cast into the sea, but their bodies floated to the surface, and Christians buried the sufferers. Terracina, near Rome ; Martyr Julian the Presbyter at Terracina, Commemorated October 7 ; Martyr Julian the Presbyter suffered martyrdom for Christ with Saint Caesarius the Deacon at Terracina, Italy in the first century. Caesarius was thrown into prison for insulting the pagan gods. They later took him in bonds to the temple of Apollo, but before they got him near the pagan temple it collapsed, killing the pagan priests and many of the people. the same time the idolaters arrested the Christian priest Julian. At the emperor’s orders, the holy martyrs were cast into the sea, but their bodies floated to the surface, and Christians buried the sufferers. relics of Saint Caesarius are kept in Rome.

Rome, 54-68, Emperor, Nero, Pagan, popular w citizens, but tyranny, extravagance, religious persecution and debauchery
Roman Emperor, 54-68, Nero ; Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (15 December 37 - 9 June 68 AD), originally named Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, was the fifth emperor of Rome, and the last in the Julio-Claudian dynasty line of emperors. was adopted by the Roman emperor Claudius at the age of thirteen, and succeeded him to the throne at the age of seventeen. Nero was popular with the lower-class Roman citizens during his time, but the aristocracy which have monopoly on surviving written tradition tended to associate his reign with unrestricted tyranny, extravagance, religious persecution and debauchery.[2][i][ii] was born in Antium, south of Rome, in AD 37. As biological great great-grandson of Augustus he was member of the innermost circle of the ruling dynasty. When Nero was two years old, his father died of edema, which enabled his mother (Agrippina the Younger) to marry the emperor Claudius and ultimately convince him to adopt and make Nero his heir. Early in his reign Nero was initially heavily guided by his mother Agrippina, his tutor Seneca the Younger, and Roman official Afranius Burrus. However, these early years saw Nero attempting to free himself from all such advisors and become his own man. As time passed, Nero played a more active role in government and foreign policy and came to rely much less on his initial influences. and colorful personality, Nero was at the center of several public and private scandals, some of which continue to live in public imagination even today. He made public appearances as an actor, poet, musician, and charioteer which shocked his aristocratic contemporaries as these occupations were usually seen as the domain of slaves, freedmen and commoners. Power struggle with his mother eventually led to him murdering his foster brother Britannicus and later to matricide. He also banished and later had his wife Claudia Octavia murdered in order to marry Poppaea Sabina, wife of his friend Otho who would later briefly succeed him. Soon afterwards Nero polygamously married freedman Pythagoras, with Nero acting as the bride at the ceremony. After Poppaea's death in unclear circumstances, Nero in short succession married an aristocratic woman Statilia Messalina and another freedman Sporus whom Nero had castrated. government Nero focused much of his attention on diplomacy and trade, as well as on the cultural life of the empire. He ordered the construction of amphitheaters and promoted athletic games. A significant event that took place during his reign was the Roman–Parthian War of 58–63, where the prestigious general Corbulo had acted as commander and had successfully negotiated peace with the hostile Parthian Empire as a result of the war. The Roman general Suetonius Paulinus had also quashed a major revolt in Britain led by the Iceni tribal Queen Boudica. The Bosporan Kingdom was briefly annexed to the empire, and the First Jewish–Roman War began. Late in Nero's reign much of the city of Rome was destroyed by the Great Fire of Rome. The massive state expenses, partially related to reconstruction efforts, forced Nero to increase tax burdens and debase currency which put him on the collision course with the empire's elites. His decision to use the freed space in Rome's center for a statue of himself and a massive palace complex shaped public perception that money raised by such measures was being wasted for Nero's personal use. Nero's reign, various plots against his life developed, and Nero had many of those involved in these conspiracies put to death. Nero's increasing paranoia caused by these conspiracies resulted in harsh measures against the upper classes, which in turn increased the number of those desiring to remove him from power. In AD 68, the Roman senator Vindex, who had support from the eventual Roman emperor Galba, rebelled against Nero. Vindex's revolt failed in its immediate aim; however, Nero fled Rome when its discontented civil and military authorities eventually chose Galba as emperor. On 9 June in AD 68, Nero committed suicide, becoming the first Roman Emperor to do so. He made this decision after learning that he had been tried in absentia and condemned to death as a public enemy.[3][4] His death ended the Julio-Claudian dynasty, sparking a brief period of civil war known as the Year of the Four Emperors. Roman sources (including the Ancient Roman historians Suetonius and Cassius Dio) offer overwhelmingly negative assessments of his personality and reign. The contemporary historian Tacitus claims the Roman people thought him compulsive and corrupt. Suetonius tells that many Romans believed that the Great Fire of Rome was instigated by Nero as a way to clear land for his planned palatial complex, the Domus Aurea.[5] Also, according to Tacitus, he was said to have seized Christians as scapegoats for the fire, and had them burned alive, seemingly motivated not by public justice but by personal cruelty.[6] Some modern historians question the reliability of the ancient sources on Nero's tyrannical acts[7][8] due to the overwhelming evidence of his popularity among the Roman commoners (especially in the eastern provinces of the Empire, where a popular legend arose that Nero had not died and would return). After his death, at least three leaders of short-lived, failed rebellions presented themselves as "Nero reborn" in order to gain popular support. Hieromartyr Eutyches the Disciple of St John the Theologian, Commemorated on August 24; BARTHOLOMEW THE APOSTLE, (24 AUGUST NT) ; Apostle Titus of the Seventy and Bishop of Crete, Commemorated August 25 ; Return of the Relics of the Apostle Bartholomew from Anastasiopolis to Lipari, Commemorated August 25 : By the power of God the chests did not sink into the depths of the sea, but miraculously floated upon the waves and reached Italy. The chest with the relics of the Apostle Bartholomew came to land at the island of Lipari, and the remaining chests continued their journey and came to land at various places in Italy. The chest with the relics of the Martyr Papian halted at Sicily, the Martyr Lucian at Messina, the Martyr Gregory at Calabria, and the Martyr Acacius at Askalon. ; St Julian the Bishop of Cenomanis (Le Mans) in Gaul, Commemorated July 13 ; Apostle Evodius (Euodias) of the Seventy, Commemorated on September 7; Apostle Quadratus of the Seventy, Commemorated on September 21; St Xanthippe Disciple of the Apostles, who died in Spain, Commemorated on September 23 ; Apostle Aristarchus of the Seventy, Commemorated on September 27; Apostle Ananias of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 1 ; Hieromartyr Dionysius the Areopagite the Bishop of Athens, Commemorated on October 3; Hieromartyr Hierotheus the Bishop of Athens, Commemorated October 4 ; Holy, Glorious Apostle Thomas, Commemorated on October 6 ; Martyr Julian the Presbyter at Terracina, Commemorated on October 7; Apostle James the Son of Alphaeus, Commemorated on October 9; Apostle Philip of the Seventy, One of the Seven Deacons, Commemorated on October 11; PHILIP, DEACON AND EVANGELIST (11 OCT NT); Martyr Nazarius of Milan, Commemorated on October 14; Martyr Zenaida (Zenais) of Tarsus, in Cilicia, Commemorated on October 11; Apostle and Evangelist Luke, Commemorated on October 18; LUKE THE EVANGELIST, (18 OCTOBER) ; Apostle James, the Brother of the Lord, Commemorated on October 23; JAMES OF JERUSALEM, BISHOP AND MARTYR (23 OCT NT); Apostle Artemas of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 30 ; Apostle Justus of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 30; Apostle Mark of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 30; Apostle Tertius of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 30; Hieromartyr Marcian the Bishop of Syracuse, Commemorated on October 30 ; Apostle Amplias of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 31; Apostle Apelles of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 31; Apostle Aristobulus of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 31; Apostle Narcissus of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 31; Apostle Stachys of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 31; Apostle Urban of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 31; Hieromartyr Nicander the Bishop of Myra, Commemorated on November 4; Apostle Gaius of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 5; Apostle Hermes of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 5; Apostle Linus of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 5; Apostle Patrobus of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 5; Apostle Philologus of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 5; Apostle Erastus of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 10; Apostle Quartus of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 10; Apostle Rodion of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 10; Apostle Sosipater of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 10; Apostle Tertius of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 10; Icon of the Mother of God œthe MercifulÂ, Commemorated on November 12; Holy, All-Praised Apostle Philip, Commemorated on November 14; Apostle and Evangelist Matthew, Commemorated on November 16; Apostle Philemon of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 22; Apostle Archippus the Martyr of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 22; St Onesimus the Disciple of St Paul, Commemorated on November 22; St Onesimus the Disciple of St Paul, Commemorated on November 22; CLEMENT OF ROME, BISHOP (23 NOV 100); ANDREW THE APOSTLE, (30 NOV NT) ; Apostle Andrew, the Holy and All-Praised First-Called, Commemorated on November 30; Apostle Apollos of the Seventy, Commemorated on December 8; Apostle Cephas of the Seventy, Commemorated on December 8; Apostle Epaphroditus of the Seventy, Commemorated on December 8; Apostle Onesiphorus of the Seventy, Commemorated on December 8; Apostle Sosthenes of the Seventy, Commemorated on December 8; Apostle Tychicus of the Seventy, Commemorated on December 8; Hieromartyr Ignatius the God-Bearer the Bishop of Antioch, Commemorated on December 20; THOMAS THE APOSTLE, (21 DEC NT) ; Icon of the Mother of God œthe MercifulÂ, Commemorated on December 27; JOHN, APOSTLE AND EVANGELIST (27 DEC NT); James of Holy Righteous Joseph the Betrothed, along with David the King, and James the Brother of the Lord, Commemorated on December 27; Apostle Timon the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on December 30 ; Apostle and Evangelist Luke of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4 ; Apostle Barnabas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Euodius of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle James, of the Seventy, the Brother of the Lord, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Justus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Mark the Evangelist of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4 ; Apostle Simeon, of the Seventy, the son of Cleophas, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Cleophas of the Seventy, the Brother of Joseph the Betrothed, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Ananias of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Philip the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Prochorus the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Timon the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Parmenas the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Timothy of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Titus of the Seventy and Bishop of Crete, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Philemon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Onesimus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Epaphroditus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Archippus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Silas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Silvanus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Crescens of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Crispus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Epenetus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Andronicus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Stachys of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Amplias of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Urban of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Narcissus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Apelles of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Aristobulus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Herodion of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Rufus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Asyncritus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Phlegon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Hermes of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Patrobus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Hermas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Linus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Gaius of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Lucius of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Jason of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Sosipater of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Olympas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Tertius of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Erastus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Quartus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Onesiphorus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Clement of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Sosthenes of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Apollos of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Tychicus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Carpus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Quadratus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Mark of the Seventy, called John, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Zenas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Aristarchus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Pudens of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Trophimus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Mark of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4 ; Apostle Artemas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Aquila of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4 ; Apostle Fortunatus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Veneration of the Precious Chains of the Holy and All-Glorious Apostle Peter, Commemorated on January 16; Apostle Timothy of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 22; SILAS, MISSIONARY COMPANION OF PAUL, Commemorated January 26 ; TIMOTHY AND TITUS, COMPANIONS OF PAUL (26 JAN NT); LYDIA, DORCAS AND PHOEBE, CO-WORKERS WITH THE APOSTLES, 27 JAN. NT ; St Bucolus the Bishop of Smyrna, Commemorated on February 6; CORNELIUS THE CENTURION, (7 FEBRUARY) ; Hieromartyr Marcellus the Bishop of Sicily, Commemorated on February 9; Apostle Onesimus of the Seventy, Commemorated on February 15; St Auxibius Bishop of Soli, Cyprus, Commemorated on February 17; St Mariamne the sister of the Apostle Philip, Commemorated on February 17; Apostle Philemon the Martyr of the Seventy, Commemorated on February 19; Martyr Archippus of the Seventy Apostles, Commemorated on February 19; Uncovering of the relics of the Holy Martyrs at the Gate of Eugenius at Constantinople, Commemorated on February 22; MATTHIAS THE APOSTLE, (24 FEB NT); Martyr Archippus of the Seventy Apostles, Commemorated February 19; Martyr Kyriake of Rome, Commemorated on March 20; Martyr Photina (Svetlana), the Samaritan Woman, and Her Sons, Commemorated on March 20; St Cyril the Bishop of Catania, Commemorated on March 21; St Artemon (Menignus) the Bishop of Seleucia, Commemorated on March 24 ; Apostle Apollos of the Seventy, Commemorated on March 30; Apostle Cephas of the Seventy, Commemorated on March 30; Apostle Epaphroditus of the Seventy, Commemorated on March 30; Apostle Sosthenes of the Seventy, Commemorated on March 30; Apostle Herodion of the Seventy, and those with Him, Commemorated on April 8 ; Hieromartyr Antipas the Bishop of Pergamum and Disciple of St John the Theologian, Commemorated on April 11; Martyr Processus of Rome, Commemorated on April 11; Apostle Aristarchus of the Seventy, Commemorated on April 15; Apostle Pudens of the Seventy, Commemorated on April 15 ; Apostle Trophimus of the Seventy, Commemorated on April 15; Martyr Basilissa of Rome the Disciple of Apostles Peter and Paul, Commemorated on April 15 ; Apostle Zacchaeus, Commemorated on April 20; Apostle and Evangelist Mark, Commemorated on April 25 ; MARK THE EVANGELIST, (25 APR NT) ; Apostle Jason, of the Seventy and those with him, Commemorated on April 28; Apostle Sosipater of the Seventy and those with him, Commemorated on April 28; Virginmartyr Kerkyra and those with her, Commemorated on April 28; James of PHILIP AND JAMES, APOSTLES (1 MAY NT) ; Philip of PHILIP AND JAMES, APOSTLES (1 MAY NT); Apostle Andronicus of the Seventy, Commemorated on May 17 ; Hieromartyr Patrick the Bishop of Prusa with his companions, Commemorated on May 19; St Eutychius the Bishop of Melitene, Commemorated on May 28; Apostle Hermas of the Seventy, Commemorated on May 31 ; Hieromartyr Lucian the Bishop at Beauvais in France, Commemorated on June 3; Righteous Martha the sister of Lazarus, Commemorated on June 4; Apostle Barnabas of the Seventy, Commemorated on June 11 ; PETER AND PAUL, APOSTLES AND MARTYRS (29 JUN 64); The Holy Glorious and All-Praised Leader of the Apostles, Paul, Commemorated on June 29; The Holy Glorious and All-Praised Leader of the Apostles, Peter, Commemorated on June 29; The Holy Glorious and All-Praised Leaders of the Apostles, Peter and Paul, Commemorated on June 29 ;

Rome, 61, Epistle of St James, Brother of the Lord
Rome, 61, Epistle of St James, Brother of the Lord; Epistle of James, the Letter of James, or simply James (Ancient Greek: Ἰάκωβος, romanized: Iakōbos), is a General epistle and one of the 21 epistles (didactic letters) in the New Testament. author identifies himself as "James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ" who is writing to "the twelve tribes scattered abroad" (James 1:1). The epistle is traditionally attributed to James the brother of Jesus (James the Just),[1][2] and the audience is generally considered to be Jewish Christians, who were dispersed outside Israel.[3][4] his letter within an overall theme of patient perseverance during trials and temptations, James writes in order to encourage his readers to live consistently with what they have learned in Christ. He condemns various sins, including pride, hypocrisy, favouritism, and slander. He encourages and implores believers to humbly live by godly, rather than worldly wisdom and to pray in all situations. the most part, until the late 20th century, the epistle of James was relegated to benign disregard – though it was shunned by many early theologians and scholars due to its advocacy of Torah observance and good works.[5] Famously, Luther at one time considered the epistle to be among the disputed books, and sidelined it to an appendix,[6] although in his Large Catechism he treated it as the authoritative word of God.[7] epistle aims to reach a wide Jewish audience.[8] During the last decades, the epistle of James has attracted increasing scholarly interest due to a surge in the quest for the historical James,[9] his role within the Jesus movement, his beliefs, and his relationships and views. This James revival is also associated with an increasing level of awareness of the Jewish grounding of both the epistle and the early Jesus movement.[10] James, Brother of the Lord; the Just, or a variation of James, brother of the Lord, was "a brother of Jesus", according to the New Testament. He was an early leader of the Jerusalem Church of the Apostolic Age. He died as a martyr in AD 62 or 69 after being stoned to death by order of High Priest Ananus ben Ananus. and Eastern Orthodox Christians, as well as some Anglicans and Lutherans, teach that James, along with others named in the New Testament as "brothers"[note 2] of Jesus, were not the biological children of Mary, but were possibly cousins of Jesus,[6] or step-brothers from a previous marriage of Joseph (as related in the Gospel of James).[7][note 3] The Catholic tradition holds that this James is to be identified with James, son of Alphaeus, and James the Less.[11] It is agreed by most that he should not be confused with James, son of Zebedee also known as James the Great.[1] Apostle James, the Brother of the Lord, Commemorated on October 23; Apostle James, the Brother of God (Adelphotheos) was the son of Righteous Joseph the Betrothed of the Most Holy Theotokos (December 26). his early years James was a Nazarene, a man especially dedicated to God. The Nazarenes vowed to preserve their virginity, to abstain from wine, to refrain from eating meat, and not to cut their hair. The vow of the Nazarenes symbolized a life of holiness and purity, commanded formerly by the Lord for all Israel. the Savior began to teach the nation about the Kingdom of God, Saint James believed in Christ and became His apostle. He was chosen as the first Bishop of Jerusalem. James presided over the Council of Jerusalem and his word was decisive (Acts 15). his thirty years as bishop, Saint James converted many of the Jews to Christianity. Annoyed by this, the Pharisees and the Scribes plotted together to kill Saint James. They led the saint up on the pinnacle of the Jerusalem Temple and asked what he thought of Jesus. The holy Apostle began to bear witness that Christ is the Messiah, which was not the response the Pharisees were expecting. Greatly angered, the Jewish teachers threw him off the roof. saint did not die immediately, but gathering his final strength, he prayed to the Lord for his enemies while they were stoning him. Saint James’ martyrdom occurred about 63 A.D. holy Apostle James composed a Divine Liturgy, which formed the basis of the Liturgies of Saints Basil the Great and John Chrysostom. The Church has preserved an Epistle of Saint James, one of the books of the New Testament. 1853, Patriarch Hierotheus of Alexandria sent to Moscow a portion of the relics of Saint James. The Church distinguishes between the holy Apostle James the Brother of God, and Saint James the son of Zebedee (April 30) and Saint James the son of Alphaeus (October 9).

Rome, 62-63, Gospel of Mark
Rome, 62-63, Gospel of Mark; Gospel of Mark in Wikipedia; Apostle and Evangelist Mark, Commemorated on April 25;

Rome, 62-63, Gospel of Luke and Book of Acts
Rome, 62-63, Gospel of Luke and Book of Acts; Book of Acts; Apostle and Evangelist Luke, Commemorated on October 18;

Rome, 66-70, Acasius of Apamea, Martyr, brought to 3 governors, Syria, Thessalonica, Ephesus, Phrygia
Syria, 66-70, Martyr Acasius of Apamea, brought to 3 governors, Syria, Greece, Phrygia; Apamea, Syria; Martyr Acacius of Apamea, Commemorated July 28 ; Holy Martyr Acacius was brought to trial for his belief in Christ. Three governors attempted to compel the holy martyr to offer sacrifice to idols, having subjected him to fierce tortures. Governor Licinius gave orders to rend the body of Saint Acacius with instruments of torture. He then sent him to Governor Terence, who gave orders to throw Acacius into a cauldron filled with boiling tar and tallow, but the martyr remained unharmed. Terence went to the cities of Apamea and Apollonia and gave orders to bring the martyr after him. In one of these cities Saint Acacius was led into a pagan temple, but by his prayer all the idols there fell down. beat the saint viciously and gave him over to be eaten by wild beasts. When they saw that he remained unharmed, they threw him into a red-hot furnace. The martyr also remained unharmed there. The governor, wanting to check whether the furnace was sufficiently hot, went near it and was burned himself. They then took the holy Martyr Acacius for torture to a certain Posidonius, who put heavy fetters on the holy martyr and gave orders to take him to the city of Miletus. There also the saint, by his prayer, destroyed idols. Finally, the exhausted torturers beheaded Saint Acacius. A priest by the name of Leontius buried his body in the city of Synados (Asia Minor). Greatmartyr Procopius of Caesarea, in Palestine, "Procopius in Apamea on the way to Alexandria" ; Hieromartyr Marcellus the Bishop of Apamea, Commemorated August 14 ; Martyr Aristion the Bishop of Alexandria, Commemorated on September 3 ; Apostle Aristarchus of the Seventy, Commemorated September 27 ; Martyr Anthony of Apamea, Commemorated on November 9 ; Venerable Marcellus the Abbot of the Monastery of the "Unsleeping Ones", Commemorated December 29 ; Martyr Tryphon of Campsada Near Apamea in Syria, Commemorated on February 1 ; Martyr Maurice at Apamea in Syria, Commemorated February 22 ; Martyr Quadratus and the rest of Nicomedia, Commemorated on March 10 ; Hieromartyr Mark the Bishop of Arethusa, who suffered under Julian the Apostate, Commemorated on March 29; Icon of the Mother of God of Vilnius, Commemorated on April 14; Apostle Aristarchus of the Seventy, Commemorated on April 15; St Pausicacus the Bishop of Synnada, Commemorated on May 13; Greatmartyr Procopius of Caesarea, in Palestine, Commemorated on July 8;

Rome, 66-99, Clement I, Pope, leader of church in Rome, died in Greece, writer, prison fellowship
Roman Pope, 66-99, Clement I ; Clement I (died 99), also known as Saint Clement of Rome, is listed by Irenaeus and Tertullian as the fourth bishop of Rome, holding office from 88 AD to his death in 99 AD.[2] is considered to be the first Apostolic Father of the Church, one of the three chief ones together with Polycarp and Ignatius of Antioch.[3] details are known about Clement's life. Clement was said to have been consecrated by Peter the Apostle,[3] and he is known to have been a leading member of the church in Rome in the late 1st century. church lists place him as the second or third[2][a] bishop of Rome after Peter. The Liber Pontificalis states that Clement died in Greece in the third year of Emperor Trajan's reign, or 101 AD. only genuine extant writing is his letter to the church at Corinth (1 Clement) in response to a dispute in which certain presbyters of the Corinthian church had been deposed.[2] asserted the authority of the presbyters as rulers of the church on the ground that the Apostles had appointed such.[2] letter, which is one of the oldest extant Christian documents outside the New Testament, was read in church, along with other epistles, some of which later became part of the Christian canon. These works were the first to affirm the apostolic authority of the clergy.[2] A second epistle, 2 Clement, was once controversially attributed to Clement, although recent scholarship suggests it to be a homily by another author.[2] In the legendary Clementine literature, Clement is the intermediary through whom the apostles teach the church.[2] to tradition, Clement was imprisoned under the Emperor Trajan; during this time he is recorded to have led a ministry among fellow prisoners. Thereafter he was executed by being tied to an anchor and thrown into the sea.[2] Clement is recognized as a saint in many Christian churches and is considered a patron saint of mariners. He is commemorated on 23 November in the Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion, and the Lutheran Church. In Eastern Orthodox Christianity his feast is kept on 24 or 25 November. Hieromartyr Eutyches the Disciple of St John the Theologian, Commemorated on August 24; Apostle Titus of the Seventy and Bishop of Crete, Commemorated August 25 ; Apostle Quadratus of the Seventy, Commemorated on September 21; St Xanthippe Disciple of the Apostles, who died in Spain, Commemorated on September 23 ; CLEMENT OF ROME, BISHOP (23 NOV 100); Hieromartyr Clement the Pope of Rome, Commemorated on November 25; Apostle Apollos of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; St Mariamne the sister of the Apostle Philip, Commemorated on February 17; St Julian the Bishop of Cenomanis (Le Mans) in Gaul, Commemorated July 13 ; Hieromartyr Lucian the Bishop at Beauvais in France, Commemorated on June 3;

Rome, 67-76, Linus, Pope, was a successor to the Apostle Peter at Rome
Rome, 67-76, Roman Pope, Linus; Linus (died c. AD 76) was the second bishop of Rome. His pontificate lasted from c. AD 67 to his death. As with all the early popes, he was later canonized. those to have been pope, Peter, Linus, and Clement I are specifically named in the New Testament.[1] Linus is mentioned in the valediction of the Second Epistle to Timothy as being with Paul the Apostle in Rome near the end of Paul's life. Apostle Linus of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 5; Patrobus, Hermes, Linus, Gaius, and Philologus, Apostles of the Seventy, preached the Gospel in various cities, each enduring various hardships in their service as bishops. Saint Patrobus (Rom 16:14) was Bishop of Neopolis (now Naples) and Puteoli in Italy. Saint Hermes was bishop in the city of Philippoplis where he died a martyr. Saint Linus (2 Tim 4:21) was a successor to the Apostle Peter at Rome. Saint Gaius (Rom 16:23), was Bishop of Ephesus after Saint Timothy. The Apostle Andrew consecrated Saint Philologus (Rom 16:15) as bishop of the city of Sinope (in the Black Sea region).

Rome, 67-96, Dionysius, Areopagite, Important Orthodox writer, spiritual principles&deification, holy mysteries
Greece, 30-96, Saint, Dionysius the Areopagite ; Hill of Ares (The Aeropagus): Areopagus (both a place and a judicial body); Hieromartyr Dionysius the Areopagite the Bishop of Athens, Commemorated on October 3; Dionysius lived originally in the city of Athens. He was raised there and received a classical Greek education. He then went to Egypt, where he studied astronomy at the city of Heliopolis. It was in Heliopolis, along with his friend Apollophonos where he witnessed the solar eclipse that occurred at the moment of the death of the Lord Jesus Christ by Crucifixion. “Either the Creator of all the world now suffers, or this visible world is coming to an end,” Dionysius said. Upon his return to Athens from Egypt, he was chosen to be a member of the Areopagus Council (Athenian high court). the holy Apostle Paul preached at the place on the Hill of Ares (Acts 17:16-34), Dionysius accepted his salvific proclamation and became a Christian. For three years Saint Dionysius remained a companion of the holy Apostle Paul in preaching the Word of God. Later on, the Apostle Paul selected him as bishop of the city of Athens. And in the year 57 Saint Dionysius was present at the repose of the Most Holy Theotokos. the lifetime of the Mother of God, Saint Dionysius had journeyed from Athens to Jerusalem to meet Her. He wrote to his teacher the Apostle Paul: “I witness by God, that besides the very God Himself, there is nothing else filled with such divine power and grace. No one can fully comprehend what I saw. I confess before God: when I was with John, who shone among the Apostles like the sun in the sky, when I was brought before the countenance of the Most Holy Virgin, I experienced an inexpressible sensation. Before me gleamed a sort of divine radiance which transfixed my spirit. I perceived the fragrance of indescribable aromas and was filled with such delight that my very body became faint, and my spirit could hardly endure these signs and marks of eternal majesty and heavenly power. The grace from her overwhelmed my heart and shook my very spirit. If I did not have in mind your instruction, I should have mistaken Her for the very God. It is impossible to stand before greater blessedness than this which I beheld.” the death of the Apostle Paul, Saint Dionysius wanted to continue with his work, and therefore went off preaching in the West, accompanied by the Presbyter Rusticus and Deacon Eleutherius. They converted many to Christ at Rome, and then in Germany, and then in Spain. In Gaul, during a persecution against Christians by the pagan authorities, all three confessors were arrested and thrown into prison. By night Saint Dionysius celebrated the Divine Liturgy with angels of the Lord. In the morning the martyrs were beheaded. According to an old tradition, Saint Dionysius took up his head, proceeded with it to the church and fell down dead there. A pious woman named Catulla buried the relics of the saint. writings of Saint Dionysius the Areopagite hold great significance for the Orthodox Church. Four books of his have survived to the present day: On the Celestial Hierarchy On the Ecclesiastical Hierarchy On the Names of God On Mystical Theology In additional, there are ten letters to various people. book On the Celestial Hierarchies was written actually in one of the countries of Western Europe, where Saint Dionysius was preaching. In it he speaks of the Christian teaching about the angelic world. The angelic (or Celestial-Heavenly) hierarchy comprises the nine angelic Ranks: Seraphim Cherubim Thrones Dominions Powers Authorities Principalities Archangels Angels account of the Synaxis of the Bodiless Powers of Heaven is located under November 8. purpose of the divinely-established Angelic Hierarchy is the ascent towards godliness through purification, enlightenment and perfection. The highest ranks are bearers of divine light and divine life for the lower ranks. And not only are the sentient, bodiless angelic hosts included in the spiritual light-bearing hierarchy, but also the human race, created anew and sanctified in the Church of Christ. book of Saint Dionysius On the Ecclesiastical Hierarchies is a continuation of his book On the Celestial Hierarchies. The Church of Christ, like the Angelic ranks, in its universal service is set upon the foundation of priestly principles established by God. the earthly world, for the children of the Church, divine grace comes down indescribably in the holy Mysteries of the Church, which are spiritual in nature, though perceptible to the senses in form. Few, even among the holy ascetics, were able to behold with their earthly eyes the fiery vision of the Holy Mysteries of God. But outside of the Church’s sacraments, outside of Baptism and the Eucharist, the light-bearing saving grace of God is not found, neither is divine knowledge nor theosis (deification). book On the Names of God expounds upon the way of divine knowledge through a progression of the Divine Names. Dionysius’ book On Mystical Theology also sets forth the teaching about divine knowledge. The theology of the Orthodox Church is totally based upon experience of divine knowledge. In order to know God it is necessary to be in proximity to Him, to have come near to Him in some measure, so as to attain communion with God and deification (theosis). This condition is accomplished through prayer. This is not because prayer in itself brings us close to the incomprehensible God, but rather that the purity of heart in true prayer brings us closer to God. written works of Saint Dionysius the Areopagite are of extraordinary significance in the theology of the Orthodox Church, and also for late Medieval Western theology. For almost four centuries, until the beginning of the sixth century, the works of this holy Father of the Church were preserved in an obscure manuscript tradition, primarily by theologians of the Alexandrian Church. The concepts in these works were known and utilized by Clement of Alexandria, Origen, Dionysius the Great, pre-eminent figures of the catechetical school in Alexandria, and also by Saint Gregory the Theologian. Saint Dionysius of Alexandria wrote to Saint Gregory the Theologian a Commentary on the “Areopagitum.” The works of Saint Dionysius the Areopagite received general Church recognition during the sixth-seventh centuries. relevant are the Commentaries written by Saint Maximus the Confessor (January 21). (trans. note: although many scholars suggest that the “Areopagitum” was actually written by an anonymous sixth century figure who employed the common ancient device of piously borrowing an illustrious name, this in no way diminishes the profound theological significance of the works.) the Russian Orthodox Church the teachings of Saint Dionysius the Areopagite about the spiritual principles and deification were at first known through the writings of Saint John of Damascus (December 4). The first Slavonic translation of the “Areopagitum” was done on Mt. Athos in about the year 1371 by a monk named Isaiah. Copies of it were widely distributed in Russia. Many of them have been preserved to the present day in historic manuscript collections, among which is a parchment manuscript “Works of Saint Dionysius the Areopagite” belonging to Saint Cyprian, Metropolitan of Kiev and All Rus (September 16) in his own handwriting. to one tradition, he was killed at Lutetia (ancient name of Paris, France) in the year 96 during the persecution under the Roman emperor Dometian (81-96). Today most scholars and theologians believe that Saint Dionysius the Areopagite did not die in Gaul, and that Saint Dionysius (or Denys) of Paris is a different saint with the same name. Demetrius of Rostov says that the Hieromartyr Dionysius was beheaded in Athens, and that many miracles were worked at his grave.

Rome, 68-69, Emperor, Three Emperors, Galba, Otho, and Vitellius
Roman Emperor, 68-69, Three Emperors, Galba; Roman Emperor, 68-69, Three Emperors, Otho; Roman Emperor, 68-69, Three Emperors, Vitellius; Hieromartyr Eutyches the Disciple of St John the Theologian, Commemorated on August 24; Apostle Titus of the Seventy and Bishop of Crete, Commemorated August 25 ; Return of the Relics of the Apostle Bartholomew from Anastasiopolis to Lipari, Commemorated August 25 : By the power of God the chests did not sink into the depths of the sea, but miraculously floated upon the waves and reached Italy. The chest with the relics of the Apostle Bartholomew came to land at the island of Lipari, and the remaining chests continued their journey and came to land at various places in Italy. The chest with the relics of the Martyr Papian halted at Sicily, the Martyr Lucian at Messina, the Martyr Gregory at Calabria, and the Martyr Acacius at Askalon. ; Apostle Aristarchus of the Seventy, Commemorated on September 27; CLEMENT OF ROME, BISHOP (23 NOV 100); Hieromartyr Ignatius the God-Bearer the Bishop of Antioch, Commemorated on December 20; JOHN, APOSTLE AND EVANGELIST (27 DEC NT); St Julian the Bishop of Cenomanis (Le Mans) in Gaul, Commemorated July 13 ; Apostle Evodius (Euodias) of the Seventy, Commemorated on September 7; Apostle Quadratus of the Seventy, Commemorated on September 21; St Xanthippe Disciple of the Apostles, who died in Spain, Commemorated on September 23 ; Apostle Ananias of the Seventy, Commemorated on October 1 ; Hieromartyr Dionysius the Areopagite the Bishop of Athens, Commemorated on October 3; Hieromartyr Hierotheus the Bishop of Athens, Commemorated October 4 ; Holy, Glorious Apostle Thomas, Commemorated on October 6 ; Martyr Julian the Presbyter at Terracina, Commemorated on October 7; Apostle James the Son of Alphaeus, Commemorated on October 9; Apostle Philip of the Seventy, One of the Seven Deacons, Commemorated on October 11; Apostle and Evangelist Luke, Commemorated on October 18; LUKE THE EVANGELIST, (18 OCTOBER) ; Hieromartyr Nicander the Bishop of Myra, Commemorated on November 4; Apostle Erastus of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 10; Icon of the Mother of God œthe MercifulÂ, Commemorated on November 12; Apostle Archippus the Martyr of the Seventy, Commemorated on November 22; Hieromartyr Clement the Pope of Rome, Commemorated on November 25; Apostle Simeon, of the Seventy, the son of Cleophas, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Parmenas the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Onesimus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Epaphroditus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Silas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Crescens of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Apelles of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Erastus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Quartus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Clement of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Sosthenes of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Apollos of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Tychicus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Quadratus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Artemas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Timothy of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 22; St Bucolus the Bishop of Smyrna, Commemorated on February 6; Apostle Onesimus of the Seventy, Commemorated on February 15; St Auxibius Bishop of Soli, Cyprus, Commemorated on February 17; St Mariamne the sister of the Apostle Philip, Commemorated on February 17; St Artemon (Menignus) the Bishop of Seleucia, Commemorated on March 24 ; Apostle Zacchaeus, Commemorated on April 20; Hieromartyr Patrick the Bishop of Prusa with his companions, Commemorated on May 19;

Rome, 69-79, Emperor, Vespasian, military success, into Britain and Jerusalem
Roman Emperor, 69-79, Vespasian ; (17 November AD 9 - 23 June 79) was Roman emperor from 69 to 79. The fourth and last in the Year of the Four Emperors, he founded the Flavian dynasty that ruled the Empire for 27 years. was the first emperor from an equestrian family and only rose into the senatorial rank as the first member of his family later in his lifetime. renown came from his military success; he was legate of Legio II Augusta during the Roman invasion of Britain in 43 and subjugated Judaea during the Jewish rebellion of 66.[4] Vespasian besieged Jerusalem during the Jewish rebellion, emperor Nero committed suicide and plunged Rome into a year of civil war known as the Year of the Four Emperors. After Galba and Otho perished in quick succession, Vitellius became emperor in April 69. The Roman legions of Roman Egypt and Judaea reacted by declaring Vespasian, their commander, the emperor on 1 July 69.[5] In his bid for imperial power, Vespasian joined forces with Mucianus, the governor of Syria, and Primus, a general in Pannonia, leaving his son Titus to command the besieging forces at Jerusalem. Primus and Mucianus led the Flavian forces against Vitellius, while Vespasian took control of Egypt. On 20 December 69, Vitellius was defeated, and the following day Vespasian was declared emperor by the Senate.[6] information survives about the government during Vespasian's ten-year rule. He reformed the financial system of Rome after the campaign against Judaea ended successfully, and initiated several ambitious construction projects, including the building of the Flavian Amphitheatre, better known today as the Roman Colosseum. Through his general Agricola, Vespasian increased imperial expansion in Britain. After he died in 79, he was succeeded by his eldest son Titus, thus becoming the first Roman emperor to be succeeded by his natural son and establishing the Flavian dynasty. St Julian the Bishop of Cenomanis (Le Mans) in Gaul, Commemorated July 13 ; Hieromartyr Apollinaris the Bishop of Ravenna, Commemorated on July 23; Hieromartyr Eutyches the Disciple of St John the Theologian, Commemorated on August 24; Apostle Titus of the Seventy and Bishop of Crete, Commemorated August 25 ; Return of the Relics of the Apostle Bartholomew from Anastasiopolis to Lipari, Commemorated August 25 : By the power of God the chests did not sink into the depths of the sea, but miraculously floated upon the waves and reached Italy. The chest with the relics of the Apostle Bartholomew came to land at the island of Lipari, and the remaining chests continued their journey and came to land at various places in Italy. The chest with the relics of the Martyr Papian halted at Sicily, the Martyr Lucian at Messina, the Martyr Gregory at Calabria, and the Martyr Acacius at Askalon. ; Apostle Quadratus of the Seventy, Commemorated on September 21; St Xanthippe Disciple of the Apostles, who died in Spain, Commemorated on September 23 ; Apostle Aristarchus of the Seventy, Commemorated on September 27; Hieromartyr Dionysius the Areopagite the Bishop of Athens, Commemorated on October 3; Hieromartyr Hierotheus the Bishop of Athens, Commemorated October 4 ; Holy, Glorious Apostle Thomas, Commemorated on October 6 ; Martyr Julian the Presbyter at Terracina, Commemorated on October 7; Apostle Philip of the Seventy, One of the Seven Deacons, Commemorated on October 11; Icon of the Mother of God œthe MercifuÂ, Commemorated on November 12; CLEMENT OF ROME, BISHOP (23 NOV 100); Hieromartyr Clement the Pope of Rome, Commemorated on November 25; Hieromartyr Ignatius the God-Bearer the Bishop of Antioch, Commemorated on December 20; JOHN, APOSTLE AND EVANGELIST (27 DEC NT); Apostle Simeon, of the Seventy, the son of Cleophas, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Parmenas the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Onesimus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Epaphroditus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Silas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Crescens of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Erastus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Quartus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Clement of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Sosthenes of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Apollos of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Tychicus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Quadratus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Artemas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Timothy of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 22; St Bucolus the Bishop of Smyrna, Commemorated on February 6; Apostle Onesimus of the Seventy, Commemorated on February 15; St Auxibius Bishop of Soli, Cyprus, Commemorated on February 17; St Mariamne the sister of the Apostle Philip, Commemorated on February 17; St Artemon (Menignus) the Bishop of Seleucia, Commemorated on March 24 ; Apostle Zacchaeus, Commemorated on April 20; Apostle Andronicus of the Seventy, Commemorated on May 17 ; Hieromartyr Patrick the Bishop of Prusa with his companions, Commemorated on May 19; Martyr Leontius at Tripoli in Syria, Commemorated on June 18 ;

Rome, 79-81, Emperor, Titus, commander, pretorian guard, Colosseum, Mt Vesuvius, died of a fever after 2 yrs
Roman Emperor, 79-81, Titus ; Caesar Vespasianus (/ˈtaɪtəs/ TY-təs; 30 December 39 – 13 September 81 AD) was Roman emperor from 79 to 81. A member of the Flavian dynasty, Titus succeeded his father Vespasian upon his death. becoming emperor, Titus gained renown as a military commander, serving under his father in Judea during the First Jewish–Roman War. The campaign came to a brief halt with the death of emperor Nero in 68, launching Vespasian's bid for the imperial power during the Year of the Four Emperors. When Vespasian was declared Emperor on 1 July 69, Titus was left in charge of ending the Jewish rebellion. In 70, he besieged and captured Jerusalem, and destroyed the city and the Second Temple. For this achievement Titus was awarded a triumph; the Arch of Titus commemorates his victory to this day. his father's rule, Titus gained notoriety in Rome serving as prefect of the Praetorian Guard, and for carrying on a controversial relationship with the Jewish queen Berenice. Despite concerns over his character, Titus ruled to great acclaim following the death of Vespasian in 79, and was considered a good emperor by Suetonius and other contemporary historians. emperor, Titus is best known for completing the Colosseum and for his generosity in relieving the suffering caused by two disasters, the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79 and a fire in Rome in 80. After barely two years in office, Titus died of a fever on 13 September 81. He was deified by the Roman Senate and succeeded by his younger brother Domitian. St Julian the Bishop of Cenomanis (Le Mans) in Gaul, Commemorated July 13 ; Hieromartyr Eutyches the Disciple of St John the Theologian, Commemorated on August 24; Apostle Titus of the Seventy and Bishop of Crete, Commemorated August 25 ; Commemoration of the Founding of the Church of the Resurrection (Holy Sepulchre) at Jerusalem, Commemorated on September 13; Greatmartyr Eustathius (Eustace) Placidas with his wife and children of Rome, Commemorated on September 20; Apostle Quadratus of the Seventy, Commemorated on September 21; St Xanthippe Disciple of the Apostles, who died in Spain, Commemorated on September 23 ; Hieromartyr Dionysius the Areopagite the Bishop of Athens, Commemorated on October 3; Holy, Glorious Apostle Thomas, Commemorated on October 6 ; Martyr Julian the Presbyter at Terracina, Commemorated on October 7; CLEMENT OF ROME, BISHOP (23 NOV 100); Hieromartyr Clement the Pope of Rome, Commemorated on November 25; Hieromartyr Ignatius the God-Bearer the Bishop of Antioch, Commemorated on December 20; JOHN, APOSTLE AND EVANGELIST (27 DEC NT); Apostle Simeon, of the Seventy, the son of Cleophas, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Parmenas the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Onesimus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Epaphroditus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Silas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Crescens of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Erastus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Quartus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Clement of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Sosthenes of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Apollos of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Tychicus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Quadratus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Artemas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Timothy of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 22; St Bucolus the Bishop of Smyrna, Commemorated on February 6; Apostle Onesimus of the Seventy, Commemorated on February 15; St Auxibius Bishop of Soli, Cyprus, Commemorated on February 17; St Mariamne the sister of the Apostle Philip, Commemorated on February 17; St Artemon (Menignus) the Bishop of Seleucia, Commemorated on March 24 ; Hieromartyr Patrick the Bishop of Prusa with his companions, Commemorated on May 19;

Rome, 81-96, Emperor, Dometian, Pagan, authority, cut Senate powers, economy, b defense, m building p, wars, k by S
Roman Emperor, 81-96, Dometian ; (24 October 51 - 18 September 96) was Roman emperor from 81 to 96. He was the son of Vespasian and the younger brother of Titus, his two predecessors on the throne, and the last member of the Flavian dynasty. his reign, the authoritarian nature of his rule put him at sharp odds with the Senate, whose powers he drastically curtailed. had a minor and largely ceremonial role during the reigns of his father and brother. After the death of his brother, Domitian was declared emperor by the Praetorian Guard. 15-year reign was the longest since that of Tiberius.[5] As emperor, Domitian strengthened the economy by revaluing the Roman coinage, expanded the border defenses of the empire, and initiated a massive building program to restore the damaged city of Rome. wars were fought in Britain, where his general Agricola attempted to conquer Caledonia (Scotland), and in Dacia, where Domitian was unable to procure a decisive victory against King Decebalus. Domitian's government exhibited strong authoritarian characteristics. Religious, military, and cultural propaganda fostered a cult of personality, and by nominating himself perpetual censor, he sought to control public and private morals. a consequence, Domitian was popular with the people and army, but considered a tyrant by members of the Roman Senate. reign came to an end in 96 when he was assassinated by court officials. He was succeeded the same day by his advisor Nerva. After his death, Domitian's memory was condemned to oblivion by the Senate, while senatorial authors such as Tacitus, Pliny the Younger, and Suetonius propagated the view of Domitian as a cruel and paranoid tyrant. revisionists instead have characterized Domitian as a ruthless but efficient autocrat whose cultural, economic, and political programs provided the foundation of the peaceful second century. Hieromartyr Eutyches the Disciple of St John the Theologian, Commemorated on August 24; Apostle Titus of the Seventy and Bishop of Crete, Commemorated August 25 ; St Sebastiana the Martyr and Disciple of St Paul the Apostle at Heraclea, Commemorated September 16 ; Apostle Quadratus of the Seventy, Commemorated on September 21; St Xanthippe Disciple of the Apostles, who died in Spain, Commemorated on September 23 ; Hieromartyr Dionysius the Areopagite the Bishop of Athens, Commemorated on October 3; Martyr Julian the Presbyter at Terracina, Commemorated on October 7; CLEMENT OF ROME, BISHOP (23 NOV 100); Hieromartyr Clement the Pope of Rome, Commemorated on November 25; Hieromartyr Ignatius the God-Bearer the Bishop of Antioch, Commemorated on December 20; JOHN, APOSTLE AND EVANGELIST (27 DEC NT); Apostle Simeon, of the Seventy, the son of Cleophas, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Parmenas the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Onesimus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Epaphroditus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Silas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Crescens of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Erastus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Quartus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Clement of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Sosthenes of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Apollos of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Tychicus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Quadratus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Artemas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Timothy of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 22; St Bucolus the Bishop of Smyrna, Commemorated on February 6; Apostle Onesimus of the Seventy, Commemorated on February 15; St Auxibius Bishop of Soli, Cyprus, Commemorated on February 17; St Mariamne the sister of the Apostle Philip, Commemorated on February 17; St Artemon (Menignus) the Bishop of Seleucia, Commemorated on March 24 ; Hieromartyr Patrick the Bishop of Prusa with his companions, Commemorated on May 19; Hieromartyr Lucian the Bishop at Beauvais in France, Commemorated on June 3;

Rome, 89-156, Polycarp, Roman Saint in Smyrna, close to J the theologian and Iraneous, alive in the fire, stabbed, fire out
Rome, 89-156, Roman Saint in Smyrna, Polycarp; Hieromartyr Polycarp the Bishop of Smyrna, Commemorated on February 23; Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna, who was “fruitful in every good work” (Col. 1:10), was born in the first century, and lived in Smyrna in Asia Minor. was orphaned at an early age, but at the direction of an angel, he was raised by the pious widow Kallista. the death of his adoptive mother, Polycarp gave away his possessions and began to lead a chaste life, caring for the sick and the infirm. was very fond of and close to Saint Bucolus, Bishop of Smyrna (February 6). He ordained Polycarp as deacon, entrusting to him to preach the Word of God in church. He also ordained him to the holy priesthood. holy Apostle John the Theologian was still alive at this time. Saint Polycarp was especially close to Saint John, and sometimes accompanied him on his apostolic journeys. before his death, Saint Bucolus expressed his wish that Polycarp be made Bishop of Smyrna. When Saint Polycarp was consecrated as a bishop, the Lord Jesus Christ appeared to him. Polycarp guided his flock with apostolic zeal, and he was also greatly loved by the clergy. Saint Ignatius the God-Bearer of Antioch (December 20) also had a high regard for him. Setting out for Rome where execution awaited him, he wrote to Saint Polycarp, “This age is in need of you if it is to reach God, just as pilots need winds, and as a storm-tossed sailor needs a port.” emperor Marcus Aurelius (161-180) came to the Roman throne and started up a most fierce persecution against Christians. The pagans demanded that the judge search for Saint Polycarp, “the father of all the Christians” and “the seducer of all Asia.” this time Saint Polycarp, at the persistent urging of his flock, stayed in a small village not far from Smyrna. When the soldiers came for him, he went out to them and invited them in to eat. He asked for time to pray, in order to prepare himself for martyrdom. suffering and death are recorded in the “Epistle of the Christians of the Church of Smyrna to the Other Churches,” one of the most ancient memorials of Christian literature. been brought to trial, Saint Polycarp firmly confessed his faith in Christ, and was condemned to be burned alive. The executioners wanted to nail him to a post, but he declared that God would give him the strength to endure the flames, so they could merely tie him with ropes. flames encircled the saint but did not touch him, coming together over his head in the shape of a vault. Seeing that the fire did him no harm, the pagans stabbed him with a dagger. So much blood flowed from this wound that it extinguished the flames. The body of the hieromartyr Polycarp was then cremated. The Christians of Smyrna reverently gathered up what remained of his holy relics, and each year they celebrated the day of his martyrdom. story has been preserved about Saint Polycarp by his disciple, Saint Irenaeus of Lyons, which Eusebius cites in his ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY (V, 20): “I was still very young when I saw you in Asia Minor at Polycarp’s,” writes Saint Irenaeus to his friend Florinus, “but I would still be able to point out the place where Blessed Polycarp sat and conversed, and be able to depict his walk, his mannerisms in life, his outward appearance, his speaking to people, his companionable wandering with John, and how he himself related, together with other eyewitnesses of the Lord, those things that he remembered from the words of others. He also told what he heard from them about the Lord, His teachings and miracles.... “Through the mercy of God to me, I then already listened attentively to Polycarp and wrote down his words, not on tablets, but in the depths of my heart. Therefore, I am able to bear witness before God, that if this blessed and apostolic Elder heard something similar to your fallacy, he would immediately stop up his ears and express his indignation with his usual phrase: ‘Good God! That Thou hast permitted me to be alive at such a time!’” his life the holy bishop wrote several Epistles to the flock and letters to various individuals. The only one that has survived to the present day is his Epistle to the Philippians which, Saint Jerome testifies, was read in the churches of Asia Minor at divine services. It was written by the saint in response to the request of the Philippians to send them some letters of the hieromartyr Ignatius (December 20) which Saint Polycarp had in his possession. The composer H.I.F. Bibier (1644-1704) has written a Sonata “Scti Polycarpi” for eight trumpets in honor of the holy martyr. Hieromartyr Pionius of Smyrna and those with him, Commemorated on March 11;

Rome, 92-101, 3rd Roman Pope, Clement I, miraculous ebbing of the sea r shrine c his bones, anchor
Roman Pope, 88-99, Clement I ; Hieromartyr Eutyches the Disciple of St John the Theologian, Commemorated on August 24; Apostle Titus of the Seventy and Bishop of Crete, Commemorated August 25 ; Apostle Quadratus of the Seventy, Commemorated on September 21; St Xanthippe Disciple of the Apostles, who died in Spain, Commemorated on September 23 ; CLEMENT OF ROME, BISHOP (23 NOV 100); Hieromartyr Clement the Pope of Rome, Commemorated on November 25; Apostle Apollos of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; St Mariamne the sister of the Apostle Philip, Commemorated on February 17; St Julian the Bishop of Cenomanis (Le Mans) in Gaul, Commemorated July 13 ; Hieromartyr Lucian the Bishop at Beauvais in France, Commemorated on June 3;

Rome, 96-98, Emperor, Nerva, old, restored liberties, adopted Trajan
Roman Emperor, 96-98, Nerva ; (8 November 30 - 28 January 98) was Roman emperor from 96 to 98. Nerva became emperor when aged almost 66, after a lifetime of imperial service under Nero and the rulers of the Flavian dynasty. Under Nero, he was a member of the imperial entourage and played a vital part in exposing the Pisonian conspiracy of 65. Later, as a loyalist to the Flavians, he attained consulships in 71 and 90 during the reigns of Vespasian and Domitian, respectively. 18 September 96, Domitian was assassinated in a palace conspiracy involving members of the Praetorian Guard and several of his freedmen. On the same day, Nerva was declared emperor by the Roman Senate, although it is possible they were approving a decision made by the Praetorian Guard, as rare coins show him speaking with this group. the new ruler of the Roman Empire, he vowed to restore liberties which had been curtailed during the autocratic government of Domitian. brief reign was marred by financial difficulties and his inability to assert his authority over the Roman army. revolt by the Praetorian Guard in October 97 essentially forced him to adopt an heir. After some deliberation Nerva adopted Trajan, a young and popular general, as his successor. After barely fifteen months in office, Nerva died of natural causes on 28 January 98. Upon his death he was succeeded and deified by Trajan. much of his life remains obscure, Nerva was considered a wise and moderate emperor by ancient historians. Nerva's greatest success was his ability to ensure a peaceful transition of power after his death by selecting Trajan as his heir, thus founding the Nerva–Antonine dynasty. St Julian the Bishop of Cenomanis (Le Mans) in Gaul, Commemorated July 13 ; Hieromartyr Eutyches the Disciple of St John the Theologian, Commemorated on August 24; Apostle Titus of the Seventy and Bishop of Crete, Commemorated August 25 ; Apostle Quadratus of the Seventy, Commemorated on September 21; St Xanthippe Disciple of the Apostles, who died in Spain, Commemorated on September 23 ; CLEMENT OF ROME, BISHOP (23 NOV 100); Hieromartyr Clement the Pope of Rome, Commemorated on November 25; Hieromartyr Ignatius the God-Bearer the Bishop of Antioch, Commemorated on December 20; Apostle Simeon, of the Seventy, the son of Cleophas, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Parmenas the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Onesimus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Epaphroditus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Silas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Crescens of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Erastus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Quartus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Clement of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Sosthenes of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Apollos of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Tychicus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Quadratus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Artemas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; St Bucolus the Bishop of Smyrna, Commemorated on February 6; Apostle Onesimus of the Seventy, Commemorated on February 15; St Auxibius Bishop of Soli, Cyprus, Commemorated on February 17; Hieromartyr Patrick the Bishop of Prusa with his companions, Commemorated on May 19;

Rome, 98-117, Sarbelus, Edessa, converted pagan priest and martyr
Armenia, 98-117, Sarbelus, Edessa, Converted priest and martyr; Edessa, Syria; Martyr Sarbelus of Edessa, Commemorated September 5 ; Holy Martyr Sarbelus was a pagan priest who lived during the reign of the emperor Trajan (98-117) He and his sister Bebaia were converted by Saint Barsimaius, the Bishop of Edessa (January 29). They both received the crown of martyrdom. This Saint Sarbelus appears to be the same one who is commemorated on January 29 and October 15.

Rome, 98-117, Emperor, Trajan, Pagan, best ruler, military expansion, socialist, adopted by Nerva
Roman Emperor, 98-117, Trajan ; (18 September 53 - c. 9 August 117) was Roman emperor from 98 to 117. Officially declared by the Senate optimus princeps (best ruler), Trajan is remembered as a successful soldier-emperor who presided over the second-greatest military expansion in Roman history, after Augustus, leading the empire to attain its maximum territorial extent by the time of his death. He is also known for his philanthropic rule, overseeing extensive public building programs and implementing social welfare policies, which earned him his enduring reputation as the second of the Five Good Emperors who presided over an era of peace within the Empire and prosperity in the Mediterranean world. was born in Italica, close to modern Seville in present-day Spain, an Italic settlement in the Roman province of Hispania Baetica. Although misleadingly designated by some later writers as a provincial, his Ulpia gens came from Umbria and he was born a Roman citizen.[3] rose to prominence during the reign of emperor Domitian. Serving as a legatus legionis in Hispania Tarraconensis, in 89 Trajan supported Domitian against a revolt on the Rhine led by Antonius Saturninus. In September 96, Domitian was succeeded by the old and childless Nerva, who proved to be unpopular with the army. After a brief and tumultuous year in power, culminating in a revolt by members of the Praetorian Guard, he decided to adopt the more popular Trajan as his heir and successor. died in 98 and was succeeded by his adopted son without incident. a civilian administrator, Trajan is best known for his extensive public building program, which reshaped the city of Rome and left numerous enduring landmarks such as Trajan's Forum, Trajan's Market and Trajan's Column. in his reign, he annexed the Nabataean Kingdom, creating the province of Arabia Petraea. conquest of Dacia enriched the empire greatly, as the new province possessed many valuable gold mines. war against the Parthian Empire ended with the sack of the capital Ctesiphon and the annexation of Armenia and Mesopotamia. campaigns expanded the Roman Empire to its greatest territorial extent. late 117, while sailing back to Rome, Trajan fell ill and died of a stroke in the city of Selinus. He was deified by the Senate and his ashes were laid to rest under the Trajan's Column. He was succeeded by his cousin Hadrian, whom Trajan supposedly adopted on his deathbed. Martyr Hilary of Ancyra, Commemorated July 12 ; St Julian the Bishop of Cenomanis (Le Mans) in Gaul, Commemorated July 13 ; Apostle Crescens of the Seventy, Commemorated July 30 ; Martyr Florus of Illyria, Commemorated on August 18; Martyr Hermes of Rome, Commemorated on August 18; Martyr Aristion the Bishop of Alexandria, Commemorated on September 3 ; Martyr Hermione the Daughter of St Philip the Deacon, Commemorated on September 4; Martyr Sarbelus of Edessa, Commemorated September 5 ; Martyr Romulus and with him many others, Commemorated September 6 ; Greatmartyr Eustathius (Eustace) Placidas with his wife and children of Rome, Commemorated on September 20; Apostle Quadratus of the Seventy, Commemorated on September 21; Hieromartyr Phocas the Bishop of Sinope, Commemorated on September 22; St Xanthippe Disciple of the Apostles, who died in Spain, Commemorated on September 23 ; Martyr Sarbelus of Edessa, Commemorated on October 15; IGNATIUS OF ANTIOCH, BISHOP AND MARTYR (17 OCT 107); St Abercius the Bishop and Wonderworker of Hieropolis, Equal of the Apostles, Commemorated on October 22; Hieromartyr Clement the Pope of Rome, Commemorated on November 25; Hieromartyr Ignatius the God-Bearer the Bishop of Antioch, Commemorated on December 20; Apostle Simeon, of the Seventy, the son of Cleophas, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Parmenas the Deacon of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Onesimus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Epaphroditus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Silas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Crescens of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Erastus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Quartus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Clement of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Sosthenes of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Apollos of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Tychicus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Quadratus of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; Apostle Artemas of the Seventy, Commemorated on January 4; St Sarbelus of Edessa, Commemorated on January 29; Translation of the relics of the Hieromartyr Ignatius, the Godbearer and Bishop of Antioch, Commemorated on January 29; St Bucolus the Bishop of Smyrna, Commemorated on February 6; Apostle Onesimus of the Seventy, Commemorated on February 15; St Auxibius Bishop of Soli, Cyprus, Commemorated on February 17; Hieromartyr Polycarp the Bishop of Smyrna, Commemorated on February 23; POLYCARP, BISHOP OF SMYRNA AND MARTYR (23 FEB 156); Martyr Eudokia of Heliopolis, Commemorated on March 1 ; Hieromartyr Basil of Cherson, Commemorated on March 7; Martyr Drosis the Daughter of the Emperor Trajan, Commemorated on March 22; Hieromartyr Patrick the Bishop of Prusa with his companions, Commemorated on May 19; Hieromartyr Astius the Bishop of Dyrrachium in Macedonia, Commemorated on June 4; Martyr Zosimus the Soldier at Antioch, in Pisidia, Commemorated on June 19; Martyr Hyacinthus of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on July 3; Martyr Theodotus at Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Commemorated on July 4; Martyr Peregrinus of Dyrrachium in Macedonia, Commemorated on July 7;